CN109403556B - Shaping phase-change and embedded pipe type ventilation roof - Google Patents
Shaping phase-change and embedded pipe type ventilation roof Download PDFInfo
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- CN109403556B CN109403556B CN201811068101.7A CN201811068101A CN109403556B CN 109403556 B CN109403556 B CN 109403556B CN 201811068101 A CN201811068101 A CN 201811068101A CN 109403556 B CN109403556 B CN 109403556B
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- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
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- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 49
- 239000011178 precast concrete Substances 0.000 claims description 27
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Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04D—ROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
- E04D13/00—Special arrangements or devices in connection with roof coverings; Protection against birds; Roof drainage; Sky-lights
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04D—ROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
- E04D11/00—Roof covering, as far as not restricted to features covered by only one of groups E04D1/00 - E04D9/00; Roof covering in ways not provided for by groups E04D1/00 - E04D9/00, e.g. built-up roofs, elevated load-supporting roof coverings
- E04D11/02—Build-up roofs, i.e. consisting of two or more layers bonded together in situ, at least one of the layers being of watertight composition
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04D—ROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
- E04D13/00—Special arrangements or devices in connection with roof coverings; Protection against birds; Roof drainage; Sky-lights
- E04D13/17—Ventilation of roof coverings not otherwise provided for
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
- F24F11/70—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof
- F24F11/72—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof for controlling the supply of treated air, e.g. its pressure
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
- F24F11/89—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F13/00—Details common to, or for air-conditioning, air-humidification, ventilation or use of air currents for screening
- F24F13/02—Ducting arrangements
- F24F13/0227—Ducting arrangements using parts of the building, e.g. air ducts inside the floor, walls or ceiling of a building
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F13/00—Details common to, or for air-conditioning, air-humidification, ventilation or use of air currents for screening
- F24F13/08—Air-flow control members, e.g. louvres, grilles, flaps or guide plates
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F13/00—Details common to, or for air-conditioning, air-humidification, ventilation or use of air currents for screening
- F24F13/28—Arrangement or mounting of filters
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F5/00—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater
- F24F5/0007—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater cooling apparatus specially adapted for use in air-conditioning
- F24F5/0017—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater cooling apparatus specially adapted for use in air-conditioning using cold storage bodies, e.g. ice
- F24F5/0021—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater cooling apparatus specially adapted for use in air-conditioning using cold storage bodies, e.g. ice using phase change material [PCM] for storage
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F2110/00—Control inputs relating to air properties
- F24F2110/10—Temperature
- F24F2110/12—Temperature of the outside air
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A30/00—Adapting or protecting infrastructure or their operation
- Y02A30/27—Relating to heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC] technologies
- Y02A30/272—Solar heating or cooling
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
- Y02B10/20—Solar thermal
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/14—Thermal energy storage
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of building energy conservation, and discloses a shaping phase-change and embedded tubular ventilation roof, and provides phase-change layer thickness, phase-change temperature range and ventilation strategy applicable to different areas; the roof comprises a roof layer with a phase change material layer and an embedded pipe type ventilating duct, and an air inlet and an air outlet, wherein the air inlet is provided with an electric air valve and a fan, the fan is used for conveying outdoor air to the ventilating duct, and the electric air valve is used for switching the state that the outdoor air is communicated with the embedded pipe type ventilating duct and is not communicated with the embedded pipe type ventilating duct. Compared with the traditional roofing system, the invention can effectively solve the problems of effective heat insulation in summer and effective heat removal at night, and can utilize cold air at night to store cold, thereby realizing the roofing structure with near zero energy consumption in summer. Compared with the existing similar phase-change ventilation bricks, the phase-change ventilation roof realizes optimal heat insulation performance in different climatic regions through improvement of the roof structure, design of thermal physical properties of phase-change materials and optimization of ventilation strategies.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of building energy conservation, and particularly relates to a shaping phase-change and embedded pipe type ventilation roof which can greatly reduce solar radiation heat entering a room through a roof in summer and store ventilation cooling capacity at night, thereby improving indoor heat environment and reducing air conditioner cooling load.
Background
The total energy consumption of the buildings in China rises year by year, the proportion of the total energy consumption is increased from 10% in 1978 to 33% in 2016, wherein the energy consumption for heating ventilation and air conditioning reaches about 65% of the total energy consumption of the buildings, and the invention has a great application prospect in the technology capable of improving the thermal comfort of indoor personnel and reducing the peak load and energy consumption of the air conditioner. The air conditioner cooling load mainly comprises an enclosure structure, air permeation and indoor heat disturbance, wherein the enclosure structure has the highest controllability, the heat preservation and heat insulation performance is the most effective way for reducing the cooling capacity of a building, the heat transfer capacity of the roof is always larger than that of any external wall due to direct solar radiation, the outdoor air comprehensive temperature acting on the roof in summer can reach more than 60 ℃ in northern areas of China, the highest outdoor air comprehensive temperature acting on the roof in south areas can reach more than 70 ℃, the air conditioner load is huge due to the high roof surface temperature, the internal surface temperature is overhigh, and the indoor heat comfort is influenced, so the improvement of the heat insulation performance of the roof is vital to reduce the air conditioner energy consumption and improve the indoor heat comfort.
The existing roofing energy-saving technology mostly takes reducing heat transfer coefficient as a main mechanism, and the heat resistance is effectively increased and the temperature difference heat transfer is reduced by adding a light heat-insulating material, but the method has small heat storage capacity and is difficult to effectively attenuate outdoor temperature waves. The heavy structure can effectively attenuate outdoor temperature waves, but has large heat conductivity coefficient and poor temperature difference control capability, and the bearing load is required to be increased. The phase-change roof also has the limitation that the pure phase-change roof can prevent the temperature of the inner surface of the roof from being too high by melting and absorbing solar radiation in the daytime, but when the phase-change material is solidified and releases heat at night, part of heat stored in the daytime is directly transferred into a room without reservation, so that the energy consumption of an air conditioner is increased and the indoor thermal comfort is reduced.
Aiming at the current situation, a novel energy-saving roof is developed, the heat transfer characteristic and the energy-saving potential of the structure are researched, the effective heat insulation of the roof in summer all the day is realized, the important practical significance is realized for building energy conservation, and the energy-saving roof is also an urgent need for building a resource-saving and environment-friendly society.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above-mentioned drawbacks or improvement demands of the prior art, an object of the present invention is to provide a shaped phase-change and embedded pipe type ventilation roofing, in which, by adding a shaped phase-change material layer and ventilation pipes in a roofing system, the arrangement mode of each key component in the system, the connection relation between each other, the corresponding operation mode, etc. are designed, and on the basis of utilizing the heat storage characteristics of the phase-change material, greatly reducing the solar radiation heating through the roof, the ventilation pipes are selectively ventilated by electric air valves, etc. such as night ventilation, etc., the heat released by the phase-change material at night can be prevented from being transferred to the room, and the cold energy of cool air at night can be fully utilized to cool the concrete roofing and the phase-change material, so that the temperature of the inner surface of the roofing can be maintained at a lower level throughout the day in summer, thereby reducing the peak load of air conditioning and the total load throughout the day of the top room, so as to reduce the type selection of air conditioning equipment, save the initial investment, and save the energy consumption of air conditioning. Compared with the traditional roofing system, the invention can effectively solve the problems of effective heat insulation in summer and effective heat removal at night, can store cold at night, and realizes a roofing structure with near zero energy consumption in summer. In addition, the invention also provides a corresponding phase-change temperature range, a phase-change layer thickness and a ventilation strategy according to the characteristics of different climatic regions, and compared with the phase-change ventilation bricks and phase-change roofs in the prior art, the invention utilizes the comprehensive effects of the improvement of the roof structure, the design of the thermal physical properties of the phase-change materials, the optimization of the ventilation strategy and the like to specifically control the roof, so that the shaped phase-change ventilation roof and the embedded tubular ventilation roof can realize optimal heat storage performance in different climatic regions.
