CN109406370B - Tunnel segment or surrounding rock lining permeability coefficient testing system and testing method - Google Patents
Tunnel segment or surrounding rock lining permeability coefficient testing system and testing method Download PDFInfo
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- CN109406370B CN109406370B CN201811529917.5A CN201811529917A CN109406370B CN 109406370 B CN109406370 B CN 109406370B CN 201811529917 A CN201811529917 A CN 201811529917A CN 109406370 B CN109406370 B CN 109406370B
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- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 72
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 60
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 240000005702 Galium aparine Species 0.000 description 2
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 230000009172 bursting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012466 permeate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/08—Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface area of porous materials
- G01N15/082—Investigating permeability by forcing a fluid through a sample
- G01N15/0826—Investigating permeability by forcing a fluid through a sample and measuring fluid flow rate, i.e. permeation rate or pressure change
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- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Investigation Of Foundation Soil And Reinforcement Of Foundation Soil By Compacting Or Drainage (AREA)
- Examining Or Testing Airtightness (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a system and a method for testing the permeability coefficient of tunnel duct pieces or surrounding rock lining, wherein the permeability coefficient testing system comprises a gas storage container, a valve and a testing device, the gas storage container is provided with a gas storage cavity and a gas inlet, the gas storage container is provided with a gas inlet pipe, the bottom end of the gas inlet pipe extends into the gas storage cavity, and the top end of the gas inlet pipe extends out of the gas storage cavity; the testing device is provided with an air chamber for receiving air, and is connected with the air storage container through a valve to receive the air flowing out of the air storage cavity; the measuring device comprises a supporting shaft with external threads at the end part, a hollow sleeve with external threads at the end part, a hollow smooth sleeve and a rubber ring; the support shaft is axially sleeved with a hollow smooth sleeve and a rubber ring in sequence, an air groove is formed in the hollow smooth sleeve along the axial direction, the hollow smooth sleeve is divided into a test section and a sealing section, and external threads are arranged between the test section and the sealing section. The invention adopts rubber at two ends to seal the measuring section, thereby improving the measuring precision.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a geotechnical engineering technology, in particular to a system and a method for testing permeability coefficient of tunnel segment or surrounding rock lining.
Background
The mountain areas in China are widely distributed, and along with the spreading of expressway networks and railway networks in the whole country, the importance and the urgency of tunnel engineering development are gradually highlighted, and the mountain areas are particularly extended to the western areas where the mountain areas are dense. The permeability coefficient of the tunnel shield segment or surrounding rock lining has a significant influence on engineering safety. In the traditional measurement method of permeability coefficient in China, an indoor test measurement or an on-site air extraction method is often adopted, the timeliness of the indoor test measurement is poor, and the air extraction method has a plurality of problems, such as a vacuum extraction method with pressure difference smaller than 0.1MPa and a vacuum extraction measurement with Klinken-berg effect, the method comprises two aspects, namely, firstly, the low-speed seepage characteristic of gas in a rock pore medium is different from that of liquid, and the flow velocity of gas molecules is not obviously different at the center and the wall of a pore canal; second, when the pressure is extremely low, the mean free path of the gas molecules reaches the cell size, and the gas molecules can freely fly without being collided, for which reason the apparent permeability increases. It is known that the air extraction method is higher in permeability than the actual permeability, and the vacuumizing needs to consider many factors such as water content, in addition, in the similar permeability coefficient measuring method, the rubber ring is only arranged at the entrance of the hole (the position close to the hole is only provided with the rubber ring near the opening end of the hole, and the bottom end of the hole is not treated) on the pipe piece or the concrete, so that the measured data is inaccurate due to the uneven end.