CN109399872B - Rapid comprehensive restoration method for heavy metal polluted lake - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides a rapid comprehensive restoration method for a heavy metal polluted lake, which relates to the field of pollution treatment and comprises the following steps: throwing a certain amount of lime powder in the lake at 8:00-10:00 a day, and sampling and detecting at 17:00-18:00 a day to monitor the pH change of the water body; when the pH value of the water body is 7-9, a mollusk is put into the water and an artificial floating island is put into the water, aquatic plants are planted on the artificial floating island, and a heavy metal adsorbent is arranged in the artificial floating island; timely harvesting and replanting aquatic plants, drying the harvested aquatic plants in the sun, burning or deeply burying the aquatic plants, continuously sampling, detecting and monitoring heavy metals in a water body, fishing and burning or deeply burying mollusks after the heavy metals are qualified, and finally taking out the artificial floating island.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of pollution treatment, in particular to a rapid comprehensive restoration method for a heavy metal polluted lake.
Background
The lakes are important material bases on which human beings live and develop, and are important fresh water impoundments on the earth, and 90% of the fresh water resources available on the earth surface are accumulated in the lakes. China is a multi-lake country, and is a multi-point wide-spread inland lake star chess, so that the management and protection of lake water quality are enhanced, and the method is one of important tasks of water resource management and protection. In parts of China, abundant mineral resources exist, and development and utilization of the mineral resources bring great economic benefits and also can cause many worrying environmental problems. Industries such as mining, smelting and the like can generate wastewater containing high-concentration heavy metals, and if the wastewater is directly discharged into lakes without treatment, the wastewater can cause great harm to animals and plants in the lakes and surrounding lakes, and even threaten the life safety and health of human beings.
The heavy metal pollution of the water body mainly refers to Hg, Cd, Pb and Cr with remarkable biological toxicity, and in addition, Zn, Cu, Co, Ni, Sn, V and the like with toxicity are also included. They are concentrated in soil and organisms, contaminate soil and crops, are highly detrimental to the growth, yield and quality of crops, and can also be absorbed by crops into the food chain with the potential risk of damaging human and animal health. Heavy metal Cd is an important pollutant in the environment, often coexists in nature to form composite pollution, is mostly a non-degradable toxic substance, does not have natural purification capacity, and is difficult to remove once entering a water body. In recent years, with the development of urbanization and industrialization, the pollution and ecological damage of heavy metal elements to the environment become more serious, especially sudden heavy metal pollution, and the survival and development of human beings are seriously threatened.
At present, the following methods are mainly used for treating and repairing the lake pollution: 1. the phytoremediation technology is characterized in that plants are used for removing heavy metals in a water environment and reducing heavy metal pollution in the water environment, the technology is low in investment and maintenance cost, convenient to operate, free of secondary pollution, more adaptive to the requirement of environmental protection, and has the advantages of potential or remarkable economic benefit and the like, but due to the difference of factors such as water pollution, the characteristics of the remediation plants and the like, screening of suitable remediation plants becomes the core and key of popularization and practical application of the phytoremediation technology of the heavy metal polluted water area; 2. bioremediation, which is a technology developed in recent years, is to take heavy metal ions in wastewater into bacteria cells and remove the heavy metal ions by utilizing microorganisms such as pseudomonas, saccharomycetes and mould fungi which have tolerance to the heavy metal ions with higher concentration; 3. the physical and chemical repair technology comprises a plurality of specific treatment methods, such as chemical precipitation, solvent extraction, ion exchange, membrane separation, activated carbon and silica gel adsorption and the like, has high cost, complex operation and higher requirements on equipment and technology, and each repair technology has advantages and certain defects.
The patent with publication number CN 105254017A discloses an ecological comprehensive treatment method for eutrophic and heavy metal polluted water. The existing technology has low efficiency, therefore, the ecological comprehensive treatment method for eutrophic and heavy metal polluted water body is characterized in that water hyacinth on a wide water surface at the bow of a ship is cut at a feed inlet through a high-speed steel wire rope type root and leaf separation cutting knife, and the cut stem leaves and roots are gathered and concentrated by the side wall of the horn-shaped feed inlet to form a thick layer and are collected by a root chain rod type conveying net and a stem leaf chain rod type conveying net, so that the efficiency is high; the special airing device is adopted to air and dehydrate the floating plants, 60-70% of water is accurately removed, and the dry matter and nutrition of the floating plants are improved. The invention is suitable for treating eutrophication pollution and heavy metal pollution in closed water areas such as inland lakes and ponds or open water areas such as rivers and canals invaded by water hyacinth and water peanuts, and is a powerful weapon for treating water area pollution and changing waste into valuables.
