CN109403556A - A kind of sizing phase transformation and embedded tubular ventilation roofing - Google Patents
A kind of sizing phase transformation and embedded tubular ventilation roofing Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN109403556A CN109403556A CN201811068101.7A CN201811068101A CN109403556A CN 109403556 A CN109403556 A CN 109403556A CN 201811068101 A CN201811068101 A CN 201811068101A CN 109403556 A CN109403556 A CN 109403556A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- ventilation
- phase
- roofing
- air
- outdoor
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 178
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 86
- 238000004513 sizing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 239000012782 phase change material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 111
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 55
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 80
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 229920001903 high density polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004700 high-density polyethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011178 precast concrete Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 abstract description 13
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 abstract description 12
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 abstract description 11
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 112
- 238000004378 air conditioning Methods 0.000 description 15
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 11
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 11
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005338 heat storage Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 208000002925 dental caries Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 238000004134 energy conservation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000013011 mating Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003796 beauty Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015271 coagulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005345 coagulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012774 insulation material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04D—ROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
- E04D13/00—Special arrangements or devices in connection with roof coverings; Protection against birds; Roof drainage; Sky-lights
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04D—ROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
- E04D11/00—Roof covering, as far as not restricted to features covered by only one of groups E04D1/00 - E04D9/00; Roof covering in ways not provided for by groups E04D1/00 - E04D9/00, e.g. built-up roofs, elevated load-supporting roof coverings
- E04D11/02—Build-up roofs, i.e. consisting of two or more layers bonded together in situ, at least one of the layers being of watertight composition
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04D—ROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
- E04D13/00—Special arrangements or devices in connection with roof coverings; Protection against birds; Roof drainage; Sky-lights
- E04D13/17—Ventilation of roof coverings not otherwise provided for
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
- F24F11/70—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof
- F24F11/72—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof for controlling the supply of treated air, e.g. its pressure
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
- F24F11/89—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F13/00—Details common to, or for air-conditioning, air-humidification, ventilation or use of air currents for screening
- F24F13/02—Ducting arrangements
- F24F13/0227—Ducting arrangements using parts of the building, e.g. air ducts inside the floor, walls or ceiling of a building
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F13/00—Details common to, or for air-conditioning, air-humidification, ventilation or use of air currents for screening
- F24F13/08—Air-flow control members, e.g. louvres, grilles, flaps or guide plates
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F13/00—Details common to, or for air-conditioning, air-humidification, ventilation or use of air currents for screening
- F24F13/28—Arrangement or mounting of filters
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F5/00—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater
- F24F5/0007—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater cooling apparatus specially adapted for use in air-conditioning
- F24F5/0017—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater cooling apparatus specially adapted for use in air-conditioning using cold storage bodies, e.g. ice
- F24F5/0021—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater cooling apparatus specially adapted for use in air-conditioning using cold storage bodies, e.g. ice using phase change material [PCM] for storage
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F2110/00—Control inputs relating to air properties
- F24F2110/10—Temperature
- F24F2110/12—Temperature of the outside air
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A30/00—Adapting or protecting infrastructure or their operation
- Y02A30/27—Relating to heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC] technologies
- Y02A30/272—Solar heating or cooling
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
- Y02B10/20—Solar thermal
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/14—Thermal energy storage
Abstract
The invention belongs to energy-saving building technology field, a kind of sizing phase transformation and embedded tubular ventilation roofing are disclosed, and provide the phase change layer thickness suitable for different regions, transition temperature range and Ventilation Strategies；The roofing includes the roofing layer simultaneously with phase-change material layers and embedded tubular ventilation shaft, and air inlet and air outlet, wherein, air port is provided with Electric air valve and blower, blower is used to convey outdoor air to ventilation shaft, and Electric air valve is connected to and non-interconnected state for switching outdoor air with embedded tubular ventilation shaft.The present invention can effectively solve the effectively heat-insulated effective heat removal issue with night of summer day compared with existing traditional roof system, and night cool breeze can be utilized to carry out cold-storage, realize the roof structure of summer nearly zero energy consumption.The present invention, by the improvement of roof structure, the optimization of the design of the hot physical property of phase-change material and Ventilation Strategies, makes phase transformation ventilation roofing realize optimal heat-proof quality in different weather burthen compared with existing similar phase transformation ventilating brick.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to energy-saving building technology fields, more particularly, to a kind of sizing phase transformation and embedded tubular ventilation room
Face can be greatly decreased the solar gain that summer entered the room by roof, and store night ventilation cooling capacity, so as to improve
Indoor thermal environment reduces air-conditioning refrigeration duty.
Background technique
The total amount of China's building energy consumption rises year by year, and proportion is from 10% in 1978 in energy total flow
It is raised to 33% in 2016, wherein the energy consumption for Heating,Ventilating and Air Conditioning reaches 65% or so of building total energy consumption, is building energy consumption
Important component, inventing a kind of can be improved indoor occupant thermal comfort and is reducing the technology tool of air-conditioning peak load and energy consumption
There is very big application prospect.Air-conditioning refrigeration duty is mainly disturbed by building enclosure, air penetration and Indoor Thermal and is formed, wherein building enclosure
Controllability highest, improving its thermal and insulating performance is to reduce the most effective approach of building consumption cold, and roofing is due to directly connecing
Solar gain is received, heat output is commonly greater than any face exterior wall, and in the northern area of China, summer acts on the outdoor of roofing
Air comprehensive temperature can reach 60 DEG C or more, and southern area can reach 70 DEG C or more, so high roofing outer surface
Temperature causes air conditioner load huge, and causes internal surface temperature excessively high, affects indoor thermal comfort, therefore improve roofing
Heat-proof quality is most important to reduction air conditioning energy consumption and raising indoor thermal comfort.
Existing roofing power-saving technology mostly to reduce heat transfer coefficient as main mechanism, is effectively increased by adding light heat insulation material
Heating resistance, reduces different transfer of heat, but this method heat storage capacity is small, it is difficult to effective attenuation outdoor temperature wave.Heavy structure can be effective
The outer temperature wave of attenuation chamber, but thermal coefficient is big, and temperature difference control ability is poor, and to increase weight-bearing load.Phase transformation roofing also has its office
Sex-limited, simple phase transformation roofing can prevent roofing internal surface temperature excessively high on daytime by melting absorption solar gain, but
When night phase-change material solidifies heat release, some is transferred directly to interior by the heat stored daytime without reservation, is increased
Air conditioning energy consumption and reduce indoor thermal comfort.
For this status, develops novel energy-conserving roofing and study the heat-transfer character and energy-saving potential of the structure, realize room
Face has important practical significance to building energy conservation and Resources for construction economizing type and environment in the effective heat-insulated of summer whole day
The urgent need of friendly society.
Summary of the invention
Aiming at the above defects or improvement requirements of the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of sizing phase transformation with it is interior
Embedding tubular type ventilation roofing, wherein by increasing sizing phase-change material layer and ventilation shaft in Roof system, to each in system
The set-up mode of key component, mutual connection relationship and corresponding working method etc. are designed, and are utilizing phase-change material
Thermal storage effect is greatly decreased on the basis of the solar gain by roof, is carried out using Electric air valve etc. to ventilation shaft
Selectivity ventilation, such as night ventilation can avoid heat transfer that night discharge by phase-change material to interior, and can be sufficiently sharp
Cold-storage is carried out to concrete roof and phase-change material with the cooling capacity of night cool breeze, roofing internal surface temperature can be made complete in summer
It maintains reduced levels, so that the air-conditioning peak load and whole day total load of top room are reduced, so as to reduce air-conditioning
The type selecting of equipment and save initial cost, and air conditioning energy consumption can be saved.The present invention can be solved effectively compared with existing traditional roof system
The certainly effectively heat-insulated effective heat removal issue with night of summer day, and can be carried out night cold-storage, realize nearly zero energy consumption room of summer
Face structure.Also, the characteristics of present invention is also according to different weather burthen gives corresponding transition temperature range, phase transformation thickness
Degree and Ventilation Strategies, compared to the prior art in phase transformation ventilating brick and phase transformation roofing, the present invention changed using roof structure
Into the comprehensive function of the, design of the hot physical property of phase-change material and the optimization of Ventilation Strategies etc., roofing is specifically controlled, keeps this fixed
Type phase transformation and embedded tubular ventilation roofing can be realized optimal heat storage performance in different weather burthen.
