CN109411798B - Gas-power interconnection system based on reversible fuel cell under composite gas condition - Google Patents
Gas-power interconnection system based on reversible fuel cell under composite gas condition Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/22—Fuel cells in which the fuel is based on materials comprising carbon or oxygen or hydrogen and other elements; Fuel cells in which the fuel is based on materials comprising only elements other than carbon, oxygen or hydrogen
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
- C25B1/01—Products
- C25B1/02—Hydrogen or oxygen
- C25B1/04—Hydrogen or oxygen by electrolysis of water
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17D—PIPE-LINE SYSTEMS; PIPE-LINES
- F17D1/00—Pipe-line systems
- F17D1/02—Pipe-line systems for gases or vapours
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/34—Hydrogen distribution
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/36—Hydrogen production from non-carbon containing sources, e.g. by water electrolysis
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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Abstract
The invention discloses a gas-power interconnection system based on a reversible fuel cell under a composite gas condition, which comprises the reversible fuel cell and a natural gas conveying pipeline connected with the reversible fuel cell through a hydrogen-methane-carbon monoxide conveying pipeline, wherein a hydrogen filling station and a hydrogen storage tank are respectively communicated through the hydrogen conveying pipeline. A pressure reduction station is arranged at the upstream of the point of the hydrogen-methane-carbon monoxide conveying pipeline connected with the natural gas conveying pipeline, and the pressure reduction station also comprises a power grid which is communicated with the reversible fuel cell and the natural gas conveying pipeline; the reconstructed composite gas pipeline and downstream users form a natural gas distribution network containing injected hydrogen, methane and carbon monoxide. Under the condition that the prior art is not changed, the hydrogen injection proportion is not more than 17%, and the composite gas formed by hydrogen, methane and carbon monoxide is injected into the natural gas pipe network to obtain the injection proportion higher than that of pure hydrogen so as to improve the integral injection quantity of fuel and improve the integral power of the system for converting electric power into gas.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the crossing field of electric/gas multi-energy system and clean new energy management, in particular to a gas/power interconnection system based on a reversible fuel cell under a composite gas condition.
Background
Aiming at the problems of fossil energy exhaustion and environmental pollution in the current society, in order to realize the optimal control and efficient utilization of various energies, a multi-energy system which relates to the close coupling of various energy flows such as electricity, heat, gas and the like is a trend of a future energy form, and therefore, a novel energy system integrating source, storage and load is required to be established.
With the increasing shortage of energy sources, the hydrogen energy source is considered as the clean energy source with the most development potential in the 21 st century due to the advantages of abundant sources, renewability, high energy density, clean combustion and the like. However, the characteristics of high preparation cost, difficult transportation and difficult storage are still difficult problems to be solved urgently at present.
Hydrogen is an extremely unstable and explosive substance, and is usually stored in a high-pressure or low-temperature liquefaction mode and stored in a hydrogen storage tank in a high-compression ratio mode, so that the process is extremely energy-consuming and irreparable. And because the problem of poor safety exists in adopting this method to store hydrogen, the hydrogen storage tank must be set up in the place far away from the urban area, and the hydrogen storage volume is limited, it is costly to build large-scale hydrogen storage device, it is inconvenient to transport.
The large-scale stable hydrogen transportation depends on the construction of an expensive hydrogen transportation pipeline, but the hydrogen and methane have obvious differences in the aspects of energy density, heat value, permeability and the like, the hydrogen energy is transported by utilizing a natural gas pipe network, the economical transportation method is adopted, and when the hydrogen content is lower than 17%, the adverse effect on the existing natural gas pipeline facilities is avoided, but the hydrogen production power is limited, and the energy interconnection effect is realized.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the above-mentioned defects in the prior art, the present invention provides a fuel gas/power interconnection system based on a reversible fuel cell under a composite gas condition, so as to overcome the defects in the prior art.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme.