In order to achieve the above object, according to the present invention, there is provided a shaped phase-change and embedded pipe type ventilation roof, which is characterized by comprising a roof layer having a phase-change material layer (9) and an embedded pipe type ventilation pipe (6), and an air inlet and an air outlet on the roof layer, wherein the phase-change material layer (9) is located above the embedded pipe type ventilation pipe (6), and the phase-change material layer (9) is used for absorbing heat and changing phase or releasing heat by phase change;
the air intake with the one end of air outlet all sets up in outdoor, the other end all be used for with embedded tubular air pipe (6) link to each other, be provided with electronic blast gate (3) and fan (4) on the air intake, also be provided with electronic blast gate (3) on the air outlet, fan (4) are used for to embedded tubular air pipe (6) carry outdoor air, electronic blast gate (3) are used for switching the air intake with the outside air of the position that the air outlet is located with embedded tubular air pipe (6) intercommunication and the state of non-intercommunication, thereby switch whether outside air gets into the state of embedded tubular air pipe (6).
As a further preferred aspect of the invention, the phase change material layer (9) is in particular a paraffin phase change material layer having a latent heat of phase change satisfying 200-250kJ/kg, which is set in a high density polyethylene support material; and, when the outdoors belongs to a gentle area, the phase change material layer (9) has a phase change temperature of 29 to 31 ℃; when the outdoor environment belongs to a summer and winter warm area, the phase change temperature of the phase change material layer (9) is 34-36 ℃; when the outdoor environment belongs to a summer hot and winter cold region, the phase change temperature of the phase change material layer (9) is 36-38 ℃; when the outdoor area belongs to a cold area, the phase change material layer (9) has a phase change temperature of 34 to 36 ℃; when the outdoor area is a severe cold area, the phase change material layer (9) has a phase change temperature of 31 to 33 ℃.
As a further preferred aspect of the invention, the phase change material layer (9) has a thickness of 25mm when the outdoors belongs to a gentle area; when the outdoor space belongs to a summer and winter warm area, the thickness of the phase change material layer (9) is 30mm; when the outdoor environment belongs to a summer and winter cold area, the thickness of the phase change material layer (9) is 35mm; when the outdoor area belongs to a cold area, the thickness of the phase change material layer (9) is 30mm; when the outdoor area belongs to a severe cold region, the thickness of the phase change material layer (9) is 30mm.
As a further preferred aspect of the present invention, when the outdoor area is a gentle land area, the fan (4) is configured to provide a ventilation speed of 1.8m/s, the start ventilation time of the fan (4) is 6 h to 7h after sunrise time, and the ventilation duration is 16 h to 17h; when the outdoor space belongs to a summer and winter warm area, the fan (4) is used for providing ventilation speed of 2.3m/s, the starting ventilation time of the fan (4) is 14h to 15h after sunrise time, and the ventilation time is 9 h to 11h; when the outdoor area belongs to a summer hot and winter cold area, the fan (4) is used for providing ventilation speed of 2.5m/s, the starting ventilation time of the fan (4) is 16-17 h after sunrise time, and the ventilation time is 6-8 h; when the outdoor area belongs to a cold area, the fan (4) is used for providing a ventilation speed of 2.0m/s, the starting ventilation time of the fan (4) is 13-14 h after sunrise time, and the ventilation time is 11-12 h; when the outdoor area belongs to a severe cold region, the fan (4) is used for providing a ventilation speed of 1.9m/s, the starting ventilation time of the fan (4) is 13-14 h after sunrise time, and the ventilation time is 13-15 h.
As a further preferred aspect of the present invention, the roof layer further comprises a slope finding layer (7), a leveling layer (8), a waterproof layer (10) and a protective layer (11), and the roof layer sequentially comprises the protective layer (11), the waterproof layer (10), the phase change material layer (9), the leveling layer (8), the slope finding layer (7) and the embedded pipe type ventilation pipeline (6) from top to bottom;
the embedded pipe type ventilating duct (6) is an embedded ventilating duct or a cavity of a precast concrete hollow slab.
As a further preferred aspect of the present invention, the shaped phase change and embedded pipe type ventilation roof comprises a plurality of ventilation units, wherein any one ventilation unit comprises one air inlet, one air outlet and a plurality of embedded pipe type ventilation pipes (6); the embedded pipe type ventilating ducts (6) comprise 8-10 circular straight pipe air ducts embedded in the concrete slab, and the radius of any air duct is 40mm; the width of any one ventilation unit is 1m, the length is 7-11m, and the circular straight pipe air channels are connected in parallel and/or in series, so that a plurality of embedded pipe type ventilation pipelines (6) are formed.
As a further preferred aspect of the present invention, the shaped phase change and embedded pipe type ventilation roof comprises a plurality of ventilation units, wherein any one ventilation unit comprises one air inlet, one air outlet and a plurality of embedded pipe type ventilation pipes (6); the embedded pipe type ventilating ducts (6) are cavities of precast concrete hollow plates and correspond to the cavities of 4 precast concrete hollow plates, and the radius of any one cavity is 40mm; the width of the ventilation unit is 2 times of the width of the single precast concrete hollow slab, and the length of the ventilation unit is 2 times of the length of the single precast concrete hollow slab.
As a further preferred aspect of the present invention, a temperature sensor is further disposed at the bottom of the middle section of the plurality of embedded tubular ventilation ducts (6) of any one of the ventilation units, the temperature sensor being a first temperature sensor (12) for measuring the average temperature of the bottom ends of the plurality of embedded tubular ventilation ducts (6);
a second temperature sensor is arranged in the outdoor area above the shaping phase change and embedded tubular ventilation roof and is used for detecting the temperature of the outdoor air dry bulb; the first temperature sensor (12) and the second temperature sensor are connected with the electric air valve (3) and the fan (4), the electric air valve (3) is switched to a switching state according to the temperature value detected by the first temperature sensor (12) and the second temperature sensor, and the fan (4) is switched to a running state and a non-running state according to the temperature value detected by the first temperature sensor (12) and the second temperature sensor.
As a further preferable mode of the invention, a rainproof shutter (1) and an air filter (2) are further arranged on the air inlet, the rainproof shutter (1) is used for shielding outdoor rainwater, the air filter (2) is used for transiting dust in outdoor air, and the outdoor air is used for entering the embedded tubular ventilation pipeline (6) through the rainproof shutter (1), the air filter (2), the electric air valve (3) and the fan (4) in sequence;
The air outlet is also provided with a rainproof shutter (1) for shielding outdoor rainwater;
the roof layer is internally provided with a plurality of embedded tubular ventilation pipelines (6), the air inlet is further provided with guide vanes (5), the guide vanes (5) are positioned at the rear end of the fan (4), and the guide vanes (5) are matched with the fan (4) to uniformly convey outdoor air into the embedded tubular ventilation pipelines (6).