To achieve the above object, it is proposed, according to the invention, provide a kind of sizing phase transformation and embedded tubular ventilation roofing, feature
It is, including having the roofing layers of phase-change material layers (9) and embedded tubular ventilation shaft (6) simultaneously, and positioned at the roofing layer
On air inlet and air outlet, wherein the phase-change material layers (9) are located at the top of the embedded tubular ventilation shaft (6), institute
Phase-change material layers (9) are stated to undergo phase transition for absorbing heat or release heat for phase transformation；
One end of the air inlet and the air outlet is all set in outdoor, and the other end is used to logical with the embedded tubular
Air piping (6) is connected, and Electric air valve (3) and blower (4) are provided on the air inlet, is also equipped on the air outlet electronic
Air-valve (3), the blower (4) are used to convey outdoor air, the Electric air valve (3) to the embedded tubular ventilation shaft (6)
Outdoor air for switching the air inlet and the air outlet present position is connected to the embedded tubular ventilation shaft (6)
With non-interconnected state, to switch the state whether outdoor air enters the embedded tubular ventilation shaft (6).
As present invention further optimization, the phase-change material layers (9) are specially to be formed for supporting in high density polyethylene (HDPE)
Latent heat of phase change in material meets the paraffin phase change material layer of 200-250kJ/kg；Also, when outdoor belongs to mild area, institute
Stating phase-change material layers (9) its phase transition temperature is 29 to 31 DEG C；When outdoor belongs to hot summer and warm winter region, the phase-change material layers
(9) its phase transition temperature is 34 to 36 DEG C；When outdoor belongs to hot-summer and cold-winter area, described its phase transition temperature of phase-change material layers (9)
It is 36 to 38 DEG C；When outdoor belongs to cold district, described its phase transition temperature of phase-change material layers (9) is 34 to 36 DEG C；Work as outdoor
When belonging to severe cold area, described its phase transition temperature of phase-change material layers (9) is 31 to 33 DEG C.
As present invention further optimization, when outdoor belongs to mild area, the phase-change material layers (9) with a thickness of
25mm；When outdoor belongs to hot summer and warm winter region, the phase-change material layers (9) with a thickness of 30mm；When outdoor belongs to Xia Redong
When cryogenic region, the phase-change material layers (9) with a thickness of 35mm；When outdoor belongs to cold district, the phase-change material layers (9)
With a thickness of 30mm；When outdoor belongs to severe cold area, the phase-change material layers (9) with a thickness of 30mm.
As present invention further optimization, when outdoor belongs to mild area, the blower (4) is for providing 1.8m/s
Ventilation speed, the ventilation time that starts of the blower (4) is 6~7h after sunrise time, when ventilation a length of 16~17h；
When outdoor belongs to hot summer and warm winter region, the blower (4) for providing the ventilation speed of 2.3m/s, open by blower (4)
Beginning ventilation time is 14~15h after sunrise time, when ventilation a length of 9~11h；When outdoor belongs to hot-summer and cold-winter area,
For the blower (4) for providing the ventilation speed of 2.5m/s, the ventilation time that starts of the blower (4) is 16 after sunrise time
~17h, when ventilation a length of 6~8h；When outdoor belongs to cold district, the blower (4) is used to provide the ventilation speed of 2.0m/s
The ventilation time that starts of degree, the blower (4) is 13~14h after sunrise time, when ventilation a length of 11~12h；When outdoor category
When severe cold area, for providing the ventilation speed of 1.9m/s, the beginning ventilation time of the blower (4) is the blower (4)
13~14h after sunrise time, when ventilation a length of 13~15h.
As present invention further optimization, the roofing layer further includes sloping layer (7), screed-coat (8), waterproof layer (10)
With protective layer (11), which successively includes the protective layer (11), the waterproof layer (10), the phase transformation material from top to bottom
The bed of material (9), the screed-coat (8), the sloping layer (7) and the embedded tubular ventilation shaft (6)；
The embedded tubular ventilation shaft (6) be pre-buried ventilation shaft or be prefabricated concrete hollow slab cavity.
As present invention further optimization, the sizing phase transformation and embedded tubular ventilation roofing include that several ventilations are single
Member, any one of ventilation unit include the air inlet, an air outlet and several described embedded pipes
Formula ventilation shaft (6)；This several described embedded tubular ventilation shaft (6) includes 8~10 pre-buried circles in concrete slab
Shape straight tube air duct, the radius in any one air duct are 40mm；The width of any one of ventilation unit is 1m, length 7-
11m, these circular straighttube air ducts are one another in series and/or connect, and thus constitute several embedded tubular ventilation shafts (6).
As present invention further optimization, the sizing phase transformation and embedded tubular ventilation roofing include that several ventilations are single
Member, any one of ventilation unit include the air inlet, an air outlet and several described embedded pipes
Formula ventilation shaft (6)；This several described embedded tubular ventilation shaft (6) is the cavity of prefabricated concrete hollow slab, and specific
Corresponding to the cavity of 4 pieces of prefabricated concrete hollow slabs, the radius of any one cavity is 40mm；The width of the ventilation unit is single
2 times of one prefabricated concrete hollow slab width, length are 2 times of single prefabricated concrete hollow slab length.
As present invention further optimization, in several described embedded tubular ventilations of any one of ventilation unit
The bottom of the mid-section of pipeline (6) is additionally provided with a temperature sensor, which is the first temperature sensor
(12), which is used to measure the mean temperature of this several embedded tubular ventilation shaft (6) bottom end；
Outdoor area above the sizing phase transformation and embedded tubular ventilation roofing is additionally provided with second temperature device sensing
Device, the second temperature sensor is for detecting outdoor air dry-bulb temperature；First temperature sensor (12) and described second
Protractor sensor is connected with the Electric air valve (3) and the blower (4), and the Electric air valve (3) is according to described first
The temperature value switching switch state that temperature sensor (12) and the second temperature device sensor detect, the blower (4)
The temperature value switchover operation then detected according to first temperature sensor (12) and the second temperature device sensor with
The state of inoperative.
As present invention further optimization, stormproof louvre (1) and air filter are additionally provided on the air inlet
(2), the stormproof louvre (1) is for blocking outdoor rain, and the air filter (2) is for the ash in transition outdoor air
Dirt, outdoor air is for successively by the stormproof louvre (1), the air filter (2), the Electric air valve (3) and institute
Blower (4) are stated to enter in the embedded tubular ventilation shaft (6)；
The stormproof louvre (1) for blocking outdoor rain is also equipped on the air outlet；
There are multiple embedded tubular ventilation shafts (6) in the roofing layer, be additionally provided with water conservancy diversion on the air inlet
Blade (5), the guide vane (5) are located at the rear end of the blower (4), and the guide vane (5) cooperates the blower (4) to use
In uniformly conveying outdoor air into these embedded tubular ventilation shafts (6).
As present invention further optimization, outdoor one end is set to for the air inlet and the air outlet, it
Opening direction towards on the inside of roofing and being parallel to the horizontal plane.
Contemplated above technical scheme through the invention, it is compared with prior art, fixed due to increasing in Roof system
Type phase-change material layers and ventilation shaft, obtained roofing layer structure are used to enhance the heat insulation on roof, reduce interior surface of roof
Temperature peak, reduction is passed to indoor heat, while playing the basic role of the roofings such as draining, load-bearing.The present invention is utilizing phase
Become the thermal storage effect of material, be greatly decreased on the basis of the solar gain by roof, using Electric air valve etc. to ventilation
Pipeline carries out selective ventilation, such as night ventilation, can avoid heat transfer that night is discharged by phase-change material to interior, and can
To make full use of the cooling capacity of night cool breeze to carry out cold-storage to concrete roof and phase-change material, roofing internal surface temperature can be made to exist
The whole day of summer maintains reduced levels, so that the air-conditioning peak load and whole day total load of top room are reduced, so as to
Reduce the type selecting of air-conditioning equipment and save initial cost, and air conditioning energy consumption can be saved.
