CN109376372A - A method for optimizing post-solder coupling efficiency at key locations of optical interconnect modules - Google Patents

A method for optimizing post-solder coupling efficiency at key locations of optical interconnect modules Download PDF

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CN109376372A
CN109376372A CN201810998239.0A CN201810998239A CN109376372A CN 109376372 A CN109376372 A CN 109376372A CN 201810998239 A CN201810998239 A CN 201810998239A CN 109376372 A CN109376372 A CN 109376372A
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coupling efficiency
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optical interconnection
interconnection module
optical interconnect
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CN109376372B (en
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黄春跃
王建培
唐香琼
邵良滨
路良坤
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Guilin University of Electronic Technology
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Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of optimization optical interconnection module key position postwelding coupling efficiency methods, 32 groups of test combinations are designed first with response phase method, according to this 32 groups of experiment parameters, establish corresponding 32 groups of simulation models, then the functional relation of optical interconnection module key position postwelding coupling efficiency and key factor is obtained using Response Surface Method, variance analysis is carried out to functional expression obtained, it is determined that the validity of regression equation;Genetic algorithm is recycled to optimize regression equation, initial population is successively executed to generate, intersection, make a variation and evolve and reverse operation, the optimum combination most beneficial for the coupling efficiency for promoting optical interconnection module key position postwelding is obtained, is verified finally by corresponding optical interconnection module finite element analysis model is established;This method has excellent robust performance, and calculating is relatively simple, brings great convenience for later period Parameters Optimal Design, the calculated result after optimization is ideal.

Description

A kind of optimization optical interconnection module key position postwelding coupling efficiency method
Technical field
It is specifically a kind of to be based on Response Surface Method and genetic algorithm the present invention relates to microelectronics Packaging light network technical field Optimize the method for optical interconnection module key position postwelding coupling efficiency.
Background technique
Light network technology is as a kind of solution because electrical interconnection technology is in surface installation technique (Surface Mount Technology, SMT) and the signal transmission bottleneck problem that encounters by the reason of high density and micromation of micro-group dress aspect is new One of interconnection mode has good development prospect.But because in encapsulation assembling process because of heat existing for technique and working environment and The influence of the factors such as vibration, optical path aligned position can generate offset, cause the reduction of coupling efficiency, it has also become the technical application Aspect critical issue urgently to be solved.A kind of typical optical interconnection module of the present invention exists to optical interconnection module as research object After being completed, the heat of working environment locating for practical application is with vibration to the issuable shadow of offset at module alignment position It rings.Using FInite Element, under the conditions of temperature change and vibration coupling, to optical interconnection module aligned position in cartesian coordinate It is that three axial and relative angle generation offsets are analyzed, and are emulated according to offset data to coupling efficiency It calculates, to improve efficiency coupling of the optical interconnection module under multiple physical field environment collective effect, completes welding material and structure The finite element modeling of optical interconnection module when geometric shape parameter single factor test changes, and the coupling Simulation of multiple physical field has been carried out, and The analysis optimization of aligned position offset analysis and coupling efficiency, that is, pass through ANSYS finite element analysis software simulation analysis Then the offset of aligned position has carried out simulation analysis to coupling efficiency using ZEMAX software, and to analysis interpretation of result After processing, using Design-Expert response surface analysis software and Matlab software to analytical factor to optical interconnection module Coupling efficiency carries out the optimization analysis of reaction curved surface algorithm and genetic algorithm, to reach the coupling efficiency for improving optical interconnection module. Genetic algorithm is to calculate one of mathematics global optimization approach, is very suitable to solve large-scale combinatorial optimization problem.Electronics The layout of element belongs to travelling salesman (TSP) problem in Combinatorial Optimization, has scholar in recent years for genetic algorithm and is applied to the neck In the research of domain, therefore, optimized using standard genetic algorithm available relatively good as a result, effect of optimization easy to accomplish.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, and provide a kind of optimization optical interconnection module key position weldering The method of coupling efficiency afterwards, this method have excellent robust performance, and calculating is relatively simple, bring pole for later period Parameters Optimal Design Big convenient, the calculated result after optimization is ideal.