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a system and a method for testing the permeability coefficient of a tunnel segment or surrounding rock lining. The invention adopts the design of the rubber sealing measuring sections at the two ends, and solves the problem of lower measuring precision of the permeability coefficient of the tunnel supporting structure such as shield segments and surrounding rock lining caused by the rugged end parts.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the system for testing the permeability coefficient of the tunnel duct piece or the surrounding rock lining comprises a gas storage container, a valve and a testing device, wherein the gas storage container is provided with a gas storage cavity and a gas inlet, the gas storage container is provided with a gas inlet pipe, the bottom end of the gas inlet pipe extends into the gas storage cavity, and the top end of the gas inlet pipe extends out of the gas storage cavity; the testing device is provided with an air chamber for receiving air, and is connected with the air storage container through a valve to receive the air flowing out of the air storage cavity; it is characterized in that the method comprises the steps of,
the testing device comprises a supporting shaft with external threads at the end part, a hollow sleeve with external threads at the end part, a hollow smooth sleeve and a rubber ring; the support shaft is axially sleeved with a hollow smooth sleeve and a rubber ring in sequence, an air groove is formed in the hollow smooth sleeve along the axial direction, the hollow smooth sleeve is divided into a test section and a sealing section, external threads are arranged between the test section and the sealing section, an air groove air inlet is reserved on the sealing section, the hollow sleeve with the external threads at the end is sleeved with the hollow sleeve, and the air groove air inlet is connected with an air outlet of an air storage container through a corresponding air pipe; the length of the hollow smooth sleeve is smaller than that of the supporting shaft, one end of the hollow smooth sleeve is fixed with the supporting shaft through a rubber ring and bolts, the other end of the hollow smooth sleeve is directly fixed with the supporting shaft through bolts, and gaskets are arranged on two sides of the rubber ring; the outer surface of the hollow sleeve with the external thread at the end part is also sleeved with a rubber ring, and the two sides of the rubber ring sleeved on the hollow sleeve with the external thread at the end part are also used for sealing and fixing the hollow sleeve with the external thread at the end part and the hollow smooth sleeve through gaskets and bolts.
The method for testing the permeability coefficient of the tunnel segment or surrounding rock lining adopts the testing system, and comprises the following steps:
1) The measuring holes are preset, the caliber is constructed on the surrounding rock or the duct piece of the tunnel, and the caliber size can allow the test device to enter;
2) The gas storage container, the valve and the testing device are communicated, the testing device is placed in the measuring hole arranged in the step 1), the bolt is fixed, dry air or nitrogen is filled in the gas tank gas inlet of the hollow smooth sleeve, and pressure gas flows of 12MPa, 9MPa, 6MPa and 3MPa are respectively provided;
3) Measuring parameters to obtain permeability coefficients: the gas storage container provides different initial air pressures, the air pressure is reduced in shield segments or surrounding rock lining concrete due to permeation, the curve relation between the pressure p and the time t is observed, and the air permeability coefficient of the sample is obtained through Darcy's law.
Compared with the prior art, the method solves the problem of lower measurement precision of the permeability coefficient of tunnel supporting structures such as shield segments and surrounding rock lining concrete caused by uneven end parts, and has the following advantages:
1. the measurement accuracy of the permeability coefficient of the tunnel duct piece or surrounding rock lining concrete can be effectively improved;
2. the air guide system (air storage container) provides stable air flow with constant initial air pressure, is easy to observe, is convenient to control and operate, measures for multiple times, and has more accurate test results.