The phase-change material of conventional phase change material layer states of matter can change progress when stationary temperature section is using phase transformation
Neither endothermic nor exothermic can greatly enhance the heat-insulating capability of roofing.Sizing plate is fabricated to using phase-change material to be laid in roof table
Face absorbs solar gain by phase transformation in the daytime, while keeping roofing temperature substantially constant, and roof surface temperature can be greatly reduced
Peak value is spent, reduction is passed to indoor heat；Night, outdoor environment temperature decline, the outdoor heat that phase-change material absorbs daytime
Part partially reaches concrete building by thermally conductive by putting with outdoor air heat convection and sky long-wave radiation heat exchange to outdoor
Plate, after temperature is reduced to liquidus temperature, phase-change material gradually becomes solid-state from liquid.But exothermic mistake is solidified in phase-change material
Cheng Zhong, partial heat can be passed to downwards interior, form refrigeration duty.Made outdoor cool for this problem with embedded tubular ventilating board
Wind blower driving under be passed through cored slab cavity, by with floor heat convection, by roofing accumulation of heat and phase transformation solidification heat release drain into
Outdoor had not only enhanced the solidification heat release of phase-change material, but also has realized the abundant cold-storage of entire roofing, was effectively improved indoor thermal environment,
Reduce air conditioning energy consumption.
The present invention can be according to outdoor temperature and the room temperature (temperature especially inside roofing, as embedded tubular is divulged information
The mean temperature etc. of pipeline bottom end) control the switch state of Electric air valve and blower.For example, working as outdoor temperature higher (such as summer
Ji Baitian), phase-change material layers can absorb heat and undergo phase transition, and Electric air valve and blower are in the state of closing at this time；Work as room
Outer temperature reduces (such as summer evenings), and phase-change material layers meeting phase transformation releases heat, and Electric air valve and blower are in out at this time
Outdoor cold wind can be uniformly introduced ventilation shaft by the state opened, be coagulated using the cold air discharge phase-change material of flowing by liquid
Gu the heat released when at solid-state avoids these heat transfers to interior.When Electric air valve opens (i.e. outdoor air with it is interior
Embedding tubular type ventilation shaft is in connected state), fan operation when, outdoor air can be entered embedded tubular ventilation duct by air inlet
In road, after the heat exchange of pipeline wall surface, outdoor is expelled to via air outlet.The present invention can be at night using the setting of air inlet associated component
Between when cold wind is uniformly introduced ventilation shaft, using the cold air discharge phase-change material of flowing by settable liquid at solid-state when institute
The heat of releasing avoids these heat transfers to interior.
Other than controlling the switch state of Electric air valve and blower according to indoor and outdoor temperature, the present invention can also be according to not
The characteristics of with climatological region, provides corresponding transition temperature range, phase change layer under the various climate types in national Main Climatic area
Thickness and Ventilation Strategies；By being preferably provided with to phase transition temperature, phase change layer thickness and ventilation speed, best phase alternating temperature is obtained
Degree, optimum thickness and optimal ventilation speed can make the summer air conditioning load in room minimum.Transition temperature range is to phase transformation
The thermal property of roofing has larger impact, if phase transition temperature is relatively low, outdoor temperature is less lower than the time of setting temperature, night
Heat release is poor, and it is insufficient to there is a situation where that night solidifies；If phase transition temperature is higher, outdoor temperature is higher than the time of melt temperature
Less, daytime, heat absorption was poor, and it is insufficient to there is a situation where that daytime melts.Optimum phase transition temperature is in phase-change material
An equalization point is found between heat absorption on daytime and night heat release, improves the latent heat utilization rate of phase-change material.The present invention passes through research
Obtain the optimum transition temperature range of different regions.For example, when Wuhan Area uses 36 to 38 DEG C of best phase transition temperature, phase
The average latent heat utilization rate for becoming material is up to 96%, and the attenuation coefficient of phase transformation roofing is 0.033, with non-phase transformation roofing 0.232
Attenuation coefficient is compared, and reduces 85.78%；When In Guangzhou Area uses 34~36 DEG C of best phase transition temperature, phase transformation roofing declines
Subtracting coefficient is 0.028, compared with the 0.23 of non-phase transformation roofing, reduces 87.82%；Beijing area is best using 34~36 DEG C
When phase transition temperature, the attenuation coefficient of phase transformation roofing is 0.03, compared with the 0.233 of non-phase transformation roofing, reduces 87.12%；It breathes out
When your shoreland area uses 31~33 DEG C of best phase transition temperature, the attenuation coefficient of phase transformation roofing is 0.033, with non-phase transformation roofing
0.234 compares, and reduces 85.9%；When Kunming Areas uses 29~31 DEG C of best phase transition temperature, the decaying system of phase transformation roofing
Number is 0.026, compared with the 0.232 of non-phase transformation roofing, reduces 88.79%.
Further, since phase-change material is covered on the top of ventilating layer, when day temperature is higher, heating, which is melted, absorbs
Extra heat, so the thickness of phase-change material, i.e. the number of the available amount of latent heat of phase-change material will affect the heat of phase transformation roofing
Work performance: if phase-change material is very few, extra heat outside the available inadequate absorption chamber of amount of latent heat, then to phase transformation roofing thermal technology's property
Being affected for energy, cannot effectively reduce the temperature of roofing inner surface；If phase-change material is excessive, the utilization of amount of latent heat
Rate becomes smaller, and reduces economy.The present invention obtains different regions phase change layer by research on the basis of best transition temperature range
Optimum thickness.For example, phase change layer Wuhan Area use 30mm optimum thickness when, the average latent heat utilization of phase-change material
Rate is up to 96%, and the attenuation coefficient of phase transformation roofing is 0.033, delay time 8h, longer than the delay time of other thickness, declines
Subtract that coefficient is lower, effect and the economy for optimizing roofing thermal property at this time are best.
Further, the thermal property of phase transformation ventilation roofing is not only influenced by the hot physical property of phase-change material, outdoor between the very night
When air themperature is lower, be passed through cold wind into precast concrete cassette ceiling, the heat taken away to the heat release of phase-change material with
And the temperature for reducing roofing inner surface all has a significant impact.The present invention obtains the optimum ventilation speed of different regions by research
Degree.For example, the inner surface maximum temperature of roofing is generally present in night when Wuhan Area uses the optimum ventilation speed of 2.5m/s
Between 22~23h, the delay time compared to stuffy operating condition roofing increases 4~5h, and the mean temperature of roofing inner surface tends to
30 DEG C, reduce 4.3 DEG C, the latent heat utilization rate of phase-change material levels off to 99%, greatly improves the thermal property of roofing.
As it can be seen that the phase transformation ventilating brick in compared to the prior art, the present invention is hot using the improvement of roof structure, phase-change material
The comprehensive function of the design of physical property and the optimization of Ventilation Strategies etc., makes the sizing phase transformation from embedded tubular ventilation roofing in different gas
Waiting area can be realized optimal heat storage performance.
On the other hand, present invention preferably employs modular designs, the ventilating system of roof structure can be divided into several units,
Each ventilation unit has a set of individual air supplying and exhausting system, include an air intake vent, several ventilation shafts and an air outlet, into
Air port part is corresponding with air outlet part.Heat is stored in phase transformation before building roof structure not yet forms refrigeration duty by daytime
Material simultaneously keeps roofing temperature to be basically unchanged, and makes full use of free natural outdoor cool breeze to pass through embedded tubular ventilating board at night
Phase-change material solidification heat release is taken away and abundant cold-storage, heat can be prevented to be directly entered interior, which weakens room significantly
Influence of the outer weather to indoor environment significantly reduces building enclosure inner wall temperature fluctuation, improves indoor thermal comfort, have
Effect solves the problems, such as that roofing heat output is big.
