CN109396204B

CN109396204B - Sheet material batch modular lateral extrusion forming device and method

Info

Publication number: CN109396204B
Application number: CN201811219659.0A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 李峰; 王宇; 王野
Original assignee: Harbin University of Science and Technology
Current assignee: Harbin University of Science and Technology
Priority date: 2018-10-19
Filing date: 2018-10-19
Publication date: 2021-07-30
Anticipated expiration: 2038-10-19
Also published as: CN109396204A

Abstract

A plate batch modularization lateral extrusion forming device and a method relate to an efficient batch lateral extrusion forming device and a method of plates, and can solve the long-standing bottlenecks of low production efficiency, complex procedures, complex device structures and the like in the plate batch manufacturing process. The device comprises the following steps: the inner sleeve 5 is placed on the base 3, the blank 2 and the male die 1 are sequentially placed in the inner part, the insert 4 is placed between the groove 5-1 of the inner sleeve 5 and the base 3, and the outer sleeve 6 is placed on the outer sides of the base 3, the insert 4 and the inner sleeve 5. The method comprises the following steps: according to the actual requirements of the formed product, the corresponding insert 4 and rib plate 7 structures are replaced by utilizing the modularization idea, the male die 1 is loaded downwards in the extrusion process, and the pressed and deformed blank 2 sequentially flows into the groove-shaped holes 4-1 of the insert 4 along the radial direction, so that the batch size customization of various specifications of plates with different shapes, sizes, quantities and the like is achieved, and meanwhile, the fine grain modification of the extruded plate can be realized. The invention is suitable for batch extrusion forming of plates.

Description

Sheet material batch modular lateral extrusion forming device and method

Technical Field

The invention relates to a processing and forming method of a metal plate, in particular to a batch modular lateral extrusion forming method of a plate, and belongs to the technical field of extrusion forming.

Background

The sheet metal component is one of the main ways to realize the lightweight of materials and structures, and is widely applied in various fields such as aerospace, automobile manufacturing and the like, and the demand is increased year by year. At present, the main methods for manufacturing the metal plate in a large-scale and high-efficiency mode comprise cold continuous rolling, continuous casting and continuous rolling, cast rolling and the like.

The cold continuous rolling is to remove oxide skin from a hot rolled steel plate by acid pickling, perform continuous cold deformation in a continuous rolling mill set, improve the strength and hardness of the plate by degreasing, annealing and other steps, and obtain a formed part by flattening, finishing and other steps according to production requirements.

Continuous casting and rolling refers to that liquid molten steel is put into a continuous casting machine to be made into a billet, and the billet is put into a hot continuous rolling unit for rolling and forming after being kept warm in a heat preservation furnace for a period of time without being cooled. The process has the characteristics of improving the labor condition and facilitating the realization of mechanization and automation. Compared with a cold continuous rolling process, the continuous casting and rolling process obviously shortens the production period, but can only be applied to plates and strips at present, can produce less alloy, particularly can not produce alloy plates with large crystallization temperature range, is difficult to change the shape and specification and has poorer surface precision.

The casting and rolling refers to a process method for rolling metal melt in a hot rolling mill set after the metal melt passes through two rotary casting rolls with water cooling systems. Compared with continuous casting and rolling, the casting and rolling process simplifies the production flow, shortens the production period and improves the productivity. But also can not produce alloy plates with large crystallization temperature range, and has the disadvantages of higher device cost, large and uneven crystal grains, relatively poorer mechanical property, easy occurrence of stripes, edge cracks and the like on the surface.

In summary, the conventional method for processing and forming metal plates in batches is relatively complicated in process, has high requirements on alloy components, and is not ideal in structural uniformity and mechanical properties. Extrusion is a process that can produce long, rectilinear metal materials, and has also been used in recent years for forming sheet metal. The three-dimensional compressive stress state can be obtained, and particularly for low-plasticity alloy plates, the extrusion process has more obvious advantages, but bottlenecks such as short service life of a die, difficulty in controlling the shape and size precision of the plates, poor process flexibility and the like exist.

With the urgent needs of light weight, energy conservation and emission reduction in various fields in recent years, the usage amount of metal plates is gradually increased, the application range and the fields are widened, and the improvement of the existing process method and the accelerated innovation are urgently needed to adapt to the actual needs of mass production of high-performance plates.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a lateral extrusion forming method for modularizing sheet materials in batches. The method aims to solve the series of bottlenecks of low efficiency, long process flow, overlarge energy consumption, poor process flexibility, difficult quality performance regulation and control and the like in the plate batch manufacturing process in the industrial field at present. The invention adopts the integrated technical ideas of one-die multiple-piece and modularization and the like, reasonably applies the integrated technical ideas to the scientific design of the extrusion die structure, realizes fine grain modification, and simultaneously can directly extrude and form plates with various specifications such as different section shapes, sizes and the like in a single-pass short process only by replacing partial structure of the die, thereby providing a new idea for producing metal plates in high-efficiency batch short process.

