CN109369646A - 一种近红外比率型荧光分子转子、制备方法及其在检测细胞内黏度和蛋白变性中的应用 - Google Patents
一种近红外比率型荧光分子转子、制备方法及其在检测细胞内黏度和蛋白变性中的应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN109369646A CN109369646A CN201811373943.3A CN201811373943A CN109369646A CN 109369646 A CN109369646 A CN 109369646A CN 201811373943 A CN201811373943 A CN 201811373943A CN 109369646 A CN109369646 A CN 109369646A
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Abstract
本发明属于生化检测技术领域,具体涉及一种近红外比率型荧光分子转子、制备方法及其在检测细胞内黏度和蛋白变性中的应用。针对现有技术中近红外比率型检测黏度和蛋白变性的分子转子非常少,满足不了实际应用需求的问题,提供一种全新结构分子转子R1和R3均为杂环基,L为共轭碳链,X1为O或N,n为0~6;R2选自于H、卤素原子、烃基、环烃基、芳基、杂芳基、杂环基、醇基、醚基、醛基、羧基、酰氨基、酯基或氨基中的任意一种。采用式II化合物与式化合物III先进行Knoevenagel缩合反应,后经环化得到适用于微观粘度的测试,并且由于其比率特性,可对细胞内黏度定量检测;还可与胰岛素、牛血清白蛋白等蛋白质结合,用于检测蛋白变性。制备方法简单。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于生化检测技术领域,具体涉及一种近红外比率型荧光分子转子、制备方法及其在检测细胞内黏度变化和检测蛋白变性中的应用。
背景技术
在生物系统中,细胞内黏度的变化与疾病息息相关,对黏度的检测显得尤为重要,越来越多的人试图探索一种新方法——使用分子转子来描绘局部微观粘度。分子转子荧光探针检测细胞内黏度的机理是:由于分子转子的旋转是非粘性介质中的有效猝灭途径,因此与转子部分偶联的荧光化合物会导致较弱的内在荧光;当其在粘性介质中时,旋转则受到限制,自由转动行为和消耗的激发能减少从而导致荧光增强,荧光量子产率增高。
分子转子旋转受阻机理同样适用于对变性蛋白的检测。研究表明,各类蛋白质在发生变性后,不仅原来卷曲的紧密有序的结构发生改变,变化为无序松散的伸展链结构,二级结构中的α-螺旋结构均存在一定程度地向β-折叠结构转化的趋势。分子转子在以α-螺旋结构为主的正常蛋白中旋转相对自由,而在蛋白变性后的β-折叠结构中旋转受阻。由此可导致荧光强弱发生变化从而检测蛋白变性。许多疾病皆有蛋白质结构发生转变而产生的,因此关于蛋白变性检测的这项研究进展具有应用价值。
在生物成像中,近红外发射十分有利于厚组织样品内信号的检测。穿透力更强使其能够提高对生物样品的探测深度。光毒性低大大降低了对样品的光损伤。同时还能有效避开细胞的自吸收和自发荧光,有利于提高信噪比。而且近红外比率型分子转子能够达到对细胞黏度定量的检测。然而,目前近红外比率型检测黏度和蛋白变性的分子转子非常少。七甲川菁是一个典型的近红外荧光团,且以七甲川菁作为荧光团的分子是目前极少数被FDA(美国食品药品监督管理局)批准用于临床的分子。但是七甲川菁对黏度和蛋白变性响应不敏感,稳定性差。因此,对于开发此类用于检测细胞内黏度和蛋白变性的近红外比率型分子转子十分有意义。
发明内容
针对现有技术中近红外比率型检测黏度和蛋白变性的分子转子非常少,满足不了实际应用需求的问题,本发明通过保留了近红外七甲川菁的主链结构,并通过链的环化,提高荧光稳定性,赋予其分子转子的特征,使其对黏度和蛋白变性响应敏感,从而开发一种全新结构的近红外比率型荧光分子转子。
本发明一方面提供一种全新结构分子转子,是一种比率型荧光探针,其结构如下式(I)所示。
式(Ⅰ)中:R1和R3分别为取代或非取代的杂环;L为取代或非取代的共轭碳链;X1为O或N;n为0~6;R2选自于H、卤素原子、取代或非取代的烃基、取代或非取代的环烃基、取代或非取代的芳基、取代或非取代的杂芳基、取代或非取代的杂环基、取代或者非取代的醇基、取代或者非取代的醚基、取代或者非取代的醛基、取代或者非取代的羧基、取代或者非取代的酰氨基、取代或者非取代的酯基和取代或者非取代的氨基。
式(Ⅰ)化合物具有比率型、长波长发射、大斯托克位移、对黏度和变性蛋白敏感的优点,能够作为分子转子用于细胞内黏度的定量检测以及蛋白变性的检测。
优选地,所述R1和R3上分别包含N、O和S中的一个或多个杂原子。