In addition to according to the characteristics of different weather burthen directly setting sizing phase transformation and embedded tubular ventilation roofing in summer
Beginning ventilation time and specific ventilation duration outside, the present invention can also discriminate whether to be aerated according to temperature.This hair
The bottom of the bright mid-section that first temperature sensor is preferably set to the embedded tubular ventilation shaft in a ventilation unit.
When the air duct middle section underlaying surface temperature that the first temperature sensor of night measures is higher than the outdoor air that second temperature sensor measures
When dry-bulb temperature, blower is opened, and open simultaneously the Electric air valve of air inlet part and air outlet part, open entire air duct.
It (can be preset, such as 0 or 2 DEG C) when the first temperature sensor temperature reaches certain value lower than second temperature sensor temperature,
Outdoor temperature is higher, and phase-change material is in heat absorption state, and blower is closed in control, and closes air inlet part and air outlet part
Electric air valve makes the air in air duct be in the state for stagnating circulation, can increase the thermal resistance of entire roofing, prevent excessive heat
Amount is transmitted to interior.Wind speed in air duct can be also adjusted to be suitable for wind speed by blower according to different climatic provinces.If by the first temperature
Sensor is installed on the entrance in air duct, and empty chamber air heats up after airflow direction absorption heat, rises to back segment cavity surface
To heat effect, it is unfavorable for the discharge of heat；If the first temperature sensor to be installed on to the outlet section in air duct, ventilation time compared with
Short, night cool breeze cooling capacity is not fully used, and phase-change material not yet solidifies completely at this time, is still had surplus heat and is not discharged, latent heat
Utilization rate is low.Blower and Electric air valve are preferably connected with the first temperature sensor and second temperature sensor, when second temperature passes
When sensor temperature reaches certain value lower than the first temperature sensor temperature (can preset, such as 0 or 2 DEG C), then control blower and
Electric air valve is opened simultaneously, is otherwise closed.The start and stop of second temperature device and the first protractor co- controlling blower and Electric air valve
State.The operating status synchronism switching of blower and Electric air valve.
The present invention preferably passes through stormproof louvre and air filter crosses rainwater and dust in air filtering, prevents blocking wind
Road, air are uniformly delivered in each air duct after guide vane, and the air duct comprising guide vane can play plenum chamber
Effect, steady air flow simultaneously reduce air-flow vibration, make blow effect it is more preferable.Blower can be equipped with buffer layer with mating, prevent
The noise that only fan operation generates reaches interior.
To sum up, sizing phase transformation and embedded tubular ventilation roofing are a kind of heat-insulated cooling-storage structures in the present invention, which can
It makes full use of free natural energy resources to weaken influence of the outdoor climate to indoor environment significantly, acts on building in outdoor environment
Face structure not yet forms before refrigeration duty heat being stored in phase-change material, will using outdoor cool breeze and sky long-wave radiation at night
Condensation thermal discharge is scattered to outdoor, while to roof structure cold-storage, greatly reduces heat in heat transfer chamber, and reduction even is eliminated roofing
Refrigeration duty, while building enclosure inner wall temperature change is greatly reduced, improves indoor thermal comfort.It can promote natural energy
Application of the source in building energy conservation emission reduction.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is a kind of structural schematic diagram of be formed phase transformation and embedded tubular ventilation roofing of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a kind of sizing phase transformation of the present invention and embedded tubular ventilation roofing Section A-A figure.
Fig. 3 is a kind of sizing phase transformation of the present invention and top view of the embedded tubular ventilation roofing in exemplary application.
The meaning of each appended drawing reference is as follows in figure: 1 is stormproof louvre, and 2 be air filter, and 3 be Electric air valve, and 4 be wind
Machine, 5 be guide vane, and 6 be embedded tubular ventilating board layer (i.e. embedded tubular ventilation shaft), and 7 be sloping layer, and 8 be screed-coat, 9
It is waterproof layer for phase-change material layers, 10,11 be protective layer, and 12 be the first temperature sensor.
Specific embodiment
In order to make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments, right
The present invention is further elaborated.It should be appreciated that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present invention, and
It is not used in the restriction present invention.As long as in addition, technical characteristic involved in the various embodiments of the present invention described below
Not constituting a conflict with each other can be combined with each other.
Sizing phase transformation and embedded tubular ventilation roofing in the present invention, it mainly includes embedded which, which belongs to horizental roof,
Tubular type ventilating board layer (6) and phase-change material layers (9), and the air inlet structure and air outlet structure of phase configuration therewith.Embedded pipe
Formula ventilating board layer (6) and phase-change material layers (9) belong to roof structure.Each component can be specifically set as follows:
Cold wind is uniformly introduced ventilation shaft for night by air inlet part, and phase transformation material is discharged using the cold air of flowing
The heat released when expecting by settable liquid into solid-state, avoids these heat transfers to interior.Air intake vent (i.e. air inlet) part
Can include: stormproof louvre 1, air filter 2, Electric air valve 3, blower 4, guide vane 5.Wherein blower 4 is used for cold to night
The flowing of air provides power, and optional rainwater and dust by stormproof louvre 1 and the air filtering excessively of air filter 2, prevents
Air duct is only blocked, air is preferably uniformly delivered in each air duct after guide vane 5, the air duct comprising guide vane
It can play the role of plenum chamber, steady air flow simultaneously reduces air-flow vibration, keeps air-supply effect more preferable.Blower 4 mating can be equipped with
Buffer layer, the noise for preventing fan operation from generating reach interior.
Roof structure part is used to enhance the heat insulation on roof, reduces interior surface of roof temperature peak, reduces incoming room
Interior heat, while playing the basic role of the roofings such as draining, load-bearing.Roof structure part may include embedded tubular ventilating board 6,
Phase-change material layers 9, while may also include roofing conventional structure, if sloping layer 7, screed-coat 8, waterproof layer 10, protective layer 11 are (as schemed
Shown in 1, phase-change material layers 9 can be located at the centre of roof structure, that is, be located at the middle part of roofing conventional structure).Embedded tubular is logical
Aerofoil 6 can realize by two ways, pre-buried ventilation shaft or directly utilize prefabricated concrete hollow slab in present room walling panel
Cavity carry out summer night ventilation.
The ventilating system of roof structure can be divided into several units, and each ventilation unit has a set of individual supply and exhaust system
System includes an air intake vent, several ventilation shafts and an air outlet.
When using pre-buried ventilation shaft in present room walling panel, several air-supplies can be designed as according to roofing actual size
Unit, the width of each blowing unit can be 1m, and it may include 8-10 root circular straighttube air duct, pipeline that length, which can be 7-11m,
Radius can be 40mm, and pipe laying form can be series connection and parallel connection.The present invention by taking parallel connection as an example, air intake vent and more in unit it is pre-buried
Air hose is connected, and makes night cold air evenly into each air duct under the action of blower and guide vane, through outlet air after heat exchange
Mouth discharge is outdoor.When using prefabricated concrete hollow slab, according to prefabricated concrete hollow slab quantity, it can be designed as several and send
Wind unit, each blowing unit for example may include 4 prefabricated concrete hollow slabs, and the width of unit is single concrete hollow
2 times of board width, the length of unit are 2 times of single concrete core slab length, and precast concrete cavity is as air duct, individually
Air intake vent is connected with a plurality of cavities in prefabricated board, and makes night cold air evenly into air duct, warp preferably by guide vane
Air outlet discharge is outdoor.