As a further preferred aspect of the present invention, the air inlet and the air outlet are provided at one end of the outside of the room, and the opening directions of the air inlet and the air outlet are both oriented toward the inside of the roof and parallel to the horizontal plane.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme of the invention has the advantages that the shaping phase-change material layer and the ventilating duct are added in the roof system, so that the obtained roof layer structure is used for enhancing the heat insulation effect of the roof, reducing the peak temperature of the inner surface of the roof and reducing the heat transferred into the room, and simultaneously playing the basic roles of draining, bearing and the like. The invention utilizes the heat storage property of the phase-change material, greatly reduces the solar radiation heat obtained by the roof, and utilizes the electric air valve and the like to selectively ventilate the ventilating pipeline, such as night ventilation and the like, so that the heat released by the phase-change material at night can be prevented from being transferred to the room, the cold energy of cool air at night can be fully utilized to store the cold energy of the concrete roof and the phase-change material, the temperature of the inner surface of the roof can be maintained at a lower level in all days in summer, thereby reducing the peak load and the total load of the air conditioner in the top-layer room, reducing the selection of the air conditioner equipment, saving initial investment and saving the energy consumption of the air conditioner.
The phase change material of the traditional phase change material layer can absorb heat or release heat by utilizing the change of the physical state during phase change in a constant temperature interval, and the heat insulation capacity of a roof can be greatly enhanced. The phase change material is used for manufacturing the shaping plate, the shaping plate is laid on the surface of a roof, solar radiation is absorbed through phase change in the daytime, meanwhile, the temperature of the roof is kept basically constant, the peak value of the temperature of the surface of the roof can be greatly reduced, and the heat transferred into a room is reduced; at night, the outdoor environment temperature is reduced, the phase change material is used for discharging part of outdoor heat absorbed in the daytime outdoors through convection heat exchange with outdoor air and sky long wave radiation heat exchange, part of the outdoor heat is transferred to a concrete floor slab through heat conduction, and after the temperature is reduced to the liquid phase temperature, the phase change material is gradually changed from a liquid state to a solid state. However, during the solidification and heat release of the phase change material, part of the heat is transferred downwards into the room, forming a cooling load. To this problem, with embedded tubular ventilation board, make outdoor cold wind let in hollow slab cavity under fan drive, through with floor convection heat transfer, with roofing heat accumulation and phase transition solidification exothermic discharge outdoor, both strengthened phase change material's solidification exothermic, realized the abundant cold-storage of whole roofing again, effectively improve indoor thermal environment, reduce the air conditioner energy consumption.
The invention can control the switch states of the electric air valve and the fan according to the outdoor temperature and the indoor temperature (especially the temperature inside the roof, such as the average temperature of the bottom end of the embedded pipe type ventilating duct, etc.). For example, when the outdoor temperature is high (such as in summer), the phase change material layer absorbs heat to generate phase change, and the electric air valve and the fan are both in a closed state; when the outdoor temperature is reduced (such as at night in summer), the phase-change material layer can change phase to release heat, and at the moment, the electric air valve and the air blower are in an opened state, so that outdoor cold air can be uniformly introduced into the ventilating duct, and the flowing cold air is utilized to discharge heat released when the phase-change material is solidified from a liquid state to a solid state, so that the heat is prevented from being transferred into a room. When the electric air valves are opened (namely, the outdoor air and the embedded pipe type ventilating duct are in a communication state), and the fan operates, the outdoor air can enter the embedded pipe type ventilating duct through the air inlet and is discharged outdoors through the air outlet after exchanging heat with the wall surface of the pipe. The invention can uniformly introduce cold air into the ventilating duct at night by using the air inlet related components, and discharges heat released when the phase change material is solidified from a liquid state to a solid state by using flowing cold air, thereby avoiding the heat from being transferred into a room.
Besides controlling the on-off states of the electric air valve and the fan according to the indoor and outdoor temperatures, the invention can also provide corresponding phase-change temperature ranges, phase-change layer thicknesses and ventilation strategies under various climate types in the main climate areas of the whole country according to the characteristics of different climate areas; by optimally setting the phase-change temperature, the thickness of the phase-change layer and the ventilation speed, the optimal phase-change temperature, the optimal thickness and the optimal ventilation speed are obtained, and the summer air conditioning load of the room can be minimized. The phase-change temperature range has a great influence on the thermal performance of the phase-change roof, if the phase-change temperature is lower, the outdoor temperature is lower than the solidification temperature for a short time, the heat release at night is poorer, and the situation of insufficient solidification at night exists; if the phase transition temperature is high, the outdoor temperature is less than the melting temperature, the heat absorption in the daytime is poor, and the melting in the daytime is insufficient. The most suitable phase-change temperature can find a balance point between the daytime endothermic phase-change material and the nighttime exothermic phase-change material, so that the latent heat utilization rate of the phase-change material is improved. The invention obtains the most suitable phase transition temperature range of different areas through research. For example, when the optimal phase-change temperature of 36-38 ℃ is adopted in the Wuhan region, the average latent heat utilization rate of the phase-change material is as high as 96%, the attenuation coefficient of the phase-change roof is 0.033, and compared with the attenuation coefficient of the non-phase-change roof, the attenuation coefficient of the non-phase-change roof is 0.232, the attenuation coefficient of the phase-change roof is reduced by 85.78%; when the optimal phase-change temperature of 34-36 ℃ is adopted in Guangzhou area, the attenuation coefficient of the phase-change roof is 0.028, and is reduced by 87.82% compared with 0.23 of a non-phase-change roof; when the optimum phase-change temperature of 34-36 ℃ is adopted in Beijing area, the attenuation coefficient of the phase-change roof is 0.03, and is reduced by 87.12% compared with 0.233 of the non-phase-change roof; when the optimal phase-change temperature of 31-33 ℃ is adopted in the Harbin region, the attenuation coefficient of the phase-change roof is 0.033, and is reduced by 85.9% compared with 0.234 of the non-phase-change roof; when the optimal phase-change temperature of 29-31 ℃ is adopted in Kunming areas, the attenuation coefficient of the phase-change roof is 0.026, and is reduced by 88.79 percent compared with 0.232 of a non-phase-change roof.
Further, as the phase-change material covers the upper part of the ventilation layer, when the temperature is higher in the daytime, the temperature rises to melt and absorb redundant heat, so that the thickness of the phase-change material, namely the amount of available latent heat of the phase-change material, can influence the thermal performance of the phase-change roof: if the phase change material is too small, the available latent heat quantity is insufficient to absorb the excessive heat outdoors, so that the influence on the thermal performance of the phase change roof is large, and the temperature of the inner surface of the roof cannot be effectively reduced; if the phase change material is too much, the utilization rate of its latent heat amount becomes small, reducing economy. The invention obtains the optimum thickness of the phase-change layer in different areas through research on the basis of the optimum phase-change temperature range. For example, when the most suitable thickness of 30mm is adopted in the Wuhan region, the average latent heat utilization rate of the phase change material is as high as 96%, the attenuation coefficient of the phase change roof is 0.033, the delay time is 8h, the delay time is longer than that of other thicknesses, the attenuation coefficient is lower, and the effect and the economical efficiency of optimizing the thermal performance of the roof are optimal.