The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows:

the device comprises the following steps: the device comprises a male die 1, a blank 2, a base 3, an insert 4, a slotted hole 4-1, an inner sleeve 5, a groove 5-1, an outer sleeve 6 and a rib plate 7. The inner sleeve 5 is placed on the base 3, the blank 2 and the male die 1 are sequentially placed inside the inner sleeve, the insert 4 is placed between the groove 5-1 of the inner sleeve 5 and the base 3, and the outer sleeve 6 is placed on the outer sides of the base 3, the insert 4 and the inner sleeve 5. The insert 4 is provided with the slot holes 4-1 with different numbers and structures, and the ribbed plates 7 with corresponding structures in the slot holes 4-1 of the insert 4 can be replaced according to actual production requirements, so that high-performance metal plates with various specifications can be obtained.

The method comprises the following steps: the method is realized by the following steps:

firstly, selecting inserts 4 and rib plates 7 with different slot-shaped hole 4-1 structures according to the specification requirements of the shape, the size and the like of a metal plate to be prepared;

secondly, the base 3 is placed on a press workbench and fixed, and the inner sleeve 5 is placed on the base 3;

step three, the insert 4 inserted with the ribbed plate 7 is placed into a groove 5-1 at the side part of the inner sleeve 5;

step four, the outer sleeve 6 is arranged outside the combination of the base 3, the insert 4 and the inner sleeve 5, wherein the sleeve hole 6-1 is communicated with the position where the insert 4 is positioned, so that a limiting effect is achieved;

step five, sequentially placing the blank 2 and the male die 1 into the inner sleeve 5;

step six, starting a press machine to load and form the male die 1, and enabling the pressed and deformed blank 2 to flow into cavities between the ribbed plates 7 of the insert 4 along the radial direction respectively;

and seventhly, when the male die 1 is loaded to the top of the base 3, namely forming is finished, the outer sleeve 6 and the insert 4 are respectively removed, and the extruded plates with various specifications can be taken out.

Compared with the prior art, the method has the following beneficial effects:

the method can achieve the practical purposes of obtaining metal plate products with various specifications at one time, producing in batches and the like in the single-pass extrusion forming process;

secondly, according to the requirements of the plate specification, size, shape, characteristics and the like, the insert and the rib plate structure can be correspondingly replaced, namely, the modular processing is carried out, the tailored customization of the plate with the required specification is realized, the module is easy to replace and recover, and the process flexibility is high;

and thirdly, because the loading direction is vertical to the forming direction of the plate along the normal direction of the horizontal projection plane of the plate, the cavity cavities are not interfered with each other. According to the actual requirements of the products, the plate products with different specifications and shapes, such as width, thickness or special-shaped sections, and the like, can be customized through the design and adjustment of the shape and the structure of the section of the cavity;

fourthly, the blank can be extruded and formed after being pressed and deformed by flowing through the corners in the loading direction and the outflow direction, the part can provide larger shearing deformation, the effect of grain refining achieved by large plastic deformation can be realized, the grains are finer and more uniform, and the comprehensive mechanical property of the obtained plate product is obviously improved;

and fifthly, in the forming process, when the male die is loaded downwards, the horizontal die cavities of all parts in the insert are gradually filled with the blank after the blank is pressed and deformed. When the male die sequentially passes through the ports of the cavities to the bottom, the formed plate is completely separated from the blank, and the cutting function is achieved. The residual blank can flow into the bottom cavity to realize near-net forming, and the material utilization rate is obviously improved;

compared with the traditional plate manufacturing process, the method omits a large number of intermediate treatment process flows, realizes the short-flow cooperative regulation and control and the customized customization of the batch forming/formability integration of various high-performance plates, has no rebound, good forming performance and high plate forming quality;

seventhly, the device has simple structure, few processes, short flow and low cost, and is easy to implement and popularize in actual production.