The phase-change material of phase-change material layers 9 states of matter can change and absorb heat when stationary temperature section is using phase transformation
Or heat release, to greatly enhance the heat-insulating capability of roofing.Sizing plate is fabricated to using phase-change material in the prior art to be laid in
Roof surface absorbs solar gain by phase transformation in the daytime, while keeping roofing temperature substantially constant, and roof can be greatly reduced
Surface temperature peak value, reduction are passed to indoor heat；Night, outdoor environment temperature decline, the room that phase-change material absorbs daytime
Outer heat part has partial heat that can lead to by putting with outdoor air heat convection and sky long-wave radiation heat exchange to outdoor
It crosses and thermally conductive reaches concrete floor.And after temperature is reduced to liquidus temperature, phase-change material gradually becomes solid-state from liquid.Due to
During phase-change material solidification is exothermic, partial heat can be passed to downwards interior, form refrigeration duty.And it is directed to this problem,
The present invention use embedded tubular ventilating board, make outdoor cool breeze blower driving under be passed through cored slab cavity, by with floor convection current
Roofing accumulation of heat and phase transformation solidification heat release are drained into outdoor, have not only enhanced the solidification heat release of phase-change material, but also realize entire room by heat exchange
The abundant cold-storage in face is effectively improved indoor thermal environment, reduces air conditioning energy consumption.
Air outlet part is used to the air after air duct exchanges heat draining into outdoor, can be by stormproof louvre 1 and Electric air valve 3
It constitutes.
The present invention can be using paraffin as phase-change material, using high molecular polythene as carrier supported material, the two
It is mixed and made into sizing phase-change material, which can guarantee that paraffin is undergoing phase transition front and back shape invariance, macroscopically
Still keep its solid shape.
Preferably, the first temperature sensor 12, temperature sensor peace are additionally provided in the air duct of embedded tubular ventilating board
The bottom of mid-section loaded on air duct enters for detecting the mean temperature of concrete face-board for room ventilating duct bottom, and individually
Air port preferably corresponds to a temperature sensor.
First temperature sensor 12 is preferably provided at the bottom of the mid-section in air duct.If the first temperature sensor is installed
Entrance in air duct, empty chamber air heat up after airflow direction absorption heat, play heat effect to back segment cavity surface,
It is unfavorable for the discharge of heat；If the first temperature sensor to be installed on to the outlet section in air duct, ventilation time is shorter, night cool breeze
Cooling capacity is not fully used, and phase-change material not yet solidifies completely at this time, is still had surplus heat and is not discharged, and latent heat utilization rate is low.
Preferably, the outdoor area above roof is provided with second temperature device sensor, which is used for
Detect outdoor air dry-bulb temperature；Blower 4 and Electric air valve 3 are connected with the first temperature sensor and second temperature sensor, when
It (can be preset, such as 0 or 2 DEG C) when second temperature sensor temperature reaches certain value lower than the first temperature sensor temperature, then
Control blower 4 and Electric air valve 3 are opened simultaneously, are otherwise closed.
The start and stop state of second temperature device and the first protractor co- controlling blower 4 and Electric air valve 3.Blower 4 and electronic
The operating status synchronism switching of air-valve 3.
Preferably, the ventilating system of roof structure can be divided into several units, and each ventilation unit, which has, a set of individually to be sent
Exhaust system is opposite with air outlet part comprising an air intake vent, several ventilation shafts and an air outlet, air inlet part
It answers.
Preferably, the opening direction (that is, normal line of butt end direction) of air inlet and air outlet is towards on the inside of roofing and and ground
In parallel, rainwater can be prevented to be directly entered channel, while keeps the beauty of roofing.
Preferably, the air duct of embedded tubular ventilating board 5 can be connected in parallel.When embedded tubular ventilating board 5 is prefabricated mixed
When solidifying soil cored slab, generally there are five cavitys for single prefabricated concrete hollow slab, then air is flowed into from air inlet, through guide vane
Evenly into five cavitys after shunting, it is discharged after absorbing the heat that phase-change material solidification is released by air outlet.
Preferably, in the junction of air inlet end and tunnel inlet, a side length is opened less than or equal to circular air channel diameter
Square orifice, specific opening mode can be as shown in Figure 2.
The phase transformation ventilation roofing by the outer effect of disturbing such as indoor and outdoor surroundings, pipeline interior air-flow temperature and speed, passes simultaneously
Thermal characteristics is codetermined by the thermal characteristics and construction of used material.
Above-mentioned sizing phase transformation is particularly suitable for playing a role in summer with embedded tubular ventilation roofing, its corresponding controlling party
Method can be such that the air duct middle section underlaying surface temperature measured when night (when such as night summer) first temperature sensor is higher than second
When the outdoor air dry-bulb temperature that temperature sensor measures, blower is opened, and open simultaneously air inlet part and air outlet part
Electric air valve, open entire air duct.It, can be according to different climatic provinces by the wind speed in air duct at this time such as above analyze
It is adjusted to be suitable for wind speed.It (can be set in advance when the first temperature sensor temperature reaches certain value lower than second temperature sensor temperature
It is fixed, such as 0 or 2 DEG C), outdoor temperature is higher, and phase-change material is in heat absorption state, and blower is closed in control, and closes air inlet part
With the Electric air valve of air outlet part, so that the air in air duct is in the state for stagnating circulation, the heat of entire roofing can be increased
Resistance prevents excessive heat transfer to interior.And when for instance in winter, blower and Electric air valve can be at the shape often closed
State.
The following are specific embodiments:
Embodiment 1
As shown in Figure 1, the present invention is suitable for sizing phase transformation and embedded tubular ventilated roofing system, include stormproof louvre 1,
Air filter 2, Electric air valve 3, blower 4, guide vane 5, embedded tubular ventilating board 6, phase-change material layers 9.Utilize phase transformation material
It is transmitted to the heat of roofing outside the characteristic absorption room of material, and the accumulation of heat of phase-change material is discharged by ventilating board, to reduce roofing
Internal surface temperature improves indoor thermal environment.Mid-section bottom in a wherein air duct installs the first temperature sensor, in roofing
Top is installed by second temperature sensor.The opening of air inlet and air outlet is towards on the inside of roofing.
As shown in Fig. 2, installation guide vane, is uniformly fed into multiple air ducts (such as the night cold air that air inlet sucks
Five air ducts) in.In the junction of air inlet end and tunnel inlet, the square orifice that a side length is no more than air duct diameter is opened,
And the width of the air duct containing guide vane part is equal with circular air channel diameter.
Entire Roof system is made of several units, such as when roofing uses prefabricated concrete hollow slab, can divide list
Member is configured；Each ventilation unit has a set of individual air supplying and exhausting system, includes an air intake vent, several ventilation shafts and one
A air outlet.For example, each unit may include 4 prefabricated concrete hollow slabs, this 4 prefabricated concrete hollow slabs can divide
One times is not each extended over along the length direction of prefabricated concrete hollow slab and width direction, i.e. unit overall width is single coagulation
2 times of the hollow board width of soil, unit entire length are 2 times of single concrete core slab length, precast concrete cavity conduct
Air duct, single air intake vent are connected with a plurality of cavities in prefabricated board, make night cold air evenly into air duct using guide vane,
It is discharged through air outlet outdoor.
For example, a length of 19.2m, the roofing that width is 14.4m embeds pipe using sizing phase transformation and embedded tubular ventilation roofing
Formula ventilation roofing uses concrete core slab.Then the roofing is made of 32 units, and arrangement mode is as shown in Figure 3 (in Fig. 3
Arrow direction is the wind direction signal in precast concrete cavity).
Corresponding control method can be, when summer, when the outdoor air dry bulb temperature that night second temperature sensor measures
When degree is lower than the air duct mid-section underlaying surface temperature that the first temperature sensor measures, blower is opened, and open simultaneously air inlet
The Electric air valve of part and air outlet part, opens entire air duct.At this time according to different climatic provinces by the wind speed tune in air duct
To suitable wind speed (the suitable wind speed of such as hot-summer and cold-winter area is 2.5m/s).When the outdoor air that second temperature sensor measures is dry
When ball temperature is higher than the air duct mid-section underlaying surface temperature that the first temperature sensor measures, outside air temperature is higher, control
Blower is closed, and closes the Electric air valve of air inlet part and air outlet part, the air in air duct is in and stagnates circulation
State can increase the thermal resistance of entire roofing, prevent excessive heat transfer to interior.And when for instance in winter, blower
And Electric air valve can be at the state often closed.