Furthermore, the thermal performance of the phase-change ventilation roof is not only affected by the thermal properties of the phase-change material, but also greatly affected by the heat taken away by cold air when the outdoor air temperature is low at night to the precast concrete hollow floor slab to release heat of the phase-change material and reduce the temperature of the inner surface of the roof. The invention obtains the optimum ventilation speed in different areas through research. For example, when the most proper ventilation speed of 2.5m/s is adopted in the Wuhan region, the highest temperature of the inner surface of the roof is generally 22-23 h at night, the delay time of the roof is increased by 4-5 h compared with the delay time of the roof under the non-ventilation working condition, the average temperature of the inner surface of the roof tends to 30 ℃, the average temperature is reduced by 4.3 ℃, the utilization rate of the latent heat of the phase-change material is approximately 99%, and the thermal performance of the roof is greatly improved.
Compared with the phase-change ventilation bricks in the prior art, the invention utilizes the comprehensive effects of improvement of roof structures, design of thermal physical properties of phase-change materials, optimization of ventilation strategies and the like to ensure that the shaped phase-change ventilation and embedded tubular ventilation roof can realize optimal heat storage performance in different climatic regions.
On the other hand, the invention adopts a modular design, the ventilation system of the roof structure can be divided into a plurality of units, each ventilation unit is provided with a set of independent air supply and exhaust system, and the ventilation system comprises an air inlet, a plurality of ventilation pipelines and an air outlet, and the air inlet part corresponds to the air outlet part. In the daytime, heat is stored in the phase-change material before the building roof structure does not form a cold load, the temperature of the roof is kept basically unchanged, free natural outdoor cold wind is fully utilized at night, the phase-change material is solidified, released and taken away through the embedded pipe type ventilating plate, and the heat is fully stored, so that the heat can be prevented from directly entering a room, the influence of outdoor climate on the indoor environment is greatly weakened by the roof structure, the temperature fluctuation of the inner wall surface of the enclosure structure is greatly reduced, the indoor thermal comfort is improved, and the problem of high heat transfer capacity of the roof is effectively solved.
In addition to directly setting the initial ventilation time and the specific ventilation time of the shaping phase change and embedded tubular ventilation roof in summer according to the characteristics of different climatic regions, the invention can also judge whether ventilation is performed according to the temperature. The first temperature sensor is preferably arranged at the bottom of the middle section of the embedded pipe type ventilating duct in one ventilating unit. When the temperature of the lower surface of the middle section of the air channel measured by the first temperature sensor at night is higher than the temperature of the outdoor air dry bulb measured by the second temperature sensor, the fan is started, and the electric air valves of the air inlet part and the air outlet part are simultaneously opened, so that the whole air channel is opened. When the temperature of the first temperature sensor is lower than that of the second temperature sensor to a certain value (which can be preset, such as 0 or 2 ℃), the outdoor temperature is higher, the phase change material is in a heat absorption state, the fan is controlled to be closed, and the electric air valves of the air inlet part and the air outlet part are closed, so that the air in the air duct is in a state of stagnation circulation, the heat resistance of the whole roof can be increased, and excessive heat is prevented from being transferred into a room. The fan can also adjust the wind speed in the air duct to a proper wind speed according to different climatic regions. If the first temperature sensor is arranged at the inlet section of the air duct, the air in the cavity absorbs heat along the air flow direction and then heats up, so that the surface of the cavity at the rear section is heated, and the heat is not discharged; if the first temperature sensor is arranged at the outlet section of the air duct, the ventilation time is short, the cool air cooling capacity at night is not fully utilized, the phase change material is not completely solidified at the moment, residual heat is still not discharged, and the utilization rate of the latent heat is low. The fan and the electric air valve are preferably connected with the first temperature sensor and the second temperature sensor, and when the temperature of the second temperature sensor is lower than that of the first temperature sensor to reach a certain value (which can be preset, such as 0 or 2 ℃), the fan and the electric air valve are controlled to be simultaneously opened, and otherwise, the fan and the electric air valve are controlled to be closed. The second temperature device and the first temperature device jointly control the start-stop state of the fan and the electric air valve. The running states of the fan and the electric air valve are synchronously switched.
The invention filters rainwater and dust in the air by the rain-proof shutter and the air filter to prevent the air duct from being blocked, the air is uniformly conveyed into each air duct after passing through the guide vane, and the air channel containing the guide vane can play the role of a static pressure box to stabilize the air flow and reduce the vibration of the air flow, so that the air supply effect is more ideal. The fan can also be provided with a damping layer in a matching way, so that noise generated by the operation of the fan is prevented from being transmitted to the room.
In summary, the shaping phase-change and embedded pipe type ventilation roof is a heat-insulating cold-storage structure, the roof can fully utilize free natural energy to greatly weaken the influence of outdoor climate on indoor environment, store heat in phase-change materials before the outdoor environment acts on the building roof structure to form cold load, and utilize outdoor cool wind and sky long wave radiation to dissipate condensation heat to the outside at night, and simultaneously store cold for the roof structure, thereby greatly reducing heat in a heat transfer room, reducing even eliminating the cold load of the roof, greatly reducing temperature change of the inner wall surface of an enclosure structure, and improving indoor thermal comfort. Can promote the application of natural energy sources in energy conservation and emission reduction of buildings.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a design phase change and embedded tubular ventilation roofing according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a shaped phase change and embedded tubular ventilation roofing of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a top view of a shaped phase change and embedded tubular ventilation roofing in an example application of the present invention.
The meaning of the reference numerals in the figures is as follows: 1 is a rainproof shutter, 2 is an air filter, 3 is an electric air valve, 4 is a fan, 5 is a guide vane, 6 is an embedded pipe type ventilating duct, 7 is a slope finding layer, 8 is a leveling layer, 9 is a phase change material layer, 10 is a waterproof layer, 11 is a protective layer, and 12 is a first temperature sensor.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and examples, in order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. In addition, the technical features of the embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not collide with each other.
The invention relates to a shaping phase-change and embedded pipe type ventilation roof, which belongs to a horizontal roof and mainly comprises an embedded pipe type ventilation pipeline (6), a phase-change material layer (9), and an air inlet structure and an air outlet structure which are arranged with the embedded pipe type ventilation pipeline. The embedded pipe type ventilating duct (6) and the phase change material layer (9) belong to a roof structure. The components may be specifically set as follows:
The air inlet part is used for uniformly introducing cold air into the ventilating duct at night, and the flowing cold air is used for discharging heat released when the phase-change material is solidified from a liquid state to a solid state, so that the heat is prevented from being transferred into a room. The air inlet (i.e., air intake) portion may include: rain-proof tripe 1, air cleaner 2, electronic blast gate 3, fan 4, guide vane 5. The fan 4 is used for providing power for the flow of cold air at night, and can filter rainwater and dust in the air by the rainproof louver 1 and the air filter 2, so that the air is prevented from blocking the air channels, the air is preferably uniformly conveyed into each air channel after passing through the guide vane 5, the air channel containing the guide vane can play the role of a static pressure box, the air flow is stabilized, the air flow vibration is reduced, and the air supply effect is more ideal. The fan 4 can be provided with a damping layer in a matching way, so that noise generated by the operation of the fan is prevented from being transmitted to the room.
