CN109366423A - A kind of Bolt Screw Down Method - Google Patents
A kind of Bolt Screw Down Method Download PDFInfo
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- CN109366423A CN109366423A CN201811380127.5A CN201811380127A CN109366423A CN 109366423 A CN109366423 A CN 109366423A CN 201811380127 A CN201811380127 A CN 201811380127A CN 109366423 A CN109366423 A CN 109366423A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
- B25B—TOOLS OR BENCH DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, FOR FASTENING, CONNECTING, DISENGAGING OR HOLDING
- B25B27/00—Hand tools, specially adapted for fitting together or separating parts or objects whether or not involving some deformation, not otherwise provided for
- B25B27/14—Hand tools, specially adapted for fitting together or separating parts or objects whether or not involving some deformation, not otherwise provided for for assembling objects other than by press fit or detaching same
- B25B27/143—Hand tools, specially adapted for fitting together or separating parts or objects whether or not involving some deformation, not otherwise provided for for assembling objects other than by press fit or detaching same for installing wire thread inserts or tubular threaded inserts
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Abstract
The present invention discloses a kind of Bolt Screw Down Method, compared with original bolt elastic region, torque tightens method, so that bolt can reach more stable clamping force after tightening, guarantee that the needs such as body, connecting rod attach together the assemblage precision of processing part, improve the stability and reliability of components assembly, bolt specification can be minimized under the premise of guaranteeing clamping force simultaneously, reduces engine quality, volume, pursues higher engine specific weight.
Description
Technical field
It is related to and assembles field, specifically a kind of Bolt Screw Down Method the present invention relates to engine bolt.
Background technique
Now in small bore engine designs, higher weight/power ratio all is being pursued, i.e., smaller quality volume issues more
Big power.So the Large Rigidity contrast engine of Element Design is much smaller, it is also more sensitive to the size of bolt pretightening.
Conventional stud is the bolt that the calibrated wrench method used in elastic region is tightened at present.The axial pre tightening force that this bolt generates
Because roughness, lubricating condition, the factors such as speed being tightened and being influenced extremely obvious by pair of friction components machining accuracy, lead to axial pre tightening force
It is relatively low to control precision, pretightning force dispersion is sometime up to ± 40%.When coefficient of friction is big, tightens by prescribed torque and but protect
Minimum pretightning force is not demonstrate,proved；When coefficient of friction is too small, reach regulation screw-down torque, can exceed that the yield point of bolt, occurs
Bolt plastic deformation.
As shown in Figure 1, thering is 50% torque to disappear when tightening bolt for the 50-40-10 rule schema that existing torque tightens method
Consumption has 40% consumption in the friction of screw thread in the friction of bolt end face, and only 10% torque is used to generate pretightning force.Due to
There are many influence that extraneous instability condition tightens method to torque, so implementing pretightning force control indirectly by controlling screw-down torque
Calibrated wrench method will lead to axial pre tightening force control precision it is low.
As the above analysis, 90% torque is consumed by frictional force, and only 10% torque is converted into clamping force.It is extraneous
There are many influence that instability condition tightens method to torque, may cause false torque.
As shown in Fig. 2, tightening the relationship of pretightning force and frictional force in method, as shown in Figure 2, conventional torque for existing torque
The bolt that the method for tightening uses, most torques are for overcoming frictional force, and only a small part can be converted into folder
Clamp force can only select the bolt of big specification；And it is interfered by extraneous factor, same torque, finally obtained clamping force range
It is very big, and the limitations of small bore engine can not use hydraulic tensile bolt.Therefore, the weight that need to repeatedly attach together
Position, such as main bearing hole, crank pin end pore are wanted, if tightening method using conventional torque, the clamping fluctuation meeting attached together every time
Larger, in order to reduce the influence for clamping fluctuation to part size and processing quality, needing to enhance clamped part, (such as body connects
Bar etc.) rigidity, virtually increase the weight/power ratio of engine.