Transition temperature range has larger impact to the thermal property of phase transformation roofing, if phase transition temperature is relatively low, outdoor temperature
Less lower than the time of setting temperature, night heat release is poor, and it is insufficient to there is a situation where that night solidifies；If phase transition temperature is higher,
Then outdoor temperature is less higher than the time of melt temperature, and daytime, heat absorption was poor, and it is insufficient to there is a situation where that daytime melts.Optimum
Phase transition temperature be to absorb heat on phase-change material daytime and find an equalization point between night heat release, improve phase-change material
Latent heat utilization rate.The present invention obtains the optimum transition temperature range of different regions by further research.According to " civilian to build
Build Thermal Design specification " (GB50176-2016), 5 climatic provinces of China's Thermal Design division, respectively severe cold area, cold ground
Area, hot-summer and cold-winter area, hot summer and warm winter region and mild area.(mild regional most cold as the mild area of representative using Kunming
0~13 DEG C of monthly mean temperature, most hot 18~25 DEG C of monthly mean temperature), transition temperature range is 29 to 31 DEG C；Using Guangzhou as generation
The hot summer and warm winter region (the most cold monthly mean temperature in hot summer and warm winter region is greater than 10 DEG C, most hot 25~29 DEG C of monthly mean temperature) of table,
Transition temperature range is 34 to 36 DEG C；Using Wuhan as hot-summer and cold-winter area (the most cold monthly average temperature of hot-summer and cold-winter area of representative
0~10 DEG C of degree, most hot 25~30 DEG C of monthly mean temperature), transition temperature range is 36 to 38 DEG C；Using Beijing as cold of representative
Regional (most cold 0~-10 DEG C of the monthly mean temperature of cold district), transition temperature range are 34 to 36 DEG C；Using Harbin as representative
Severe cold area (the most cold monthly mean temperature in severe cold area be less than -10 DEG C), transition temperature range is 31 to 33 DEG C.For example, Wuhan
When area uses 36 to 38 DEG C of best phase transition temperature, the average latent heat utilization rate of phase-change material is up to 96%, phase transformation roofing
Attenuation coefficient is 0.033, compared with the attenuation coefficient of non-phase transformation roofing 0.232, reduces 85.78%；In Guangzhou Area uses 34
When~36 DEG C of best phase transition temperature, the attenuation coefficient of phase transformation roofing is 0.028, compared with the 0.23 of non-phase transformation roofing, is reduced
87.82%；When Beijing area uses 34~36 DEG C of best phase transition temperature, the attenuation coefficient of phase transformation roofing is 0.03, and non-
The 0.233 of phase transformation roofing is compared, and reduces 87.12%；When Border in Harbin Area uses 31~33 DEG C of best phase transition temperature, phase transformation
The attenuation coefficient of roofing is 0.033, compared with the 0.234 of non-phase transformation roofing, reduces 85.9%；Kunming Areas uses 29~31
DEG C best phase transition temperature when, the attenuation coefficient of phase transformation roofing is 0.026, compared with the 0.232 of non-phase transformation roofing, is reduced
88.79%.
In the present invention, the adjustment of the phase transition temperature of phase-change material can be directly referring to the prior art, and selection has corresponding phase
The material of temperature.
Phase-change material is covered on the inside of ventilation roofing, and heating, which is melted, when day temperature is higher absorbs extra heat, institute
With the thickness of phase-change material, i.e. the number of the available amount of latent heat of phase-change material will affect the thermal property of phase transformation roofing: if phase
Change material is very few, and extra heat, then be affected to phase transformation roofing thermal property outside the available inadequate absorption chamber of amount of latent heat,
The temperature of roofing inner surface cannot be effectively reduced；If phase-change material is excessive, the utilization rate of amount of latent heat becomes smaller, and reduces warp
Ji property.On the basis of the above-mentioned best transition temperature range of the present invention, the most suitable of different regions phase change layer is obtained by further studying
Suitable thickness, using Kunming as the mild area of representative, when transition temperature range is 29 to 31 DEG C, phase-change material suitable depth is
25mm；Using Guangzhou as the hot summer and warm winter region of representative, when transition temperature range is 34 to 36 DEG C, phase-change material suitable depth is
30mm；Using Wuhan as the hot-summer and cold-winter area of representative, when transition temperature range is 36 to 38 DEG C, phase-change material suitable depth is
35mm；Using Beijing as the cold district of representative, when transition temperature range is 34 to 36 DEG C, phase-change material suitable depth is
30mm；Using Harbin as the severe cold area of representative, when transition temperature range is 31 to 33 DEG C, phase-change material suitable depth is
30mm.For example, phase change layer is when Wuhan Area uses the optimum thickness of 35mm, the average latent heat utilization rate of phase-change material is up to
96%, the attenuation coefficient of phase transformation roofing is 0.033, delay time 8h, longer than the delay time of other thickness, is optimized at this time
The effect and economy of roofing thermal property are best.
The thermal property of phase transformation ventilation roofing is not only influenced by the hot physical property of phase-change material, between the very night outside air temperature compared with
When low, it is passed through cold wind into precast concrete cassette ceiling, heat release and reduction roofing of the heat taken away to phase-change material
The temperature of inner surface all has a significant impact.The present invention obtains the optimum ventilation speed of different regions by research, with Kunming
For the mild area of representative, optimum wind speed of divulging information is 1.8m/s, start ventilation time be 6~7h after sunrise time (i.e.
Beijing time BJT13:00~14:00), when ventilation a length of 16~17h (ventilation duration is to be counted using starting ventilation time as starting point
The ventilation whole process duration of calculation)；Using Guangzhou as the hot summer and warm winter region of representative, optimum divulges information wind speed as 2.3m/s, starts to lead to
The wind time is 14~15h (i.e. Beijing time BJT20:00~21:00) after sunrise time, when ventilation a length of 9~11h；?
Using Wuhan as the hot-summer and cold-winter area of representative, optimum divulges information wind speed as 2.5m/s, starts ventilation time as after sunrise time
16~17h (i.e. Beijing time BJT 22:00~23:00), when ventilation a length of 6~8h；Using Beijing as the cold district of representative,
Optimum divulges information wind speed as 2.0m/s, and starting ventilation time is 13~14h (i.e. Beijing time BJT 19:00 after sunrise time
~20:00), when ventilation a length of 11~12h；Using Harbin as the severe cold area of representative, optimum ventilation wind speed is 1.9m/s,
Starting ventilation time is 13~14h (i.e. Beijing time BJT 18:00~19:00) after sunrise time, when ventilation a length of 13~
15h.For example, the maximum temperature of roofing is generally present in night 22 when Wuhan Area uses the optimum ventilation speed of 2.5m/s
~23h, the delay time compared to stuffy operating condition roofing increases 4~5h, and the mean temperature of roofing inner surface tends to 30 DEG C,
The latent heat utilization rate of phase-change material levels off to 99%, greatly improves the thermal property of roofing.
Known materials in the prior art can be used in phase-change material layers in the present invention；For example, excellent for institute in the present invention
Latent heat of phase change of the sizing of choosing in high density polyethylene (HDPE) backing material meets the paraffin phase change material layer of 200-250kJ/kg, should
The adjustment of its phase transition temperature of phase-change material layers can directly use for reference the prior art and obtain the phase-change material (example of different phase transition temperatures
Such as compound high melting solid phase change paraffin and low-melting-point liquid phase-change material to have obtained suitable phase transition temperature by certain proportion
Phase change paraffin material).Specific type-approval process, such as can be paraffin and high density polyethylene (HDPE) melting, then it is being higher than height
After mixing the two in certain mass ratio at a temperature of density polyethylene fusing point, makes mixture cooling, form specific phase alternating temperature
Spend the sizing phase-change material of range and phase change layer thickness.In addition, comparing the first temperature sensor 12 and second temperature device sensor
The temperature value that the two detects can directly adopt comparator component in the prior art, reduce the cost of labor management.