Disclosure of Invention
Technical problem to be solved
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a rapid comprehensive restoration method for a heavy metal polluted lake.
(II) technical scheme
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a rapid comprehensive restoration method for a heavy metal polluted lake comprises the following steps:
(1) throwing a certain amount of lime powder in the lake at 8:00-10:00 a day, and sampling and detecting at 17:00-18:00 a day to monitor the pH change of the water body;
(2) when the pH value of the water body is 7-9, a mollusk is put into the water and an artificial floating island is put into the water, aquatic plants are planted on the artificial floating island, and a heavy metal adsorbent is arranged in the artificial floating island;
(3) timely harvesting and replanting aquatic plants, drying the harvested aquatic plants in the sun, burning or deeply burying the aquatic plants, continuously sampling, detecting and monitoring heavy metals in a water body, fishing and burning or deeply burying mollusks after the heavy metals are qualified, and finally taking out the artificial floating island.
Preferably, the area of the artificial floating island is 1/2-2/3 of the area of the lake.
Preferably, artificial chinampa package rubbing board body, the plate body middle part is planted there is the aquatic plant, the left and right sides of plate body is equipped with solar panel, the bottom of plate body is equipped with the bounding wall all around, the bottom of bounding wall is equipped with the string bag, the dispersion has the heavy metal adsorbent between string bag and the plate body, be connected with the screw through the connecting rod on the bounding wall, the screw is by battery drive, be equipped with on the circuit between screw and the battery and open and closed remote control switch through controller remote control.
Preferably, the bottom of the plate body is provided with a plurality of buoys.
Preferably, the solar panel is connected with the storage battery through a wire, and an inverter is arranged on the wire.
Preferably, the mollusk is a clam or pacific oyster.
Preferably, the aquatic plant is at least one of water hyacinth, pistia stratiotes, rhizoma alismatis, duckweed, polygonum hydropiper, duckweed and Japanese duckweed.
Preferably, the heavy metal adsorbent is ferric hydroxide/manganese dioxide doped mesophase carbon microspheres.
Preferably, the preparation method of the ferric hydroxide/manganese oxide doped carbon microsphere comprises the following steps:
(1) slowly dropwise adding ammonia water into ferric nitrate solution until the pH value of the mixed solution is 7-8, stirring for 10-20min, heating to 40-50 ℃, reacting for 40-60min, filtering, washing solid with water, and drying to obtain ferric hydroxide;
(2) dissolving potassium permanganate with deionized water, slowly dropwise adding concentrated hydrochloric acid, performing ultrasonic oscillation for 20-40min, adding the ferric hydroxide, continuing the ultrasonic oscillation for 20-40min, sealing the mixed solution, putting the mixed solution into an oven, heating to 110 ℃, reacting for 2-5h, taking out, cooling, filtering, respectively cleaning with anhydrous ethanol and distilled water for 3 times, and finally performing vacuum drying at 80 ℃ to obtain manganese dioxide coated ferric hydroxide;
(3) adding manganese dioxide coated iron hydroxide into a formaldehyde solution, stirring for 10-20min, adding a formic acid solution, continuing stirring until the solution becomes turbid, dropwise adding a hydrochloric acid solution, stopping stirring, standing for 20-25h, washing with water and ethanol, and activating to obtain the iron hydroxide/manganese dioxide doped carbon microspheres.
Preferably, the activation method is as follows: heating to 140 deg.C at 20 deg.C/min in a muffle furnace, holding for 2 hr, heating to 200 deg.C at 5 deg.C/min, holding for 1 hr, heating to 450 deg.C at 5 deg.C/min, air cooling, and discharging.