Drawings

Figure 1 is a front sectional view and a top view of the inner sleeve 5;

figure 2 is a front cross-sectional view and a top view of the outer sleeve 6;

fig. 3 is a perspective view of the equal-thickness straight plate insert 4;

fig. 4 is a front sectional view and a top view of a straight plate insert 4 of different thicknesses;

fig. 5 is a front sectional view and a top view of the variable curvature insert 4;

fig. 6 is a front sectional view and a top view of a different number of straight plate inserts 4;

FIG. 7 is a front cross-sectional view of the inventive apparatus (prior to sheet extrusion);

FIG. 8 is a front cross-sectional view of the apparatus of the present invention (during sheet extrusion);

FIG. 9 is a drawing of an extruded uniform thickness straight sheet of the apparatus of the present invention;

FIG. 10 illustrates the extrusion of straight plates of different thicknesses using the apparatus of the present invention;

FIG. 11 is a drawing of a variable curvature sheet material extruded by the apparatus of the present invention;

FIG. 12 shows different numbers of equal thickness straight plates extruded by the apparatus of the present invention.

Detailed Description

The first embodiment is as follows: the present embodiment is described with reference to fig. 1 to 3 and fig. 7 to 9, and the apparatus of the present embodiment includes a punch 1, a blank 2, a base 3, an insert 4, an inner sleeve 5, and an outer sleeve 6. The base 3 is placed on a press workbench, the inner sleeve 5 is placed on the base 3, the insert 4 is placed in a groove 5-1 on the side of the inner sleeve 5, and the outer sleeve 6 is placed outside a combination of the base 3, the insert 4 and the inner sleeve 5.

The second embodiment is as follows: the embodiment is described with reference to fig. 1, 2, 4, 7, 8 and 10, the embodiment is to form plates with different thicknesses in a single pass, the insert 4 can be replaced, the slot-shaped hole 4-1 can be changed, the shape of the formed plate can be controlled, the specific forming size can be adjusted according to the specification of the plate and the size of a module in actual production, the height of each slot-shaped hole 4-1 is different, the length of the formed plate in a higher cavity is shorter in the same time, the formed part is shown in fig. 10, and other connection relations are the same as those in the embodiment.

The third concrete implementation mode: the present embodiment is described with reference to fig. 1, 2, 5, 7, 8 and 11, and is configured to form a plate material with an arbitrary curvature, a press machine is operated to load and form the punch 1, the compression-deformed blank 2 flows into a cavity between ribs 7 in the insert 4 in a radial direction, as shown in fig. 11, the metal is in a flowing state during the forming process, the formed piece does not generate a spring back phenomenon, and the shape formability is significantly improved.

The fourth concrete implementation mode: the present embodiment is described with reference to fig. 1, 2, 6 to 8, and 12, and includes the following steps: firstly, selecting inserts 4 and ribbed plates 7 with different groove-shaped hole 4-1 structures according to the specification requirements of the shape, the size and the like of a metal plate to be prepared;

Claims

1. A plate batch modularization lateral extrusion forming device comprises a punch (1), a blank (2), a base (3), an insert (4), a groove-shaped hole (4-1), an inner sleeve (5), a groove (5-1) at the side part of the inner sleeve (5), an outer sleeve (6) and ribbed plates (7), wherein the inner sleeve (5) is placed on the base (3), the blank (2) and the punch (1) are sequentially placed inside the inner sleeve, the insert (4) is placed between the groove (5-1) of the inner sleeve (5) and the base (3), the outer sleeve (6) is placed outside the base (3), the insert (4) and the inner sleeve (5), the groove-shaped hole (4-1) is formed in the insert (4-1), the ribbed plates (7) are arranged in the groove-shaped hole (4-1), the pressed deformed blank (2) sequentially flows into cavities of the ribbed plates (7) in the insert (4) along the radial direction, and (3) replacing different inserts (4) and replacing the ribbed plates (7) with corresponding structures in the groove-shaped holes (4-1) of the inserts (4) to obtain plate products with various specifications at one time in the single-pass extrusion forming process.

2. A method of lateral extrusion using the modular sheet lot lateral extrusion apparatus of claim 1, said method comprising the steps of: firstly, selecting an insert (4) and a rib plate (7) according to the shape and dimension specification requirements of a plate to be prepared; secondly, the base (3) is placed on a press workbench and fixed, and the inner sleeve (5) is placed on the base (3); thirdly, the insert (4) inserted with the ribbed plate (7) is placed into a groove (5-1) at the side part of the inner sleeve (5); fourthly, the outer sleeve (6) is arranged outside the combination of the base (3), the insert (4) and the inner sleeve (5) to play a role in limiting; fifthly, placing the blank (2) and the male die (1) in sequence by the inner sleeve (5); sixthly, starting a press machine to load and form the male die (1), wherein the pressed and deformed blank (2) sequentially flows into a cavity between rib plates (7) in the insert (4) along the radial direction; and seventhly, when the male die (1) is loaded to the top of the base (3), namely forming is finished, the outer sleeve (6) and the insert (4) are respectively removed, and the extruded sheet can be taken out.