A gas-electric power interconnection system based on a reversible fuel cell under a composite gas condition, comprising:
the reversible fuel cell is used for injecting the generated hydrogen, methane and carbon monoxide into a natural gas pipeline through a gas injection station so as to improve the injection amount of the hydrogen and further improve the power of generating gas by using electric power;
the hydrogen station is directly connected with the hydrogen produced by the reversible fuel cell through a hydrogen conveying pipeline to supplement the gas of the hydrogen station;
the hydrogen storage tank is stored by the small hydrogen storage tank and is used during the local load peak;
the natural gas distribution network comprises a gas injection station and users which are communicated through a reconstructed composite gas pipeline, and the natural gas distribution network containing hydrogen, methane and carbon monoxide for injection is formed.
Further, the hydrogen gas in the reconstructed composite gas pipeline is injected and mixed in a proportion of less than 17%, and the gas pressure at any position is less than the gas pressure in the natural gas conveying pipeline.
Further, the specific constraints on the mixture gas at any one position in the restructured composite gas distribution pipeline are as follows:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
reconstructing the hydrogen content in the composite gas pipeline at the time t;
reconstructing the content of natural gas flowing through the composite gas pipeline at unit time at t time;
reconstructing the content of methane flowing through the composite gas pipeline at the t moment in unit moment;
reconstructing the content of carbon monoxide flowing through the composite gas pipeline at unit time at the time t;
respectively reconstructing the air pressure in the composite gas pipeline and the natural gas conveying pipeline; k is a radical ofmIs a safety margin.
Further, a decompression station is arranged at the upstream of the natural gas conveying pipeline.
Further, the reversible fuel cell is connected with a natural gas conveying pipeline through a hydrogen-methane-carbon monoxide conveying pipeline, and the hydrogen-methane-carbon monoxide conveying pipeline is communicated with the natural gas conveying pipeline through a gas injection station.
The pressure reducing station is arranged at the upstream of the gas injection station and is constructed close to the gas injection station, the pressure reducing station is a separation node of the natural gas conveying pipeline and the reconstructed composite gas pipeline, and the upstream of the pressure reducing station is connected with the natural gas conveying pipeline.
Further, the reversible fuel cell is connected to a power grid.
Further, the reversible fuel cell is connected to the hydrogen station and the hydrogen storage tank through hydrogen delivery pipes, respectively.
Further, reverse voltage is applied to the fuel cell by utilizing the electric energy of the power grid in the load valley period, so that the fuel cell is converted into an electrolytic cell, namely, the electric energy in the load valley period can be utilized to enable high-temperature steam and carbon dioxide to generate a composite gas consisting of hydrogen, methane and carbon monoxide; the reversible fuel cell can generate electricity by using a composite gas consisting of hydrogen, methane and carbon monoxide during the load peak period, supply power and heat in a cogeneration mode, and transmit redundant electric energy to a power grid.
Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the gas-power interconnection system of the reversible fuel cell based on the composite gas effectively reduces the hydrogen storage cost by externally conveying the composite gas of hydrogen, methane and carbon monoxide generated by the electrolysis of the reversible fuel cell along a natural gas pipe network in an injection mode; under the condition that the prior art is not changed, the hydrogen injection proportion is not more than 17%, and the composite gas formed by hydrogen, methane and carbon monoxide is injected into the natural gas pipe network to obtain the injection proportion higher than that of pure hydrogen so as to improve the integral injection quantity of fuel and improve the integral power of the system for converting electric power into gas.
In addition, the invention also avoids the construction of large-scale hydrogen transmission pipelines, reduces the hydrogen transmission cost and the capital construction cost, promotes the bidirectional flow of two energy flows of electricity and gas, deepens the coupling degree of a power grid and a gas grid, improves the energy utilization efficiency and also improves the efficiency of energy interconnection.
