CN109367014B - 3D printing method for axially printing bent pipe based on five-axis printing platform - Google Patents
3D printing method for axially printing bent pipe based on five-axis printing platform Download PDFInfo
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- CN109367014B CN109367014B CN201811342315.9A CN201811342315A CN109367014B CN 109367014 B CN109367014 B CN 109367014B CN 201811342315 A CN201811342315 A CN 201811342315A CN 109367014 B CN109367014 B CN 109367014B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
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- B29C64/386—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
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Abstract
The invention relates to a 3D printing method for axially printing a bent pipe based on a five-axis printing platform, which comprises the following specific steps of: and extracting a neutral skeleton point set of the model according to the triangular patch data of the STL file of the model, performing curve fitting on the neutral skeleton point set to obtain a neutral skeleton curve, selecting slicing points on the neutral skeleton curve of the model, and slicing along a plane perpendicular to the tangential direction of the neutral skeleton curve. And obtaining a cross-section point set according to the slicing method and the triangular patch data, and fitting the point set to obtain a cross-section equation. And (4) calculating the coordinate on a tangent plane parallel to the Z-axis direction through a section equation. And then the coordinates of the bent pipe on other tangent planes are calculated by rotating and translating the section, and all the coordinates of the bent pipe are read. And then, converting the coordinates of the position of the current bent pipe into coordinates during printing by a coordinate conversion method. And finally, generating a G code recognized by the five-axis 3D printer, inputting the G code into the printer, and finishing printing on the existing support.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of spatial 3D printing, in particular to a 3D printing method for axially printing a bent pipe based on a five-axis printing platform.
Background
3D printing is an additive manufacturing technology, based on a digital model file, a computer is used for cutting a model into a series of thin sheets with thickness, each layer of thin sheet is manufactured by a 3D printing device from bottom to top, and finally, a three-dimensional entity is formed by superposition. The manufacturing technology can realize the manufacturing of complex structures which are difficult or impossible to process by the traditional process without the traditional cutter or mould, and can effectively simplify the production process and shorten the manufacturing period.
Most of the existing 3D printers are three-degree-of-freedom, the manufacturing mode is stacking and forming layer by layer along the Z-axis direction, and the slicing mode is planar slicing. The bent pipe printed by the method has lower tensile strength along the Z axis, and the strength of the bent pipe can be improved if the bent pipe can be printed along the axial direction of the bent pipe. However, there is no method for 3D printing of elbows in the elbow axial direction.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a 3D printing method for axially printing a bent pipe based on a five-axis printing platform.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention has the following conception:
and extracting a neutral skeleton point set of the model according to the triangular patch data of the STL file of the model, performing curve fitting on the neutral skeleton point set to obtain a neutral skeleton curve, selecting slicing points on the neutral skeleton curve of the model, and slicing along a plane perpendicular to the tangential direction of the neutral skeleton curve. And obtaining a cross-section point set according to the slicing method and the triangular patch data, and fitting the point set to obtain a cross-section equation. And (4) calculating the coordinate on a tangent plane parallel to the Z-axis direction through a section equation. And then the coordinates of the bent pipe on other tangent planes are calculated by rotating and translating the section, and all the coordinates of the bent pipe are read. And then, converting the coordinates of the position of the current bent pipe into coordinates during printing by a coordinate conversion method. And finally, generating a G code recognized by the five-axis 3D printer, inputting the G code into the printer, and finishing printing on the existing support.