Summary of the invention
In view of the drawbacks of the prior art, the present invention provides a kind of Bolt Screw Down Method, tightens bolt using torque axis horn cupping,
After rotation screw element reaches defined fitting torque, rotation screw element reaches predetermined angular, to realize the pretightning force between workpiece, makes
More stable clamping force can be reached by obtaining after bolt is tightened, and reduce influence of the external environment to bolt clamping force, while protecting
Bolt specification is minimized under the premise of card clamping force, so that the engine of design reduces quality, volume, reaches higher specific gravity
Amount.
The specific step of Bolt Screw Down Method of the present invention is: a kind of Bolt Screw Down Method uses torque axis horn cupping
Tighten bolt, comprising the following steps: S01), confirmation bolt design clamping force, the minimum grip power F of bolt yield limit pointmin
=Vσ0.2minAS {1+3[3d2d0(p/πd2+1.155UGmax)/2(d2 2+d0 2)]}-1/2, wherein V is usage factor, σ0.2minFor most
0.2% small proof stress, ASFor bolt effective sectional area, UGmaxFor maximum friction coefficient, p is screw pitch, d2For in bolt
Diameter, d3 are Minor diameter of screw, d0For bolt effective diameter, d0=(d2 + d3)/2, design clamping force are less than minimum grip power
Fmin；S02), determine that the fitting torque and corner of torque axis horn cupping, fitting torque take 30%FminWhen corresponding torque, pass through bolt
Drawing force is tested to obtain the stretching force curve of bolt, and bolt is determined on stretching force curve uses position, finds using position
Corresponding deflection and practical drawing force, and determine that the access times of bolt several times arrive bolt tension according to access times
Using the corresponding deflection in position, whether stable to verify the clamping force obtained every time, last time tensile bolt is elongated to
Position must not exceed σ2, according to use the bolt deflection of position, the effective sectional area of bolt, screw pitch come calculated torque angle method
Required rotational angle theta, the Δ of θ=360 F/(Pkb), θ is crank degree；The variable quantity of drawing force when Δ F is corner, i.e., finally
The stretching force value of point subtracts corresponding stretching force value when fitting torque, and P is screw pitch, kbFor the stiffness coefficient of bolt, kb=E·AS/
L, E are the elasticity modulus of bolt material, ASFor bolt effective sectional area, L is bolt length；S03), twisted what step S02 was obtained
Tight data carry out multiple assembling test verifying in physical part, several times measurement attach together after part size, part size and
After bolt plastic elongation amount is met the requirements, the fitting torque and corner of torque axis horn cupping are determined.
Further, the specific steps of step S03 are as follows: S31), bolt that same heat is heat-treated taken out 1 manage
Change and examine, record its yield limit, it is ensured that the yield limit of this batch of bolt within the allowable range, and measures remaining test bolt
Original length；
S32), bolt will be tested in physical part according to the step S02 fitting torque obtained and corner, utilize torque axis horn cupping
It tightens, then dismantles again, the elongation of measurement record bolt；
S33), according to the method for S32, and according to the bolt access times of calculating, which is carried out in physical part repeatedly
It stretches, measures bolt length, and record elongation each time；
S34), the curve for testing the bolt tension power in the bolt elongate amount data and step S02 of assembling test verifying
It is compareed, and the bolt length after last time test is no more than 2% than the original length elongation of the bolt, then in test
The fitting torque and corner used can be identified as the tighten data of the plastic zone torque axis horn cupping of the bolt.
Further, in step S02, determine bolt using position stretch force curve σ0.4-σ0.6Between, if spiral shell
The use of bolt is in σ0.4-σ0.5Between, then bolt can be used 4 times, if bolt uses position in σ0.5-σ0.6Between, then bolt
It can be used 3 times.
Further, in step S32, installation torque axis horn cupping needs to smear thread lubricating grease when tightening bolt and is rubbed with reducing
Wipe coefficient.
Beneficial effects of the present invention: bolt plastic zone torque axis horn cupping of the invention is twisted with original bolt elastic region torque
Tight method is compared, so that bolt can reach more stable clamping force after tightening, guarantees that the needs such as body, connecting rod attach together processing zero
The assemblage precision of part improves the stability and reliability of components assembly, while can be as far as possible under the premise of guaranteeing clamping force
Reduce bolt specification, reduces engine quality, volume, pursue higher engine specific weight.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the 50-40-10 rule schema that existing torque tightens method；
Fig. 2 is the relation schematic diagram that existing torque tightens pretightning force and frictional force in method；
Fig. 3 is the drawing force curve synoptic diagram of bolt；
Fig. 4 tightens curve synoptic diagram for bolt；
Fig. 5 is the drawing force curve synoptic diagram of drawing force test in embodiment 1；
Fig. 6 is the drawing force curve synoptic diagram of 3 drawing forces of No. 1 bolt test；
Fig. 7 is the fluctuation range schematic diagram of torque axis horn cupping and calibrated wrench method.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is further illustrated in the following with reference to the drawings and specific embodiments.
Embodiment 1
As shown in figure 3, being the stretching force curve of bolt, function of the force curve between drawing force and bolt deflection is stretched.Such as
There are a σ it is found that stretching force curve by Fig. 30.2Yield limit point is the elastic deformation area of bolt before yield limit point,
After yield limit point, be bolt plastic deformation area, in elastic deformation area, if elasticity modulus is constant, by Hooke's law F=
KX, pretightning force F is only related with bolt elongate amount X, and elongation is directly proportional to corner degree, therefore using torque axis horn cupping than single
Pure torque tightens the reduction of method influence factor, not only accurately completes the control to tightening, but also substantially increase material
Utilization rate.
As shown in figure 4, the essence of torque axis horn cupping is the elongation for controlling bolt, in elasticity for the curve of tightening of bolt
Axial pre tightening force is directly proportional to elongation in range, and control elongation is exactly to control axial force, after bolt starts plastic deformation, though
It is both so no longer proportional, as long as but mechanical property when bolt Tensile show to be maintained within a certain range, axis
It can stablize near yield load to pretightning force, it is relatively more steady.Torque axis horn cupping is that bolt is screwed onto plastic zone use, without
It is to be used in elastic region, is the available more stable pretightning force because of available bigger pretightning force (as shown in Figure 3)
(as shown in Figure 4).
The specific steps of Bolt Screw Down Method described in the present embodiment are as follows:
S01), the design clamping force of bolt yield limit point is determined.
Since the bolt of plastic zone does not meet the Hooke's law of elastic region, clamping force cannot be calculated directly by formula,
But clamping force of the bolt in yield limit position can be calculated by formula:
Plastic zone rotation angle of torque tightens the maximum clamping force of bolt:
Fmax = Vσ0.2maxAS{1+3[3d2 (p/πd2+1.155UGmin)/2d0]}-1/2
UGMin is minimized friction coefficient, and v is usage factor, ASFor bolt effective sectional area；P is screw pitch；d0It is effectively straight for bolt
Diameter (d0=(d2 + d3)/2), d2 is bolt central diameter, and d3 is Minor diameter of screw, σ0.2maxIt is answered for maximum 0.2% elastic limit
Power；
Plastic zone rotation angle of torque tightens the minimum grip power of bolt:
Fmin =Vσ0.2minAS {1+3[3d2d0(p/πd2+1.155UGmax)/2(d2 2+d0 2)]}-1/2
UGmaxIt is usage factor, σ for maximum friction coefficient v0.2minFor the smallest 0.2% proof stress.
The yield limit σ of different brackets bolt0.2It is as shown in the table respectively；
| Material properties | 8.8 | 10.9 | 12.9 |
| The smallest 0.2% proof stress [N/mm2] | 640 | 940 | 1100 |
| Maximum 0.2% proof stress [N/mm2] | 840 | 1060 | 1220 |
The design clamping force of bolt yield limit point takes less than FminValue.
S02), the fitting torque and corner of torque axis horn cupping are determined
Firstly, taking bolt yield limit point stress Fmin30% when corresponding torque be fitting torque.
Secondly, testing the corner for determining that rotation angle of torque tightens hair by bolt tension power.
As shown in figure 5, the bolt for a M22X1.5 is tested to the drawing force of stretch breaking process again from elastic region to plastic zone
The drawing force curvilinear trend of machine data, the high-strength bolt of alloy steel material is substantially identical with this.It can be seen that from figure
More than σ0.2After yield limit, there are one section of trend gradually flat straight line (in plastic zone), the clamping force right and wrong obtained within this range
Position that is often stable, reaching after to be that we are highly desirable enable bolt tighten.When bolt is drawn to σ5Position, just twisting into two parts from bolt
Point very solution approaches.Bolt tension to σ0.5(leave σ0.2Have a distance, enter the position compared with flat line) arrive σ2(
Horizontal position, and from twisting into two parts a little farther out, relatively safety) between position, be to clamp most beneficial for obtaining stable bolt
Power.For example, when we are a bolt tension to σ0.58Position, we can guarantee the bolt using three times, it is each
The clamping force arrived can be more stable, but the 4th time will be more than σ using the bolt deflection2, it is no longer safe, therefore the bolt is only
It can use three times.
For the bolt of each different size used in plastic zone, will test to obtain its bolt by drawing force
Force curve is stretched, determines that bolt uses position in stretching force curve, finds the corresponding deflection in the position and practical drawing force,
And finally determine the access times after the access times of bolt according to bolt, several times by the specification bolt stretching to identical
Deflection verifies whether the clamping force obtained every time is stable, and the position that last time tensile bolt is elongated to must not exceed σ2.Most
Afterwards, according to effective sectional area, the screw pitch of the bolt deflection of abscissa and bolt, turn required for torque axis horn cupping to calculate
Angle.Referring to following formula:
The Δ of θ=360 F/(Pkb)
θ is crank degree；
The variable quantity of drawing force when Δ F is corner, i.e. the stretching force value of maximal end point subtract corresponding stretching force value when fitting torque；
P is screw pitch；kbFor the stiffness coefficient of bolt.
Wherein kb=E·AS/ L, E are the elasticity modulus of bolt material；ASFor bolt effective sectional area；L is bolt length.
In the present embodiment, bolt using position stretch force curve σ0.4-σ0.6Between, if the use of bolt exists
σ0.4-σ0.5Between, then bolt can be used 4 times, if bolt uses position in σ0.5-σ0.6Between, then bolt can be used 3 times.
S03), assembling test is verified
The step S02 fitting torque obtained and corner are subjected to multiple assembling test test in physical part, measured several times
After part size after attaching together, part size and bolt plastic elongation amount are met the requirements, the plastic zone torque axis of the bolt is determined
The tighten data of horn cupping, i.e. fitting torque and corner.
In the present embodiment, the detailed process of assembling test in physical part are as follows:
S31), the bolt for being heat-treated same heat takes out 1 progress physical and chemical inspection, records its yield limit, and ensure this batch
The yield limit of bolt within the allowable range, and measures the original length of remaining test bolt.
S32), bolt will be tested in physical part according to the step S02 fitting torque obtained and corner, utilize torque axis
Horn cupping is tightened, and must be smeared thread lubricating grease at screw thread to reduce coefficient of friction when assembly, then be dismantled again, and measure the spiral shell
Bolt notes down elongation.
S33), according to second method, and according to the bolt access times calculated before, by the bolt in physical part
Upper carry out multi-drawing measures bolt length, and records elongation each time.