The roof structure part is used for enhancing the heat insulation effect of the roof, reducing the peak temperature of the inner surface of the roof, reducing the heat transferred into the room, and playing the basic roles of the roof such as drainage, bearing and the like. The roof structure part may comprise an embedded pipe type ventilating duct 6 and a phase change material layer 9, and may also comprise a conventional roof structure, such as a slope finding layer 7, a leveling layer 8, a waterproof layer 10 and a protective layer 11 (as shown in fig. 1, the phase change material layer 9 may be located in the middle of the roof structure, i.e. in the middle of the conventional roof structure). The embedded pipe type ventilating duct 6 can be realized in two ways, and the ventilating duct is embedded in the cast-in-situ roof board or the hollow cavity of the precast concrete hollow board is directly utilized for ventilation at night in summer.
The ventilation system of the roof structure can be divided into a plurality of units, and each ventilation unit is provided with a set of independent air supply and exhaust system which comprises an air inlet, a plurality of ventilation pipelines and an air outlet.
When the cast-in-situ roof plate is adopted, the ventilation pipeline is pre-buried, the cast-in-situ roof plate can be designed into a plurality of air supply units according to the actual size of the roof, the width of each air supply unit can be 1m, the length can be 7-11m, 8-10 circular straight pipe air channels can be contained, the radius of the pipeline can be 40mm, and the embedded pipe forms can be connected in series and in parallel. The invention takes parallel connection as an example, the air inlet is connected with a plurality of pre-buried air pipes in the unit, and cold air at night uniformly enters each air channel under the action of the fan and the guide vane, and is discharged outside through the air outlet after heat exchange. When the precast concrete hollow slab is adopted, according to the number of the precast concrete hollow slabs, a plurality of air supply units can be designed, each air supply unit can comprise 4 precast concrete hollow slabs, the width of each unit is 2 times that of a single precast concrete hollow slab, the length of each unit is 2 times that of the single precast concrete hollow slab, the precast concrete cavity is used as an air duct, a single air inlet is connected with a plurality of cavities in the precast slab, and cold air at night can enter the air duct uniformly by using guide vanes and is discharged outdoors through an air outlet.
The phase change material of the phase change material layer 9 can absorb heat or release heat in a constant temperature range by utilizing the change of the physical state during phase change, thereby greatly enhancing the heat insulation capacity of the roof. In the prior art, the phase change material is used for manufacturing the shaping plate and is laid on the surface of the roof, solar radiation is absorbed by phase change in daytime to obtain heat, and meanwhile, the temperature of the roof is kept basically constant, so that the peak value of the temperature of the surface of the roof can be greatly reduced, and the heat transferred into a room is reduced; at night, the outdoor environment temperature is reduced, and the phase change material releases part of outdoor heat absorbed in the daytime to the outside through convection heat exchange with outdoor air and sky long wave radiation heat exchange, but still part of heat can be transferred to a concrete floor slab through heat conduction. And when the temperature is reduced to the liquid phase temperature, the phase change material gradually changes from a liquid state to a solid state. Part of heat is downwards transferred into the room during the solidification and heat release processes of the phase-change material, so that a cooling load is formed. The invention aims at the problem that the embedded pipe type ventilating board is adopted, so that outdoor cool air is led into the hollow board cavity under the drive of the fan, and heat accumulation and phase change solidification heat release of the roof are discharged outdoors through convection heat exchange with the floor, thereby enhancing solidification heat release of phase change materials, realizing full cold accumulation of the whole roof, effectively improving indoor thermal environment and reducing energy consumption of an air conditioner.
The air outlet part is used for discharging the air subjected to heat exchange in the air duct to the outside and can be composed of a rainproof shutter 1 and an electric air valve 3.
The invention can adopt paraffin as phase-change material and macromolecular polyethylene as carrier support material, and the two materials are mixed to prepare the shaping phase-change material, which can ensure that the shape of paraffin is unchanged before and after phase change, and the solid shape of paraffin is still maintained macroscopically.
Preferably, a first temperature sensor 12 is further arranged in the air duct of the embedded pipe type ventilating board, and the temperature sensor is arranged at the bottom of the middle section of the air duct and is used for detecting the average temperature of the bottom of the ventilating duct of the concrete roof panel, and a single air inlet can preferably correspond to one temperature sensor.
The first temperature sensor 12 is preferably arranged at the bottom of the middle section of the air duct. If the first temperature sensor is arranged at the inlet section of the air duct, the air in the cavity absorbs heat along the air flow direction and then heats up, so that the surface of the cavity at the rear section is heated, and the heat is not discharged; if the first temperature sensor is arranged at the outlet section of the air duct, the ventilation time is short, the cool air cooling capacity at night is not fully utilized, the phase change material is not completely solidified at the moment, residual heat is still not discharged, and the utilization rate of the latent heat is low.
Preferably, the outdoor area above the roof is provided with a second temperature sensor for detecting the outdoor air dry bulb temperature; the fan 4 and the electric air valve 3 are connected with the first temperature sensor and the second temperature sensor, when the temperature of the second temperature sensor is lower than that of the first temperature sensor and reaches a certain value (which can be preset, such as 0 or 2 ℃), the fan 4 and the electric air valve 3 are controlled to be opened simultaneously, and otherwise, the fan is closed.
The second temperature device and the first temperature device jointly control the start-stop state of the fan 4 and the electric air valve 3. The operation states of the blower 4 and the electric air valve 3 are synchronously switched.
Preferably, the ventilation system of the roof structure can be divided into a plurality of units, each ventilation unit is provided with a set of independent air supply and exhaust system, and the ventilation system comprises an air inlet, a plurality of ventilation pipelines and an air outlet, and the air inlet part corresponds to the air outlet part.
Preferably, the opening directions of the air inlet and the air outlet (i.e., the end surface normal direction) face the inner side of the roof and are parallel to the ground, so that rainwater can be prevented from directly entering the channel, and the beauty of the roof can be maintained.
Preferably, the air channels of the embedded pipe type ventilating duct 6 may be connected in parallel. When the embedded pipe type ventilating duct 6 is a precast concrete hollow slab, the single precast concrete hollow slab generally has five cavities, so that air flows in from the air inlet, uniformly enters the five cavities after being split by the guide vane, absorbs heat released by solidification of the phase change material, and is discharged from the air outlet.
Preferably, a square opening with a side length smaller than or equal to the diameter of the circular air duct is formed at the joint of the tail end of the air inlet and the air duct inlet, and the specific opening mode can be shown in fig. 2.
The phase-change ventilation roof is simultaneously subjected to external disturbance effects such as indoor and outdoor environments, temperature and speed of air flow in a pipeline and the like, and the heat transfer characteristic is determined by the thermal characteristics and the structure of the adopted materials.