The permeability coefficient test system has compact and complete integral structure, the structure of the rubber sealing measuring sections at the two ends can effectively improve the distance control precision, and the problem that the measured data is inaccurate due to uneven tail ends of holes caused by the fact that the rubber rings are only arranged at the topmost ends of the holes preset by duct pieces or concrete in the traditional test instrument is solved. The air guide system is convenient for realizing the function of stable output of air pressure, is easy to observe, is convenient to control and operate, and enables the test result to be more accurate. Meanwhile, the permeability coefficient of the tunnel segment or surrounding rock lining can be used for more accurately guiding engineering safety.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of cylindrical permeation;
FIG. 2 is an intrinsic permeability coefficient k int Schematic diagram of coordinate axis with 1/P;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the tunnel segment or surrounding rock lining permeability coefficient testing system of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional structure of a testing device in the tunnel segment or surrounding rock lining permeability coefficient testing system of the invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a front view structure of a solid steel core 9 with external threads at the end part in the tunnel segment or surrounding rock lining permeability coefficient test system according to the present invention;
fig. 6 (a) is a schematic diagram of a front view of a hollow steel sleeve 10 with external threads at the end in the system for testing permeability coefficient of tunnel segment or surrounding rock lining according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 (b) is a schematic cross-sectional view of the C-C plane of FIG. 6 (a);
fig. 7 (a) is a schematic diagram of a front view structure of a hollow smooth sleeve 11 in the tunnel segment or surrounding rock lining permeability coefficient test system according to the present invention;
FIG. 7 (b) is a schematic cross-sectional view of the plane A-A of FIG. 7 (a);
FIG. 7 (c) is a schematic cross-sectional view of the B-B surface of FIG. 7 (a);
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of the coordinate axes of pressure and time t;
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of an installation test scenario of the tunnel segment or surrounding rock lining permeability coefficient test system of the present invention;
in the figure, 1 a gas storage container; 2 a pressure gauge; 3, an air storage cavity; 4, an air inlet; 5, a valve; 6, a bolt; 7, a rubber ring; 8, an air groove; a solid steel core with external threads at the end part; a hollow steel sleeve with external threads at the end part; 11 hollow smooth sleeves; a 12 air outlet; 13 testing device.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to the drawings and examples.
The invention relates to a tunnel segment or surrounding rock lining permeability coefficient testing system (see figure 3), which comprises a gas storage container 1, a valve 5 and a testing device 13, wherein the gas storage container is provided with a gas storage cavity 3 and a gas inlet 4, the gas storage container is provided with a gas inlet pipe, the bottom end of the gas inlet pipe extends into the gas storage cavity 3, and the top end of the gas inlet pipe extends out of the gas storage cavity; the testing device is provided with an air chamber for receiving air, and the testing device 13 is connected with the air storage container 1 through a valve 5 to receive the air flowing out of the air storage cavity 3; namely, an air outlet at the upper part of the air storage cavity is connected with an air groove part of the testing device through a pipeline and a valve 5;
the testing device (see fig. 3 and 4) consists of a solid steel core 9 with external threads at the end part, a hollow steel sleeve 10 with external threads at the end part, a hollow smooth sleeve 11, a rubber ring 7, a bolt and a gasket; the solid steel core 9 with external threads at the end part is a main trunk of the structure, and the two ends of the solid steel core are fixed with the whole testing device by bolts; the method comprises the steps that one end of a solid steel core 9 with external threads at the end part of one side, connected with the gas storage container 1, of a fixed gas tank is defined as the top end, and the other end of the solid steel core 9 with external threads at the end part is defined as the bottom end; the solid steel core 9 with external threads at the end part is axially sleeved with the hollow smooth sleeve 11 and the rubber ring 7 in sequence, the hollow smooth sleeve is axially provided with the air groove 8, the hollow smooth sleeve is divided into a test section and a sealing section, external threads are arranged between the test section and the sealing section, a fixed ring (see fig. 7 (a) -7 (c)) is arranged on the external threads and used for connecting the hollow steel sleeve, an air groove air inlet is reserved on the sealing section, and the hollow steel sleeve 10 with external threads at the end part is sleeved with the air groove air inlet, and the air groove air inlet is connected with an air outlet of the air storage container through a corresponding air pipe; the length of the hollow smooth sleeve is smaller than that of a solid steel core with external threads at the end part, one end cylinder of the hollow smooth sleeve is fixed with the solid steel core 9 through a rubber ring 7 and bolts, the other end of the hollow smooth sleeve is directly fixed with the solid steel core 9 through bolts, and gaskets are arranged at two sides of the rubber ring; the outer surface of the hollow steel sleeve 10 with the external threads at the end is also sleeved with a rubber ring 7, and the two sides of the rubber ring sleeved on the hollow steel sleeve 10 with the external threads at the end are also used for sealing and fixing the hollow steel sleeve 10 with the external threads at the end and the hollow smooth sleeve 11 through gaskets and bolts. Two rubber rings can be used to enclose the test section.