(III) advantageous effects
The invention provides a rapid comprehensive restoration method for a heavy metal polluted lake, which has the following beneficial effects:
according to the invention, the aquatic plants, the heavy metal adsorbent and the mollusks respectively adsorb heavy metals in the lake at the upper, middle and lower positions of the water body, so that the lake is more comprehensive and has no dead angle, and the heavy metal adsorption modes of plants, biology and physical chemistry are combined, so that the lake polluted by the heavy metals is repaired more quickly and efficiently, and the treatment effect is good; the artificial floating island achieves high coordination and unification of ecological benefit, economic benefit and landscape benefit, the heavy metal adsorbent is ferric hydroxide/manganese oxide doped carbon microspheres, the carbon microspheres are used as carriers to enable the heavy metal adsorbent to be suspended in water and fully contact with the water, the adsorption efficiency of the heavy metal adsorbent and heavy metal ions is improved, the manganese dioxide coats the ferric hydroxide, the ferric hydroxide can expand internal pore channels of the manganese dioxide and increase the surface area, the heavy metal ions such as cadmium, copper, zinc, lead and arsenic in the water replace the manganese to generate a complex to play an adsorption role, the larger the area of the manganese dioxide is, the better the adsorption effect is, the heavy metal adsorbent is always located in the artificial floating island, additional manual treatment is not needed after the restoration is finished, the use is simple and convenient, the restoration speed of lakes polluted by the heavy metals is high, and the restoration effect is good.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an artificial floating island;
the reference numbers in the figures represent respectively:
1. a solar panel; 2. a plate body; 3. a float bowl; 4. a propeller; 5. enclosing plates; 6. a net bag; 7. a heavy metal adsorbent.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1:
a rapid comprehensive restoration method for a heavy metal polluted lake comprises the following steps:
(1) throwing a certain amount of lime powder in the lake at 8:00-10:00 a day, and sampling and detecting at 17:00-18:00 a day to monitor the pH change of the water body;
(2) when the pH value of the water body is 7-9, putting clams into the water and putting an artificial floating island, wherein the area of the artificial floating island is 1/2 of the area of the lake, the artificial floating island is planted with water hyacinth, pistia stratiotes and rhizoma alismatis, and a heavy metal adsorbent is arranged in the artificial floating island;
(3) harvesting and reseeding the water hyacinth, the pistia stratiotes and the rhizoma alismatis timely, drying the harvested water hyacinth, the pistia stratiotes and the rhizoma alismatis in the sun, burning or deeply burying, continuously sampling, detecting and monitoring heavy metals in a water body until the heavy metals are qualified, fishing and burning or deeply burying mollusks, and finally taking out the artificial floating island.
Artificial chinampa package rubbing board body, the bottom of plate body is equipped with a plurality of flotation pontoon, aquatic plant has been planted at the plate body middle part, the left and right sides of plate body is equipped with solar panel, the bottom of plate body is equipped with the bounding wall all around, the bottom of bounding wall is equipped with the string bag, the dispersion has the heavy metal adsorbent between string bag and the plate body, be connected with the screw through the connecting rod on the bounding wall, the screw is by battery drive, be equipped with on the circuit between screw and the battery and open and closed remote control switch through controller remote control, solar panel passes through the wire with the battery and is connected, be equipped.
The heavy metal adsorbent is ferric hydroxide/manganese dioxide doped mesophase carbon microspheres, and the preparation method comprises the following steps: slowly dropwise adding ammonia water into the ferric nitrate solution until the pH value of the mixed solution is 7-8, stirring for 15min, heating to 40 ℃, reacting for 45min under heat preservation, filtering, washing the solid with water, and drying to obtain ferric hydroxide; dissolving potassium permanganate with deionized water, slowly dropwise adding concentrated hydrochloric acid, carrying out ultrasonic oscillation for 20min, adding the ferric hydroxide, continuing the ultrasonic oscillation for 40min, sealing the mixed solution, putting the mixed solution into an oven, heating to 110 ℃, reacting for 3h, taking out, cooling, filtering, respectively cleaning with absolute ethyl alcohol and distilled water for 3 times, and finally carrying out vacuum drying at 80 ℃ to obtain manganese dioxide coated ferric hydroxide; adding manganese dioxide coated iron hydroxide into a formaldehyde solution, stirring for 10min, then adding a formic acid solution, continuing stirring until the solution becomes turbid, then dropwise adding a hydrochloric acid solution, stopping stirring, standing for 22h, then washing with water and ethanol, then placing the solution into a muffle furnace, heating to 140 ℃ at 20 ℃/min, keeping the temperature for 2h, then heating to 200 ℃ at 5 ℃/min, keeping the temperature for 1h, finally heating to 450 ℃ at 5 ℃/min, and air-cooling and discharging to obtain the iron hydroxide/manganese dioxide doped carbon microspheres.
Example 2:
a rapid comprehensive restoration method for a heavy metal polluted lake comprises the following steps:
(1) throwing a certain amount of lime powder in the lake at 8:00-10:00 a day, and sampling and detecting at 17:00-18:00 a day to monitor the pH change of the water body;
(2) when the pH value of the water body is 7-9, putting Pacific oyster into the water and putting an artificial floating island, wherein the area of the artificial floating island is 2/3 of the area of the lake, polygonum and duckweed are planted on the artificial floating island, and a heavy metal adsorbent is arranged in the artificial floating island;
(3) timely harvesting and replanting polygonum and duckweed, drying the harvested polygonum and duckweed in the sun, burning or deeply burying, continuously sampling, detecting and monitoring heavy metals in a water body until the heavy metals are qualified, fishing and burning or deeply burying the pacific oysters, and finally taking out the artificial floating island.