The shaping phase-change and embedded pipe type ventilation roof is particularly suitable for playing a role in summer, and the corresponding control method can be as follows: when the temperature of the lower surface of the middle section of the air channel measured by the first temperature sensor is higher than the temperature of the outdoor air dry bulb measured by the second temperature sensor at night (such as summer night), the fan is started, and the electric air valves of the air inlet part and the air outlet part are simultaneously opened, so that the whole air channel is started. At this time, as analyzed above, the wind speed in the wind tunnel can be adjusted to the appropriate wind speed according to different climate zones. When the temperature of the first temperature sensor is lower than that of the second temperature sensor to a certain value (which can be preset, such as 0 or 2 ℃), the outdoor temperature is higher, the phase change material is in a heat absorption state, the fan is controlled to be closed, and the electric air valves of the air inlet part and the air outlet part are closed, so that the air in the air duct is in a state of stagnation circulation, the heat resistance of the whole roof can be increased, and excessive heat is prevented from being transferred into a room. While the fan and the electric damper may be in a normally closed state when, for example, they are in winter.
The following are specific examples:
example 1
As shown in figure 1, the invention is suitable for a shaping phase-change and embedded pipe type ventilation roofing system, and comprises a rainproof shutter 1, an air filter 2, an electric air valve 3, a fan 4, guide vanes 5, an embedded pipe type ventilation pipeline 6 and a phase-change material layer 9. The heat transferred to the roof outdoors is absorbed by utilizing the characteristics of the phase change material, and the heat accumulation of the phase change material is discharged through the ventilation plate, so that the temperature of the inner surface of the roof is reduced, and the indoor thermal environment is improved. The first temperature sensor is arranged at the bottom of the middle section of one air duct, and the second temperature sensor is arranged above the roof. The openings of the air inlet and the air outlet face the inner side of the roof.
As shown in fig. 2, guide vanes are installed to uniformly deliver night cool air sucked from an air inlet into a plurality of air ducts (e.g., five air ducts). At the connection of the air inlet end and the air channel inlet, a square opening with the side length not exceeding the diameter of the air channel is arranged, and the width of the air channel containing the guide vane part is equal to the diameter of the circular air channel.
The whole roof system is composed of a plurality of units, for example, when the roof adopts precast concrete hollow plates, the units can be arranged; each ventilation unit is provided with a set of independent air supply and exhaust system which comprises an air inlet, a plurality of ventilation pipelines and an air outlet. For example, each unit may comprise 4 precast concrete hollow slabs, and the 4 precast concrete hollow slabs may extend one time along the length direction and the width direction of the precast concrete hollow slabs, respectively, that is, the overall width of the unit is 2 times that of a single concrete hollow slab, the overall length of the unit is 2 times that of the single concrete hollow slab, the precast concrete cavity is used as an air duct, a single air inlet is connected with a plurality of cavities in the precast slabs, and night cool air is uniformly introduced into the air duct by using guide vanes and discharged outside through the air outlet.
For example, a roof with a length of 19.2m and a width of 14.4m adopts a shaped phase change and embedded pipe type ventilation roof, and the embedded pipe type ventilation roof adopts a concrete hollow slab. The roof is made up of 32 units arranged as shown in fig. 3 (the direction of the arrow in fig. 3 is indicated by the direction of the wind in the precast concrete cavities).
The corresponding control method can be that in summer, when the temperature of the outdoor air dry bulb measured by the second temperature sensor at night is lower than the temperature of the lower surface of the middle section of the air duct measured by the first temperature sensor, the fan is started, and the electric air valves of the air inlet part and the air outlet part are simultaneously opened, so that the whole air duct is opened. At the moment, the wind speed in the air duct is adjusted to be proper wind speed according to different climate areas (for example, the proper wind speed in summer hot winter cold areas is 2.5 m/s). When the temperature of the outdoor air dry bulb measured by the second temperature sensor is higher than the temperature of the lower surface of the middle section of the air channel measured by the first temperature sensor, the outdoor air temperature is higher, the fan is controlled to be closed, and the electric air valves of the air inlet part and the air outlet part are closed, so that the air in the air channel is in a state of stagnation circulation, the thermal resistance of the whole roof can be increased, and excessive heat is prevented from being transferred to the room. While the fan and the electric damper may be in a normally closed state when, for example, they are in winter.
The phase-change temperature range has a great influence on the thermal performance of the phase-change roof, if the phase-change temperature is lower, the outdoor temperature is lower than the solidification temperature for a short time, the heat release at night is poorer, and the situation of insufficient solidification at night exists; if the phase transition temperature is high, the outdoor temperature is less than the melting temperature, the heat absorption in the daytime is poor, and the melting in the daytime is insufficient. The most suitable phase-change temperature can find a balance point between the daytime endothermic phase-change material and the nighttime exothermic phase-change material, so that the latent heat utilization rate of the phase-change material is improved. According to the invention, the optimum phase transition temperature range of different areas is obtained through further research. According to the civil architecture thermal design specification (GB 50176-2016), the thermal design of China is divided into 5 climate areas which are respectively a severe cold area, a summer hot winter warm area and a mild area. In a mild region represented by Kunming (average temperature of coldest month in the mild region is 0-13 ℃ and average temperature of hottest month is 18-25 ℃), the phase transition temperature is 29-31 ℃; in the summer hot and winter warm region represented by Guangzhou (average temperature of the coldest month in the summer hot and winter warm region is more than 10 ℃ and average temperature of the hottest month is 25-29 ℃), the phase change temperature ranges from 34 to 36 ℃; in summer hot and winter cold areas represented by Wuhan (average temperature of the coldest month in the summer hot and winter cold areas is 0-10 ℃ and average temperature of the hottest month is 25-30 ℃), the phase change temperature ranges from 36 to 38 ℃; in cold regions represented by Beijing (average temperature of the coldest month in cold regions is 0 to minus 10 ℃), the phase transition temperature ranges from 34 to 36 ℃; in severe cold regions represented by Harbin (the average temperature of the coldest month in severe cold regions is less than-10 ℃), the phase transition temperature ranges from 31 to 33 ℃. For example, when the optimal phase-change temperature of 36-38 ℃ is adopted in the Wuhan region, the average latent heat utilization rate of the phase-change material is as high as 96%, the attenuation coefficient of the phase-change roof is 0.033, and compared with the attenuation coefficient of the non-phase-change roof, the attenuation coefficient of the non-phase-change roof is 0.232, the attenuation coefficient of the phase-change roof is reduced by 85.78%; when the optimal phase-change temperature of 34-36 ℃ is adopted in Guangzhou area, the attenuation coefficient of the phase-change roof is 0.028, and is reduced by 87.82% compared with 0.23 of a non-phase-change roof; when the optimum phase-change temperature of 34-36 ℃ is adopted in Beijing area, the attenuation coefficient of the phase-change roof is 0.03, and is reduced by 87.12% compared with 0.233 of the non-phase-change roof; when the optimal phase-change temperature of 31-33 ℃ is adopted in the Harbin region, the attenuation coefficient of the phase-change roof is 0.033, and is reduced by 85.9% compared with 0.234 of the non-phase-change roof; when the optimal phase-change temperature of 29-31 ℃ is adopted in Kunming areas, the attenuation coefficient of the phase-change roof is 0.026, and is reduced by 88.79 percent compared with 0.232 of a non-phase-change roof.