The length of the test section is 30cm, and the length of the hollow steel sleeve 10 with the external threads at the end part is 55cm; the length of the air groove 8 is 91cm, and the length of the solid steel core 9 with the external thread at the end part is 160cm; the length of the hollow smooth sleeve 11 is 91cm, and the length of the air inlet of the air tank is 5cm; the rubber ring 7 attached to the solid steel core 9 with external threads at the end is 50cm long and the rubber ring on the sleeve 10 is 40cm long.
According to the invention, the solid steel core 9 with the external threads at the end part is used as a supporting shaft, and the hollow steel sleeve with the external threads at the end part is made of steel materials, so that the integral strength of the device is ensured.
The invention provides a stable air flow with certain air pressure for a gas storage container, wherein the air storage container is used for measuring air pressure, regulating outlet pressure, observing pressure curve and time relation, and obtaining the air permeability coefficient of a sample by using an air pressure permeability test method and using the axisymmetry of the smooth surface to measure the permeability coefficient and the Darcy law (formula 6). The specific calculation process is as follows, according to one-dimensional Darcy's law:
for incompressible fluids, k=k int ，k int For intrinsic permeability, in the calculation of permeability taking the Kleber effect into consideration, formula (1) is
I.e.
The above formula is the existing formula (from Identification of residual gas-transport properties of concrete subjected to high temperatures, matthias Zeiml, cement Concrete Research). Wherein k is int Is the intrinsic permeability coefficient, b is the Kleber coefficient, k is the porous medium permeability, Q is the flow, p is the gas pressure, A is the cross-sectional area, eta is the gas viscosity,is the pressure gradient in Pa/m.
The invention aims to solve k int Currently known is to divide k int All parameters except b, and k int By measuring a plurality of different air pressure values, a plurality of groups of similar b and k can be obtained int Finally obtaining the permeability coefficient k of the segment or surrounding rock lining concrete by average value int . The calculation process is to draw the measured values on a graph (see fig. 2), and the ordinate represents k int Exponentially distributed, with an abscissa of 1/p, the image is typically a fitted line, such that the image is aligned with the ordinate axis k int There are intersections, which are finally taken as true intrinsic permeability coefficients, and the final value takes the average of a plurality of measurements.
By adopting the permeability coefficient testing system, the annular permeability performance is tested by utilizing a smooth wall surface formed after drilling holes (the holes are measurement holes preset in an object to be tested) according to the structural form of tunnel shield segments or surrounding rock linings in underground engineering through an air pressure permeability test method, and the permeability coefficient and Kai Lin Jishu under different air pressure conditions are determined (Klinkenberg factor).
The invention also provides a method for testing the permeability coefficient of the tunnel segment or surrounding rock lining, which adopts the testing system and comprises the following steps:
1) The measuring holes are preset, and the caliber (not less than 30 cm) is constructed on the surrounding rock or the duct piece of the tunnel, and the caliber size can allow the test device to enter;
2) The gas storage container 1, the valve 5 and the testing device 13 are communicated, the testing device 13 is placed in the measuring hole arranged in the step 1), the bolt 6 is fixed, dry air or nitrogen is filled in the gas tank gas inlet of the hollow smooth sleeve 11, and pressure gas flows of 12MPa, 9MPa, 6MPa and 3MPa are respectively provided;
3) Measuring parameters to obtain permeability coefficients: the gas storage container 1 provides different initial gas pressures, the gas pressure is reduced due to permeation in shield segments or surrounding rock lining concrete, the relation between the pressure p and a time t curve (see fig. 8) is observed, and the gas permeation coefficient of the sample is obtained through Darcy's law.
After a new Olympic tunnel is constructed and a second liner is poured, the second liner is cured for a period of 28 days, and in order to obtain the permeability coefficient of the tunnel liner, the system and the method of the invention are adopted to carry out field detection, as shown in figure 9. Firstly, selecting different air pressures for testing on each lining drilling hole by using a testing device, and finally obtaining air permeability coefficients according to a plurality of groups of testing results, wherein the obtaining of the air permeability coefficients has remarkable significance for analyzing tunnel durability, fire resistance and bursting resistance and judging chloride ion erosion progress.
