CN109391263B - Self-calibration charge pump circuit based on current compensation - Google Patents

Self-calibration charge pump circuit based on current compensation Download PDF

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CN109391263B
CN109391263B CN201811199594.8A CN201811199594A CN109391263B CN 109391263 B CN109391263 B CN 109391263B CN 201811199594 A CN201811199594 A CN 201811199594A CN 109391263 B CN109391263 B CN 109391263B
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circuit
current
charge pump
current source
voltage
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CN109391263A (en
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曲明
杨格亮
廖春连
陈明辉
石立志
翟越
范鹏飞
王健
王楠
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Xidian University
CETC 54 Research Institute
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03L—AUTOMATIC CONTROL, STARTING, SYNCHRONISATION, OR STABILISATION OF GENERATORS OF ELECTRONIC OSCILLATIONS OR PULSES
    • H03L7/00—Automatic control of frequency or phase; Synchronisation
    • H03L7/06—Automatic control of frequency or phase; Synchronisation using a reference signal applied to a frequency- or phase-locked loop
    • H03L7/08—Details of the phase-locked loop
    • H03L7/085—Details of the phase-locked loop concerning mainly the frequency- or phase-detection arrangement including the filtering or amplification of its output signal
    • H03L7/089—Details of the phase-locked loop concerning mainly the frequency- or phase-detection arrangement including the filtering or amplification of its output signal the phase or frequency detector generating up-down pulses
    • H03L7/0891—Details of the phase-locked loop concerning mainly the frequency- or phase-detection arrangement including the filtering or amplification of its output signal the phase or frequency detector generating up-down pulses the up-down pulses controlling source and sink current generators, e.g. a charge pump
    • H03L7/0895—Details of the current generators

Abstract

The invention discloses a self-calibration charge pump circuit based on current compensation, belongs to a microcircuit structure in the field of integrated circuits, and relates to a charge pump circuit for realizing low current mismatch in a frequency synthesizer. The invention provides an improvement on the traditional self-calibration charge pump, and a compensation current source circuit, a voltage signal detection circuit and a digital logic feedback control circuit are added on the basis. The voltage signal detection circuit detects the voltage condition of the output node of the charge pump, converts the voltage condition into a plurality of digital codes and outputs the digital codes to the digital logic feedback control circuit, and the digital logic feedback control circuit outputs the plurality of digital codes to control the compensation current source circuit according to the obtained information and the current configuration condition of the current charge pump, so that the mismatch effect of the output current of the charge pump is further reduced. The invention can enable the self-calibration charge pump to have better stray and noise performance, has great significance for improving the quality of the output signal of the high-frequency broadband frequency synthesizer, and can save research and development investment.

Description

Self-calibration charge pump circuit based on current compensation
Technical Field
The invention belongs to a microcircuit structure in the field of integrated circuits, and relates to a charge pump circuit for realizing low current mismatch in a frequency synthesizer.
Background
With the continuous development of a wireless radio frequency communication system, the frequency band of received and transmitted signals is wider and wider, the requirement on the quality of the signals is higher and higher, and a local oscillator circuit is a component module of a wireless radio frequency transceiver circuit device and plays a role in converting high-frequency signals into baseband signals or a medium role in converting the baseband signals into the high-frequency signals, the phase noise and the spurious indexes of the local oscillator circuit can seriously affect the quality of the signals to the transceiver circuit, and for a receiver, the performances such as intermodulation distortion, adjacent channel selectivity, channel blockage and the like can be affected; for the transmitter, the modulation accuracy of the transmitter is affected. Especially, in an application environment with high requirements on sensitivity and linearity, the requirements on signal quality are more strict, and the design of a low-noise frequency synthesizer becomes a current hot research direction.
The charge pump circuit is an important module in a frequency synthesizer system, and converts signals generated after frequency discrimination and phase discrimination into voltage change through a filter, and controls a voltage-controlled oscillator to generate frequency output, so that the quality of the output signals can be seriously influenced by the performance of the charge pump, and if the current source and the current sink of the charge pump are mismatched, burrs can be generated on the output voltage line, so that the noise performance and the stray performance of the frequency generated by the voltage-controlled oscillator are influenced.
