CN109374462B - Multifunctional reciprocating material frictional wear and piston ring tightness testing machine - Google Patents
Multifunctional reciprocating material frictional wear and piston ring tightness testing machine Download PDFInfo
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- CN109374462B CN109374462B CN201811431336.8A CN201811431336A CN109374462B CN 109374462 B CN109374462 B CN 109374462B CN 201811431336 A CN201811431336 A CN 201811431336A CN 109374462 B CN109374462 B CN 109374462B
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- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 169
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 103
- 239000010687 lubricating oil Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000006837 decompression Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 21
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 3
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 2
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000013016 damping Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001882 dioxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010705 motor oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/56—Investigating resistance to wear or abrasion
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L5/00—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M3/00—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures
- G01M3/02—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M3/00—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures
- G01M3/02—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum
- G01M3/04—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by detecting the presence of fluid at the leakage point
- G01M3/20—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by detecting the presence of fluid at the leakage point using special tracer materials, e.g. dye, fluorescent material, radioactive material
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0001—Type of application of the stress
- G01N2203/0005—Repeated or cyclic
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/003—Generation of the force
- G01N2203/0032—Generation of the force using mechanical means
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Testing Of Devices, Machine Parts, Or Other Structures Thereof (AREA)
- Testing Of Engines (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a multifunctional reciprocating material frictional wear and piston ring tightness tester, and belongs to the technical field of reciprocating frictional wear testers. When the reciprocating friction and wear test is carried out, the multifunctional reciprocating material friction and wear and piston ring tightness tester mainly comprises a bottom plate, a supporting plate a, a crank connecting rod sliding block mechanism, a supporting plate b, a friction pair mechanism, a supporting plate c, a tachometer and a driving motor; when the tightness test of the piston ring is carried out, the friction pair mechanism is replaced by the tightness test mechanism of the piston ring. The invention solves the problems of uneven stress distribution of the reciprocating relative motion friction pair, large vibration of the testing mechanism and the like when the reciprocating friction and wear test is carried out, thereby obtaining stable friction pair motion and more accurate test; when the invention is used for testing the tightness of the piston ring, the tightness of the piston ring and the circumferential distribution position of the leakage position can be accurately and real-timely measured.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a multifunctional reciprocating material frictional wear and piston ring tightness tester, and belongs to the technical field of reciprocating frictional wear testers.
Background
The conventional reciprocating friction and wear testing machine in China generally adopts a single crank connecting rod sliding block mechanism, and converts rotary motion into reciprocating linear motion of a friction pair, namely a test piece is arranged on a sliding block and driven by a connecting rod to do reciprocating motion, and the vibration of the testing mechanism is larger, the running is unstable and uneven, and meanwhile, the radial force distribution of a piston is uneven due to the fact that constant-speed change conditions such as sudden stop and high-speed start exist in the motion process; in addition, for the devices such as an internal combustion engine, an air compressor, a plunger pump and the like, no effective method for measuring the tightness of the piston ring exists at home, namely, the real-time measurement of the starting time, the position and the air leakage of air leakage is performed, and the reliability and the air tightness of the piston ring have great influence on the dynamic property, the economical property and the environment of the piston type device. Based on the above, the patent is to invent a novel tester which can accurately test friction and abrasion of reciprocating materials and can test the tightness of the piston ring in the high-pressure cavity in real time.