Moreover, the reversible fuel cell can also generate electricity by adopting composite gas obtained by electrolysis, the reversible fuel cell is used as a prime motor and also used as an energy storage device, and new energy and electric energy in a load valley period are consumed by high-efficiency cogeneration and electricity-to-gas conversion, so that energy conservation and emission reduction are realized. Through the time-of-use gas price policy and the cheap output and distribution of hydrogen energy, the hydrogen production potential and the enthusiasm of users are fully excavated, and the utilization of the clean energy of the hydrogen energy and the methane energy is promoted. By alternately performing power generation and electrolysis of the reversible fuel cell, the flowing gas is alternately reversed, and the possibility of carbon deposition is avoided.
The hydrogen, methane and carbon monoxide produced by the reversible fuel cell of the system can be injected into a natural gas pipeline through a gas injection station to improve the injection amount of the hydrogen so as to improve the power for producing gas by using electric power, the hydrogen produced by the reversible fuel cell can also be directly connected with a hydrogenation station through a hydrogen conveying pipeline to supplement the gas of the hydrogenation station, or the hydrogen can be stored through a small hydrogen storage tank, when the load is low, the local electric heating load is completely supplied by a power grid, meanwhile, reverse voltage is applied to the reversible fuel cell to convert the reversible fuel cell into a high-temperature electrolytic cell, the purchased electric energy is used for electrolyzing high-temperature steam and carbon dioxide to generate a product which is composite gas consisting of the hydrogen, the methane and the carbon monoxide, and the three are simultaneously conveyed outwards; when the load is in a peak, the reversible fuel cell can utilize the composite gas to generate electricity so as to provide electricity and heat load for local users, the part with insufficient supply is purchased and supplemented to the power grid, the surplus electric energy is sold to the power grid, and time-sharing gas-electricity distribution is carried out to form a hydrogen energy transmission cycle chain; the hydrogen, methane and carbon monoxide composite gas produced by the reversible fuel cell can be directly used as power generation fuel. The hydrogen storage and transmission cost is effectively reduced, the power grid-air grid coupling degree is deepened through the bidirectional flow of two energy flows of electricity and gas, and the utilization of clean energy and energy conservation and emission reduction are promoted.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiment(s) of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the invention:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the system of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the drawings and specific embodiments, wherein the exemplary embodiments and descriptions of the present invention are provided to explain the present invention without limiting the invention thereto.
As shown in fig. 1, the gas-power interconnection system based on the reversible fuel cell under the composite gas condition of the present invention includes the reversible fuel cell and a natural gas transportation pipeline connected with the reversible fuel cell through a hydrogen-methane-carbon monoxide transportation pipeline, and the hydrogen station and the hydrogen storage tank are respectively communicated through the hydrogen transportation pipeline. A pressure reduction station is arranged at the upstream of the point of the hydrogen-methane-carbon monoxide conveying pipeline connected with the natural gas conveying pipeline, and the pressure reduction station also comprises a power grid which is communicated with the reversible fuel cell and the natural gas conveying pipeline; the reconstructed composite gas pipeline and downstream users form a natural gas distribution network containing injected hydrogen, methane and carbon monoxide. A loop is formed by the reconstructed composite gas pipeline and the reversible fuel cell; the hydrogen-methane-carbon monoxide conveying pipeline is connected with the natural gas conveying pipeline through a gas injection station.
The reversible fuel cell generates hydrogen by electrolyzing high-temperature water vapor, simultaneously generates methane and carbon monoxide by electrolyzing carbon dioxide and the high-temperature water vapor, generates composite gas consisting of the hydrogen, the methane and the carbon monoxide and transmits the composite gas to the outside, can also generate electricity by utilizing the composite gas, and generates direct current which is connected to a power grid through a DC \ AC converter.
The natural gas conveying pipeline connected with the hydrogen-methane-carbon monoxide conveying pipeline is a reconstructed composite gas pipeline which is connected to a user and used for conveying mixed gas of natural gas and hydrogen, and the mixed gas is provided for other user loads and also provided for the fuel cell system; the reconstructed composite gas pipeline and each downstream user form a natural gas distribution network for injecting hydrogen, methane and carbon monoxide.
The reversible fuel cell is connected to the hydrogen filling station and the hydrogen storage tank through a hydrogen conveying pipeline, and is connected to the gas injection station through a hydrogen-methane-carbon monoxide conveying pipeline.
Reversible fuel cells are used for cogeneration of energy and hydrogen, methane and carbon monoxide.
The pressure reducing station is arranged at the upstream of the gas injection station and is constructed close to the gas injection station, the pressure reducing station is a separation node of the natural gas conveying pipeline and the reconstructed composite gas pipeline, and the upstream of the pressure reducing station is connected with the natural gas conveying pipeline and is used for reducing the pressure intensity in the natural gas conveying pipeline, preventing the mixed gas after the composite gas is injected from flowing back to the high-pressure natural gas conveying pipeline and providing a medium-pressure environment and a low-pressure environment necessary for the composite gas injection.
The reversible high-temperature fuel cell adopts a set of device to realize power generation and gas generation, can directly use the composite gas to generate power, and carries out cogeneration power supply and heating during the load peak period, and the redundant electric energy is transmitted to a power grid; applying reverse voltage to the fuel cell by utilizing the electric energy of the power grid in the load valley period to convert the fuel cell into an electrolytic cell, converting high-temperature water vapor into hydrogen for sale or storage, and converting carbon dioxide and the high-temperature water vapor into methane and carbon monoxide for use; most hydrogen and methane produced by the reversible high-temperature fuel cell are sent into a gas injection station through a hydrogen conveying pipeline or a methane conveying pipeline to be injected into a natural gas pipeline, and other hydrogen is directly connected with a hydrogenation station nearby through a short-distance hydrogen conveying pipeline to supplement the gas of the hydrogenation station and also can be stored through a small hydrogen storage tank to be used during a load peak.
The natural gas distribution network injected with hydrogen, methane and carbon monoxide depends on the existing basic facilities and pipelines, hydrogen in the reconstructed composite gas pipeline is injected and mixed in a proportion of less than 17%, and the gas pressure at any position is smaller than the gas pressure in the natural gas conveying pipeline, and the specific constraint on the mixed gas at any position in the reconstructed composite gas distribution pipeline is as follows:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
reconstructing the hydrogen content in the composite gas pipeline at the time t;
reconstructing the content of natural gas flowing through the composite gas pipeline at unit time at t time;
reconstructing the content of methane flowing through the composite gas pipeline at the t moment in unit moment;
reconstructing the content of carbon monoxide flowing through the composite gas pipeline at unit time at the time t;
respectively reconstructing the air pressure in the composite gas pipeline and the natural gas conveying pipeline; k is a radical ofmIs a safety margin.
When the load is in the valley, the local electric heating load is completely supplied by a power grid, meanwhile, reverse voltage is applied to the reversible fuel cell to convert the reversible fuel cell into a high-temperature electrolytic cell, purchased electric energy is used for electrolyzing high-temperature steam and carbon dioxide to generate a product which is a composite gas consisting of hydrogen, methane and carbon monoxide, and the three are simultaneously conveyed outwards; when the load is high, the reversible fuel cell can utilize the composite gas generated in the load valley period to generate electricity so as to provide electricity and heat load for local users, the insufficient part is bought and supplemented to the power grid, the surplus electric energy is sold to the power grid, time-sharing gas-electricity distribution is carried out, a hydrogen energy transmission circulation chain is formed, the hydrogen storage and transmission cost is effectively reduced, the power grid-gas grid coupling degree is deepened through the bidirectional flow of two energy flows of electricity and gas, and the utilization of clean energy and the energy conservation and emission reduction are promoted.
The output gas of the reversible fuel cell is hydrogen, methane and carbon monoxide, and the output hydrogen can be divided into three parts for processing:
a first part which is transported to a gas injection station through a hydrogen-methane-carbon monoxide transportation pipeline, and hydrogen is injected into a natural gas pipeline by the gas injection station; the second part is conveyed to a hydrogenation station through a hydrogen conveying pipeline for filling gas into the hydrogen energy automobile; a third part, stored by a small-sized hydrogen storage tank; the output methane and carbon monoxide are injected into the natural gas pipeline through a hydrogen-methane-carbon monoxide conveying pipeline.