The overall circuit architecture of the frequency synthesizer is shown in fig. 1, and the frequency synthesizer mainly includes circuit modules including a phase detector, a charge pump, a third-order filter, a voltage-controlled oscillator, a dual-mode frequency divider, and a delta-sigma modulator, and is configured to generate an oscillation signal with stable frequency. The structure of a conventional self-calibration charge pump circuit used in a frequency synthesizer is shown in fig. 2, wherein a previous stage of the charge pump circuit is connected with a phase detector circuit, and a next stage of the charge pump circuit is connected with a loop filter circuit. The phase detector is mainly responsible for converting phase difference signals generated by the phase detector into input and output of current and charging or discharging a loop filter. In order to prevent the charge sharing effect, two paths of charge pump differential switches are adopted, and a unit gain amplifier OP is used in the middle2The connection is carried out to keep the voltage of the output point relatively constant, and the jump of the voltage when the switch is switched on and off is prevented. In additionIn addition, in order to prevent the mismatch effect of the current source and the current sink, a feedback operational amplifier OP is used between the current bias circuit and the current source circuit1And the connection is carried out, so that the accurate current matching between the charge pump branch circuit and the bias circuit is ensured. However, when the phase discrimination frequency is high and the current unit variation range is large, the loop stability is greatly changed, and therefore, the matching of the charge pump current is difficult to guarantee. Especially, under the condition of high phase discrimination frequency broadband application, higher requirements are put forward on the performance of the charge pump.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a self-calibration charge pump circuit based on current compensation, which can solve the problem of current mismatch of a charge pump of a broadband high-phase-demodulation frequency phase-locked loop.
The invention can generate very small current mismatch under the condition of large-range current regulation of the charge pump, thereby reducing the phase noise and the spurious level of the frequency generator.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical solution of the invention is as follows:
a self-calibration charge pump circuit based on current compensation comprises a current bias circuit 1, a current source unit circuit 2, a compensation current source circuit 3, a voltage signal detection circuit 4 and a digital logic feedback control circuit 5;
the current bias circuit 1 is used for generating two paths of mirror image bias currents and mirroring the two paths of mirror image bias currents to the current source unit circuit 2;
the current source unit circuit 2 is used for receiving a phase discrimination signal provided by the preceding-stage phase discriminator circuit and starting a charging circuit or a discharging circuit under the control of the phase discrimination signal; the mirror image bias current detection circuit is also used for converting the received mirror image bias current into a voltage signal and outputting the voltage signal of the charging circuit or the discharging circuit to the voltage signal detection circuit 4; and is also used for outputting the configured current source control information to the digital logic feedback control circuit 5;
the compensation current source circuit 3 is used for compensating the output current of the current source unit circuit 2 according to the logic control word output by the digital logic feedback control circuit 5;
the voltage signal detection circuit 4 is used for detecting the voltage variation condition output by the current source unit circuit 2, determining the range of the voltage, converting the detected voltage amplitude information into a binary digital code and outputting the binary digital code to the digital logic feedback control circuit 5;
the digital logic feedback control circuit 5 is used for receiving the binary digital code and the current source control information, obtaining a logic control word by a look-up table method, and outputting the logic control word to the compensation current source circuit 3.
Wherein the current bias circuit 1 comprises a transistor M0、M1、M2、M3And an operational amplifier OP1And OP2；
M0Is connected to a power supply, M0Drain electrode of M1Source electrode of, M0Is connected with a bias voltage VB 1; m1The grid electrodes of the two are respectively connected with a capacitor C1And an operational amplifier OP1An output of (d); m2Is connected to the other end of the capacitor C1, and an operational amplifier OP1Negative input of (1) and M1Drain electrode of, M2The grid of the operational amplifier OP2Output of (A), M2Is connected with the operational amplifier OP2Negative input sum of M3A drain electrode of (1); m3Source of (3) is grounded, M3Is connected to the bias voltage VB 2.