Artificial chinampa package rubbing board body, the bottom of plate body is equipped with a plurality of flotation pontoon, aquatic plant has been planted at the plate body middle part, the left and right sides of plate body is equipped with solar panel, the bottom of plate body is equipped with the bounding wall all around, the bottom of bounding wall is equipped with the string bag, the dispersion has the heavy metal adsorbent between string bag and the plate body, be connected with the screw through the connecting rod on the bounding wall, the screw is by battery drive, be equipped with on the circuit between screw and the battery and open and closed remote control switch through controller remote control, solar panel passes through the wire with the battery and is connected, be equipped with the dc-to-ac converter on the wire.
The heavy metal adsorbent is ferric hydroxide/manganese dioxide doped mesophase carbon microspheres, and the preparation method comprises the following steps: slowly dropwise adding ammonia water into ferric nitrate solution until the pH value of the mixed solution is 7-8, stirring for 10min, heating to 40 ℃, reacting for 50min under heat preservation, filtering, washing solid with water, and drying to obtain ferric hydroxide; dissolving potassium permanganate with deionized water, slowly dropwise adding concentrated hydrochloric acid, carrying out ultrasonic oscillation for 40min, adding the ferric hydroxide, continuing the ultrasonic oscillation for 20min, sealing the mixed solution, putting the mixed solution into an oven, heating to 110 ℃, reacting for 3.5h, taking out, cooling, filtering, respectively cleaning with absolute ethyl alcohol and distilled water for 3 times, and finally carrying out vacuum drying at 80 ℃ to obtain manganese dioxide coated ferric hydroxide; adding manganese dioxide coated iron hydroxide into a formaldehyde solution, stirring for 10min, then adding a formic acid solution, continuing stirring until the solution becomes turbid, then dropwise adding a hydrochloric acid solution, stopping stirring, standing for 25h, then washing with water and ethanol, then placing the solution into a muffle furnace, heating to 140 ℃ at a speed of 20 ℃/min, preserving heat for 2h, then heating to 200 ℃ at a speed of 5 ℃/min, preserving heat for 1h, finally heating to 450 ℃ at a speed of 5 ℃/min, and air cooling and discharging to obtain the iron hydroxide/manganese dioxide doped carbon microspheres.
Example 3:
a rapid comprehensive restoration method for a heavy metal polluted lake comprises the following steps:
(1) throwing a certain amount of lime powder in the lake at 8:00-10:00 a day, and sampling and detecting at 17:00-18:00 a day to monitor the pH change of the water body;
(2) when the pH value of the water body is 7-9, putting Pacific oyster into the water and putting an artificial floating island, wherein the area of the artificial floating island is 1/2 of the area of the lake, the artificial floating island is planted with eichhornia crassipes, and a heavy metal adsorbent is arranged in the artificial floating island;
(3) harvesting and reseeding Eichhornia crassipes in due time, drying the harvested Eichhornia crassipes in the sun, burning or deeply burying, continuously sampling, detecting and monitoring heavy metals in a water body until the heavy metals are qualified, salvaging and burning Pacific oyster or deeply burying, and finally taking out the artificial floating island.
Artificial chinampa package rubbing board body, the bottom of plate body is equipped with a plurality of flotation pontoon, aquatic plant has been planted at the plate body middle part, the left and right sides of plate body is equipped with solar panel, the bottom of plate body is equipped with the bounding wall all around, the bottom of bounding wall is equipped with the string bag, the dispersion has the heavy metal adsorbent between string bag and the plate body, be connected with the screw through the connecting rod on the bounding wall, the screw is by battery drive, be equipped with on the circuit between screw and the battery and open and closed remote control switch through controller remote control, solar panel passes through the wire with the battery and is connected, be equipped with the dc-to-ac converter on the wire.
