CN109396508B - Three-dimensional cutter compensation method for finish machining of blisk blades - Google Patents
Three-dimensional cutter compensation method for finish machining of blisk blades Download PDFInfo
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- CN109396508B CN109396508B CN201811300141.XA CN201811300141A CN109396508B CN 109396508 B CN109396508 B CN 109396508B CN 201811300141 A CN201811300141 A CN 201811300141A CN 109396508 B CN109396508 B CN 109396508B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23C—MILLING
- B23C3/00—Milling particular work; Special milling operations; Machines therefor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q15/00—Automatic control or regulation of feed movement, cutting velocity or position of tool or work
- B23Q15/007—Automatic control or regulation of feed movement, cutting velocity or position of tool or work while the tool acts upon the workpiece
- B23Q15/16—Compensation for wear of the tool
Abstract
The invention discloses a three-dimensional cutter compensation method for finish machining of a blisk blade, which comprises the steps of firstly calculating a projection point of a cutter center point of a cutter on a machined product, and then calculating a normal vector N at the projection point, wherein the components of the normal vector N in three directions of an X coordinate axis, a Y coordinate axis and a Z coordinate axis are Nx, Ny and Nz; converting a tool center point of the tool into a tool tip point P, and setting coordinate point positions of the tool tip point P in coordinate axes XYZ as Px, Py and Pz; setting a compensation variable macro instruction Q, and collecting the components and the tool nose point P to obtain the position of a post-processing tool nose point as (Px + Nx Q, Py + Ny Q, Pz + Nz Q); replacing the coordinate point position of the tool nose point in the original NC code according to the post-processing tool nose point position to obtain an NC code with a three-dimensional tool complement formula; and finishing the cutter compensation according to the NC code with the three-dimensional cutter compensation formula. The invention does not need to recalculate the program cutting path, and can conveniently and quickly modify NC codes on a numerical control system to finish three-dimensional cutting compensation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of numerical control milling machining and manufacturing, in particular to a three-dimensional cutter compensation method for finish machining of a blisk blade.
Background
Because the cutting temperature is high in the milling finish machining of the blade disc blade, the cutting speed is high, the cutter can be abraded, and the diameter of a ball head can be reduced after the cutter is abraded. If the original cutting path is followed, the residual quantity on the surface of the blade is increased, the quality of the blade cannot be ensured, and if the blade is reprogrammed, time is wasted. How to solve the problem caused by the abrasion of the cutter brings a difficult problem to a processing technique designer.
Aiming at the problem caused by the abrasion of the cutter in the blade milling finish machining, the existing research provides the design for improving the material of the cutter or the durability of the cutter, even if the cutter is still inevitably abraded when the cutter is used for cutting at high temperature and high speed, and the diameter of a ball head can be reduced after the cutter is abraded. If the blade is moved according to the originally set cutting path, the residual quantity on the surface of the blade is increased, and the quality of the blade cannot be ensured; in actual machining, a technician adds a negative allowance properly according to the wear degree of the tool to solve the problem, but the negative allowance needs to be estimated according to the last machining measurement result and the experience of the machining worker, and obviously, the method is not advisable. Also, reprogramming is a method that wastes time.
Some existing studies also propose three-dimensional knife repair methods, but mainly have the following disadvantages:
most of the researches in theory do not provide executable operation means and steps of the three-dimensional knife patch, and direct operability is lacked.
The three-dimensional cutter compensation method is mainly used for processing non-free curved surfaces, the direction of the three-dimensional cutter compensation is clear, and NC codes can be manually modified to complete the three-dimensional cutter compensation. However, this method cannot be applied to free-form surface machining because the three-dimensional cutting compensation direction thereof is related to the blade form and the tool shape, and thus the three-dimensional cutting compensation cannot be simply and manually modified.
The three-dimensional knife repair mode is troublesome, generally, three-dimensional knife repair modification of NC codes needs to be completed on a personal computer, and then the three-dimensional knife repair is transmitted to a machine tool system, so that the three-dimensional knife repair cannot be directly completed on a machine tool numerical control system.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a three-dimensional cutter compensation method for finish machining of blisk blades, which does not need to recalculate a program to obtain a cutter path and can conveniently and quickly modify NC codes on a numerical control system to complete three-dimensional cutter compensation.