Attenuation coefficient and delay time in the present invention meet the usual definition of this field, can be used as evaluation roofing thermal technology property
The index of energy.For example, the attenuation coefficient of building enclosure is the ratio of building enclosure internal surface temperature wave amplitude and hull-skin temperature wave amplitude
Value, temperature wave amplitude, that is, maximum temperature of instant time temperature and the difference of minimum temperature；Attenuation factor can reflect building enclosure inner surface
The amplitude that temperature is influenced by outer temperature.In another example the delay time of building enclosure is its inner surface maximum temperature (or lowest temperature
Degree) occur time and outer surface maximum temperature (or minimum temperature) occur time difference, delay time is longer, then goes along with sb. to guard him knot
Structure internal surface temperature is more late to be influenced by outside air temperature fluctuation.
The division in the area such as hot summer and warm winter region, hot-summer and cold-winter area meets climatic conventional division in the present invention, draws
Point principle see, for example, " code for thermal design of civil buildings " (GB50176-2016).
As it will be easily appreciated by one skilled in the art that the foregoing is merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, not to
The limitation present invention, any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should all include
Within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of sizing phase transformation and embedded tubular ventilation roofing, which is characterized in that including having phase-change material layers (9) and interior simultaneously
The roofing layer of embedding tubular type ventilation shaft (6), and air inlet and air outlet on the roofing layer, wherein the phase transformation material
The bed of material (9) is located at the top of the embedded tubular ventilation shaft (6), and for absorbing heat phase occurs for the phase-change material layers (9)
Become or releases heat for phase transformation；
One end of the air inlet and the air outlet is all set in outdoor, and the other end is used to and the embedded tubular ventilation duct
Road (6) is connected, and Electric air valve (3) and blower (4) are provided on the air inlet, is also equipped with Electric air valve on the air outlet
(3), the blower (4) is used to convey outdoor air to the embedded tubular ventilation shaft (6), and the Electric air valve (3) is used for
Switch the air inlet and the air outlet present position outdoor air be connected to the embedded tubular ventilation shaft (6) with it is non-
The state of connection, to switch the state whether outdoor air enters the embedded tubular ventilation shaft (6).
2. sizing phase transformation and embedded tubular ventilation roofing as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the phase-change material layers (9)
The latent heat of phase change being specially formed in high density polyethylene (HDPE) backing material meets the paraffin phase change material layer of 200-250kJ/kg；
Also, when outdoor belongs to mild area, described its phase transition temperature of phase-change material layers (9) is 29 to 31 DEG C；When outdoor belongs to the summer
When the hot winter is warm regional, described its phase transition temperature of phase-change material layers (9) is 34 to 36 DEG C；When outdoor belongs to hot-summer and cold-winter area,
Described its phase transition temperature of phase-change material layers (9) is 36 to 38 DEG C；When outdoor belongs to cold district, the phase-change material layers (9)
Its phase transition temperature is 34 to 36 DEG C；When outdoor belongs to severe cold area, described its phase transition temperature of phase-change material layers (9) is 31 to 33
℃。
3. sizing phase transformation and embedded tubular ventilation roofing as claimed in claim 2, which is characterized in that when outdoor belongs to mild area
When, the phase-change material layers (9) with a thickness of 25mm；When outdoor belongs to hot summer and warm winter region, the phase-change material layers (9)
With a thickness of 30mm；When outdoor belongs to hot-summer and cold-winter area, the phase-change material layers (9) with a thickness of 35mm；When outdoor belongs to
When cold district, the phase-change material layers (9) with a thickness of 30mm；When outdoor belongs to severe cold area, the phase-change material layers
(9) with a thickness of 30mm.
4. sizing phase transformation and embedded tubular ventilation roofing as claimed in claim 3, which is characterized in that when outdoor belongs to mild area
When, the blower (4) is for providing the ventilation speed of 1.8m/s, and the beginning ventilation time of the blower (4) is after sunrise time
6~7h, when ventilation a length of 16~17h；When outdoor belongs to hot summer and warm winter region, the blower (4) is for providing 2.3m/
The ventilation time that starts of the ventilation speed of s, the blower (4) is 14~15h after sunrise time, when ventilation a length of 9~
11h；When outdoor belongs to hot-summer and cold-winter area, the blower (4) is for providing the ventilation speed of 2.5m/s, the blower (4)
The ventilation time that starts be 16~17h after sunrise time, when ventilation a length of 6~8h；It is described when outdoor belongs to cold district
Blower (4) for providing the ventilation speed of 2.0m/s, the blower (4) start ventilation time be after sunrise time 13~
14h, when ventilation a length of 11~12h；When outdoor belongs to severe cold area, the blower (4) is used to provide the ventilation speed of 1.9m/s
The ventilation time that starts of degree, the blower (4) is 13~14h after sunrise time, when ventilation a length of 13~15h.
5. sizing phase transformation and embedded tubular ventilation roofing as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the roofing layer further includes looking for
Slope layer (7), screed-coat (8), waterproof layer (10) and protective layer (11), the roofing layer successively include the protective layer from top to bottom
(11), the waterproof layer (10), the phase-change material layers (9), the screed-coat (8), the sloping layer (7) and the embedded pipe
Formula ventilation shaft (6)；
The embedded tubular ventilation shaft (6) be pre-buried ventilation shaft or be prefabricated concrete hollow slab cavity.
6. sizing phase transformation and embedded tubular ventilation roofing as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the sizing phase transformation with embed
Tubular type ventilation roofing includes several ventilation units, and any one of ventilation unit includes the air inlet, one
The air outlet and several described embedded tubular ventilation shafts (6)；This several described embedded tubular ventilation shaft (6) includes
8~10 pre-buried circular straighttube air ducts in concrete slab, the radius in any one air duct are 40mm；It is any one of logical
The width of wind unit is 1m, length 7-11m, these circular straighttube air ducts are one another in series and/or connect, and thus constitutes several
The embedded tubular ventilation shaft (6).
7. sizing phase transformation and embedded tubular ventilation roofing as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the sizing phase transformation with embed
Tubular type ventilation roofing includes several ventilation units, and any one of ventilation unit includes the air inlet, one
The air outlet and several described embedded tubular ventilation shafts (6)；This several described embedded tubular ventilation shaft (6) is pre-
The cavity of concrete core slab processed, and the cavity of 4 pieces of prefabricated concrete hollow slabs is corresponded specifically to, the radius of any one cavity
For 40mm；The width of the ventilation unit is 2 times of single prefabricated concrete hollow slab width, and length is that single precast concrete is empty
2 times of core length.
8. sizing phase transformation and embedded tubular ventilation roofing as claimed in claims 6 or 7, which is characterized in that any one of
The bottom of the mid-section of several embedded tubular ventilation shafts (6) of ventilation unit is additionally provided with a temperature sensing
Device, the temperature sensor are the first temperature sensor (12), and the temperature sensor is for measuring this several described embedded pipe
The mean temperature of formula ventilation shaft (6) bottom end；
Outdoor area above the sizing phase transformation and embedded tubular ventilation roofing is additionally provided with second temperature device sensor, should
Second temperature sensor is for detecting outdoor air dry-bulb temperature；First temperature sensor (12) and the second temperature device
Sensor is connected with the Electric air valve (3) and the blower (4), and the Electric air valve (3) passes according to first temperature
The temperature value switching switch state that sensor (12) and the second temperature device sensor detect, the blower (4) then basis
The temperature value switchover operation and inoperative that first temperature sensor (12) and the second temperature device sensor detect
State.
9. be formed as described in claim 1-8 any one phase transformation and embedded tubular ventilation roofing, which is characterized in that the air inlet
Stormproof louvre (1) and air filter (2) are additionally provided on mouthful, the stormproof louvre (1) is for blocking outdoor rain, the sky
Air filter (2) is for the dust in transition outdoor air, and outdoor air is for successively by the stormproof louvre (1), described
Air filter (2), the Electric air valve (3) and the blower (4) enter in the embedded tubular ventilation shaft (6)；
The stormproof louvre (1) for blocking outdoor rain is also equipped on the air outlet；
There are multiple embedded tubular ventilation shafts (6) in the roofing layer, be additionally provided with guide vane on the air inlet
(5), the guide vane (5) is located at the rear end of the blower (4), the guide vane (5) cooperate the blower (4) be used for
Outdoor air is uniformly conveyed in these embedded tubular ventilation shafts (6).