The reversible fuel cell inputs fuel gas for supplying a local thermoelectric load, the input fuel gas being divided into two parts:
a first part of purified hydrogen gas input from a hydrogen storage tank; and the second part is a composite gas mixed fuel input by a reconstructed composite gas pipeline.
The gas injection station is used for pressurizing hydrogen, methane and carbon monoxide generated by the electrolysis of the reversible fuel cell and then injecting the pressurized hydrogen, methane and carbon monoxide into the natural gas pipeline to form a reconstructed composite gas pipeline, and is used for supplying composite gas fuel gas to various downstream users and the fuel cell system so as to use the composite gas for cogeneration energy supply at the load peak, thereby forming a clean energy transmission cycle chain.
The present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments, and based on the technical solutions disclosed in the present invention, those skilled in the art can make some substitutions and modifications to some technical features without creative efforts according to the disclosed technical contents, and these substitutions and modifications are all within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A gas-electric power interconnection system based on a reversible fuel cell under a composite gas condition, comprising:
the reversible fuel cell is used for injecting the generated hydrogen, methane and carbon monoxide into a natural gas pipeline through a gas injection station so as to improve the injection amount of the hydrogen and further improve the power of generating gas by using electric power;
the hydrogen station is directly connected with the hydrogen produced by the reversible fuel cell through a hydrogen conveying pipeline to supplement the gas of the hydrogen station;
the hydrogen storage tank is stored by the small hydrogen storage tank and is used during the local load peak;
the natural gas distribution network comprises a gas injection station and a user which are communicated through a reconstructed composite gas pipeline, and the natural gas distribution network containing hydrogen, methane and carbon monoxide for injection is formed;
injecting and mixing hydrogen in the reconstructed composite gas pipeline in a proportion of less than 17%, wherein the gas pressure at any position is less than the gas pressure in the natural gas conveying pipeline;
the specific constraints on any one of the mixed gases in the restructured composite gas distribution pipe are as follows:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
reconstructing the hydrogen content in the composite gas pipeline at the time t;
reconstructing the content of natural gas flowing through the composite gas pipeline at unit time at t time;
reconstructing the content of methane flowing through the composite gas pipeline at the t moment in unit moment;
reconstructing the content of carbon monoxide flowing through the composite gas pipeline at unit time at the time t;
respectively reconstructing the air pressure in the composite gas pipeline and the natural gas conveying pipeline; k is a radical ofmIs a safety margin.
2. The gas-power interconnection system based on the reversible fuel cell under the composite gas condition as claimed in claim 1, wherein a pressure reduction station is arranged upstream of the natural gas transmission pipeline.
3. The gas-power interconnection system based on the reversible fuel cell under the composite gas condition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the reversible fuel cell is connected with a natural gas transportation pipeline through a hydrogen-methane-carbon monoxide transportation pipeline, and the hydrogen-methane-carbon monoxide transportation pipeline is communicated with the natural gas transportation pipeline through a gas injection station.
4. The gas-electric power interconnection system based on reversible fuel cells under complex gas conditions, as claimed in claim 1, wherein the reversible fuel cells are connected to the grid.
5. The gas-power interconnection system based on the reversible fuel cell under the composite gas condition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the reversible fuel cell is respectively communicated with the hydrogen filling station and the hydrogen storage tank through a hydrogen pipeline.
6. The gas-power interconnection system based on the reversible fuel cell under the composite gas condition as claimed in claim 5, wherein the fuel cell is transformed into the electrolytic cell by applying a reverse voltage to the fuel cell by using the electric energy of the power grid during the load valley period, so that the composite gas composed of hydrogen, methane and carbon monoxide can be generated by using the high-temperature steam and carbon dioxide by using the electric energy during the load valley period; the reversible fuel cell can generate electricity by using a composite gas consisting of hydrogen, methane and carbon monoxide during the load peak period, supply power and heat in a cogeneration mode, and transmit redundant electric energy to a power grid.
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