In order to solve the technical problem, the invention provides a three-dimensional cutter compensation method for finish machining of a blisk blade, which comprises the following steps:
step 1) firstly, calculating a projection point of a tool center point of a tool on a processed product, and then calculating a normal vector N at the projection point, wherein the components of the normal vector N in three directions of an XYZ coordinate axis are Nx, Ny and Nz; converting a tool center point of the tool into a tool tip point P, and setting coordinate point positions of the tool tip point P in coordinate axes XYZ as Px, Py and Pz;
step 2), setting a compensation variable macro instruction Q, and collecting the components and the tool nose point P to obtain the post-processing tool nose point positions (Px + Nx Q, Py + Ny Q, Pz + Nz Q);
step 3) replacing the coordinate point position of the tool nose point in the original NC code according to the position of the tool nose point of the post-processing, and obtaining an NC code with a three-dimensional tool complement formula;
and 4) modifying the compensation variable macro instruction Q of the NC code with the three-dimensional tool compensation formula according to requirements to finish tool compensation.
Furthermore, the original NC code is generated through numerical control programming software UltraCAM.
Furthermore, actually measuring and calculating a compensation variable macro instruction Q, and modifying Q in an NC code with a three-dimensional tool compensation formula to obtain a compensation coordinate point position so as to finish tool compensation.
Further, the cutter is a straight shank ball-end milling cutter and a taper shank ball-end milling cutter.
Further, the compensation variable macro Q defaults to 0, i.e., no compensation.
Further, the compensation variable macro Q may have a positive value indicating a proximity to the work product or a negative value indicating a distance from the work product.
Further, firstly, the projection point of the cutter center point of the cutter on the blade curved surface of the blade disc is obtained, and then the normal vector N of the blade curved surface at the projection point is obtained according to the projection point position, so that the cutter compensation direction is obtained.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the three-dimensional cutter compensation technology for the blisk finish machining can reduce the economic cost and the time cost brought by the fact that a craft worker estimates a negative allowance value according to experience; in addition, the process personnel can flexibly control the allowance through the technology without recalculating the program to obtain the cutter path, thereby achieving the effects of quick three-dimensional cutter compensation, convenience and quickness.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a projected center point of a tool of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the compensated tool position of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is an NC code with a three-dimensional cutter compensation formula of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further described below in conjunction with the following figures and specific examples so that those skilled in the art may better understand the present invention and practice it, but the examples are not intended to limit the present invention.
According to the embodiment of the three-dimensional cutter compensation method for the blisk blade finish machining, firstly, an NC code is modified, firstly, a projection point of a cutter center point of a cutter on a blisk blade curved surface is obtained, as shown in fig. 1, and then, according to the position of the projection point, a normal vector N of the blade curved surface at the projection point is obtained, so that a cutter compensation direction is obtained; obtaining components of the tool compensation direction in three directions of a coordinate axis XYZ as Nx, Ny and Nz (which are constant values) according to a normal vector N, converting a tool center point of the tool into a tool tip point P, and setting coordinate point positions of the tool tip point P in the coordinate axis XYZ as Px, Py and Pz;
then setting a compensation variable macro instruction Q, and collecting the components and the tool nose point P to obtain the position of the post-processing tool nose point as (Px + Nx Q, Py + Ny Q, Pz + Nz Q); replacing the coordinate point position of the tool nose point in the original NC code according to the post-processing tool nose point position to obtain an NC code with a three-dimensional tool complement formula; the default value of the compensation variable macro instruction Q is 0, namely no compensation is performed, the positions of the post-processing tool nose points are (Px, Py and Pz) and are consistent with the initial positions, and the coordinate positions can be changed after the positions are modified.
The process personnel determines the value of a compensation variable macro instruction Q according to actual measurement, modifies Q in an NC code with a three-dimensional tool compensation formula to obtain the position of a compensation coordinate point, and completes tool compensation, as shown in figure 2.
The original NC code is generated through numerical control programming software UltraCAM, the NC code with the three-dimensional cutter compensation formula can also be generated through the numerical control programming software UltraCAM, the generated NC code is directly used, and when compensation is needed, the compensation variable macro instruction Q is directly modified.