The invention adopts the measuring section sealed by double-sided rubber, so that the gas with pressure fully permeates in the measured material, and the gas permeability coefficient of the sample is obtained through Darcy's law by observing the relation between the pressure curve and time, so that the measuring result is more accurate.
The invention is applicable to the prior art where it is not described.
Claims (5)
1. The system for testing the permeability coefficient of the tunnel duct piece or the surrounding rock lining comprises a gas storage container, a valve and a testing device, wherein the gas storage container is provided with a gas storage cavity and a gas inlet, the gas storage container is provided with a gas inlet pipe, the bottom end of the gas inlet pipe extends into the gas storage cavity, and the top end of the gas inlet pipe extends out of the gas storage cavity; the testing device is provided with an air chamber for receiving air, and is connected with the air storage container through a valve to receive the air flowing out of the air storage cavity; it is characterized in that the method comprises the steps of,
the testing device comprises a supporting shaft with external threads at the end part, a hollow sleeve with external threads at the end part, a hollow smooth sleeve and a rubber ring; the support shaft is axially sleeved with a hollow smooth sleeve and a rubber ring in sequence, an air groove is formed in the hollow smooth sleeve along the axial direction, the hollow smooth sleeve is divided into a test section and a sealing section, external threads are arranged between the test section and the sealing section, an air groove air inlet is reserved on the sealing section, the hollow sleeve with the external threads at the end is sleeved with the hollow sleeve, and the air groove air inlet is connected with an air outlet of an air storage container through a corresponding air pipe; the length of the hollow smooth sleeve is smaller than that of the supporting shaft, one end of the hollow smooth sleeve is fixed with the supporting shaft through a rubber ring and bolts, the other end of the hollow smooth sleeve is directly fixed with the supporting shaft through bolts, and gaskets are arranged on two sides of the rubber ring; the outer surface of the hollow sleeve with the external thread at the end part is also sleeved with a rubber ring, and the two sides of the rubber ring sleeved on the hollow sleeve with the external thread at the end part are also used for sealing and fixing the hollow sleeve with the external thread at the end part and the hollow smooth sleeve through gaskets and bolts.
2. The tunnel segment or surrounding rock lining permeability coefficient testing system according to claim 1, wherein the length of the testing segment is 30cm, and the length of the hollow sleeve with the external thread at the end is 55cm; the length of the air groove is 91cm, and the length of the supporting shaft is 160cm; the length of the air inlet of the air tank is 5cm; the rubber ring connected to the support shaft is 50cm long.
3. The tunnel segment or surrounding rock lining permeability coefficient testing system according to claim 1, wherein the support shaft is a solid steel core, and the hollow sleeve is made of steel materials.
4. A method for testing permeability coefficient of tunnel segment or surrounding rock lining, which adopts the testing system of any one of claims 1-3, and comprises the following steps:
1) The measuring holes are preset, the caliber is constructed on the surrounding rock or the duct piece of the tunnel, and the caliber size can allow the test device to enter;
2) The gas storage container, the valve and the testing device are communicated, the testing device is placed in the measuring hole arranged in the step 1), the bolt is fixed, dry air or nitrogen is filled in the gas tank gas inlet of the hollow smooth sleeve, and pressure gas flows of 12MPa, 9MPa, 6MPa and 3MPa are respectively provided;
3) Measuring parameters to obtain permeability coefficients: the gas storage container provides different initial air pressures, the air pressure is reduced in shield segments or surrounding rock lining concrete due to permeation, the curve relation between the pressure p and the time t is observed, and the air permeability coefficient of the sample is obtained through Darcy's law.
5. The test method according to claim 4, wherein the diameter of the construction caliber is not less than 30cm.
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| CN201811529917.5A CN109406370B (en) | 2018-12-14 | 2018-12-14 | Tunnel segment or surrounding rock lining permeability coefficient testing system and testing method |
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| CN111551381B (en) * | 2020-05-11 | 2022-09-27 | 厦门理工学院 | Method and system for analyzing water leakage of tunnel |
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2018
- 2018-12-14 CN CN201811529917.5A patent/CN109406370B/en active Active
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