The existing reciprocating friction and wear testing machine adopts a single crank connecting rod sliding block mechanism, and has the defects of uneven stress distribution of friction pairs, large vibration of a testing mechanism and the like, so that the stability, the measurement accuracy and the precision of the measurement process are difficult to control; in addition, in terms of the tightness test of the piston ring in the high-pressure cavity, the currently mainly adopted crankcase ventilation measuring method shows the measurement of the air leakage in a certain time, namely the measurement is just the average value of the air leakage, and the leakage starting time and the leakage position cannot be reflected. Therefore, it is necessary to invent a novel tester with two functions of reciprocating material friction and wear test and high-pressure cavity piston ring tightness real-time test.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention solves the technical problems of two friction and abrasion aspects; 1. the problems of uneven stress distribution of the reciprocating relative motion friction pair, large vibration of a testing mechanism and the like during the reciprocating friction and wear test are solved, so that stable friction pair motion and more accurate test can be obtained; 2. when the invention is used for testing the tightness of the piston ring, the tightness of the piston ring and the circumferential distribution position of the leakage position can be accurately and real-timely measured.
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a novel multifunctional reciprocating material friction and wear and piston ring tightness testing machine, which has the following functions: the method comprises the steps of (1) conventional piston ring friction and wear test, (2) conventional piston skirt friction and wear test, (3) friction and wear test of test materials, and (4) piston ring tightness test, and can obtain leakage moment, leakage position and leakage quantity at the same time.
The invention adopts the technical scheme that:
the multifunctional reciprocating material friction and wear and piston ring tightness testing machine is used for reciprocating friction and wear testing and piston ring tightness testing;
when the reciprocating friction and wear test is carried out, the multifunctional reciprocating material friction and wear and piston ring tightness tester mainly comprises a bottom plate 1, a supporting plate a2, a crank connecting rod sliding block mechanism 3, a supporting plate b4, a friction pair mechanism 5, a supporting plate c6, a tachometer 7 and a driving motor 8; the support plate a2, the support plate b4 and the support plate c6 are sequentially fixed on the bottom plate 1 and are positioned on the same straight line; the crank connecting rod sliding block mechanism 3 is fixedly arranged between the supporting plate a2 and the supporting plate b4, and the friction pair mechanism 5 is fixedly arranged between the supporting plate b4 and the supporting plate c 6; the piston in the crank connecting rod sliding block mechanism 3 is connected with the friction pair mechanism 5 in an axial vibration damping way and is used for testing the friction force of the reciprocating friction pair; the rotating speed meter 7 and the driving motor 8 are positioned on the side surface of the crank-link slider mechanism 3 and fixedly arranged on the bottom plate 1, one end of the rotating speed meter 7 is connected with the crank-link slider mechanism 3, and the other end is connected with the driving motor 8 through a coupler; the driving motor 8 drives the tachometer 7 to rotate, so that the crank-link slider mechanism 3 is driven to do linear reciprocating motion, and then the piston mechanism 15 in the friction pair mechanism 5 is driven to do reciprocating linear motion.
The friction pair mechanism 5 mainly comprises a lubricating oil pipe joint 9, a piston connecting shaft 10, an axial test sensor device 11, a dynamic cylinder sleeve radial test sensor device 12, a fixed sleeve 13, a movable cylinder sleeve 14, a piston mechanism 15, a sensor wire harness joint 16 and a piston locking mechanism 17; the piston mechanism 15 is fixed on the piston connecting shaft 10 through the piston locking mechanism 17, the piston connecting shaft 10 penetrates through the movable cylinder sleeve 14, one end of the piston connecting shaft 10 is connected with a piston of the crank connecting rod sliding block mechanism 3, and the piston mechanism 15 is contacted with the inner wall of the movable cylinder sleeve 14 to form a reciprocating friction pair; the movable cylinder sleeve 14 is arranged in the fixed sleeve 13, and two ends of the fixed sleeve 13 are respectively fixed on the support plate b4 and the support plate c 6; the number of the axial test sensor devices 11 is 8, the axial test sensor devices 11 are symmetrically arranged at the contact positions of the movable cylinder sleeve 14, the support plate b4 and the support plate c6, and the axial test sensor devices 11 are positioned at two sides of the piston connecting shaft 10; the number of the dynamic cylinder sleeve radial test sensor devices 12 is 2, the dynamic cylinder sleeve radial test sensor devices 12 are respectively arranged on opposite side surfaces of the supporting plate b4 and the supporting plate c6 and are contacted with the fixed sleeve 13, the 2 dynamic cylinder sleeve radial test sensor devices 12 are positioned on the same side of the fixed sleeve 13, and the axial test sensor devices 11 and the dynamic cylinder sleeve radial test sensor devices 12 are used for controlling the axial and radial stress conditions of the dynamic cylinder sleeve 14; the lubricating oil pipe joint 9 and the sensor wire harness joint 16 are positioned in the movable cylinder sleeve 14, one end of the lubricating oil pipe joint 9 is connected with the piston mechanism 15, the other end of the lubricating oil pipe joint extends to the outside of the movable cylinder sleeve 14, the lubricating oil pipe joint 9 is used for providing lubricating oil, and the sensor wire harness joint 16 is used for connecting a sensor device;
the piston mechanism 15 has three forms, the first is a piston and piston ring assembly, and is used for measuring the friction and abrasion of the integral piston ring; the second is a piston for measuring the frictional wear of the piston skirt; the third type is mainly composed of a front piston block 18, a friction block 19, a rear piston block 20, a test sensor fixing device 21, a friction block circumference fixing block 22, a friction block radial fixing block 23 and a friction block radial test sensor device 24, and is used for measuring friction abrasion of the friction block in a blocking manner; the front piston block 18 and the rear piston block 20 are fixedly connected through bolts, 4 friction blocks 19 are symmetrically arranged between the front piston block 18 and the rear piston block 20, the outer sides of the friction blocks 19 are in contact with the inner wall of the movable cylinder sleeve 14, the inner sides of the friction blocks 19 are circumferentially positioned through 4 friction block circumferential fixing blocks 22, and a test sensor fixing device 21 is arranged between the adjacent friction block circumferential fixing blocks 22; the friction block radial fixing block 23 and the friction block radial test sensor device 24 are arranged on an installation groove on the inner side surface of the rear piston block 20, the front piston block 18 and the rear piston block 20 clamp the friction block radial fixing block 23 together, the outer surface of the friction block radial fixing block 23 is arc-shaped and is contacted with the inner arc of the friction block 19, and the friction block radial test sensor device 24 is clamped on the test sensor fixing device 21; the pressure of the friction block 19 is obtained through the friction block radial test sensor device 24 so as to finish the friction test between the friction block 19 and the movable cylinder sleeve 14, namely, the reciprocating friction and wear test;
when the piston ring tightness test is carried out, the friction pair mechanism 5 is replaced by a piston ring tightness test mechanism, and the piston ring tightness test mechanism mainly comprises a lubricating oil pipe 25, a pressurizing protection device 26, a high-pressure cylinder sleeve 27, a piston ring test device 28, a transparent cylinder sleeve 29, a pressure reducing protection device 30 and a flow tester 31; the high-pressure cylinder sleeve 27 and the transparent cylinder sleeve 29 are arranged in parallel and connected into a whole to form a cavity, and the piston ring testing device 28 is positioned in the cavity; the ends of the high-pressure cylinder sleeve 27 and the transparent cylinder sleeve 29 are respectively fixed on the support plate b4 and the support plate c6 through bolts, a connecting rod shaft is arranged at one end of the piston ring testing device 28, and is positioned in the transparent cylinder sleeve 29 and connected with a piston of the crank-connecting rod sliding block mechanism 3 through the connecting rod shaft so as to synchronously move with the crank-connecting rod sliding block mechanism 3; the end part of the high-pressure cylinder sleeve 27 is provided with a pressurizing protection device 26, one end of the lubricating oil pipe 25 is connected with a piston ring testing device 28, and the other end extends out of the high-pressure cylinder sleeve 27; the end part of the transparent cylinder sleeve 29 is provided with a decompression protection device 30, and a flow tester 31 is arranged on the side surface of the transparent cylinder sleeve 29;
the piston ring testing device 28 mainly comprises a piston top 32, a sealing ring 33, a gas ring 34, an oil ring 35, a gas leakage testing ring 36 and a piston main body 37; the piston top 32 is connected with the end part of the piston main body 37 through a bolt, and a sealing ring 33 is arranged between the piston top 32 and the piston main body 37; the two gas rings 34, the two oil rings 35 and the one air leakage testing ring 36 are sequentially arranged at the end part of the piston main body 37;
the piston ring testing device 28 and the high-pressure cylinder sleeve 27 form a piston ring cylinder sleeve friction sealing pair, and the lubricating oil pipe 25 provides lubrication for the piston ring cylinder sleeve friction sealing pair; the piston ring testing device 28 and the crank connecting rod sliding block mechanism 3 synchronously move, so that the tightness test of the piston ring is realized;
the gas leakage test ring 36 is coated with metal which generates chemical reaction with gas in the cavity, or is provided with gas test paper, when the piston ring test device 28 runs to generate leakage, the gas leakage test ring 36 generates chemical reaction color change, and the color change is observed through the transparent cylinder sleeve 29, so that the sealing performance of the piston ring is judged; the leakage testing ring 36 is provided with a plurality of temperature testing sensors for detecting the temperature of the gas in the high-pressure cylinder sleeve 27 and judging the sealing performance of the piston ring by a temperature leakage detection method.
The metal is sodium or potassium; the temperature test sensor is a thermocouple resistance wire.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. in order to obtain stable friction pair movement and accurate test, the invention connects the friction pair testing mechanism 5 in series at the position of the crank connecting rod sliding block mechanism 3, the crank connecting rod sliding block mechanism 3 is a driving mechanism, the friction pair testing mechanism 5 comprises three sets of piston mechanisms, and the defects of uneven radial force distribution of the piston, large vibration of the testing mechanism and the like when the friction pair is tested to reciprocate can be overcome by adopting the structure, so that stable friction pair movement and accurate test can be obtained in the friction pair mechanism 5, and the friction force born by a piston ring and a piston skirt can be accurately measured when the mechanism shown in figure 2 is adopted;
2. when the piston mechanism adopted by the invention is shown in fig. 3 (a) and 3 (b), the positive pressure value of the friction block can be accurately regulated and determined, and the friction force of the friction pair can be measured.
3. The invention can be used for friction and wear test of friction pair materials at different engine oil temperatures, and also can be used for heating friction pairs.
4. The invention can obtain the evaluation of the tightness of the test piston ring through a piston ring tightness test mechanism as shown in figure 4, namely the leakage circumferential distribution position of the piston ring can be obtained, the leakage quantity can be obtained, and the invention has the advantages of timeliness and real-time performance.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of the apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the friction pair mechanism;
FIG. 3 (a) is a schematic diagram of a piston mechanism; fig. 3 (b) is a schematic diagram b of a piston mechanism;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a piston ring tightness test mechanism;
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural view of a piston ring testing apparatus;
fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of an arrangement of a temperature test sensor.
In the figure: 1, a bottom plate; 2 supporting plate a;3 crank connecting rod slide block mechanism; 4 a support plate b;5 friction pair mechanism; 6 a support plate c;7, a rotating speed meter; 8, driving a motor; 9, a lubricating oil pipe joint; 10 a piston connecting shaft; 11 axially testing the sensor device; 12 radial test sensor device of the movable cylinder sleeve; 13, fixing the sleeve; 14, a movable cylinder sleeve; 15 a piston mechanism; 16 sensor harness connector; 17 a piston locking mechanism; 18 front piston block; 19 friction blocks; 20, a piston block; 21 testing the sensor fixture; 22 friction block circumference fixed blocks; 23 friction block radial fixed blocks; 24 friction block radial test sensor device; 25 lubrication pipes; 26 a pressurized protection device; 27 high-pressure cylinder sleeves; 28 piston ring testing device; 29 transparent cylinder sleeve; 30 a decompression protection device; 31 flow tester; 32 piston crowns; 33 sealing rings; a 34 gas ring; 35 oil rings; 36 a leak test ring; 37 piston body.
Detailed Description
The following is combined with the accompanying drawings and the technical proposal; further description of embodiments of the present invention.
1. Reciprocating frictional wear test operation principle
In fig. 1, the crank-link slider mechanism 3 is a conventional compound frictional wear tester structure, which can test the frictional condition of the reciprocating motion of the friction pair, and the measurement can be used in a general case. However, due to the stop and start in high-speed movement, the inertial force generates great vibration, and meanwhile, the stress of the friction pair changes along with the crank angle change in the movement process, so that the measurement process is quite unstable, and the measurement precision is reduced and inaccurate.
According to the device, the friction pair testing mechanism 5 is connected in series at the crank connecting rod sliding block mechanism 3, and after the friction pair testing mechanism is connected in series, the friction force of the reciprocating friction pair can be truly and accurately tested. The specific working sequence is as follows: the driving motor 8 is connected with the tachometer 7 through a coupler, drives the crank-link slider mechanism 3 to do linear reciprocating motion, and the piston in the crank-link slider mechanism 3 is axially connected with the friction pair mechanism 5 in a vibration damping way, so as to drive the piston mechanism 15 in the friction pair 5 to do reciprocating linear motion. The piston mechanism 15 makes reciprocating rectilinear motion in the movable cylinder sleeve 14, the fixed sleeve 13 is fixed between the support plate b4 and the support plate c6 through bolts, the axial test sensor device 11 and the radial test sensor device 12 obtain the axial and radial stress condition of the movable cylinder sleeve 14, the lubricating oil pipe joint 9 plays a role in providing lubricating oil for the lubrication in the piston cylinder, and the sensor wire harness joint 16 is a sensor device connecting structure.
In fig. 2, the piston mechanism 15 in the friction pair mechanism 5 has three kinds of test mechanisms, and the functions are as follows: a. measuring friction and abrasion of the integral piston ring; b. measuring piston skirt friction wear; c. the friction pair can be measured in blocks, namely, the positive pressure of the friction pair is regulated, and the friction force of the friction block is measured; the operation principle of the three test functions is as follows:
a. in fig. 2, the piston mechanism 15 is in the form of a common piston and piston ring assembly, and is fixed on the piston connecting shaft 10 through the piston locking mechanism 17, and is used for testing the friction force between a conventional piston ring and the movable cylinder sleeve 14, and the movable cylinder sleeve 14 is arranged in the fixed sleeve 13;
b. the piston without the piston ring is arranged to replace the piston mechanism 15, the fixed sleeve 13 and the dynamic cylinder sleeve radial test sensor device 12 are finely adjusted, so that the piston skirt is subjected to lateral force, the lateral force position stress condition of the piston during normal operation is simulated, and the friction force test during deformation of the piston skirt is completed;
c. in fig. 3 (a) and 3 (b), the piston mechanism 15 is composed of a combined piston and friction block, the front piston block 18 and the rear piston block 20 are fixed through bolt connection, the 4 friction blocks 19 are embedded between the two, and the circumferential direction 22 of the 4 friction blocks is positioned. The pressure of the friction block 19 against the movable cylinder liner 14 is obtained by adjusting the friction block radial test sensor device 24. The piston mechanism moves, so that the friction test of the friction pair between the friction block 19 and the movable cylinder sleeve 14 is completed. The friction block radial fixing block 23 and the friction block radial test sensor device 24 are embedded in the mounting groove on the rear piston block 20, and are clamped and fixed through the front friction block 18 and the rear friction block 20.
2. Piston ring tightness test principle
The friction pair mechanism 5 in fig. 1 is replaced by the piston ring tightness test mechanism in fig. 4, and the tightness test of the piston ring in the high-pressure cavity is mainly completed. The high-pressure cylinder sleeve 27 and the transparent cylinder sleeve 29 are fixed on the support plate b4 and the support plate c6 through bolts, and are connected with the piston of the crank link slider mechanism 3 through a connecting shaft at the right end of the piston ring testing device 28, so as to synchronously move with the crank link slider mechanism 3, the structure of the piston ring testing device 28 is as shown in fig. 5, and main components of the piston ring testing device 28 include: the piston top 32, the sealing ring 33 and the piston main body 37 are connected into a whole through bolts, two gas rings 34, two oil rings 35 and a gas leakage testing ring 36 are arranged on the piston main body 37, the piston ring testing device 28 and the high-pressure cylinder sleeve 27 form a friction sealing pair, and the lubricating oil pipe 25 is arranged on the high-pressure cylinder sleeve 27 to provide lubrication for the friction pair of the piston ring and the cylinder sleeve.
Working principle: the front end cavity of the high-pressure cylinder sleeve 27 (i.e. the front of the piston ring testing device 28) is filled with high-pressure gas, such as 3Mpa pure oxygen gas, through the pressurization protection device 26, and the one-way air suction is performed through the depressurization protection device 30, so that the high vacuum degree (or a certain amount of pure nitrogen gas is filled into the transparent cylinder sleeve 29 (the rear of the piston ring testing device 28) to ensure the non-leakage amount of the sealed cavity after compression) is ensured. The above inflation work can be accomplished by adjusting the position of the crank link slider mechanism 3. The two sets of gas rings 34 of the piston ring testing device 28 mainly play a role of sealing, the two sets of oil rings 35 mainly adhere lubricating oil on cylinder walls uniformly to promote lubrication and scrape excessive lubricating oil to prevent the lubricating oil from splashing and polluting the air leakage testing ring 36, and the air leakage testing ring 36 is coated with metal which can generate sharp chemical reaction with oxygen or other gases (gas in a high-pressure cavity), such as pure sodium and pure potassium metal, or special gas testing test paper and the like. When the gas ring 34 on the piston ring testing device 28 is in poor tightness and leaks during operation, the gas at the leaking position and the testing ring 36 react chemically to change color, and the color change can be directly observed through the transparent cylinder sleeve 29, so that the sealing performance of the piston ring is judged, namely, the circumferential distribution condition and the leakage moment of leakage can be found, and the leakage quantity can be obtained through the flow tester 31.
In addition, a temperature test method scheme can be adopted: since the temperature is relatively high after the compression of the gas in the high pressure cylinder liner 27, a temperature leak detection method may be employed. For accurate testing, a thermal insulation treatment, such as thermal insulation of the rear piston block 20 on the piston, and thermal insulation of the front and rear cylinder sleeves, should be performed. The leakage test ring 36 needs to be provided with a plurality of temperature test sensors, as shown in fig. 6, a total of 16 high-sensitivity temperature test sensors (such as high-sensitivity thermocouple resistance wires) are provided, when the piston gas ring leaks, hot gas contacts with the temperature sensors, the sealing performance of the piston can be evaluated according to the indication value of each sensor, namely, the leakage distribution position and the leakage moment can be found, and the leakage quantity can be obtained by the flow tester 31.
Claims (1)
1. The multifunctional reciprocating material friction and wear and piston ring tightness testing machine is used for reciprocating friction and wear testing and piston ring tightness testing; the method is characterized in that:
when the reciprocating friction and wear test is carried out, the multifunctional reciprocating material friction and wear and piston ring tightness tester mainly comprises a bottom plate (1), a supporting plate a (2), a crank connecting rod sliding block mechanism (3), a supporting plate b (4), a friction pair mechanism (5), a supporting plate c (6), a tachometer (7) and a driving motor (8); the support plate a (2), the support plate b (4) and the support plate c (6) are sequentially fixed on the bottom plate (1) and are positioned on the same straight line; the crank connecting rod sliding block mechanism (3) is fixedly arranged between the supporting plate a (2) and the supporting plate b (4), and the friction pair mechanism (5) is fixedly arranged between the supporting plate b (4) and the supporting plate c (6); the piston in the crank connecting rod sliding block mechanism (3) is connected with the friction pair mechanism (5) in an axial vibration reduction way and is used for testing the friction force of the reciprocating friction pair; the rotating speed instrument (7) and the driving motor (8) are positioned on the side face of the crank-link slider mechanism (3), and are fixedly arranged on the bottom plate (1), one end of the rotating speed instrument (7) is connected with the crank-link slider mechanism (3), and the other end of the rotating speed instrument is connected with the driving motor (8) through a coupler; the driving motor (8) drives the tachometer (7) to rotate, so that the crank-link slider mechanism (3) is driven to do linear reciprocating motion, and then the piston mechanism (15) in the friction pair mechanism (5) is driven to do reciprocating linear motion;
the friction pair mechanism (5) mainly comprises a lubricating oil pipe joint (9), a piston connecting shaft (10), an axial test sensor device (11), a dynamic cylinder sleeve radial test sensor device (12), a fixed sleeve (13), a movable cylinder sleeve (14), a piston mechanism (15), a sensor wire harness joint (16) and a piston locking mechanism (17); the piston mechanism (15) is fixed on the piston connecting shaft (10) through the piston locking mechanism (17), the piston connecting shaft (10) penetrates through the movable cylinder sleeve (14), one end of the piston connecting shaft (10) is connected with a piston of the crank connecting rod sliding block mechanism (3), and the piston mechanism (15) is contacted with the inner wall of the movable cylinder sleeve (14) to form a reciprocating friction pair; the movable cylinder sleeve (14) is arranged in the fixed sleeve (13), and two ends of the fixed sleeve (13) are respectively fixed on the support plate b (4) and the support plate c (6); the number of the axial test sensor devices (11) is 8, the axial test sensor devices are symmetrically arranged at the contact positions of the movable cylinder sleeve (14) with the support plate b (4) and the support plate c (6), and the axial test sensor devices (11) are positioned at two sides of the piston connecting shaft (10); the number of the dynamic cylinder sleeve radial test sensor devices (12) is 2, the dynamic cylinder sleeve radial test sensor devices are respectively arranged on opposite side surfaces of the supporting plate b (4) and the supporting plate c (6) and are contacted with the fixed sleeve (13), the 2 dynamic cylinder sleeve radial test sensor devices (12) are positioned on the same side of the fixed sleeve (13), and the axial test sensor devices (11) and the dynamic cylinder sleeve radial test sensor devices (12) are used for controlling the axial and radial stress conditions of the dynamic cylinder sleeve (14); the lubricating oil pipe joint (9) and the sensor wire harness joint (16) are positioned in the movable cylinder sleeve (14), one end of the lubricating oil pipe joint is connected with the piston mechanism (15), the other end of the lubricating oil pipe joint extends to the outside of the movable cylinder sleeve (14), the lubricating oil pipe joint (9) is used for providing lubricating oil, and the sensor wire harness joint (16) is used for connecting a sensor device;