In the invention, the adjustment of the phase change temperature of the phase change material can directly refer to the prior art, and the material with the corresponding phase change temperature is selected.
The phase change material covers the inside at ventilation roofing, and the temperature rise melts when daytime temperature is higher and absorbs unnecessary heat, so the thickness of phase change material, the how much of available latent heat volume of phase change material can influence the thermal performance of phase change roofing promptly: if the phase change material is too small, the available latent heat quantity is insufficient to absorb the excessive heat outdoors, so that the influence on the thermal performance of the phase change roof is large, and the temperature of the inner surface of the roof cannot be effectively reduced; if the phase change material is too much, the utilization rate of its latent heat amount becomes small, reducing economy. On the basis of the optimal phase-change temperature range, the optimal thickness of the phase-change layer in different areas is obtained through further research, and the optimal thickness of the phase-change material is 25mm in the mild area represented by Kunming when the phase-change temperature range is 29-31 ℃; in summer and winter warm areas represented by Guangzhou, the proper thickness of the phase change material is 30mm when the phase change temperature ranges from 34 ℃ to 36 ℃; in summer hot and winter cold areas represented by Wuhan, the proper thickness of the phase change material is 35mm when the phase change temperature is 36-38 ℃; in cold areas represented by Beijing, the suitable thickness of the phase change material is 30mm when the phase change temperature is in the range of 34-36 ℃; in severe cold regions represented by Harbin, the phase change material suitably has a thickness of 30mm at a phase change temperature in the range of 31 to 33 ℃. For example, when the most suitable thickness of 35mm is adopted in the Wuhan region, the average latent heat utilization rate of the phase change material is as high as 96%, the attenuation coefficient of the phase change roof is 0.033, the delay time is 8h, and the delay time is longer than that of other thicknesses, so that the effect of optimizing the thermal performance of the roof and the economy are optimal.
The thermal performance of the phase-change ventilation roof is affected by the thermal properties of the phase-change material, and when the outdoor air temperature is low at night, cold air is introduced into the precast concrete hollow floor slab, and the heat taken away by the cold air has great influence on the heat release of the phase-change material and the reduction of the temperature of the inner surface of the roof. According to the invention, the optimum ventilation speed of different areas is obtained through research, in the mild areas represented by Kunming, the optimum ventilation speed is 1.8m/s, the ventilation starting time is 6-7 h (namely Beijing time BJT 13:00-14:00) after sunrise time, and the ventilation duration is 16-17 h (the ventilation duration is the ventilation whole-course duration calculated by taking the ventilation starting time as the starting point); in a summer hot winter warm region represented by Guangzhou, the optimal ventilation wind speed is 2.3m/s, the ventilation time is 14h to 15h after sunrise time (namely, beijing time BJT 20:00 to 21:00), and the ventilation time is 9 h to 11h; in the summer hot and winter cold region represented by the Wuhan, the optimal ventilation wind speed is 2.5m/s, the ventilation time is 16-17 h after sunrise time (namely Beijing time BJT 22:00-23:00), and the ventilation time is 6-8 h; in cold areas represented by Beijing, the optimum ventilation wind speed is 2.0m/s, the ventilation time is 13-14 h after sunrise time (namely, beijing time BJT 19:00-20:00), and the ventilation time is 11-12 h; in severe cold areas represented by Harbin, the optimal ventilation wind speed is 1.9m/s, the initial ventilation time is 13-14 h after sunrise time (namely, beijing time BJT 18:00-19:00), and the ventilation time is 13-15 h. For example, when the most suitable ventilation speed of 2.5m/s is adopted in the Wuhan region, the highest temperature of the roof is generally 22-23 h at night, the delay time of the roof is increased by 4-5 h compared with the delay time of the roof under the non-ventilation working condition, the average temperature of the inner surface of the roof tends to 30 ℃, the utilization rate of the latent heat of the phase-change material tends to 99%, and the thermal performance of the roof is greatly improved.
The phase change material layer in the invention can be made of materials known in the prior art; for example, for the paraffin phase-change material layer with the phase-change latent heat of 200-250kJ/kg formed in the high-density polyethylene supporting material, which is preferred in the invention, the phase-change temperature adjustment of the phase-change material layer can directly refer to the prior art to obtain phase-change materials with different phase-change temperatures (for example, the phase-change paraffin material with proper phase-change temperature is obtained by compounding high-melting-point solid phase-change paraffin and low-melting-point liquid phase-change material according to a certain proportion). The specific shaping process can be, for example, melting paraffin and high-density polyethylene, mixing the paraffin and the high-density polyethylene according to a certain mass ratio at a temperature higher than the melting point of the high-density polyethylene, and cooling the mixture to form the shaped phase-change material with a specific phase-change temperature range and a specific phase-change layer thickness. In addition, the temperature values detected by the first temperature sensor 12 and the second temperature sensor are compared, and a comparator component in the prior art can be directly adopted, so that the cost of manual management is reduced.
The attenuation coefficient and the delay time in the invention meet the conventional definition in the field and can be used as indexes for evaluating the thermal performance of the roof. For example, the attenuation coefficient of the enclosure is the ratio of the temperature amplitude of the inner surface to the temperature amplitude of the outer surface of the enclosure, and the temperature amplitude is the difference between the highest temperature and the lowest temperature of the time-by-time temperature; the attenuation system can reflect the amplitude of the influence of the outside air temperature on the inner surface of the enclosure structure. For another example, the delay time of the enclosure is a time difference between the time when the highest temperature (or lowest temperature) of the inner surface of the enclosure occurs and the time when the highest temperature (or lowest temperature) of the outer surface occurs, and the longer the delay time, the later the temperature of the inner surface of the enclosure is affected by the fluctuation of the outdoor air temperature.
The division of the areas such as summer hot and winter warm areas, summer hot and winter cold areas and the like in the invention meets the conventional division in climate, and the division principle can be seen in the civil building thermal engineering design Specification (GB 50176-2016).
It will be readily appreciated by those skilled in the art that the foregoing description is merely a preferred embodiment of the invention and is not intended to limit the invention, but any modifications, equivalents, improvements or alternatives falling within the spirit and principles of the invention are intended to be included within the scope of the invention.
Claims (9)
1. The shaping phase-change and embedded pipe type ventilation roof is characterized by comprising a roof layer with a phase-change material layer (9) and an embedded pipe type ventilation pipe (6) at the same time, and an air inlet and an air outlet which are arranged on the roof layer, wherein the phase-change material layer (9) is arranged above the embedded pipe type ventilation pipe (6), and the phase-change material layer (9) is used for absorbing heat to change phase or is used for changing phase to release heat;
the air inlet and one end of the air outlet are arranged outdoors, the other end of the air inlet and one end of the air outlet are connected with the embedded pipe type ventilating duct (6), an electric air valve (3) and a fan (4) are arranged on the air inlet, an electric air valve (3) is also arranged on the air outlet, the fan (4) is used for conveying outdoor air to the embedded pipe type ventilating duct (6), and the electric air valve (3) is used for switching the states of communication and non-communication between the outdoor air at the positions of the air inlet and the air outlet and the embedded pipe type ventilating duct (6), so that whether the outdoor air enters the embedded pipe type ventilating duct (6) or not is switched;
The phase change material layer (9) is specifically a paraffin phase change material layer with the latent heat of phase change meeting 200-250kJ/kg which is formed in the high-density polyethylene supporting material; and, when the outdoors belongs to a gentle area, the phase change material layer (9) has a phase change temperature of 29 to 31 ℃; when the outdoor environment belongs to a summer and winter warm area, the phase change temperature of the phase change material layer (9) is 34-36 ℃; when the outdoor environment belongs to a summer hot and winter cold region, the phase change temperature of the phase change material layer (9) is 36-38 ℃; when the outdoor area belongs to a cold area, the phase change material layer (9) has a phase change temperature of 34 to 36 ℃; when the outdoor area is a severe cold area, the phase change material layer (9) has a phase change temperature of 31 to 33 ℃.