According to the conception, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the first step is as follows: establishing a three-dimensional model of a workpiece by using computer aided design software, enabling two ends of the model to be positioned at horizontal positions as much as possible, and storing a data file in an STL format;
the second step is that: placing the model in a space rectangular coordinate system, and adding an A axis (a printing platform swinging axis) rotating around an X axis and a C axis (a printing platform rotating axis) rotating around a Z axis according to the characteristics of a five-axis linkage 3D printer;
the third step: reading a triangular patch in the STL file, and extracting a neutral skeleton point set of the three-dimensional model;
the fourth step: carrying out curve fitting on the extracted neutral skeleton point set to obtain a neutral skeleton curve of the model, and expressing the obtained neutral skeleton curve by using a space coordinate equation;
the fifth step: according to the arc length of the neutral skeleton curve of the model and the printing precision requirement, segmenting the neutral skeleton curve, and calculating the intersection point of the tangent plane and the neutral skeleton curve and the included angle between the tangent plane and the horizontal plane by taking the plane perpendicular to the tangent direction of the neutral skeleton curve as the tangent plane;
and a sixth step: and acquiring a point set of a section on the tangent plane according to the slicing method of the model and the triangular patch data in the STL file, and obtaining a section equation through curve fitting. According to the printing line width, the coordinates of the bent pipe on the tangent plane parallel to the Z-axis direction and the angle of the C-axis of the platform needing to rotate during printing are obtained;
the seventh step: converting the included angle between the cutting plane and the horizontal plane into the rotation angle of the section by rotating and translating the section, and solving the coordinates of the bent pipe on other cutting planes;
eighth step: according to the angle of the platform C shaft needing to rotate, the coordinates of the model during printing are solved;
the ninth step: generating a G code, importing the G code into a main control board of the five-axis 3D printer, and printing on an existing support;
the concrete method for solving the coordinates of the bent pipe on the tangent plane parallel to the Z-axis direction in the sixth step is as follows:
if the original slicing model does not have a tangent plane parallel to the Z-axis direction, a tangent plane parallel to the Z-axis direction is added. According to the section equation, the arc length of the section equation curve on the tangent plane is obtained through an arc length differential formula, the arc length is averagely segmented according to the printing line width, the segmented end point is a point on the printing path, and then the coordinates of the point and the angle of the C shaft of the platform needing to rotate during printing are obtained according to the arc length differential formula and the section equation.
The seventh step is that the concrete method for solving the coordinates of the bent pipe on the other tangent planes comprises the following steps:
according to computer graphics, any cutting plane A can be rotated by a certain angle from a known cutting plane B to obtain a cutting plane C parallel to the cutting plane A, and then the cutting plane C is moved by a certain distance to obtain the cutting plane A.
Similarly, a known tangent plane parallel to the Z-axis direction is rotated by a certain angle, so that the rotated tangent plane is parallel to the obtained tangent plane, a set of coordinates is obtained, and the rotated tangent plane is translated by a certain distance, so that the coordinates of the bent pipe on the obtained tangent plane can be obtained. Or, the known tangent plane parallel to the Z-axis direction is translated for a certain distance and then rotated for a certain angle, so as to obtain the coordinates of the bent pipe on the tangent plane. In this way, the coordinates of the bent pipe on all tangent planes can be obtained.
The concrete method for solving the model coordinate during the eighth step of printing comprises the following steps:
when printing, the spray head prints a path along the axial direction, the C axis of the platform rotates for an angle, and the steps are repeated until the printing is finished. One path taken by the spray head passes through a group of corresponding points on all tangent planes, and one group of corresponding points corresponds to one rotation angle. And (4) taking the C axis as a rotation center, and carrying out coordinate conversion on the coordinate of each group of corresponding points according to the corresponding rotation angle of the corresponding points, so as to obtain the coordinate of the model during printing.
The ninth step of generating the G code and realizing the printing comprises the following specific steps:
and (4) when printing, the moving coordinate of the spray head is the coordinate obtained in the eighth step, the C-axis rotation angle is the C-axis rotation angle obtained in the sixth step, and a G code is generated. Before printing, firstly, a support is installed on a platform, an A shaft of the platform is rotated by 90 degrees, and a G code is guided into a five-shaft 3D printer main control board to realize printing.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
the method realizes the reading of the coordinates when the bent pipe is printed, realizes the axial printing of the bent pipe, and improves the strength of the bent pipe.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the steps of the method of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a product model.
Fig. 3 is a five-axis 3D printing receiving platform.
Fig. 4 is a neutral skeleton curve.
Fig. 5 is a tangential plane parallel to the Z-axis direction.
Fig. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional rotation and translation diagram.
Fig. 7 is a position diagram of an existing support on a five-axis 3D printing platform.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, which are provided for implementation on the premise of the technical solution of the present invention, and give detailed implementation manners and specific operation procedures, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the following examples.
As shown in fig. 1, a 3D printing method for axially printing a bent pipe based on a five-axis printing platform includes the following steps:
the first step is as follows: in the embodiment, SolidWorks 2014 software is used as three-dimensional modeling software, a bent pipe workpiece model shown in figure 2 is established and stored as an STL format file;
the second step is that: as shown in fig. 3, the model is placed in a rectangular space coordinate system, and an a axis (a printing platform swinging axis) rotating around an X axis and a C axis (a printing platform rotating axis) rotating around a Z axis are added according to the characteristics of a five-axis linkage 3D printer;
the third step: reading a triangular patch in the STL, firstly converting an STL file of the model into a point cloud model file through Meshlab software, and presenting the three-dimensional model in a point form; extracting a neutral skeleton point set of the model from the converted point cloud model data;
the fourth step: fitting a curve path between the skeleton point sets to obtain a neutral skeleton curve of the model, wherein the neutral skeleton curve is taken as an elliptical arc as an example, and a parameter equation of the fitted neutral skeleton curve of the model is as follows:
wherein, a1、b1、c1、m1、n1Is a constant, t is a parameter of the equation, t0、tnIs the range of the parameter t.