Wherein the current source unit circuit 2 comprises a transistor M01、M02…M0n，M11、M12…M1n，M21、M22…M2n，M31、M32…M3n；
Transistor M01、M02…M0nThe source electrodes are respectively connected with a power supply, the grid electrodes are respectively connected with UP signals, and the drain electrodes are respectively connected with M11、M12…M1nThe source electrodes are correspondingly connected one by one; m11、M12…M1nThe grid electrodes of the grid electrodes are respectively connected with an operational amplifier OP1Output of (C), capacitor C1And M and1grid of the tube, M11、M12…M1nRespectively with M21、M22…M2nAre connected in one-to-one correspondence with the drain electrodes and are connected with the operational amplifier OP1The positive ends of the two are connected; m21、M22…M2nRespectively with M2Grid of tube and operational amplifier OP2Is connected to the output of M21、M22…M2nRespectively with M31、M32…M3nThe drain electrodes of the tubes are correspondingly connected one by one; m31、M32…M3nThe gate of the transistor is connected with the DOWN signal, and the source is connected with the ground.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
compared with the traditional charge pump circuit under the condition of wide-range current output application, the charge pump circuit developed by the invention can greatly reduce the mismatch effect of the output current of the charge pump.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a general architecture of a prior art frequency synthesizer;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a general configuration of a prior art self-calibrating charge pump;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the self-calibrating charge pump based on current compensation according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a detailed circuit diagram of the current bias, current source unit and compensation current source of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a specific circuit for voltage signal detection and digital logic control according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and application advantages of the present invention more apparent, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention is provided with reference to fig. 1-5.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a general structure of a frequency synthesizer, and each module shown in fig. 1 operates, first, a phase detector compares an input reference frequency with a feedback frequency, a charge pump converts a phase difference output by the phase detector into a voltage signal, and outputs the voltage signal to a filter for filtering, and finally the voltage signal is sent to a voltage-controlled oscillator, and the output frequency is fed back to the phase detector through a dual-mode frequency division circuit and a delta-sigma modulator, so that the function of the frequency synthesizer is completed; FIG. 2 is a general schematic diagram of a conventional self-calibrating charge pump, transistorM0，M1，M3Reference current biasing circuit, M, for a charge pump2，M4For charge-pump image tubes, M5，M6，M7，M8For the switching tube, operational amplifier OP of a charge pump1Control transistor M3Voltage sum of drain electrode M7The voltages of the drains are consistent, so that the current in the reference bias circuit and the operational amplifier OP can be accurately copied2Control of OnNode and OpThe voltages of the nodes are consistent, and the charge sharing problem generated during switching is solved.
However, in the case of a wideband high frequency application, the frequency synthesizer needs to adjust the current of the charge pump in a wide range, which results in the operational amplifier OP1The load condition of the input end also changes greatly, so that the loop stability and the gain condition of the operational amplifier change to a certain extent, and the larger the current change of the charge pump is, the larger the mismatch current is.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a self-calibrating charge pump based on current compensation according to the present invention, which includes: the current compensation circuit comprises a current bias circuit 1, a current source unit circuit 2, a compensation current source circuit 3, a voltage signal detection circuit 4 and a digital logic feedback control circuit 5.
The current bias circuit 1 is used for generating two paths of mirror image bias currents and mirroring the two paths of mirror image bias currents to the current source unit circuit 2; the current source unit circuit 2 is used for receiving a phase discrimination signal provided by the preceding-stage phase discriminator circuit and starting a charging circuit or a discharging circuit under the control of the phase discrimination signal; the mirror image bias current detection circuit is also used for converting the received mirror image bias current into a voltage signal and outputting the voltage signal of the charging circuit or the discharging circuit to the voltage signal detection circuit 4; and is also used for outputting the configured current source control information to the digital logic feedback control circuit 5; the compensation current source circuit 3 is used for compensating the output current of the current source unit circuit 2 according to the logic control word output by the digital logic feedback control circuit 5; the voltage signal detection circuit 4 is used for detecting the voltage variation condition output by the current source unit circuit 2, determining the range of the voltage, converting the detected voltage amplitude information into a binary digital code and outputting the binary digital code to the digital logic feedback control circuit 5; the digital logic feedback control circuit 5 is used for receiving the binary digital code and the current source control information, obtaining a logic control word by a look-up table method, and outputting the logic control word to the compensation current source circuit 3.
When the charge pump circuit is configured and works normally, the digital logic feedback control circuit 5 firstly detects the current configuration of the charge pump, selects normal lookup table information, when the frequency synthesis reaches a frequency locking state, the voltage signal detection circuit 4 detects the amplitude information of the output voltage and converts the amplitude information into binary number to be sent to the digital logic feedback control circuit 5, the current compensation circuit is configured through the information of the lookup table, and the more the output voltage of the charge pump deviates from the middle value of the power supply, the larger the compensated current is. Therefore, under the condition of wide-range current output, the influence of mismatch current can be greatly reduced.