the piston mechanism (15) has three forms, the first is a piston and piston ring assembly, and is used for measuring the friction and abrasion of the integral piston ring; the second is a piston for measuring the frictional wear of the piston skirt; the third type mainly comprises a front piston block (18), a friction block (19), a rear piston block (20), a test sensor fixing device (21), a friction block circumference fixing block (22), a friction block radial fixing block (23) and a friction block radial test sensor device (24), and is used for measuring friction and abrasion of the friction block in a blocking manner; the front piston block (18) and the rear piston block (20) are fixedly connected through bolts, the 4 friction blocks (19) are symmetrically arranged between the front piston block (18) and the rear piston block (20), the outer sides of the friction blocks (19) are in contact with the inner wall of the movable cylinder sleeve (14), the inner sides of the friction blocks (19) are circumferentially positioned through the 4 friction block circumference fixing blocks (22), and a test sensor fixing device (21) is arranged between the adjacent friction block circumference fixing blocks (22); the friction block radial fixing block (23) and the friction block radial test sensor device (24) are arranged on an installation groove on the inner side surface of the rear piston block (20), the front piston block (18) and the rear piston block (20) clamp the friction block radial fixing block (23) together, the outer surface of the friction block radial fixing block (23) is arc-shaped and is contacted with the inner arc of the friction block (19), and the friction block radial test sensor device (24) is clamped on the test sensor fixing device (21); the pressure of the friction block (19) is obtained through a friction block radial test sensor device (24) so as to finish a friction test between the friction block (19) and the movable cylinder sleeve (14), namely a reciprocating friction wear test;
when the piston ring tightness test is carried out, the friction pair mechanism (5) is replaced by a piston ring tightness test mechanism, and the piston ring tightness test mechanism mainly comprises a lubricating oil pipe (25), a pressurizing protection device (26), a high-pressure cylinder sleeve (27), a piston ring test device (28), a transparent cylinder sleeve (29), a pressure reducing protection device (30) and a flow tester (31); the high-pressure cylinder sleeve (27) and the transparent cylinder sleeve (29) are arranged in parallel and connected into a whole to form a cavity, and the piston ring testing device (28) is positioned in the cavity; the ends of the high-pressure cylinder sleeve (27) and the transparent cylinder sleeve (29) are respectively fixed on the support plate b (4) and the support plate c (6) through bolts, a connecting rod shaft is arranged at one end of the piston ring testing device (28), and is positioned in the transparent cylinder sleeve (29) and connected with a piston of the crank connecting rod sliding block mechanism (3) through the connecting rod shaft so as to synchronously move with the crank connecting rod sliding block mechanism (3); the end part of the high-pressure cylinder sleeve (27) is provided with a pressurizing protection device (26), one end of the lubricating oil pipe (25) is connected with a piston ring testing device (28), and the other end of the lubricating oil pipe extends out of the high-pressure cylinder sleeve (27); the end part of the transparent cylinder sleeve (29) is provided with a decompression protection device (30), and a flow tester (31) is arranged on the side surface of the transparent cylinder sleeve (29);
the piston ring testing device (28) mainly comprises a piston top (32), a sealing ring (33), a gas ring (34), an oil ring (35), a gas leakage testing ring (36) and a piston main body (37); the piston top (32) is connected with the end part of the piston main body (37) through a bolt, and a sealing ring (33) is arranged between the piston top (32) and the piston main body (37); the two gas rings (34), the two oil rings (35) and the one air leakage testing ring (36) are sequentially arranged at the end part of the piston main body (37);
the piston ring testing device (28) and the high-pressure cylinder sleeve (27) form a piston ring cylinder sleeve friction sealing pair, and the lubricating oil pipe (25) provides lubrication for the piston ring cylinder sleeve friction sealing pair; the piston ring testing device (28) and the crank connecting rod sliding block mechanism (3) synchronously move, so that the tightness test of the piston ring is realized;
the gas leakage testing ring (36) is coated with metal which is chemically reacted with the cavity gas, or is provided with gas testing test paper, when the piston ring testing device (28) runs to generate leakage, the gas leakage testing ring (36) is chemically reacted to change color, and the color change is observed through the transparent cylinder sleeve (29), so that the sealing performance of the piston ring is judged; and a plurality of temperature test sensors are arranged on the air leakage test ring (36) and are used for detecting the air temperature in the high-pressure cylinder sleeve (27) and judging the sealing performance of the piston ring through a temperature leakage detection method.
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