The fifth step: the concrete steps of solving the intersection point of the tangent plane and the neutral skeleton curve and the included angle between the tangent plane and the horizontal plane are as follows:
a. for x1,y1,z1Taking the derivative with respect to the parameter t, then:
b. calculating the arc length S of the neutral skeleton curve according to an arc length differential formula1:
c. And (3) averagely segmenting the neutral skeleton curve by combining with the printing precision requirement:
l1=S1/n
wherein n is the number of segments, l1Is the length of each arc;
d. and (3) solving the intersection point of the tangent plane and the neutral skeleton curve:
wherein, tiIs a parameter of the arc length from the i-th segment on the curve, S1(ti) Is the arc length from the curve up to the ith segment;
from the equation t can be foundiWill tiBy substituting the equation for the neutral skeleton curve, the intersection point of the current slice and the neutral skeleton curve, called the slice point, such as point P in FIG. 4, can be foundi:
e. And (3) calculating an included angle between the tangent plane and the horizontal plane:
according to the neutral skeleton curve equation, P is obtainediSlope k of the normal line of the pointiThe angle between the normal and the horizontal plane, i.e. the angle delta between the tangent plane and the horizontal plane, can be determinedi:
And a sixth step: the specific steps of solving the coordinates on the tangent plane parallel to the Z-axis direction and the angle of the platform C-axis needing to rotate during printing are as follows:
in this embodiment, a cross-sectional equation is taken as an ellipse equation, as shown in fig. 4, a point E is on a neutral skeleton curve, a tangent plane where the point E is located is a tangent plane parallel to the Z-axis direction, and is referred to as an E-plane, and the cross-sectional equation is as follows:
wherein, a2、b2、c2、m2、n2Is a constant, u is a parameter of the equation;
a. for x2,y2,z2Taking the derivative with respect to parameter u, then:
b. calculating the section perimeter S according to an arc length differential formula2:
c. Combined line width, mean segmentation of the arc:
m=S2/l2
wherein m is the number of segments, l2To print line width;
d. finding the coordinates on the cross section:
wherein u isjIs a parameter from the curve to the j-th arc length, S2(uj) Is the arc length from the curve to the jth segment;
from the equation u can be foundjWill ujBy substituting the section equation, the coordinates of the section, called the section point, can be obtained, e.g. the E plane in FIG. 4jPoint:
e. and (3) calculating the angle of the C shaft of the platform required to rotate during printing:
as shown in FIG. 5, u isjConversion to C-axis rotation angle theta at printingjThe conversion relationship is as follows:
the seventh step: the method for calculating the coordinates of the bent pipe on other tangent planes by rotating and translating the cross section comprises the following specific steps:
as shown in fig. 6, a line segment EM is drawn through the point E along the Z-axis direction, with the point M as the center of the circle and the EM as the radius, wherein the length of the line segment EM may be 0. Rotating the E surface around the point M by a certain angle to obtain a central point FiIn a plane, referred to as FiFlour, FiCoordinate point on the surface cross section is FijAnd (4) point. Then F is mixediThe surface is translated to PiThe plane in which the dots lie, referred to as PiFlour, PiThe coordinate point on the surface cross section is Pij;
a. The angle of the cross-section rotation is obtained, and as shown in fig. 6, it is found that:
b. find FiCross section of face FijCoordinate values of the points are determined by moving the plane E from the point M to the origin around the point M, and rotating the plane E about the X axis by gammaiAnd taking the origin of the E surface as the center, and moving the E surface from the origin to the M point by a specific solution method as follows:
c. finding PiCross section of plane PijCoordinate values of the points, i.e. coordinates of the bent pipe on the other tangent plane, FiFlour with FiPoint-centered from FiPoint moving to PiThe concrete solution is as follows:
eighth step: according to the angle of the C axis of the platform needing to rotate during printing, the coordinates of the model during printing are solved, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
as shown in FIG. 6, the elbow rotates about GH as the axis, that is, GH is C axis, and the elbow rotates about Y axis by θ about G point as the center, moving from G point to the originjAnd thirdly, moving the bent pipe from the original point to a G point by taking the original point as a center, wherein the specific solution method is as follows:
the ninth step: and generating a G code, importing the G code into a main control board of the five-axis 3D printer, and printing on the existing support. The a axis is rotated 90 before printing and the supported position is shown in figure 7.
Claims (3)
1. A3D printing method for axially printing a bent pipe based on a five-axis printing platform is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the first step is as follows: establishing a three-dimensional model of a workpiece by using computer aided design software, enabling two ends of the model to be positioned at horizontal positions as much as possible, and storing a data file in an STL format;
the second step is that: placing the model under a space rectangular coordinate system, and adding an A axis rotating around an X axis, namely a printing platform swinging axis, and a C axis rotating around a Z axis, namely a printing platform rotating axis according to the characteristics of a five-axis linkage 3D printer;
the third step: reading a triangular patch in the STL file, and extracting a neutral skeleton point set of the three-dimensional model;
the fourth step: carrying out curve fitting on the extracted neutral skeleton point set to obtain a neutral skeleton curve of the model, and expressing the obtained neutral skeleton curve by using a space coordinate equation;
the fifth step: according to the arc length of the neutral skeleton curve of the model and the printing precision requirement, segmenting the neutral skeleton curve, and calculating the intersection point of the tangent plane and the neutral skeleton curve and the included angle between the tangent plane and the horizontal plane by taking the plane perpendicular to the tangent direction of the neutral skeleton curve as the tangent plane;
and a sixth step: acquiring a point set of a section on a tangent plane according to a slicing method of the model and triangular patch data in the STL file, and acquiring a section equation through curve fitting; according to the printing line width, the coordinates of the bent pipe on the tangent plane parallel to the Z-axis direction and the angle of the C-axis of the platform needing to rotate during printing are obtained; the method specifically comprises the following steps:
the specific method for solving the coordinates of the bent pipe on the tangent plane parallel to the Z-axis direction comprises the following steps:
if the original slicing model does not have a cutting plane parallel to the Z-axis direction, adding a cutting plane parallel to the Z-axis direction; according to a section equation and an arc length differential formula, calculating the arc length of a section equation curve on the tangent plane, averagely segmenting the arc length according to the printing line width, wherein the end point of the segmentation is a point on a printing path, and then according to the arc length differential formula and the section equation, calculating the coordinates of the point and the angle of the C axis of the platform needing to rotate during printing;
the seventh step: converting the included angle between the cutting plane and the horizontal plane into the rotation angle of the section by rotating and translating the section, and solving the coordinates of the bent pipe on other cutting planes; the method specifically comprises the following steps:
the concrete method for solving the coordinates of the bent pipe on other tangent planes comprises the following steps:
rotating a known cutting plane parallel to the Z-axis direction by a certain angle to enable the rotated cutting plane to be parallel to the obtained cutting plane to obtain a group of coordinates, and translating the rotated cutting plane by a certain distance to obtain the coordinates of the bent pipe on the obtained cutting plane; or, firstly, translating a known tangent plane parallel to the Z-axis direction for a certain distance, and then rotating the tangent plane for a certain angle to obtain the coordinate of the bent pipe on the tangent plane; by using the method, the coordinates of the bent pipes on all the cutting planes are obtained;
eighth step: according to the angle of the platform C shaft needing to rotate, the coordinates of the model during printing are solved;
the ninth step: and generating a G code, importing the G code into a main control board of the five-axis 3D printer, and printing on the existing support.
2. The 3D printing method for axially printing the bent pipe based on the five-axis printing platform according to claim 1, wherein the concrete method for solving the model coordinates in the eighth printing step is as follows:
during printing, the spray head prints a path along the axial direction, the C axis of the platform rotates for an angle, and the steps are repeated until the printing is finished; one path taken by the spray head passes through a group of corresponding points on all the tangent planes, and one group of corresponding points corresponds to one rotation angle; and (4) taking the C axis as a rotation center, and carrying out coordinate conversion on the coordinate of each group of corresponding points according to the corresponding rotation angle of the corresponding points, so as to obtain the coordinate of the model during printing.
3. The 3D printing method for axially printing the bent pipe based on the five-axis printing platform according to claim 1, wherein the ninth step of generating the G code and implementing printing comprises the following specific steps:
when printing, the moving coordinate of the spray head is the coordinate obtained in the eighth step, the C-axis rotation angle is the C-axis rotation angle obtained in the sixth step, and a G code is generated; before printing, firstly, a support is installed on a platform, an A shaft of the platform is rotated by 90 degrees, and a G code is guided into a five-shaft 3D printer main control board to realize printing.
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