The heavy metal adsorbent is ferric hydroxide/manganese dioxide doped mesophase carbon microspheres, and the preparation method comprises the following steps: slowly dropwise adding ammonia water into ferric nitrate solution until the pH value of the mixed solution is 7-8, stirring for 20min, heating to 50 ℃, reacting for 45min under heat preservation, filtering, washing solid with water, and drying to obtain ferric hydroxide; dissolving potassium permanganate with deionized water, slowly dropwise adding concentrated hydrochloric acid, carrying out ultrasonic oscillation for 40min, adding the ferric hydroxide, continuing the ultrasonic oscillation for 25min, sealing the mixed solution, putting the mixed solution into an oven, heating to 110 ℃, reacting for 2h, taking out, cooling, filtering, respectively cleaning with absolute ethyl alcohol and distilled water for 3 times, and finally carrying out vacuum drying at 80 ℃ to obtain manganese dioxide coated ferric hydroxide; adding manganese dioxide coated iron hydroxide into a formaldehyde solution, stirring for 10min, then adding a formic acid solution, continuing stirring until the solution becomes turbid, then dropwise adding a hydrochloric acid solution, stopping stirring, standing for 20h, then washing with water and ethanol, then placing the solution into a muffle furnace, heating to 140 ℃ at 20 ℃/min, preserving heat for 2h, then heating to 200 ℃ at 5 ℃/min, preserving heat for 1h, finally heating to 450 ℃ at 5 ℃/min, and air-cooling and discharging to obtain the iron hydroxide/manganese dioxide doped carbon microspheres.
Example 4:
a rapid comprehensive restoration method for a heavy metal polluted lake comprises the following steps:
(1) throwing a certain amount of lime powder in the lake at 8:00-10:00 a day, and sampling and detecting at 17:00-18:00 a day to monitor the pH change of the water body;
(2) when the pH value of the water body is 7-9, putting clams into the water and putting an artificial floating island, wherein the area of the artificial floating island is 1/2 of the area of the lake, duckweed and Japanese pagodatree are planted on the artificial floating island, and a heavy metal adsorbent is arranged in the artificial floating island;
(3) collecting and reseeding duckweed and Japanese duckweed in time, drying the collected duckweed and Japanese duckweed in the sun, burning or deeply burying the dried duckweed and Japanese duckweed, continuously sampling, detecting and monitoring heavy metals in a water body, fishing and burning or deeply burying clams after the heavy metals are qualified, and finally taking out the artificial floating island.
Artificial chinampa package rubbing board body, the bottom of plate body is equipped with a plurality of flotation pontoon, aquatic plant has been planted at the plate body middle part, the left and right sides of plate body is equipped with solar panel, the bottom of plate body is equipped with the bounding wall all around, the bottom of bounding wall is equipped with the string bag, the dispersion has the heavy metal adsorbent between string bag and the plate body, be connected with the screw through the connecting rod on the bounding wall, the screw is by battery drive, be equipped with on the circuit between screw and the battery and open and closed remote control switch through controller remote control, solar panel passes through the wire with the battery and is connected, be equipped with the dc-to-ac converter on the wire.
The heavy metal adsorbent is ferric hydroxide/manganese dioxide doped mesophase carbon microspheres, and the preparation method comprises the following steps: slowly dropwise adding ammonia water into the ferric nitrate solution until the pH value of the mixed solution is 7-8, stirring for 20min, heating to 48 ℃, reacting for 42min under heat preservation, filtering, washing the solid with water, and drying to obtain ferric hydroxide; dissolving potassium permanganate with deionized water, slowly dropwise adding concentrated hydrochloric acid, carrying out ultrasonic oscillation for 20min, adding the ferric hydroxide, continuing the ultrasonic oscillation for 25min, sealing the mixed solution, putting the mixed solution into an oven, heating to 110 ℃, reacting for 2h, taking out, cooling, filtering, respectively cleaning with absolute ethyl alcohol and distilled water for 3 times, and finally carrying out vacuum drying at 80 ℃ to obtain manganese dioxide coated ferric hydroxide; adding manganese dioxide coated iron hydroxide into a formaldehyde solution, stirring for 10min, then adding a formic acid solution, continuing stirring until the solution becomes turbid, then dropwise adding a hydrochloric acid solution, stopping stirring, standing for 20h, then washing with water and ethanol, then placing the solution into a muffle furnace, heating to 140 ℃ at 20 ℃/min, preserving heat for 2h, then heating to 200 ℃ at 5 ℃/min, preserving heat for 1h, finally heating to 450 ℃ at 5 ℃/min, and air-cooling and discharging to obtain the iron hydroxide/manganese dioxide doped carbon microspheres.