Realizing the technical solution of the object of the invention is:
A kind of optimization optical interconnection module key position postwelding coupling efficiency method, specifically comprises the following steps:
1) optical interconnection module finite element analysis model is established;
2) optical interconnection module finite element analysis model obtains optical interconnection module key position after reflow welding finite element analysis The alignment offset amount at place;
3) coupling efficiency for obtaining optical interconnection module key position postwelding is calculated using ZEMAX;
4) influence factor for influencing coupling efficiency is established;
5) the parameter level value of influence factor is established;
6) the 32 groups of experiment samples needed using the center combination design modelling using BOX-Behnken;
7) functional relation of influence factor and coupling efficiency is obtained;
It 8) is to carry out variance analysis to gained functional relation;
9) correctness of gained functional relation is established;
10) initial population is generated using random fashion;
11) current evolutionary generation gen and adaptive optimal control angle value are obtained;
12) crossover operation is implemented to population respectively;
13) mutation operation is implemented to population respectively;
14) respectively population is implemented to evolve and is reversed;
15) two populations are calculated into fitness function value as a whole, and optimized individual is selected using optimum maintaining strategy;
16) it is rejudged after population recruitment, if gen value is less than 50 and num value is greater than 0, local catastrophe is implemented to population.
In step 1), the model includes that three layers of PCB, soldered ball, optical coupling element and imbedded fiber, soldered ball are located at phase Between adjacent two layers of PCB, optical coupling element is located at the center of lower layer PCB, and imbedded fiber is located on the PCB of lower layer, upper layer The size of PCB is 27 × 27 × 1.52mm;The size of middle layer PCB is 35 × 35 × 1.52mm;The size of lower layer PCB is 55 × 50 ×1.52mm;Optical coupling element radius is 0.0625mm, length 2.76mm;Imbedded fiber radius is 0.0625mm, length For 30mm;Pad radius is 0.3mm;Upper layer soldered ball volume is 0.2mm3, it is highly 0.52mm, spacing 1.5mm;Lower layer's soldered ball Volume is 0.2mm3, it is highly 0.48mm, spacing 1.5mm.
In step 4), the influence factor is upper layer solder joint height H1, lower layer solder joint height H2, pad radius R, solder joint Centre distance L and solder joint volume V.
In step 5), the number of levels of the parameter level value is 5, because prime number is 5.
It is the 32 groups of experiment samples needed using the center combination design modelling using BOX-Behnken in step 6) This, wherein 26 groups are analysis factor, 6 groups are the zero point factor, i.e. parameter level combination is identical, are estimated for experimental error.
In step 10), the population scale is set as 40.
In step 11), the genetic algebra is set as 50.
A kind of optimization optical interconnection module key position postwelding coupling efficiency method provided by the invention, this method pass through less Experiment number relatively accurately approach the functional relation between factor and target value in a certain range, and use structure It shows, and Complex Response relationship can be intended by the selection to regression model in a certain range, there is excellent robust Performance, calculating is relatively simple, brings great convenience for later period Parameters Optimal Design.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is optical interconnection module basic model figure;
Fig. 2 is that the ZEMAX of basic model analyzes result figure;
Fig. 3 is regression equation Change in Mean figure after genetic algorithm optimization;
Fig. 4 is the variation diagram of regression equation optimal solution after genetic algorithm optimization;
The several picture that Fig. 5 is the ZEMAX of optimum combination analyzes result figure.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is further elaborated with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, but is not limitation of the invention.
Embodiment:
A kind of optimization optical interconnection module key position postwelding coupling efficiency method, specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) optical interconnection module basic model is established, model basic size is as shown in table 1, and model is as shown in Figure 1;
(2) model is through obtaining optical interconnection module key position: centre of luminescence point A and optocoupler after reflow welding finite element analysis The alignment offset amount closed at central point B is as shown in table 2;
(3) it is using the coupling efficiency that the several picture analytic function of ZEMAX obtains optical interconnection module key position postwelding 87.89%, analysis result figure is as shown in Figure 2;
(4) influence factor for influencing coupling efficiency is obtained are as follows: upper layer solder joint height, lower layer's solder joint height, pad radius, weldering Dot center's distance and solder joint volume;5 level values are chosen to each factor respectively, factor level table is as shown in table 3;
(5) using the center combination design model for using BOX-Behnken, there are 32 groups of simulation model horizontal combinations, wherein 26 groups are analysis factor, and 6 groups are the zero point factor, i.e. parameter level combination is identical, are estimated for experimental error;32 groups of parameter combinations The results are shown in Table 4;
(6) according to calculus knowledge, any function all can be by several polynomial pieces approximate representations, therefore are actually asking It, always can be with polynomial regression come analytical calculation, due to setting herein regardless of relationship complexity between variable and result in topic Meter variable be 5 and between variable and target functional relation be it is non-linear, in conjunction with the experiment sample number of table 4, select and be based on Taylor The second order polynomial model of expansion:
It (A) include constant term α in formula0, linear termLinear crossing itemQuadratic termαi For linear term coefficient;αijFor linear crossing term coefficient;αiiFor two-term coefficient;ε is random error;X is design variable;Y is mesh Scale value;N is variable number.
(7) to combinations of factors and its secondary multiple regression fitting of result progress is tested in table 1, it is right to obtain coupling efficiency (Y) Upper layer solder joint height (X1), lower layer solder joint height (X2), pad radius (X3), solder joint centre distance (X4) and solder joint volume (X5) Quadratic polynomial regression equation are as follows:
(8) in order to ensure regression equation is credible, the conspicuousness for having carried out variance analysis and model to data in table 3 is verified, Regression equation relevant evaluation index is obtained, the results are shown in Table 5;
(9) less than 0.0001, (generally less than 0.05 indicates that this is aobvious to the model " Preb > F " that response surface analysis obtains Write), illustrate that response surface model regression effect is particularly significant;Regression equation coefficient (R-Squared) is 0.9979, shows recurrence side Journey degree of fitting is very high;Regression equation regulation coefficient (Adi R-Squared-expression removes the fitting precision after not significant index) It is 0.994, more accurately reflects that the fitting precision of equation is high;Regression equation predictive coefficient (Pred R-Squared) is 0.9505, illustrate that the prediction accuracy of equation is very high;Equation signal-to-noise ratio (Adeq Precision) is 71.319, illustrates recurrence side Journey be disturbed factor influence it is small;The equation coefficient of variation (CV) is 0.068, illustrates that test operation is credible.Result above coefficient is all Show the test result that formula (B) can be highly fitted in table 4, regression equation is accurately credible;
(10) appeal regression equation is optimized using genetic algorithm, the algorithm is true one group random first from domain Initial solution, and then search for and lead the optimal or algorithm of objective function in range random true one group of initial solution first from domain, into And search for the optimal or suboptimal solution of objective function in neck range;
The genetic algorithm optimization regression equation, step specific as follows:
Step a: initial population is generated using random fashion;
Step b: current evolutionary generation gen and adaptive optimal control angle value are obtained;
Step c: crossover operation is implemented to population respectively;
Step d: mutation operation is implemented to population respectively;
Step e: respectively population is implemented to evolve and is reversed;
Step f: population is calculated into fitness function value as a whole, and optimized individual is selected using optimum maintaining strategy;
Step g: rejudging after population recruitment, if gen value is less than 50 and num value is greater than 0, implements local calamity to population Become, then return step b, otherwise direct return step b;The maximum genetic algebra of algorithm was set as 50 generations, and gen value is more than 50 ends Only evolve.
It (11) is up to that target carries out parameter optimization with coupling efficiency by MATLAB GAs Toolbox;Problem mean value It is as shown in Figure 3, Figure 4 with optimal solution variation.
(12) according to the value range for setting impact factor in appeal factor parameter list, optimum combination is obtained are as follows: upper layer weldering Point height is 0.45mm, lower layer's solder joint height is 0.65mm, pad radius is 0.43mm, solder joint centre distance is 1.5mm and weldering Point volume 0.43mm3, obtaining coupling efficiency value at this time is 98.13%.
(13) it is combined according to above-mentioned obtained final parameter, corresponding optical interconnection module simulation model is established, through reflow welding Optical interconnection module key position: the alignment offset amount at centre of luminescence point A and optical coupling central point B is obtained after finite element analysis As shown in table 6;It is 98.172% that coupling efficiency value, which is calculated, using the several picture analytic function of ZEMAX, as shown in figure 5, It is with genetic algorithm predicted value very close, it was demonstrated that having for genetic algorithm optimization optical interconnection module key position postwelding coupling efficiency Effect property.
1 model basic size of table
2 2080s key point A, B alignment offset of table
3 optical interconnection module structural parameters factor level table of table
4 32 groups of parameter combination results of table
5 response surface analysis result of table
6 optimal models key point A, B alignment offset amount of table

Claims (7)

1.一种优化光互连模块关键位置焊后耦合效率方法,其特征在于,具体包括如下步骤:1. a method for optimizing post-weld coupling efficiency at key positions of optical interconnection modules, is characterized in that, specifically comprises the steps: 1)建立光互连模块有限元分析模型;1) Establish a finite element analysis model of the optical interconnect module; 2)光互连模块有限元分析模型经再流焊有限元分析后,获得光互连模块关键位置处的对准偏移量;2) After the finite element analysis model of the optical interconnection module is subjected to the finite element analysis of reflow soldering, the alignment offset at the key position of the optical interconnection module is obtained; 3)利用ZEMAX计算获取光互连模块关键位置焊后的耦合效率;3) Use ZEMAX to calculate and obtain the coupling efficiency of the key positions of the optical interconnect module after welding; 4)确立影响耦合效率的影响因素;4) Establish the influencing factors that affect the coupling efficiency; 5)确立影响因素的参数水平值;5) Establish the parameter level values of the influencing factors; 6)利用采用BOX-Behnken的中心组合设计模型设计需要的32组实验样本;6) Use the BOX-Behnken center combination design model to design the required 32 sets of experimental samples; 7)获得影响因素与耦合效率的函数关系式;7) Obtain the functional relationship between influencing factors and coupling efficiency; 8)对所得函数关系是进行方差分析;8) Analysis of variance is performed on the obtained functional relationship; 9)确立所得函数关系式的正确性;9) Establish the correctness of the obtained functional relationship; 10)采用随机方式生成初始种群;10) Generate the initial population in a random way; 11)获得当前进化代数gen和最优适应度值;11) Obtain the current evolutionary algebra gen and the optimal fitness value; 12)分别对种群实施交叉操作;12) Perform crossover operations on the populations respectively; 13)分别对种群实施变异操作;13) Perform mutation operations on the populations respectively; 14)分别对种群实施进化逆转;14) Perform evolutionary reversals on the populations respectively; 15)将两个种群作为整体计算适应度函数值,并采用最优保存策略选择最佳个体;15) Calculate the fitness function value of the two populations as a whole, and use the optimal preservation strategy to select the best individual; 16)种群更新后重新判断,若gen值小于50且num值大于0,则对种群实施局部灾变。16) Re-judgment after the population is updated. If the gen value is less than 50 and the num value is greater than 0, a local catastrophe will be implemented on the population. 2.根据权利要求1所述的一种优化光互连模块关键位置焊后耦合效率方法,其特征在于,步骤1)中,所述的模型包括三层PCB、焊球、光耦合元件和埋入式光纤,焊球设在相邻两层的PCB之间,光耦合元件设在下层PCB的正中心,埋入式光纤设在下层的PCB上,上层PCB的尺寸为27×27×1.52mm;中层PCB的尺寸为35×35×1.52mm;下层PCB的尺寸为55×50×1.52mm;光耦合元件半径为0.0625mm,长度为2.76mm;埋入式光纤半径为0.0625mm,长度为30mm;焊盘半径为0.3mm;上层焊球体积为0.2mm3,高度为0.52mm,间距为1.5mm;下层焊球体积为0.2mm3,高度为0.48mm,间距为1.5mm。2. A method for optimizing post-solder coupling efficiency at key positions of an optical interconnect module according to claim 1, wherein in step 1), the model includes a three-layer PCB, solder balls, optical coupling elements and buried For the embedded optical fiber, the solder balls are placed between the two adjacent PCB layers, the optical coupling element is located in the center of the lower PCB, the embedded optical fiber is placed on the lower PCB, and the size of the upper PCB is 27×27×1.52mm The size of the middle PCB is 35×35×1.52mm; the size of the lower PCB is 55×50×1.52mm; the radius of the optical coupling element is 0.0625mm and the length is 2.76mm; the radius of the embedded fiber is 0.0625mm and the length is 30mm ; The radius of the pad is 0.3mm; the volume of the upper solder ball is 0.2mm 3 , the height is 0.52mm, and the pitch is 1.5mm; the volume of the lower solder ball is 0.2mm 3 , the height is 0.48mm, and the pitch is 1.5mm. 3.根据权利要求1所述的一种优化光互连模块关键位置焊后耦合效率方法,其特征在于,步骤4)中,所述的影响因素为上层焊点高度H1、下层焊点高度H2、焊盘半径R、焊点中心距离L和焊点体积V。3. The method for optimizing post-weld coupling efficiency at key positions of an optical interconnect module according to claim 1, wherein in step 4), the influencing factors are the height H 1 of the upper solder joint and the height of the lower solder joint H 2 , pad radius R, solder joint center distance L and solder joint volume V. 4.根据权利要求1所述的一种优化光互连模块关键位置焊后耦合效率方法,其特征在于,步骤5)中,所述的参数水平值的水平数为5,因素数为5。4 . The method for optimizing post-weld coupling efficiency at key positions of an optical interconnect module according to claim 1 , wherein in step 5), the level number of the parameter level value is 5, and the factor number is 5. 5 . 5.根据权利要求1所述的一种优化光互连模块关键位置焊后耦合效率方法,其特征在于,步骤6)中,是利用采用BOX-Behnken的中心组合设计模型设计需要的32组实验样本,其中26组为分析因子,6组为零点因子,即参数水平组合相同,用于实验误差估计。5. A method for optimizing post-weld coupling efficiency at key positions of optical interconnect modules according to claim 1, characterized in that, in step 6), 32 groups of experiments are used to design the required BOX-Behnken center combination design model Samples, of which 26 groups are analysis factors, and 6 groups are zero-point factors, that is, the parameter level combination is the same, which is used for experimental error estimation. 6.根据权利要求1所述的一种优化光互连模块关键位置焊后耦合效率方法,其特征在于,步骤10)中,所述的种群规模设置为40。6 . The method for optimizing post-solder coupling efficiency at key positions of an optical interconnect module according to claim 1 , wherein in step 10 ), the population size is set to 40. 7 . 7.根据权利要求1所述的一种优化光互连模块关键位置焊后耦合效率方法,其特征在于,步骤11)中,所述的遗传代数设置为50。7 . The method for optimizing post-weld coupling efficiency at key positions of an optical interconnect module according to claim 1 , wherein in step 11), the genetic algebra is set to 50. 8 .
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