Referring to fig. 3, in the NC code having the three-dimensional tool compensation formula, the compensation variable macro Q may be a positive value indicating an approach to a work product or a negative value indicating a distance from the work product when modified. The cutter used for processing the blade disc blade is a hard alloy ball-end milling cutter which comprises a straight-shank ball-end milling cutter and a taper-shank ball-end milling cutter, and is convenient for high-precision preparation.
The invention adopts the component value of the tool compensation direction to match with the compensation variable macro-instruction Q to be changed into the modified variable, the coordinate point position after tool compensation can be obtained by matching and adjusting the modified variable and the coordinate point position of the original cutter, and the coordinate point position of the original cutter is determined and the component is determined during modification, so that only the compensation variable macro-instruction Q needs to be obtained, and only the compensation variable macro-instruction Q needs to be modified in an NC code, thereby achieving the modification of the whole coordinate point position, being convenient and reliable to operate, and needing no recoding or reintroducing the NC code.
The above-mentioned embodiments are merely preferred embodiments for fully illustrating the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. The equivalent substitution or change made by the technical personnel in the technical field on the basis of the invention is all within the protection scope of the invention. The protection scope of the invention is subject to the claims.
Claims (7)
1. A three-dimensional cutter compensation method for finish machining of blisk blades is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1) firstly, calculating a projection point of a tool center point of a tool on a processed product, and then calculating a normal vector N at the projection point, wherein the components of the normal vector N in three directions of an XYZ coordinate axis are Nx, Ny and Nz; converting the tool center point to a tool tip point, and setting the coordinate point position of the tool tip point P in the coordinate axis XYZ as Px, Py and Pz;
step 2), setting a compensation variable macro instruction Q, and collecting the components and the tool nose point P to obtain the post-processing tool nose point positions (Px + Nx Q, Py + Ny Q, Pz + Nz Q);
step 3) replacing the coordinate point position of the tool nose point in the original NC code according to the position of the tool nose point of the post-processing, and obtaining an NC code with a three-dimensional tool complement formula;
and 4) modifying the compensation variable macro instruction Q of the NC code with the three-dimensional tool compensation formula according to requirements to finish tool compensation.
2. The three-dimensional cutter compensation method for blisk blade finishing as claimed in claim 1, wherein original NC codes are generated through numerical control programming software UltraCAM.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the actual measurement calculates a compensation variable macro-command Q, and the compensation coordinate point position is obtained by modifying Q in an NC code having a three-dimensional compensation formula, thereby completing the compensation.
4. The three-dimensional cutter compensation method for finishing blisk blades according to claim 1, wherein the cutter is a straight shank ball end mill or a tapered shank ball end mill.
5. The blisk blade finishing three-dimensional tool compensation method of claim 1, wherein the compensation variable macro command Q defaults to 0, i.e., no compensation.
6. The three-dimensional knife repair method for blisk blade finishing as claimed in claim 5, wherein the compensation variable macro command Q can be a positive value or a negative value, the positive value indicating a near machining product and the negative value indicating a far machining product.
7. The three-dimensional cutter compensation method for the blisk blade finish machining according to claim 1, wherein a projection point of a cutter center point of a cutter on a blisk blade curved surface is obtained, and then a normal vector N of the blade curved surface at the projection point is obtained according to the position of the projection point, so that a cutter compensation direction is obtained.
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| CN107748538B (en) * | 2017-06-26 | 2020-03-27 | 山东理工大学 | Five-axis drum-shaped cutter radius compensation method based on BC type five-axis numerical control machine tool post-processing |
| CN107390632B (en) * | 2017-06-26 | 2019-12-03 | 山东理工大学 | Five axis drum type knife radius compensation methods are post-processed based on AB type five-axle number control machine tool |
| CN107357256B (en) * | 2017-06-26 | 2019-12-03 | 山东理工大学 | Five axis drum type knife radius compensation methods are post-processed based on AC type five-axle number control machine tool |
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| CN101187807A (en) * | 2007-07-20 | 2008-05-28 | 天津大学 | Diamond super precision lathe free curved surface processing path generation method |
| CN101549468A (en) * | 2009-04-24 | 2009-10-07 | 北京邮电大学 | Image-based on-line detection and compensation system and method for cutting tools |
| CN101615022A (en) * | 2009-07-21 | 2009-12-30 | 中国科学院数学与系统科学研究院 | Radius compensation method based on the three axis numerically controlled machine cutter of surface reconstruction |
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