Example 5:
a rapid comprehensive restoration method for a heavy metal polluted lake comprises the following steps:
(1) throwing a certain amount of lime powder in the lake at 8:00-10:00 a day, and sampling and detecting at 17:00-18:00 a day to monitor the pH change of the water body;
(2) when the pH value of the water body is 7-9, putting Pacific oyster into the water and putting an artificial floating island, wherein the area of the artificial floating island is 2/3 of the area of the lake, duckweed and polygonum are planted on the artificial floating island, and a heavy metal adsorbent is arranged in the artificial floating island;
(3) collecting and reseeding duckweed and polygonum, drying the collected duckweed and polygonum in the sun, burning or deeply burying the dried duckweed and polygonum, continuously sampling, detecting and monitoring the heavy metals in the water body until the heavy metals are qualified, fishing and burning or deeply burying the pacific oysters, and finally taking out the artificial floating island.
Artificial chinampa package rubbing board body, the bottom of plate body is equipped with a plurality of flotation pontoon, aquatic plant has been planted at the plate body middle part, the left and right sides of plate body is equipped with solar panel, the bottom of plate body is equipped with the bounding wall all around, the bottom of bounding wall is equipped with the string bag, the dispersion has the heavy metal adsorbent between string bag and the plate body, be connected with the screw through the connecting rod on the bounding wall, the screw is by battery drive, be equipped with on the circuit between screw and the battery and open and closed remote control switch through controller remote control, solar panel passes through the wire with the battery and is connected, be equipped with the dc-to-ac converter on the wire.
The heavy metal adsorbent is ferric hydroxide/manganese dioxide doped mesophase carbon microspheres, and the preparation method comprises the following steps: slowly dropwise adding ammonia water into ferric nitrate solution until the pH value of the mixed solution is 7-8, stirring for 20min, heating to 50 ℃, reacting for 60min under heat preservation, filtering, washing solid with water, and drying to obtain ferric hydroxide; dissolving potassium permanganate with deionized water, slowly dropwise adding concentrated hydrochloric acid, carrying out ultrasonic oscillation for 40min, adding the ferric hydroxide, continuing the ultrasonic oscillation for 40min, sealing the mixed solution, putting the mixed solution into an oven, heating to 110 ℃, reacting for 5h, taking out, cooling, filtering, respectively cleaning with absolute ethyl alcohol and distilled water for 3 times, and finally carrying out vacuum drying at 80 ℃ to obtain manganese dioxide coated ferric hydroxide; adding manganese dioxide coated iron hydroxide into a formaldehyde solution, stirring for 20min, then adding a formic acid solution, continuing stirring until the solution becomes turbid, then dropwise adding a hydrochloric acid solution, stopping stirring, standing for 25h, then washing with water and ethanol, then placing the solution into a muffle furnace, heating to 140 ℃ at a speed of 20 ℃/min, preserving heat for 2h, then heating to 200 ℃ at a speed of 5 ℃/min, preserving heat for 1h, finally heating to 450 ℃ at a speed of 5 ℃/min, and air cooling and discharging to obtain the iron hydroxide/manganese dioxide doped carbon microspheres.
Example 6:
a rapid comprehensive restoration method for a heavy metal polluted lake comprises the following steps:
(1) throwing a certain amount of lime powder in the lake at 8:00-10:00 a day, and sampling and detecting at 17:00-18:00 a day to monitor the pH change of the water body;
(2) when the pH value of the water body is 7-9, putting clams into the water and putting an artificial floating island, wherein the area of the artificial floating island is 1/2 of the area of the lake, eichhornia crassipes is planted on the artificial floating island, and a heavy metal adsorbent is arranged in the artificial floating island;
(3) timely harvesting and reseeding Eichhornia crassipes, drying the harvested Eichhornia crassipes in the sun, burning or deeply burying, continuously sampling, detecting and monitoring heavy metals in a water body, fishing and burning clams or deeply burying the clams after the heavy metals are qualified, and finally taking out the artificial floating island.
Artificial chinampa package rubbing board body, the bottom of plate body is equipped with a plurality of flotation pontoon, aquatic plant has been planted at the plate body middle part, the left and right sides of plate body is equipped with solar panel, the bottom of plate body is equipped with the bounding wall all around, the bottom of bounding wall is equipped with the string bag, the dispersion has the heavy metal adsorbent between string bag and the plate body, be connected with the screw through the connecting rod on the bounding wall, the screw is by battery drive, be equipped with on the circuit between screw and the battery and open and closed remote control switch through controller remote control, solar panel passes through the wire with the battery and is connected, be equipped with the dc-to-ac converter on the wire.
The heavy metal adsorbent is ferric hydroxide/manganese dioxide doped mesophase carbon microspheres, and the preparation method comprises the following steps: slowly dropwise adding ammonia water into the ferric nitrate solution until the pH value of the mixed solution is 7-8, stirring for 10min, heating to 40 ℃, reacting for 40min under heat preservation, filtering, washing the solid with water, and drying to obtain ferric hydroxide; dissolving potassium permanganate with deionized water, slowly dropwise adding concentrated hydrochloric acid, carrying out ultrasonic oscillation for 20min, adding the ferric hydroxide, continuing the ultrasonic oscillation for 20min, sealing the mixed solution, putting the mixed solution into an oven, heating to 110 ℃, reacting for 2h, taking out, cooling, filtering, respectively cleaning with absolute ethyl alcohol and distilled water for 3 times, and finally carrying out vacuum drying at 80 ℃ to obtain manganese dioxide coated ferric hydroxide; adding manganese dioxide coated iron hydroxide into a formaldehyde solution, stirring for 10min, then adding a formic acid solution, continuing stirring until the solution becomes turbid, then dropwise adding a hydrochloric acid solution, stopping stirring, standing for 20h, then washing with water and ethanol, then placing the solution into a muffle furnace, heating to 140 ℃ at 20 ℃/min, preserving heat for 2h, then heating to 200 ℃ at 5 ℃/min, preserving heat for 1h, finally heating to 450 ℃ at 5 ℃/min, and air-cooling and discharging to obtain the iron hydroxide/manganese dioxide doped carbon microspheres.
Example 7:
a rapid comprehensive restoration method for a heavy metal polluted lake comprises the following steps:
(1) throwing a certain amount of lime powder in the lake at 8:00-10:00 a day, and sampling and detecting at 17:00-18:00 a day to monitor the pH change of the water body;
(2) when the pH value of the water body is 7-9, putting Pacific oyster into the water and putting an artificial floating island, wherein the area of the artificial floating island is 1/2 of the area of the lake, rhizoma alismatis, duckweed and polygonum hydropiper are planted on the artificial floating island, and a heavy metal adsorbent is arranged in the artificial floating island;
(3) timely harvesting and replanting rhizoma alismatis, duckweed and polygonum, drying the harvested rhizoma alismatis, duckweed and polygonum, burning or deeply burying, continuously sampling, detecting and monitoring heavy metals in a water body, fishing and burning or deeply burying the pacific oyster after the heavy metals are qualified, and finally taking out the artificial floating island.
Artificial chinampa package rubbing board body, the bottom of plate body is equipped with a plurality of flotation pontoon, aquatic plant has been planted at the plate body middle part, the left and right sides of plate body is equipped with solar panel, the bottom of plate body is equipped with the bounding wall all around, the bottom of bounding wall is equipped with the string bag, the dispersion has the heavy metal adsorbent between string bag and the plate body, be connected with the screw through the connecting rod on the bounding wall, the screw is by battery drive, be equipped with on the circuit between screw and the battery and open and closed remote control switch through controller remote control, solar panel passes through the wire with the battery and is connected, be equipped with the dc-to-ac converter on the wire.
The heavy metal adsorbent is ferric hydroxide/manganese dioxide doped mesophase carbon microspheres, and the preparation method comprises the following steps: slowly dropwise adding ammonia water into the ferric nitrate solution until the pH value of the mixed solution is 7-8, stirring for 15min, heating to 45 ℃, reacting for 55min under heat preservation, filtering, washing the solid with water, and drying to obtain ferric hydroxide; dissolving potassium permanganate with deionized water, slowly dropwise adding concentrated hydrochloric acid, carrying out ultrasonic oscillation for 35min, adding the ferric hydroxide, continuing the ultrasonic oscillation for 35min, sealing the mixed solution, putting the mixed solution into an oven, heating to 110 ℃, reacting for 3.5h, taking out, cooling, filtering, respectively cleaning with absolute ethyl alcohol and distilled water for 3 times, and finally carrying out vacuum drying at 80 ℃ to obtain manganese dioxide coated ferric hydroxide; adding manganese dioxide coated iron hydroxide into a formaldehyde solution, stirring for 10min, then adding a formic acid solution, continuing stirring until the solution becomes turbid, then dropwise adding a hydrochloric acid solution, stopping stirring, standing for 20h, then washing with water and ethanol, then placing the solution into a muffle furnace, heating to 140 ℃ at 20 ℃/min, preserving heat for 2h, then heating to 200 ℃ at 5 ℃/min, preserving heat for 1h, finally heating to 450 ℃ at 5 ℃/min, and air-cooling and discharging to obtain the iron hydroxide/manganese dioxide doped carbon microspheres.
According to the environmental quality standard of surface water (GB3838-2002), the lakes of example 1 are sampled and detected every 20 days, and the change results of various heavy metal ions in the lakes are shown in the following table 1:
table 1:
in summary, the embodiment of the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the content of heavy metal ions such as cadmium, copper, zinc, lead and arsenic in the lake treated by the method is greatly reduced in a short time.
It is noted that, herein, relational terms such as first and second, and the like may be used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising an … …" does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.
The above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A rapid comprehensive restoration method for a heavy metal polluted lake is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) throwing a certain amount of lime powder in the lake at 8:00-10:00 a day, and sampling and detecting at 17:00-18:00 a day to monitor the pH change of the water body;
(2) when the pH value of the water body is 7-9, a mollusk is put into the water and an artificial floating island is put into the water, aquatic plants are planted on the artificial floating island, a heavy metal adsorbent is arranged in the artificial floating island, and the heavy metal adsorbent is ferric hydroxide/manganese dioxide doped mesocarbon microbeads;
the preparation method of the ferric hydroxide/manganese dioxide doped carbon microsphere comprises the following steps: slowly dropwise adding ammonia water into the ferric nitrate solution until the pH value of the mixed solution is 7-8, stirring for 10-20min, heating to 40-50 ℃, reacting for 40-60min under heat preservation, filtering, washing the solid with water, and drying to obtain ferric hydroxide; dissolving potassium permanganate with deionized water, slowly dropwise adding concentrated hydrochloric acid, performing ultrasonic oscillation for 20-40min, adding the ferric hydroxide, continuing the ultrasonic oscillation for 20-40min, sealing the mixed solution, putting the mixed solution into an oven, heating to 110 ℃, reacting for 2-5h, taking out, cooling, filtering, respectively cleaning with anhydrous ethanol and distilled water for 3 times, and finally performing vacuum drying at 80 ℃ to obtain manganese dioxide coated ferric hydroxide; adding manganese dioxide coated iron hydroxide into a formaldehyde solution, stirring for 10-20min, adding a formic acid solution, continuing stirring until the solution becomes turbid, dropwise adding a hydrochloric acid solution, stopping stirring, standing for 20-25h, washing with water and ethanol, and activating to obtain iron hydroxide/manganese dioxide doped carbon microspheres;
(3) timely harvesting and replanting aquatic plants, drying the harvested aquatic plants in the sun, burning or deeply burying the aquatic plants, continuously sampling, detecting and monitoring heavy metals in a water body, fishing and burning or deeply burying mollusks after the heavy metals are qualified, and finally taking out the artificial floating island.
2. The method for rapidly and comprehensively restoring a heavy metal polluted lake according to claim 1, wherein the area of the artificial floating island is 1/2-2/3 of the area of the lake.
3. The method for rapidly and comprehensively restoring a heavy metal polluted lake according to claim 1, wherein the artificial floating island comprises a plate body, aquatic plants are planted in the middle of the plate body, solar panels are arranged on the left side and the right side of the plate body, enclosing plates are arranged on the periphery of the bottom of the plate body, a net bag is arranged at the bottom of each enclosing plate, heavy metal adsorbents are dispersed between the net bag and the plate body, a propeller is connected to each enclosing plate through a connecting rod and driven by a storage battery, and a remote control switch which can be opened and closed through remote control of a controller is arranged on a circuit between the propeller and the storage battery.
4. The method for rapidly and comprehensively restoring a heavy metal polluted lake according to claim 3, wherein a plurality of buoys are arranged at the bottom of the plate body.
5. The method for rapidly and comprehensively repairing a lake polluted by heavy metals according to claim 3, wherein the solar panel is connected with the storage battery through a wire, and an inverter is arranged on the wire.
6. The method for rapidly and comprehensively restoring a heavy metal polluted lake according to claim 1, wherein the mollusk is a clam or a pacific oyster.
7. The method for rapidly and comprehensively restoring a heavy metal polluted lake of claim 1, wherein the aquatic plant is at least one of water hyacinth, pistia stratiotes, alisma orientale, spirodela polyrhiza, polygonum hydropiper, duckweed and duckweed.
8. The method for rapidly and comprehensively restoring the heavy metal polluted lake according to claim 1, wherein the activation method comprises the following steps: heating to 140 deg.C at 20 deg.C/min in a muffle furnace, holding for 2 hr, heating to 200 deg.C at 5 deg.C/min, holding for 1 hr, heating to 450 deg.C at 5 deg.C/min, air cooling, and discharging.
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