10. be formed as described in claim 1-9 any one phase transformation and embedded tubular ventilation roofing, which is characterized in that for institute
It states air inlet and the air outlet is set to outdoor one end, their opening direction is towards roofing inside and flat with horizontal plane
Row.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201811068101.7A CN109403556B (en) | 2018-09-13 | 2018-09-13 | Shaping phase-change and embedded pipe type ventilation roof |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201811068101.7A CN109403556B (en) | 2018-09-13 | 2018-09-13 | Shaping phase-change and embedded pipe type ventilation roof |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN109403556A true CN109403556A (en) | 2019-03-01 |
| CN109403556B CN109403556B (en) | 2024-03-19 |
Family
ID=65464249
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201811068101.7A Active CN109403556B (en) | 2018-09-13 | 2018-09-13 | Shaping phase-change and embedded pipe type ventilation roof |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN109403556B (en) |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110565880A (en) * | 2019-08-19 | 2019-12-13 | 中国建筑材料科学研究总院有限公司 | Cooling integration roof boarding reaches cooling integration roof including it |
| CN113914423A (en) * | 2021-09-27 | 2022-01-11 | 苏州美瑞德建筑装饰有限公司 | Hospital space wall construction process and structure convenient for water pipe installation |
| CN114754435A (en) * | 2022-06-14 | 2022-07-15 | 南京智铁电气有限公司 | Control method for optimizing energy consumption of air conditioner of high-speed rail station room |
| WO2024033956A1 (en) | 2022-08-12 | 2024-02-15 | Universita' Degli Studi Di Ferrara | Thermal barrier for ventilated roofs |
Citations (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN201191057Y (en) * | 2008-04-03 | 2009-02-04 | 广州市建筑科学研究院 | Mechanical ventilation roofing |
| CN201857705U (en) * | 2010-10-28 | 2011-06-08 | 东北石油大学 | Roofing heat insulation structure with air passage and phase change material |
| CN105735516A (en) * | 2016-02-20 | 2016-07-06 | 太原理工大学 | Heat storage type controllable double-channel ventilation heat preservation wall system and operation method thereof |
| CN106813333A (en) * | 2017-01-09 | 2017-06-09 | 湖南大学 | Double pipe laying air through tunnels couple air-conditioning system with phase-changing energy-storing |
| CN106836522A (en) * | 2017-03-01 | 2017-06-13 | 华中科技大学 | One kind self-regulation phase transformation Te Langbei walls |
| CN107313520A (en) * | 2017-06-24 | 2017-11-03 | 江西理工大学 | A kind of double-deck phase-change accumulation energy air-conditioning system based on Ventilating wall |
| CN107883421A (en) * | 2017-12-07 | 2018-04-06 | 西安建筑科技大学 | Phase-changing energy-storing capillary network radiation floor/ceiling heat/cool integral system |
| CN208996328U (en) * | 2018-09-13 | 2019-06-18 | 华中科技大学 | A kind of sizing phase transformation and embedded tubular ventilation roofing |
-
2018
- 2018-09-13 CN CN201811068101.7A patent/CN109403556B/en active Active
Patent Citations (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN201191057Y (en) * | 2008-04-03 | 2009-02-04 | 广州市建筑科学研究院 | Mechanical ventilation roofing |
| CN201857705U (en) * | 2010-10-28 | 2011-06-08 | 东北石油大学 | Roofing heat insulation structure with air passage and phase change material |
| CN105735516A (en) * | 2016-02-20 | 2016-07-06 | 太原理工大学 | Heat storage type controllable double-channel ventilation heat preservation wall system and operation method thereof |
| CN106813333A (en) * | 2017-01-09 | 2017-06-09 | 湖南大学 | Double pipe laying air through tunnels couple air-conditioning system with phase-changing energy-storing |
| CN106836522A (en) * | 2017-03-01 | 2017-06-13 | 华中科技大学 | One kind self-regulation phase transformation Te Langbei walls |
| CN107313520A (en) * | 2017-06-24 | 2017-11-03 | 江西理工大学 | A kind of double-deck phase-change accumulation energy air-conditioning system based on Ventilating wall |
| CN107883421A (en) * | 2017-12-07 | 2018-04-06 | 西安建筑科技大学 | Phase-changing energy-storing capillary network radiation floor/ceiling heat/cool integral system |
| CN208996328U (en) * | 2018-09-13 | 2019-06-18 | 华中科技大学 | A kind of sizing phase transformation and embedded tubular ventilation roofing |
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110565880A (en) * | 2019-08-19 | 2019-12-13 | 中国建筑材料科学研究总院有限公司 | Cooling integration roof boarding reaches cooling integration roof including it |
| CN110565880B (en) * | 2019-08-19 | 2022-02-01 | 中国建筑材料科学研究总院有限公司 | Cooling integration roof boarding reaches cooling integration roof including it |
| CN113914423A (en) * | 2021-09-27 | 2022-01-11 | 苏州美瑞德建筑装饰有限公司 | Hospital space wall construction process and structure convenient for water pipe installation |
| CN114754435A (en) * | 2022-06-14 | 2022-07-15 | 南京智铁电气有限公司 | Control method for optimizing energy consumption of air conditioner of high-speed rail station room |
| CN114754435B (en) * | 2022-06-14 | 2022-09-02 | 南京智铁电气有限公司 | Control method for optimizing energy consumption of air conditioner of high-speed rail station room |
| WO2024033956A1 (en) | 2022-08-12 | 2024-02-15 | Universita' Degli Studi Di Ferrara | Thermal barrier for ventilated roofs |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN109403556B (en) | 2024-03-19 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN109403556A (en) | A kind of sizing phase transformation and embedded tubular ventilation roofing | |
| CN104746647B (en) | Active and passive combined annual phase-change energy storage room capable of being used all year around | |
| CN106836522B (en) | A kind of self-regulation phase transformation Te Langbei wall | |
| CN103925635B (en) | A kind of all-weather solar energy supplying system | |
| CN107313520A (en) | A kind of double-deck phase-change accumulation energy air-conditioning system based on Ventilating wall | |
| CN104728979B (en) | A kind of Renovation of air-conditioning system method and apparatus of application all-weather solar heat supply | |
| CN102589078A (en) | Ventilation system and operation method thereof | |
| CN101403526B (en) | Improved electricity-saving method for temperature-controlling air conditioner of unattended machine room or base station | |
| JPH0348299B2 (en) | ||
| CN208996328U (en) | A kind of sizing phase transformation and embedded tubular ventilation roofing | |
| CN108458505A (en) | A kind of exterior window insulation air collector | |
| CN101922184B (en) | Active dynamic air wall | |
| CN105544746B (en) | A kind of building structure and its method using shading system energy-conservation | |
| CN109737486B (en) | Combined heating system of heat collection and storage wall and air water heat collector | |
| JPH0670528B2 (en) | Solar system house | |
| CN111550859A (en) | Partition type solar ventilation and heating system capable of alternately operating day and night | |
| CN201794319U (en) | Dual-purpose heating and drying room with solar air collector | |
| JP2954872B2 (en) | House | |
| CN202281302U (en) | Self-control hot-wind type solar floor heat accumulation system | |
| CN202024496U (en) | Solar heat accumulating air channel for preheating air | |
| CN108167989A (en) | A kind of building roof interlayer and basement energy conserving system | |
| CA1140416A (en) | Solar energy collector and system | |
| CN208011965U (en) | A kind of hot activation architectural energy saving system | |
| CN209431591U (en) | A kind of air-conditioning device | |
| CN209277601U (en) | A kind of energy-saving building structure that can be kept the temperature |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |