CN109375288B - Rain, snow and sand storm measuring device and measuring method - Google Patents
Rain, snow and sand storm measuring device and measuring method Download PDFInfo
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- CN109375288B CN109375288B CN201811597062.XA CN201811597062A CN109375288B CN 109375288 B CN109375288 B CN 109375288B CN 201811597062 A CN201811597062 A CN 201811597062A CN 109375288 B CN109375288 B CN 109375288B
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- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01W—METEOROLOGY
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- G01W1/02—Instruments for indicating weather conditions by measuring two or more variables, e.g. humidity, pressure, temperature, cloud cover or wind speed
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Abstract
The invention discloses a rain, snow and sand storm measuring device, which comprises a chassis (14) and a protective shell (2) for covering the chassis (14); protective housing (2) top is provided with adapter (1), the export of adapter (1) is just to the import of storing bucket (3), it is provided with filter screen (4) that are used for making the rainwater pass through to store bucket (3) bottom, the delivery port department of filter screen (4) is provided with tipping bucket (5), be provided with magnet steel (7) on tipping bucket (5), be close to be provided with tongue tube (6) on the support of magnet steel (7), the delivery port of tipping bucket (5) is just to the water inlet of water storage bucket (8), store bucket (3) and water storage bucket (8) body coupling and be located on weighing sensor (10). The invention can distinguish liquid precipitation from solid precipitation, judge the weight increment caused by sand storm, and improve the precipitation measurement precision because the liquid precipitation in the water storage barrel is not influenced by evaporation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an atmospheric precipitation measuring device and a measuring method, in particular to a measuring device and a measuring method which can distinguish liquid precipitation, solid precipitation and sand storm and improve the precipitation measuring precision, and belongs to the technical field of hydrological and meteorological measurement.
Background
Atmospheric precipitation measurement is an important link of earth water circulation monitoring, is an important component of water resource utilization, is also an important influence factor in many aspects such as climate change, geological disaster, flood disaster early warning and environmental assessment, and industry researchers seek various methods to accurately measure precipitation.
At present, the weighing type rain gauge used at home and abroad has the measurement principle that: the weighing type rain gauge is designed based on the load measurement technical principle, and the rainfall is measured through quick response to the mass change in the water storage barrel.
The current weighing type rain gauge has the problems that:
(1) heating energy consumption, in winter, the rain and snow meter heats for a long time to keep the temperature at 8 ℃, and a large amount of electric energy is consumed;
(2) the instrument barrel has a large opening surface, evaporation is generated, and the measurement precision is influenced;
(3) liquid precipitation, solid precipitation and sand storm cannot be distinguished, and wrong measurement values are generated;
(4) antifreeze and evaporation inhibiting oil are required to be added, so that errors are generated and environmental pollution is caused;
(5) the weighing type rain gauge requires manual drainage, and therefore, cannot be used in an unattended telemetry station.
Therefore, a new measuring device and method for rain, snow and sand storm are needed to solve the above technical problems.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a rain, snow and sand storm measuring device which can distinguish liquid precipitation from solid precipitation and judge the weight gain generated by a sand storm, and the liquid precipitation in a water storage barrel is not influenced by evaporation, so that the measuring precision of the precipitation can be improved;
furthermore, the invention provides a rain, snow and sand storm measuring device which does not need manual drainage and can be applied to a remote monitoring station without being monitored;
furthermore, the invention provides a rain, snow and sand storm measuring device which has the advantages of simple structure, low cost, no pollution, environmental friendliness, energy conservation and emission reduction;
furthermore, the invention provides a measuring method capable of distinguishing weather types such as rainfall, snowfall, sleet and sand storm, and the method can obviously improve the measuring precision of the rainfall.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a rain, snow and sand storm measuring device comprises a chassis and a protective shell for covering the chassis; the utility model discloses a rainwater storage device, including protective housing, storage bucket, water storage bucket, weighing sensor, controller, temperature and humidity sensor, the protective housing top is provided with the adapter, the export of adapter is just to the import of storing the bucket, it is provided with the filter screen that is used for making the rainwater to pass through to store barrel head portion, the delivery port department of filter screen is provided with the tipping bucket, be provided with the magnet steel on the tipping bucket, be close to be provided with the tongue tube on the support of magnet steel, the delivery port of tipping bucket is just to the water inlet of water storage bucket, store bucket and water storage bucket body coupling and be located on the weighing sensor, weighing sensor and tongue tube all link to each other.
The bottom of storing the bucket is for leaking hopper-shaped, the minimum that leaks hopper-shaped is the delivery port, delivery port department is provided with the perpendicular bucket type that upwards extends the filter screen.
The bottom of the water storage barrel is connected with an inlet of a drainage component, an outlet of the drainage component penetrates out of the protective shell, and the drainage component is connected with the controller.
The capacity of the skip is 3.14 grams.
The protective shell and the adaptor are connected integrally and fixed on the chassis.
The rain and snow sensor is connected with the heating and drying device.
The drainage assembly is provided with a drainage valve which is powered by a battery.
Temperature and humidity sensor sets up inside protective housing.
The rain and snow sensor is arranged on the outer wall of the protective shell.
Temperature and humidity change during precipitation: the precipitation comprises rain, snow, hail and the like, and the precipitation mode is related to the temperature of the near-ground and the rising movement intensity of the air. The temperature near the ground is high, the cloud drops are liquid, namely rain, and the temperature is low by nearly 0 ℃ and the cloud drops are solid, namely snow. In the strong convection weather, air rises quickly, grows into large ice crystals and falls quickly, and the hail is formed when the air falls on the ground and is not melted. When precipitation occurs, the air humidity can be obviously increased; the snowfall is generally generated below zero, and hail is possible at high temperature, but the hail can be melted quickly.
Temperature and humidity changes when a sand storm occurs: the sand storm occurs in spring of drought, the temperature generally rises first before coming, and the temperature rapidly falls after the sand storm arrives, and the change of the temperature is just opposite to the change of the air pressure. The cold air flowing in advection is dry originally, and the air is dry due to the sinking heat insulation and temperature rise of the cold air flowing to the ground, so that the air humidity is reduced sharply when the sand storm passes.
A measuring method of a rain, snow and sand storm measuring device comprises the following steps:
if the weight of the weighing sensor is increased and a tipping bucket action is carried out, the current time period is indicated as rainfall, and the type of the rainfall is recorded as rainfall;
if the weight of the weighing sensor is increased and the tipping bucket acts, the temperature and humidity sensor displays that the air temperature is lower than 5 ℃, the tipping bucket metered rainfall is only 50% of the metered rainfall of the weighing sensor, the current time interval is indicated as rain and snow, and the type of precipitation is indicated as rain and snow;
if the weight of the weighing sensor is increased, no tipping bucket acts, the temperature and humidity sensor displays that the air temperature is lower than 0 ℃, the humidity is increased in 24 hours and is greater than 80%, the current time period is snowfall, and the type of the snowfall is recorded as snowfall;
if the weight of the weighing sensor is increased, no tipping bucket acts, the temperature and humidity sensor displays that the air temperature is lower than 0 ℃, the humidity does not increase obviously in 24 hours, signals of the rain and snow sensor are collected for further confirmation, if the rain and snow sensor is open-circuit, the current time period is indicated as sand storm, and the precipitation type is recorded as sand storm; if the rain and snow sensor is in a closed circuit, the current time period is snowfall, the type of the snowfall is recorded as snowfall, and the rain and snow sensor is heated and dried to be in an open circuit;
if the weight of the weighing sensor is increased, no tipping bucket acts, the temperature and humidity sensor displays that the air temperature is higher than 0 ℃, the temperature is in a decreasing trend within 24 hours, the humidity is in an increasing trend within 24 hours and is more than 50 percent, the precipitation type is unknown in the current time period, and the precipitation type is tentatively recorded as unknown; if the weight of the weighing sensor is not increased within 12 hours and the tipping bucket acts, the snowfall can be confirmed, and the type which is just unknown is changed into snowfall; if the weight of the weighing sensor is not increased or the tipping bucket does not act within 12 hours, the sensor can be determined as a sand storm, and the type which is just unknown is changed into the sand storm;
and sixthly, if the weight of the weighing sensor is increased and no tipping bucket acts, the temperature and humidity sensor displays that the air temperature is higher than 0 ℃, the humidity has no obvious change trend within 24 hours and is less than 50%, the weight gain in the current time period is determined as the sand storm, and the type is recorded as the sand storm.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) a weighing type: the device is stable, reliable, durable, lightning-proof and anti-interference;
(2) intelligentization: can distinguish rainfall, rain and snow, snowfall or sand storm;
(3) self-powered: the design of low power consumption, the drainage can be used for more than 10 years from the battery;
(4) self-draining: when the water storage barrel reaches 60% of the full scale, the drainage valve is opened;
(5) universality: the rainfall intensity measuring device is suitable for measuring various rainfall intensities from light rain to rainstorm, and the rainfall intensity measuring range is as follows: 0.01-8 mm/min; the rainfall, the rain and the snow can be measured, and the type of the rainfall can be effectively distinguished;
(6) no evaporation: the water level is not exposed, no evaporation error exists, namely the storage barrel is arranged above the water storage barrel, liquid precipitation in the water storage barrel is not influenced by evaporation, and the precipitation measurement precision is improved;
(7) high precision: the precipitation measurement has the comprehensive precision of 1 percent, high resolution and high precision.
(8) The measuring method is simple and accurate:
when the tipping bucket is turned over and the weight of the weighing sensor is increased, the precipitation can be judged to be liquid precipitation;
when the tipping bucket does not turn over and the weight of the weighing sensor is increased, the precipitation can be judged to be solid precipitation;
when the tipping bucket does not turn over, the weight of the weighing sensor is increased, the humidity is small and has no obvious change, the weather type can be judged to be a sand storm, and the sand storm is not counted in precipitation data;
when the tipping bucket does not turn over, the weight of the weighing sensor is increased, and the temperature and the humidity are obviously reduced and increased, the precipitation can be judged to be solid precipitation and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, the present embodiment provides a weighing type rain gauge for collecting natural rainfall in production and scientific experiments in the fields of hydrology and meteorology. The embodiment is designed according to the requirements of GB11831-2002 telemetering rain gauges of hydrological measuring and reporting devices and GB/T11832 auxiliary 2002 tipping bucket rain gauges, and comprises a receiver 1, a protective shell 2, a storage bucket 3, a filter screen 4, a tipping bucket 5, a reed pipe 6, magnetic steel 7, a water storage bucket 8, a drainage component 9, a weighing sensor 10, a controller 11, a temperature and humidity sensor 12, a rain and snow sensor 13 and a chassis 14. The protective shell 2 is used for covering the chassis 14; the top end of the protective shell 2 is provided with a receiver 1 for receiving rain, snow, rain, snow or sand storm, the rain, snow, rain, snow or sand storm enters a storage barrel 3 from the receiver 1, the bottom of the storage barrel 3 is provided with a filter screen 4 for only allowing rainwater to pass through, if liquid rainfall is present, the liquid rainfall flows into a tipping bucket 5 after being filtered by the filter screen 4 to remove leaves, the tipping bucket 5 is provided with a magnetic steel 7, a bracket close to the magnetic steel 7 is provided with a reed pipe 6, the tipping bucket 5 turns after being filled with water, the magnetic steel 7 sweeps the reed pipe 6 to generate a suction disconnection pulse signal, the controller 11 receives the pulse signal, measures a signal of the weighing sensor 10 and outputs a rainfall pulse signal; if solid precipitation exists, the tipping bucket 5 does not act, the controller 11 collects signals of the weighing sensor 10 for 1 time every 5 minutes, and if the added weight exceeds 3.14g (0.1 mm precipitation), the precipitation process is stored and precipitation pulse signals are output; if the sand storm can cause a phenomenon similar to solid precipitation, the controller 11 needs to collect information of the temperature and humidity sensor 12 to analyze a meteorological factor change process, and collect information of the rain and snow sensor 13 for further confirmation under the condition that the diagnosis cannot be confirmed only by the meteorological factor change process. The controller 11 collects the signal of the weighing sensor 10 every time, and if the weight exceeds the maximum set value, the controller 11 controls the drainage component 9 to open a valve to drain rainwater in the water storage barrel 8, so that the device is ensured to continuously monitor the precipitation.
The bottom of storage bucket 3 is for leaking hopper-shaped, the minimum that leaks hopper-shaped is the delivery port, delivery port department is provided with the perpendicular bucket type that upwards extends filter screen 4.
The bottom of the water storage barrel 8 is connected with an inlet of a drainage component 9, an outlet of the drainage component 9 penetrates through the protective shell 2, and the drainage component 9 is connected with the controller 11.
The capacity of the skip 5 is 3.14g, which is equivalent to 0.1mm precipitation. The tipping bucket 5 is used as a switch, and the controller 11 immediately collects the numerical value of the weighing sensor 10 every time the tipping bucket is turned over for 1 time, so that the real-time property of precipitation measurement is ensured.
The protective shell 2 and the adaptor 1 are connected integrally and fixed on the chassis 14.
The rain and snow sensor 13 is connected with the heating and drying device.
The controller 11 collects the signals of the weighing sensors 10 according to a set time interval, measures and records the precipitation process, and the method for distinguishing the rainfall, the snowfall and the sand storm is as follows:
a measuring method of a rain, snow and sand storm measuring device comprises the following steps:
if the weight of the weighing sensor 10 is increased and the tipping bucket 5 acts, the current time period is rainfall, and the type of the rainfall is recorded as rainfall;
if the weight of the weighing sensor 10 is increased and the tipping bucket 5 acts, the temperature and humidity sensor 12 displays that the air temperature is lower than 5 ℃, the rainfall measured by the tipping bucket 5 is only 50% of the rainfall measured by the weighing sensor 10, the current time interval is rain and snow, and the type of precipitation is recorded as rain and snow;
if the weight of the weighing sensor 10 is increased, the tipping bucket 5 does not act, the temperature and humidity sensor 12 displays that the temperature is lower than 0 ℃, the humidity is increased in 24 hours and is more than 80 percent, the current time period is snowfall, and the type of the rainfall is recorded as snowfall;
if the weight of the weighing sensor 10 is increased, the tipping bucket 5 does not act, the temperature and humidity sensor 12 displays that the temperature is lower than 0 ℃, the humidity does not increase obviously in 24 hours, and the signals of the rain and snow sensor 13 are collected for further confirmation, if the rain and snow sensor 13 is open, the current time period is a sand storm, and the precipitation type is marked as the sand storm; if the rain and snow sensor 13 is in a closed circuit, the current time period is snowfall, the type of the snowfall is recorded as snowfall, and the rain and snow sensor 13 is heated and dried to be in an open circuit;
if the weight of the weighing sensor 10 is increased, the tipping bucket 5 does not act, the temperature and humidity sensor 12 displays that the air temperature is higher than 0 ℃, the temperature is in a decreasing trend in 24 hours, the humidity is in an increasing trend in 24 hours and is more than 50 percent, the precipitation type is unknown in the current time period, and the precipitation type is tentatively marked as unknown; if the weight of the weighing sensor 10 is not increased within 12 hours and the tipping bucket 5 acts, snowfall can be confirmed, and the type which is not known is changed into snowfall; if the weight of the weighing sensor 10 is not increased or the tipping bucket 5 does not act within 12 hours, the sand storm can be confirmed, and the type which is just unknown is changed into the sand storm;
and sixthly, if the weight of the weighing sensor 10 is increased and the tipping bucket 5 does not act, the temperature and humidity sensor 12 displays that the temperature is higher than 0 ℃, the humidity has no obvious change trend within 24 hours and is less than 50 percent, the weight gain in the current time period is determined as the sand storm, and the type is recorded as the sand storm.
The measuring method outputs high-precision rainfall after data processing of the controller 11, can distinguish rainfall, rain and snow, snowfall or sand storm, and has measuring precision not influenced by the strength of the rainfall.
The above description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and it should be noted that: it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and adaptations can be made without departing from the principles of the invention and these are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Claims (6)
1. A rain, snow and sand storm measuring device, its characterized in that: comprises a chassis (14) and a protective shell (2) used for covering the chassis (14); the rainwater storage device is characterized in that a connector (1) is arranged at the top end of the protective shell (2), an outlet of the connector (1) is opposite to an inlet of the storage barrel (3), a filter screen (4) for rainwater to pass through is arranged at the bottom of the storage barrel (3), a tipping bucket (5) is arranged at a water outlet of the filter screen (4), magnetic steel (7) is arranged on the tipping bucket (5), a reed pipe (6) is arranged on a support close to the magnetic steel (7), a water outlet of the tipping bucket (5) is opposite to a water inlet of the water storage barrel (8), the storage barrel (3) and the water storage barrel (8) are integrally connected and positioned on a weighing sensor (10), the weighing sensor (10) and the reed pipe (6) are both connected with a controller (11), and the controller (11) is also connected with a temperature and humidity sensor (12) and a rain and snow sensor (13); the measuring method of the rain, snow and sand storm measuring device comprises the following steps:
if the weight of the weighing sensor (10) is increased and a tipping bucket (5) acts, the current time period is rainfall, and the type of the rainfall is recorded as rainfall;
if the weight of the weighing sensor (10) is increased and the tipping bucket (5) acts, the temperature and humidity sensor (12) displays that the air temperature is lower than 5 ℃, the rainfall measured by the tipping bucket (5) is only 50% of the rainfall measured by the weighing sensor (10), the current time interval is indicated as rain and snow, and the type of precipitation is recorded as rain and snow;
if the weight of the weighing sensor (10) is increased, no tipping bucket (5) acts, the temperature and humidity sensor (12) displays that the temperature is lower than 0 ℃, the humidity is increased trend within 24 hours and is higher than 80%, the current time period is snowfall, and the type of the snowfall is recorded as snowfall;
if the weight of the weighing sensor (10) is increased, no tipping bucket (5) acts, the temperature and humidity sensor (12) displays that the temperature is lower than 0 ℃, the humidity does not increase obviously in 24 hours, and a rain and snow sensor (13) signal is collected for further confirmation, if the rain and snow sensor (13) is open-circuit, the current time period is indicated as sand storm, and the precipitation type is recorded as sand storm; if the rain and snow sensor (13) is in a closed circuit, the current time period is snowfall, the type of the snowfall is recorded as snowfall, and the rain and snow sensor (13) is heated and dried to be in an open circuit;
if the weight of the weighing sensor (10) is increased, no tipping bucket (5) acts, the temperature and humidity sensor (12) displays that the air temperature is higher than 0 ℃, the temperature is in a decreasing trend in 24 hours, the humidity is in an increasing trend in 24 hours and is more than 50 percent, the precipitation type is unknown in the current time period, and the precipitation type is tentatively recorded as unknown; if the weight of the weighing sensor (10) is not increased within 12 hours and the tipping bucket (5) acts, the snowfall can be confirmed, and the type which is not known is changed into the snowfall; if the weight of the weighing sensor (10) is not increased and the tipping bucket (5) does not act within 12 hours, the sand storm can be confirmed, and the just unknown type is changed into the sand storm;
and sixthly, if the weight of the weighing sensor (10) is increased and the tipping bucket (5) does not act, the temperature and humidity sensor (12) displays that the temperature is higher than 0 ℃, the humidity does not have an obvious change trend within 24 hours and is less than 50 percent, the weight gain in the current time period is determined as the sand storm, and the type is recorded as the sand storm.
2. A rain, snow and sand storm measuring device according to claim 1, wherein: the bottom of storage bucket (3) is for leaking hopper-shaped, the minimum that leaks hopper-shaped is the delivery port, delivery port department is provided with the perpendicular bucket type that upwards extends filter screen (4).
3. A rain, snow and sand storm measuring device according to claim 1, wherein: the bottom of the water storage barrel (8) is connected with an inlet of a drainage component (9), an outlet of the drainage component (9) penetrates out of the protective shell (2), and the drainage component (9) is connected with the controller (11).
4. A rain, snow and sand storm measuring device according to claim 1, wherein: the capacity of the tipping bucket (5) is 3.14 g.
5. A rain, snow and sand storm measuring device according to claim 1, wherein: the protective shell (2) and the adaptor (1) are connected into a whole and fixed on the chassis (14).
6. A rain, snow and sand storm measuring device according to claim 1, wherein: and the rain and snow sensor (13) is connected with the heating and drying device.
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| CN201811597062.XA CN109375288B (en) | 2018-12-26 | 2018-12-26 | Rain, snow and sand storm measuring device and measuring method |
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| CN201811597062.XA CN109375288B (en) | 2018-12-26 | 2018-12-26 | Rain, snow and sand storm measuring device and measuring method |
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| CN114813490A (en) * | 2022-03-24 | 2022-07-29 | 青海省气象台 | Atmosphere detection device for preventing sand storm and haze |
| CN115857063A (en) * | 2022-11-24 | 2023-03-28 | 北京精诚恒创科技有限公司 | Rain and snow quantity sensor based on fiber bragg grating and rain and snow quantity measuring method |
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| KR20030057841A (en) * | 2001-12-29 | 2003-07-07 | 신영철 | An automatic remote measuring rain-gauge |
| CN102073071A (en) * | 2010-02-09 | 2011-05-25 | 中国气象局乌鲁木齐沙漠气象研究所 | Fully automatic and high-precision dust and sand collector |
| CN104237976A (en) * | 2014-09-11 | 2014-12-24 | 河海大学 | Triggering ultrasonic tipping bucket rain gauge |
| CN108562954A (en) * | 2018-03-26 | 2018-09-21 | 付金乐 | Novel tipping bucket Weighing type sleet measuring method and device |
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2018
- 2018-12-26 CN CN201811597062.XA patent/CN109375288B/en active Active
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR20030057841A (en) * | 2001-12-29 | 2003-07-07 | 신영철 | An automatic remote measuring rain-gauge |
| CN102073071A (en) * | 2010-02-09 | 2011-05-25 | 中国气象局乌鲁木齐沙漠气象研究所 | Fully automatic and high-precision dust and sand collector |
| CN104237976A (en) * | 2014-09-11 | 2014-12-24 | 河海大学 | Triggering ultrasonic tipping bucket rain gauge |
| CN108562954A (en) * | 2018-03-26 | 2018-09-21 | 付金乐 | Novel tipping bucket Weighing type sleet measuring method and device |
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