优选地,所述共轭碳链中包含2-5个双键;
优选地,X1为N;
优选地,所述R1、R3各自独立地选自于取代或者非取代的吡咯或氢化吡咯环、取代或者非取代的呋喃或氢化呋喃环、取代或者非取代的噻吩或氢化噻吩环、取代或者非取代的吡唑或氢化吡唑环、取代或者非取代的咪唑或氢化咪唑环、取代或者非取代的噁唑或氢化噁唑环、取代或者非取代的异噁唑或氢化异噁唑环、取代或者非取代的噻唑或氢化噻唑环、取代或者非取代的吲哚或氢化吲哚环、取代或者非取代的苯并呋喃或氢化苯并呋喃环、取代或者非取代的苯并咪唑或氢化苯并咪唑环、取代或者非取代的咔唑或氢化咔唑环、取代或者非取代的吡啶或氢化吡啶环、取代或者非取代的吡喃或氢化吡喃环、取代或者非取代的噻喃或氢化噻喃环、取代或者非取代的苯并吡唑或氢化苯并吡唑环、取代或者非取代的哒嗪或氢化哒嗪环、取代或者非取代的嘧啶嗪或氢化嘧啶环、取代或者非取代的吡嗪或氢化吡嗪环、取代或者非取代的哌啶环、取代或者非取代的吗啉环、取代或者非取代的硫代吗啉环和取代或者非取代的三唑环;
优选地,所述R1选自于:
其中,R5、R6、R6’各自独立地选自于H、卤素原子、取代或非取代的烃基、取代或非取代的环烃基、取代或非取代的芳基、取代或非取代的杂芳基、取代或非取代的杂环基、取代或者非取代的醇基、取代或者非取代的醚基、取代或者非取代的醛基、取代或者非取代的羧基、取代或者非取代的酰氨基、取代或者非取代的酯基和取代或者非取代的氨基。
进一步优选,所述L为
进一步优选,n为3;
进一步优选,R2为-CH3、更优选地,所述式(Ⅰ)化合物为化合物I-1、I-2、I-3、I-4、I-5、I-6、I-7、I-8、I-9、I-10、I-11、I-12、I-13、I-14、I-15或I-16:
本发明的第二个方面是提供制备上述化合物的方法,式II化合物与式化合物式III先进行Knoevenagel缩合反应,后经环化得到本发明式(Ⅰ)化合物。
关环反应机理如下:
本发明的第三个方面是提供上述的化合物在粘度测试、线粒体荧光标记、细胞内黏度定量检测或蛋白变性检测中的用途。本发明提供的式(Ⅰ)化合物是一种荧光染料,作为比率型荧光探针,荧光强度随环境粘度的增大而增强,荧光强度的对数和溶剂粘度的对数关系具有很好的线性关系,荧光强度与粘度的关系符合霍夫曼方程,并且具有较高斜率,其对粘度反应灵敏,激活倍数高。该化合物对蛋白质二级结构变化灵敏,蛋白质二级结构由α-螺旋转变为β-折叠结构时,荧光强度随之增强。
本发明具有以下优点:式(Ⅰ)化合物适用于微观粘度的测试,并且由于其比率特性,可对细胞内黏度定量检测;还可与胰岛素、牛血清白蛋白等蛋白质结合,用于检测蛋白变性。制备方法简单,
附图说明
图1本发明近红外比率型荧光探针化合物I-1的合成路线;
图2化合物I-1在水中的紫外吸收光谱图;
图3化合物I-1在水中的荧光发射光谱图;
图4化合物I-1在不同黏度溶液中的紫外吸收光谱图;
图5化合物I-1在不同黏度溶液中的荧光发射光谱图;
图6化合物I-1荧光强度的对数和溶剂粘度的对数关系图;
图7已报道过的与本发明结构类似但对黏度没有响应的4种青色素类化合物结构ICG、Cy7-4、Cy7-6、Cy7-8;
图8化合物I-1和ICG、Cy7-4、Cy7-6、Cy7-8的荧光强度与溶液黏度关系图;
图9化合物I-1的荧光寿命随溶液的粘度的变化图;
图10化合物I-1的荧光寿命随溶液的粘度的关系图;
图11化合物I-1在490nm、710nm、710/490的荧光值对数和溶剂粘度的对数关系图;
图12化合物I-1定位线粒体的显微成像图,图中a表示红色通道,b表示绿色通道、c表示组合;
图13加入制霉菌素后的化合物I-1定位线粒体的显微成像图;
图14细胞同一位置荧光强度与加入制霉菌素后时间关系图;
图15化合物I-1在不同浓度的非变性BSA溶液中的荧光发射光谱图;
图16化合物I-1在不同浓度的变性BSA溶液中的荧光发射光谱图;
图17化合物I-1的荧光强度与变性BSA、非变性BSA浓度的关系图;
图18化合物I-1在不同浓度的非变性胰岛素溶液中的荧光发射光谱图;
图19化合物I-1在不同浓度的变性胰岛素溶液中的荧光发射光谱图;
图20化合物I-1的荧光强度与变性胰岛素、非变性胰岛素浓度的关系图;
图21模拟计算得出的化合物I-1的紫外吸收谱图;
图22转子角度为0°时化合物I-1的激发态电子轨道能量;
图23化合物I-1在不同角度时所对应的分子旋转能;
图24化合物I-1在不同角度时在基态与激发态之间跃迁所需要的振子强度;
图25化合物I-1在不同角度时所对应从基态跃迁到激发态所需能量。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例及附图对本发明做进一步详细说明。
本发明的一些化合物I-1到I-44的分子结构如表1所示。
表1化合物I-1到I-44的分子结构
上述化合物一般可以通过以下反应通式来进行合成:
主要的合成步骤包括:
步骤一、化合物A的合成:
将二氯甲烷和化合物1冰浴下加入瓶中搅拌,恒压加入化合物5搅拌,再加入化合物3,80℃反应3小时。反应完全后将产物倒入碎冰中淬灭反应,在冰箱放置过夜。真空下蒸去溶剂得到粗产物化合物A,不进行提纯直接用于下一步反应。
步骤二、化合物B的合成:
化合物2和化合物3加入到乙腈中。加热到110℃回流反应24小时。真空下蒸去溶剂,所得固体用乙醚洗涤3次得到化合物B。
步骤三、化合物I的合成:
将化合物A和化合物B溶于正丁醇:甲苯(7:3)中,加热回流4小时。4小时后不经过处理直接加化合物C,继续回流反应4小时。真空下蒸去溶剂,所得固体经柱层析纯化,得目标化合物I。
实施例1化合物I-1的合成及其荧光性质
如图1所示,化合物I-1的合成包括以下步骤:
1)化合物1的合成:将20mL二氯甲烷和20mL DMF冰浴下加入瓶中搅拌,恒压加入17.5mL三氯氧磷搅拌,再加入5.3mL的环己酮,加热到80℃反应3小时。反应完全后将产物倒入碎冰中淬灭反应,在冰箱放置过夜。真空下蒸去溶剂得到粗产物化合物1,不进行提纯直接用于下一步反应。
2)化合物2的合成:5g的2,3,3-三甲基-3H-苯并吲哚和6g的碘乙烷加入到20mL乙腈中。加热到110℃回流反应24小时。真空下蒸去溶剂,所得固体用乙醚洗涤3次得到化合物2。
3)化合物I-1的合成:3.62g的化合物1与3.92g的化合物2于75mL的正丁醇:甲苯(7:3)中回流反应4小时后,加入溶于10mL正丁醇:甲苯(7:3)的5.42g的化合物3,继续回流反应4小时。真空下蒸去溶剂,所得固体经柱层析纯化,得目标化合物I-1。
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ(ppm):8.18(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),7.96(d,J=7.6Hz,1H),7.84(m,3H),7.72(d,J=7.6Hz,1H),7.62(d,J=7.2Hz,1H),7.56(d,J=12.8Hz,1H),7.39(m,3H),7.30(t,J=7.6Hz,8.0Hz,1H),7.21(d,J=8.8Hz,1H),5.71(d,J=12.8Hz,1H),4.06(q,J=7.2Hz,2H),3.08(m,2H),2.74(m,2H),2.33(m,2H),1.86(s,3H),1.72(s,3H),1.61(s,1H),1.44(t,J=7.2Hz,3H),1.38(s,3H)。
化合物I-1在水中的紫外吸收光谱图及荧光发射光谱图分别如图2和图3所示。化合物I-1分别在紫外区(300-420nm)和近红外区(600nm左右)有吸收峰。用405nm的紫外光激发,分别可得到490nm和710nm两个荧光发射峰。因此,化合物I-1是一个近红外比率型荧光探针。
实施例2化合物I-2至I-15的合成
采用实施例1类似的方法可以制备化合物I-2至I-15。
1、化合物I-2的合成
以化合物4代替实施例1中的化合物2,其余所需试剂、制备方法同实施例1的步骤3),制备得到化合物I-2,1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ(ppm):8.18(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),7.96(d,J=7.6Hz,1H),7.62(d,J=7.2Hz,1H),7.56(d,J=12.8Hz,1H),7.39(m,3H),7.30(t,J=7.6Hz,8.0Hz,1H),7.21(d,J=8.8Hz,1H),5.71(d,J=12.8Hz,1H),4.06(q,J=7.2Hz,2H),3.08(m,2H),2.74(m,2H),2.33(m,2H),1.86(s,3H),1.72(s,3H),1.61(s,1H),1.44(t,J=7.2Hz,3H),1.38(s,3H)。
2、化合物I-3的合成
以化合物5代替实施例1中的化合物2,其余所需试剂、制备方法同实施例1的步骤3),制备得到化合物I-3,1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ(ppm):8.18(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),7.96(d,J=7.6Hz,1H),7.62(d,J=7.2Hz,1H),7.56(d,J=12.8Hz,1H),7.39(m,3H),7.30(t,J=7.6Hz,8.0Hz,1H),7.21(d,J=8.8Hz,1H),5.71(d,J=12.8Hz,1H),4.06(q,J=7.2Hz,2H),3.08(m,2H),2.74(m,2H),2.33(m,2H),1.61(s,1H),1.44(t,J=7.2Hz,3H),1.38(s,3H)。
3、化合物I-4的合成
以化合物6代替实施例1中的化合物2,以化合物7代替实施例1中的化合物3,其余所需试剂、制备方法同实施例1的步骤3),制备得到化合物I-4,1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ(ppm):8.18(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),7.96(d,J=7.6Hz,1H),7.88(d,J=7.2Hz,2H),7.75(d,J=7.2Hz,2H),7.62(d,J=7.2Hz,1H),7.56(d,J=12.8Hz,1H),7.39(m,3H),7.30(t,J=7.6Hz,8.0Hz,1H),7.21(d,J=8.8Hz,1H),5.71(d,J=12.8Hz,1H),4.06(q,J=7.2Hz,2H),3.08(m,2H),2.74(m,2H),2.33(m,2H),1.61(s,1H),1.44(t,J=7.2Hz,3H),1.38(s,3H)。
4、化合物I-5的合成
以化合物8代替实施例1中的化合物2,以化合物7代替实施例1中的化合物3,其余所需试剂、制备方法同实施例1的步骤3),制备得到化合物I-5,1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ(ppm):8.18(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),7.96(d,J=7.6Hz,1H),7.62(d,J=7.2Hz,1H),7.56(d,J=12.8Hz,1H),7.39(m,3H),7.30(t,J=7.6Hz,8.0Hz,1H),7.21(d,J=8.8Hz,1H),5.71(d,J=12.8Hz,1H),4.06(q,J=7.2Hz,2H),3.08(m,2H),2.74(m,2H),2.33(m,2H),1.61(s,1H),1.44(t,J=7.2Hz,3H),1.38(s,3H)。
5、化合物I-6的合成
以化合物9代替实施例1中的化合物2,以化合物7代替实施例1中的化合物3,其余所需试剂、制备方法同实施例1的步骤3),制备得到化合物I-6,1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ(ppm):8.18(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),7.96(d,J=7.6Hz,1H),7.84(m,3H),7.72(d,J=7.6Hz,1H),7.62(d,J=7.2Hz,1H),7.56(d,J=12.8Hz,1H),7.39(m,3H),7.30(t,J=7.6Hz,8.0Hz,1H),7.21(d,J=8.8Hz,1H),5.71(d,J=12.8Hz,1H),4.06(q,J=7.2Hz,2H),3.08(m,2H),2.74(m,2H),2.33(m,2H),1.61(s,1H),1.44(t,J=7.2Hz,3H),1.38(s,3H)。
6、化合物I-7的合成
以化合物10代替实施例1中的化合物2,以化合物7代替实施例1中的化合物3,其余所需试剂、制备方法同实施例1的步骤3),制备得到化合物I-7,1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ(ppm):8.18(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),7.96(d,J=7.6Hz,1H),7.84(m,3H),7.72(d,J=7.6Hz,2H),7.62(d,J=7.2Hz,2H),7.56(d,J=12.8Hz,1H),7.39(m,3H),7.30(t,J=7.6Hz,8.0Hz,1H),7.21(d,J=8.8Hz,1H),5.71(d,J=12.8Hz,1H),4.06(q,J=7.2Hz,2H),3.08(m,2H),2.74(m,2H),2.33(m,2H),1.61(s,1H),1.44(t,J=7.2Hz,3H),1.38(s,3H)。
7、化合物I-8的合成
以化合物8代替实施例1中的化合物2,其余所需试剂、制备方法同实施例1的步骤3),制备得到化合物I-8,1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ(ppm):8.18(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),7.56(d,J=12.8Hz,1H),7.39(m,3H),7.30(t,J=7.6Hz,8.0Hz,1H),7.21(d,J=8.8Hz,1H),5.71(d,J=12.8Hz,1H),4.06(q,J=7.2Hz,2H),3.08(m,2H),2.74(m,2H),2.33(m,2H),1.61(s,1H),1.44(t,J=7.2Hz,3H),1.38(s,3H)。
8、化合物I-9的合成
以化合物11代替实施例1中的化合物2,其余所需试剂、制备方法同实施例1的步骤3),制备得到化合物I-9,1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ(ppm):8.18(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),7.56(d,J=12.8Hz,1H),7.39(m,3H),7.30(t,J=7.6Hz,8.0Hz,1H),7.21(d,J=8.8Hz,1H),5.71(d,J=
12.8Hz,1H),4.06(q,J=7.2Hz,2H),3.08(m,2H),2.74(m,2H),2.33(m,2H),2.23(m,2H),1.61(s,1H),1.56(s,1H),1.49(m,2H),1.44(t,J=7.2Hz,3H),1.38(s,3H)。
9、化合物I-10的合成
以化合物12代替实施例1中的化合物2,其余所需试剂、制备方法同实施例1的步骤3),制备得到化合物I-10,1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ(ppm):8.18(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),7.56(d,J=12.8Hz,1H),7.39(m,3H),7.30(t,J=7.6Hz,8.0Hz,1H),7.21(d,J=8.8Hz,1H),5.71(d,J=
12.8Hz,1H),4.06(q,J=7.2Hz,2H),3.08(m,2H),2.74(m,2H),2.33(m,2H),2.23(m,2H),1.61(s,1H),1.56(s,1H),1.49(m,2H),1.44(t,J=7.2Hz,3H),1.38(s,3H)。
10、化合物I-11的合成
以化合物13代替实施例1中的化合物2,其余所需试剂、制备方法同实施例1的步骤3),制备得到化合物I-11,1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ(ppm):8.18(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),7.96(d,J=7.6Hz,1H),7.84(m,3H),7.72(m,4H),7.69(d,J=7.2Hz,1H),7.62(d,J=7.2Hz,1H),7.56(d,J=12.8Hz,1H),7.39(m,3H),7.30(t,J=7.6Hz,8.0Hz,1H),7.21(d,J=8.8Hz,1H),5.71(d,J=12.8Hz,1H),4.06(q,J=7.2Hz,2H),3.08(m,2H),2.74(m,2H),2.33(m,2H),1.86(s,3H),1.72(s,3H),1.61(s,1H),1.44(t,J=7.2Hz,3H),1.38(s,3H)。
11、化合物I-12的合成
以化合物14代替实施例1中的化合物2,其余所需试剂、制备方法同实施例1的步骤3),制备得到化合物I-12,1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ(ppm):8.18(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),7.96(d,J=7.6Hz,1H),7.84(m,3H),7.72(d,J=7.6Hz,1H),7.62(d,J=7.2Hz,1H),7.56(d,J=12.8Hz,1H),7.39(m,3H),7.30(t,J=7.6Hz,8.0Hz,1H),7.21(d,J=8.8Hz,1H),5.71(d,J=12.8Hz,1H),4.06(q,J=7.2Hz,2H),3.08(m,2H),2.74(m,2H),2.33(m,2H),1.86(s,3H),1.72(s,3H),1.61(s,1H),1.44(t,J=7.2Hz,3H),1.38(s,3H)。
12、化合物I-13的合成
以化合物15代替实施例1中的化合物1,其余所需试剂、制备方法同实施例1的步骤3),制备得到化合物I-13,1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ(ppm):8.18(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),7.96(d,J=7.6Hz,1H),7.84(m,3H),7.72(d,J=7.6Hz,1H),7.62(d,J=7.2Hz,1H),7.56(d,J=12.8Hz,1H),7.39(m,3H),7.30(t,J=7.6Hz,8.0Hz,1H),7.21(d,J=8.8Hz,1H),5.71(d,J=12.8Hz,1H),4.06(q,J=7.2Hz,2H),3.08(m,2H),2.74(m,2H),2.33(m,2H),1.93(s,9H),1.86(s,3H),1.72(s,3H),1.61(s,1H),1.44(t,J=7.2Hz,3H),1.38(s,3H)。
13、化合物I-14的合成
以化合物16代替实施例1中的化合物1,其余所需试剂、制备方法同实施例1的步骤3),制备得到化合物I-14,1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ(ppm):8.18(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),7.96(d,J=7.6Hz,1H),7.84(m,4H),7.78(m,4H),7.72(d,J=7.6Hz,1H),7.62(d,J=7.2Hz,1H),7.56(d,J=12.8Hz,1H),7.39(m,3H),7.30(t,J=7.6Hz,8.0Hz,1H),7.21(d,J=8.8Hz,1H),5.71(d,J=12.8Hz,1H),4.06(q,J=7.2Hz,2H),3.08(m,2H),2.74(m,2H),2.33(m,2H),1.93(s,9H),1.86(s,3H),1.72(s,3H),1.61(s,1H),1.44(t,J=7.2Hz,3H),1.38(s,3H)。
14、化合物I-15的合成
以化合物17代替实施例1中的化合物1,其余所需试剂、制备方法同实施例1的步骤3),制备得到化合物I-15,1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ(ppm):8.18(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),7.96(d,J=7.6Hz,1H),7.84(m,4H),7.78(m,4H),7.72(d,J=7.6Hz,1H),7.62(d,J=7.2Hz,1H),7.56(d,J=12.8Hz,1H),7.39(m,3H),7.30(t,J=7.6Hz,8.0Hz,1H),7.21(d,J=8.8Hz,1H),5.71(d,J=12.8Hz,1H),4.06(q,J=7.2Hz,2H),3.08(m,2H),2.74(m,2H),2.33(m,2H),1.93(s,9H),1.86(s,3H),1.72(s,3H),1.61(s,1H),1.44(t,J=7.2Hz,3H),1.38(s,3H)。
实施例3化合物I-1在不同黏度溶液中对粘度的灵敏性
选用水和甘油混合体系,按水和甘油不同质量比配出不同黏度的溶液,具体配比如下:1.07cp(水100%),1.41cp(水:甘油=9:1),2.55cp(水:甘油=8:2),4.62cp(水:甘油=7:3),8.72cp(水:甘油=6:4),19.6cp(水:甘油=5:5),32.8cp(水:甘油=4:6),62.5cp(水:甘油=3:7),160.1cp(水:甘油=2:8),401cp(水:甘油=1:9),1150cp(甘油100%)。
以本发明的化合物I-1以及4种青色素类化合物(cyanine)ICG、Cy7-4、Cy7-6、Cy7-8为例,将上述化合物分别溶解于DMSO(也可以是乙醇等有机溶剂)中配置成2mM的存储液,取少量存储液加入不同黏度溶液中配置成10μM的工作液。取2mL加入石英比色皿中,分别测紫外吸收光谱和荧光发射光谱。
附图4和图5是化合物I-1紫外和荧光结果。结果表明化合物I-1的荧光强度随溶液黏度的增加而增加。荧光强度的对数和溶剂粘度的对数关系如图6所示,结果表明化合物I-1荧光强度的对数和溶剂粘度的对数关系具有很好的线性关系,荧光强度与粘度的关系符合霍夫曼方程,并且具有较高斜率,其对粘度反应灵敏,激活倍数高。
如图7和图8所示,与本发明化合物结构类似,但是没有进行关环反应的青色素类化合物对黏度没有响应的结构,这4种青色素类化合物的荧光随黏度增加变化很小,说明这4种青色素类化合物不能够检测黏度。
实施例4不同黏度溶液中荧光寿命测试
将化合物I-1加入到黏度为1.07cp,2.55cp,4.62cp,8.72cp,19.6cp,62.5cp,1150cp的水-甘油混合溶液中,配制成终浓度为10μM的溶液进行荧光寿命测试,如图9、10所示。发现随黏度增加,化合物I-1的荧光寿命随之增加。证明本发明探针对于黏度响应敏感,可作为黏度探针应用。
实施例5化合物I-1荧光量子产率的计算
将本发明化合物I-1配置成2mM的DMSO存储液,而后取10μL加入2mL的具有不同黏度的溶液中(水-甘油体系),利用紫外分光光度计测试紫外吸收,找出最大吸收波长。通过紫外吸收光谱图计算出I-1在不同极性溶液中的摩尔消光系数。用最大吸收波长激发,在荧光光度分光计上测试荧光发射光谱,数据用origin作图并计算积分面积。通过所得数据计算荧光量子产率
得到化合物I-1在不同黏度的溶液中的特征参数如下:
实施例6定量检测黏度测试
根据实施例3中所测化合物I-1的荧光光谱分析数据,分别找到490nm、710nm处的荧光强度峰值,用490nm峰值、710nm峰值、710/490nm的比值对应黏度作图,如图11所示。可以发现,蓝光通道的荧光对于黏度响应很弱,而近红外区对于黏度响应敏感,且近红外光与蓝光的比值对于黏度响应敏感,因此,本发明的比率型荧光探针可通过近红外光与蓝光通道荧光的比值来定量检测黏度。
实施例7细胞成像实验
将线粒体染料Mito-Green(75nM)和I-1(8μM)加入到细胞的培养基中进行30分钟的细胞染色,染完色用PBS冲洗两遍后在共聚焦荧光显微镜下观察拍照,将绿色通道和红色通道的照片组合到一起发现细胞呈黄色,没有明显的红色和绿色,如图12所示。说明红色通道和绿色通道是几乎完全重合的,说明化合物I-1是一种可靶向线粒体的染料。。
实施例8细胞内黏度定量检测实验
将I-1(8μM)加入到细胞的培养基中进行30分钟的细胞染色,染完色用PBS冲洗两遍后在共聚焦荧光显微镜下观察拍照,监测30分钟待荧光稳定后,加入10μL终浓度为25μM的制霉菌素,分别用405nm和633nm的激光器激发,每5分钟拍照。如图13所示。发现加药后蓝色通道随时间变化荧光无明显变化,而红色通道荧光肉眼可见增强。将蓝色通道和红色通道组合,明显看出组合图由冷光玫红色逐渐变为暖光枚红色,说明蓝色通道对于黏度变化无明显荧光变化,而红色通道的荧光随黏度增加而增强。从每个时间点的组合图中选择同一位置读取荧光强度数值进行作图,如图14所示。710/490nm的荧光比值随细胞内黏度增加而显著增强。证明本发明比率型探针可定量检测细胞内黏度。
实施例9牛血清白蛋白(BSA)变性检测
将100mg的BSA溶于10mL的PBS溶液中(pH=7.4),70℃下搅拌24小时。同时对照组将100mg的BSA溶于10mL的PBS溶液中(pH=7.4),室温下搅拌24小时。将实验组和对照组高浓度溶液成倍稀释,分别配置成实验组变性BSA和对照组不变性BSA125μM、62.5μM、31.25μM、15.6μM、7.8μM、3.9μM、1.95μM、0.98μM和0.49μM的溶液。将本发明化合物I-1配置成2mM的DMSO存储液,而后取10μL分别加入上述不同浓度的变性或非变性BSA溶液中。取2mL加入石英比色皿中,用600nm激发测荧光发射光谱,如图15所示为化合物I-1在不同浓度非变性BSA中的荧光发射光谱,如图16所示为化合物I-1在不同浓度变性BSA中的荧光发射光谱。将不同浓度对应的710nm处荧光峰值对应BSA浓度作图,如图17所示。由图得知,同浓度的化合物I-1在同浓度的变性和非变性BSA溶液中荧光差别很大,在变性BSA中荧光比在非变性BSA中的荧光强度高很多。由此可见本发明化合物I可检测BSA蛋白变性测试。
实施例10胰岛素变性检测
将10mg胰岛素溶于3.5mL的20%乙酸溶液中,70℃下搅拌24小时。24小时后,用Tris溶液和NaOH溶液调pH至7.4。对照组是将10mg胰岛素溶于3.5mL的Tris-HCl缓冲溶液中(pH=7.4),室温下搅拌24小时。将实验组和对照组高浓度溶液成倍稀释,分别配置成实验组变性胰岛素和对照组不变性胰岛素125μM、62.5μM、31.25μM、15.6μM、7.8μM、3.9μM、1.95μM、0.98μM和0.49μM的溶液。将本发明化合物I-1配置成2mM的DMSO存储液,而后取10μL分别加入上述不同浓度的变性或非变性胰岛素溶液中。取2mL加入石英比色皿中,用600nm激发测荧光发射光谱,如图18所示为化合物I-1在不同浓度非变性胰岛素中的荧光发射光谱,如图19所示为化合物I-1在不同浓度变性胰岛素中的荧光发射光谱。将不同浓度对应的710nm处荧光峰值对应胰岛素浓度作图,如图20所示。由图得知,同浓度的化合物I-1在同浓度的变性和非变性胰岛素溶液中荧光差别很大,在变性胰岛素中荧光比在非变性胰岛素中的荧光强度高很多。而且化合物I-1的荧光强度与胰岛素浓度成很好的线性关系。由此可见本发明化合物I可检测胰岛素蛋白变性测试。
实施例11分子转子能量模拟计算
通过Gaussian 09软件进行计算。通过改变二面角(10°增加)扫描化合物I-1的势能面,并且在B3LYP/6-31+G(d,p)水平优化每个点的相应结构。使用具有6-31+G(d,p)基组的CAM-B3LYP功能进行时间依赖性密度泛函理论(TDDFT)计算,以确定化合物的激发态性质。已经证明远程校正(LC)混合功能克服了TDDFT的电荷转移问题。如图21所示,为通过计算得出的紫外吸收谱图和实际测试所得紫外吸收谱图,达到了很高的匹配度。如图22、23、24、25所示,化合物I-1中当苯并吲哚与与吡咯-喹啉共轭是共面时(0度或180度),化合物I-1处于最稳定的基态。在黏溶液中,分子转子旋转受到限制,增加了平面量化合物I-1的构象。两个主要的电子跃迁(S0→S2,振子强度fab=0.8929;S0→S3,振子获得强度fab=0.3016)。平面化合物I-1对应于两个吸收峰(λabs,600和380nm)。当平面化合物I-1在600nm激发时,分子转子经历了向S2的转变(HOMO→LUMO)。由于从S2到S1的相对低的能隙和从S1到S0的较大的能隙,化合物I-1分子可以通过快速弛豫过程中内部转换为S1然后返回,从而发出710nm的荧光。当平面化合物I-1用380nm激发时,获得从S0到S3的转变(HOMO→LUMO+2)。然而,从S3到S2的能垒很高,其主要通过从S3直接跃迁到S0的荧光发射蓝光(λem500nm)。在低粘度溶液或高温下作为比较,化合物I-1在激发态下的旋转显着降低了激发态之间的能隙,因此内部转换主导衰变。通过扭转二面角形成的状态可以主要通过非辐射弛豫释放吸收的能量,这导致较弱的荧光强度。因此,化合物I-1的粘度灵敏度产生于旋转以降低能垒。
计算化合物I-1的基态和激发态电子能量:
以上所述的实施例仅是对本发明的优选实施方式进行描述,并非对本发明的范围进行限定,在不脱离本发明设计精神的前提下,本领域普通技术人员对本发明的技术方案作出的各种变形和改进,均应落入本发明权利要求书确定的保护范围内。
Claims (10)
1.一种用作近红外比率型荧光分子转子的化合物,其特征在于,该化合物的结构式为:
式中:R1和R3均为杂环基,L为共轭碳链,X1为O或N,n为0~6;R2选自于H、卤素原子、烃基、环烃基、芳基、杂芳基、杂环基、醇基、醚基、醛基、羧基、酰氨基、酯基或氨基中的任意一种。
2.根据权利要求1所述的化合物,其特征在于,所述R1和R3上分别包含N、O和S中的一个或多个杂原子。
3.根据权利要求1所述的化合物,其特征在于,所述L包含2-5个双键。
4.根据权利要求1所述的化合物,其特征在于,所述的烃基、环烃基、芳基、杂芳基、杂环基、醇基、醚基、醛基、羧基、酰氨基、酯基或氨基为取代的基团。
5.根据权利要求1-4任一项所述的化合物,其特征在于,所述R1、R3各自独立地选自于吡咯、氢化吡咯环、呋喃、氢化呋喃环、噻吩、氢化噻吩环、吡唑、氢化吡唑环、咪唑、氢化咪唑环、噁唑、氢化噁唑环、异噁唑、氢化异噁唑环、噻唑、氢化噻唑环、吲哚、氢化吲哚环、苯并呋喃、氢化苯并呋喃环、苯并咪唑、氢化苯并咪唑环、咔唑、氢化咔唑环、吡啶、氢化吡啶环、吡喃、氢化吡喃环、噻喃、氢化噻喃环、苯并吡唑、氢化苯并吡唑环、哒嗪、氢化哒嗪环、嘧啶嗪、氢化嘧啶环、吡嗪、氢化吡嗪环、哌啶环、吗啉环、硫代吗啉环和三唑环。
6.根据权利要求5所述的化合物,其特征在于,所述R1选自以下基团中的任意一种:
所述R3选自以下基团中的任意一种:
其中,R5、R6、R6’各自独立地选自于H、卤素原子、烃基、环烃基、芳基、杂芳基、杂环基、醇基、醚基、醛基、羧基、酰氨基、酯基和氨基中的任一种。
7.根据权利要求6所述的化合物,其特征在于,所述L为n为3;R2为-CH3、
8.根据权利要求1所述的化合物,其特征在于,所述化合物的结构式为以下任意一种:
9.权利要求1所述的化合物的制备方法,其特征在于,采用式II化合物与式化合物III先进行Knoevenagel缩合反应,后经环化得到本发明化合物;
关环反应机理如下:
10.权利要求1所述的化合物的应用,其特征在于,作为分子转子用于细胞内黏度的定量检测以及蛋白变性的检测。
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