FIG. 4 is a detailed circuit diagram of a current bias, a current source unit and a compensation current source, wherein the current bias circuit 1 comprises a transistor M0、M1、M2、M3And an operational amplifier OP1And OP2，M0Is connected to a power supply, M0Drain electrode of M1Source electrode of, M0Is connected with a bias voltage VB1, M1Gate of (2) is connected with a capacitor C1And an operational amplifier OP1Output of (A), M2Is connected to the other end of the capacitor C1, an operational amplifier OP1Negative input of (1) and M1Drain electrode of, M2The grid of the operational amplifier OP2Output of (A), M2Is connected with the operational amplifier OP2Negative input sum of M3Drain electrode of, M3Source of (3) is grounded, M3Is connected to the bias voltage VB 2. The current source unit circuit 2 includes a transistor M01、M02…M0n，M11、M12…M1n，M21、M22…M2n，M31、M32…M3nTransistor M01、M02…M0nThe source is connected with the power supply, the grid is connected with the UP signal, and the drain is respectively connected with the M11、M12…M1nIs connected to the source of M11、M12…M1nThe grid of the operational amplifier OP1Output of (C), capacitance C1And M and1grid of the tube, M11、M12…M1nDrain electrode of (1) and21、M22…M2ndrain electrode of (1) and operational amplifier OP1Are connected to the positive terminal of M21、M22…M2nGrid and M2Grid of tube and operational amplifier OP2Is connected to the output of M21、M22…M2nRespectively with M31、M32…M3nThe drain of the transistor is connected, the grid is connected with the DOWN signal, and the source is connected with the ground.
Compared with the traditional charge pump circuit, the current bias circuit 1 adopts two operational amplifiers to mirror the reference current into the current source unit circuit 2, and M is ensured1And M11，M2And M22Under the condition of the same grid voltage, the source-drain voltage is also the same according to the formula
Figure BDA0001829667750000071
The mirrored current can be ensured to be more accurate.
In addition, M in the current source unit circuit 201、M02.。。。M0nA control switch of the upper current source, a source electrode directly connected with the power supply, and a drain electrode connected with a current mirror tube M11、M12.。。。M1n，M11、M12.。。。M1nThe drain electrode of the tube is connected to the voltage detection point; m31、M32.。。。M3nThe source electrode of the control switch of the lower current source is directly connected with the ground, and the drain electrode is connected with a current mirror tube M21、M22.。。。M2n，M21、M22.。。。M2nThe drain of the tube is connected to the voltage detection point. In the conventional charge pump current source switch, as shown in fig. 2, the current source bias tube M2Source electrode of (2) is connected with a power supply, M2Drain electrode of the switch tube M5、M6Source electrode of, M5、M6Is connected to the output end, and the current source biases the tube M4Source of (3) is grounded, M4Drain electrode of the switch tube M7、M8Source electrode of, M7、M8Is connected to the output terminal. Compared with the traditional circuit, the current mirror image tube is positioned between the current switch tube and the output, the influence of the channel charge injection effect on the output is reduced, meanwhile, the source electrodes of the upper current switch tube and the lower current switch tube are respectively connected with the power supply and the ground, the parasitic capacitance from the original current mirror image tube to the power supply and the ground is removed, and the charge sharing problem is avoided.
The compensating current source circuit 3 is composed of a mirror image tube M4、M41…M4nAnd a switching tube M5、M51…M5nThe size of the current in each current source is adjusted by designing different width-length ratios.
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a voltage signal detection and digital logic control circuit, resistor R11、R12…R1n、R21、R22…R2n+1Form a voltage divider circuit, a switch S11…S1nAnd S21…S2nControlling the output of the voltage at each node, switch S11…S1nIs connected to an operational amplifier OP3Positive terminal of (1), switch S21…S2nIs connected to an operational amplifier OP4The voltage detection point in fig. 3 is connected to the negative terminal of the operational amplifier OP3 in fig. 5 and the operational amplifier OP4Positive terminal of (2), OP by operational amplifier3And OP4Comparing, sending the output two-bit digital signal to the digital logic feedback control circuit 5, determining the voltage value of the voltage detection point in FIG. 3, and if the voltage detection point is not at the OP amplifier3Positive terminal and operational amplifier OP4Within the range of the negative terminal of (1), by controlling the switch S11…S1nAnd S21…S2nAdjusting the output voltage until the voltage detection point is judged to be at OP1Positive terminal and operational amplifier OP2Within the range of the negative terminal. Then, the digital logic feedback control circuit 5 configures the current source unit circuit 2 to adjust an appropriate compensation current value.