2. A shaped phase-change and embedded pipe type ventilation roofing according to claim 1, characterized in that the thickness of the phase-change material layer (9) is 25mm when the outside is in a gentle area; when the outdoor space belongs to a summer and winter warm area, the thickness of the phase change material layer (9) is 30mm; when the outdoor environment belongs to a summer and winter cold area, the thickness of the phase change material layer (9) is 35mm; when the outdoor area belongs to a cold area, the thickness of the phase change material layer (9) is 30mm; when the outdoor area belongs to a severe cold region, the thickness of the phase change material layer (9) is 30mm.
3. The shaped phase change and embedded pipe type ventilation roof according to claim 2, wherein when the outdoor area is a gentle land area, the fan (4) is used for providing a ventilation speed of 1.8m/s, the starting ventilation time of the fan (4) is 6-7 h after sunrise time, and the ventilation time is 16-17 h; when the outdoor space belongs to a summer and winter warm area, the fan (4) is used for providing ventilation speed of 2.3m/s, the starting ventilation time of the fan (4) is 14h to 15h after sunrise time, and the ventilation time is 9 h to 11h; when the outdoor area belongs to a summer hot and winter cold area, the fan (4) is used for providing ventilation speed of 2.5m/s, the starting ventilation time of the fan (4) is 16-17 h after sunrise time, and the ventilation time is 6-8 h; when the outdoor area belongs to a cold area, the fan (4) is used for providing a ventilation speed of 2.0m/s, the starting ventilation time of the fan (4) is 13-14 h after sunrise time, and the ventilation time is 11-12 h; when the outdoor area belongs to a severe cold region, the fan (4) is used for providing a ventilation speed of 1.9m/s, the starting ventilation time of the fan (4) is 13-14 h after sunrise time, and the ventilation time is 13-15 h.
4. The shaped phase-change and embedded tubular ventilation roof according to claim 1, wherein the roof layer further comprises a slope finding layer (7), a leveling layer (8), a waterproof layer (10) and a protective layer (11), and the roof layer sequentially comprises the protective layer (11), the waterproof layer (10), the phase-change material layer (9), the leveling layer (8), the slope finding layer (7) and the embedded tubular ventilation duct (6) from top to bottom;
The embedded pipe type ventilating duct (6) is an embedded ventilating duct or a cavity of a precast concrete hollow slab.
5. The shaped phase-change and embedded pipe type ventilation roof according to claim 1, wherein the shaped phase-change and embedded pipe type ventilation roof comprises a plurality of ventilation units, and any one ventilation unit comprises one air inlet, one air outlet and a plurality of embedded pipe type ventilation pipelines (6); the embedded pipe type ventilating ducts (6) comprise 8-10 circular straight pipe air ducts embedded in the concrete slab, and the radius of any air duct is 40mm; the width of any one ventilation unit is 1m, the length is 7-11m, and the circular straight pipe air channels are connected in parallel and/or in series, so that a plurality of embedded pipe type ventilation pipelines (6) are formed.
6. The shaped phase-change and embedded pipe type ventilation roof according to claim 1, wherein the shaped phase-change and embedded pipe type ventilation roof comprises a plurality of ventilation units, and any one ventilation unit comprises one air inlet, one air outlet and a plurality of embedded pipe type ventilation pipelines (6); the embedded pipe type ventilating ducts (6) are cavities of precast concrete hollow plates and correspond to the cavities of 4 precast concrete hollow plates, and the radius of any one cavity is 40mm; the width of the ventilation unit is 2 times of the width of the single precast concrete hollow slab, and the length of the ventilation unit is 2 times of the length of the single precast concrete hollow slab.
7. The shaped phase-change and embedded pipe type ventilation roof as claimed in claim 5 or 6, wherein a temperature sensor is further arranged at the bottom of the middle section of a plurality of embedded pipe type ventilation pipes (6) of any one ventilation unit, the temperature sensor is a first temperature sensor (12) and is used for measuring the average temperature of the bottom ends of the plurality of embedded pipe type ventilation pipes (6);
a second temperature sensor is arranged in the outdoor area above the shaping phase change and embedded tubular ventilation roof and is used for detecting the temperature of the outdoor air dry bulb; the first temperature sensor (12) and the second temperature sensor are connected with the electric air valve (3) and the fan (4), the electric air valve (3) is switched to a switching state according to the temperature value detected by the first temperature sensor (12) and the second temperature sensor, and the fan (4) is switched to an operating state and a non-operating state according to the temperature value detected by the first temperature sensor (12) and the second temperature sensor.
8. The shaped phase-change and embedded pipe type ventilation roof according to any one of claims 1-6, wherein a rainproof shutter (1) and an air filter (2) are further arranged on the air inlet, the rainproof shutter (1) is used for shielding outdoor rainwater, the air filter (2) is used for transiting dust in outdoor air, and the outdoor air sequentially passes through the rainproof shutter (1), the air filter (2), the electric air valve (3) and the fan (4) and enters the embedded pipe type ventilation pipeline (6);
The air outlet is also provided with a rainproof shutter (1) for shielding outdoor rainwater;
the roof layer is internally provided with a plurality of embedded tubular ventilation pipelines (6), the air inlet is further provided with guide vanes (5), the guide vanes (5) are positioned at the rear end of the fan (4), and the guide vanes (5) are matched with the fan (4) to uniformly convey outdoor air into the embedded tubular ventilation pipelines (6).
9. A shaped phase change and embedded pipe type ventilation roofing according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that for said air inlet and said air outlet are arranged at one end of the outside of the room, their opening directions are all oriented towards the inside of the roofing and parallel to the horizontal plane.
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| CN110565880B (en) * | 2019-08-19 | 2022-02-01 | 中国建筑材料科学研究总院有限公司 | Cooling integration roof boarding reaches cooling integration roof including it |
| CN113914423B (en) * | 2021-09-27 | 2023-06-13 | 苏州美瑞德建筑装饰有限公司 | Hospital space wall structure convenient for water pipe installation |
| CN114754435B (en) * | 2022-06-14 | 2022-09-02 | 南京智铁电气有限公司 | Control method for optimizing energy consumption of air conditioner of high-speed rail station room |
| WO2024033956A1 (en) | 2022-08-12 | 2024-02-15 | Universita' Degli Studi Di Ferrara | Thermal barrier for ventilated roofs |
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