Through the cooperative work of the current bias circuit 1, the current source unit circuit 2, the compensation current source circuit 3, the voltage signal detection circuit 4 and the digital logic feedback control circuit 5, the current mismatch output by the charge pump is reduced to the minimum.
The above description of embodiments with reference to the drawings is intended to facilitate the understanding of the innovative principles of the present invention and is not intended to limit the embodiments of the invention to the various embodiments and the scope of the claims. However, the design of the present invention for achieving the same objects and effects, equivalent structural changes or component replacements according to the above embodiments, should be considered as infringement of the protection content of the present patent application.

Claims (3)

1. A self-calibration charge pump circuit based on current compensation comprises a compensation current source circuit (3), a voltage signal detection circuit (4) and a digital logic feedback control circuit (5); the method is characterized in that: the circuit also comprises a current bias circuit (1) and a current source unit circuit (2);
the current bias circuit (1) is used for generating two paths of mirror image bias currents and mirroring the mirror image bias currents to the current source unit circuit (2);
the current source unit circuit (2) is used for receiving a phase discrimination signal provided by the preceding-stage phase discriminator circuit and starting a charging circuit or a discharging circuit under the control of the phase discrimination signal; the circuit is also used for converting the received mirror image bias current into a voltage signal and outputting the voltage signal of the charging circuit or the discharging circuit to a voltage signal detection circuit (4); and also for outputting configured current source control information to a digital logic feedback control circuit (5);
the compensation current source circuit (3) is used for compensating the output current of the current source unit circuit (2) according to the logic control word output by the digital logic feedback control circuit (5);
the voltage signal detection circuit (4) is used for detecting the voltage variation condition output by the current source unit circuit (2), determining the range of the voltage, converting the detected voltage amplitude information into binary digital codes and outputting the binary digital codes to the digital logic feedback control circuit (5);
the digital logic feedback control circuit (5) is used for receiving the binary digital code and the current source control information, obtaining a logic control word by a look-up table method, and outputting the logic control word to the compensation current source circuit (3).
2. The self-calibrating charge pump circuit based on current compensation of claim 1, wherein: the current bias circuit (1) comprises a transistor M0、M1、M2、M3Capacitor C1And OP1And OP2；
M0Is connected to a power supply, M0Drain electrode of M1Source electrode of, M0Is connected with a bias voltage VB 1; m1The grid electrodes of the two are respectively connected with a capacitor C1And an operational amplifier OP1An output terminal of (a); m2Is connected with the other end of the capacitor C1 and the operational amplifier OP1And M1Drain electrode of, M2The grid of the operational amplifier OP2Output of (A), M2Is connected with the operational amplifier OP2And M is a negative input terminal3A drain electrode of (1); m3Source of (3) is grounded, M3Is connected to the bias voltage VB 2.
3. The self-calibrating charge pump circuit based on current compensation of claim 2, wherein: the current source unit circuit (2) includes a transistor M01、M02…M0n，M11、M12…M1n，M21、M22…M2n，M31、M32…M3n；
Transistor M01、M02…M0nThe source electrodes are respectively connected with a power supply, the grid electrodes are respectively connected with UP signals, and the drain electrodes are respectively connected with M11、M12…M1nThe source electrodes are correspondingly connected one by one; m11、M12…M1nThe grid electrodes of the grid electrodes are respectively connected with an operational amplifier OP1Output terminal of (1), capacitor C1And M and1grid of the tube, M11、M12…M1nRespectively with M21、M22…M2nAre connected in one-to-one correspondence with the drain electrodes and are connected with the operational amplifier OP1Positive input ofEnd connection; m21、M22…M2nRespectively with M2Grid of tube and operational amplifier OP2Are connected to the output terminal of M21、M22…M2nRespectively with M31、M32…M3nThe drain electrodes of the tubes are correspondingly connected one by one; m31、M32…M3nThe gate of the transistor is connected with the DOWN signal, and the source is connected with the ground.
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