S34), the bolt tension power in the bolt elongate amount data and step S02 of assembling test verifying is tested
Curve carries out control reference.And the bolt length after last time test is no more than 2% than the original length elongation of the bolt,
The plastic zone rotation angle of torque that then fitting torque and corner can be identified as the bolt used in test tightens the tighten data of method.
Bolt plastic zone torque axis horn cupping of the invention, compared with torque tightens method with original bolt elastic region, so that bolt
More stable clamping force can be reached after tightening, guarantee that the needs such as body, connecting rod attach together the assemblage precision of processing part, improve
The stability and reliability of components assembly, while bolt specification can be minimized under the premise of guaranteeing clamping force, reduce
Engine quality, volume pursue higher engine specific weight.
As shown in fig. 7, being the fluctuation range schematic diagram of torque axis horn cupping and calibrated wrench method, verified by a large number of experiments, not
Two kinds of method and plastic zone torque axis horn cupping are tightened not in elastic region torque with (coefficient of friction 0.1 to 0.14) bolt under friction environment
The clamping force fluctuation data obtained under use together, tightening method, wherein tightening the bolt clip obtained under method in elastic region torque
Clamp force fluctuation range is ± 23%, and the bolt clamping force range obtained under the torque axis horn cupping of plastic zone is ± 11%.Data prove
Use the available more stable clamping force of the bolt of plastic zone torque axis horn cupping.
Described above is only basic principle and preferred embodiment of the invention, and those skilled in the art do according to the present invention
Improvement and replacement out, belong to the scope of protection of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of Bolt Screw Down Method, it is characterised in that: tighten bolt using torque axis horn cupping, comprising the following steps: S01), really
Recognize the design clamping force of bolt, the minimum grip power F of bolt yield limit pointmin =Vσ0.2minAS {1+3[3d2d0(p/πd2+
1.155UGmax)/2(d2 2+d0 2)]}-1/2, wherein V is usage factor, σ0.2minFor the smallest 0.2% proof stress, ASFor spiral shell
Bolt effective sectional area, UGmaxFor maximum friction coefficient, p is screw pitch, d2For bolt central diameter, d3 is Minor diameter of screw, d0It is effective for bolt
Diameter, d0=(d2 + d3)/2, design clamping force are less than minimum grip power Fmin；S02), determine that the fitting of torque axis horn cupping is turned round
Square and corner, fitting torque take 30%FminWhen corresponding torque, test to obtain the stretching force curve of bolt by bolt tension power,
Bolt is determined on stretching force curve uses position, finds using the corresponding deflection in position and practical drawing force, and determines
The access times of bolt, according to access times, several times by bolt tension to the corresponding deflection in position is used, to verify every time
Whether obtained clamping force is stable, and the position that last time tensile bolt is elongated to must not exceed σ2, according to the spiral shell for using position
Bolt deflection, the effective sectional area of bolt, screw pitch come rotational angle theta required for calculated torque angle method, the Δ of θ=360 F/(P
kb), θ is crank degree；Δ F be corner when drawing force variable quantity, i.e. the stretching force value of maximal end point subtract fitting torque when pair
The stretching force value answered, P are screw pitch, kbFor the stiffness coefficient of bolt, kb=E·AS/ L, E are the elasticity modulus of bolt material, ASFor
Bolt effective sectional area, L are bolt length；S03), the tighten data for obtaining step S02 carries out multiple in physical part
After assembling test verifying, the part size after measurement attaches together several times, part size and bolt plastic elongation amount are met the requirements, really
Determine the fitting torque and corner of torque axis horn cupping.
2. Bolt Screw Down Method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the specific steps of step S03 are as follows: S31), will
The bolt of same heat heat treatment takes out 1 progress physical and chemical inspection, records its yield limit, it is ensured that the yield limit of this batch of bolt
Within the allowable range, and the remaining original length for testing bolt is measured；
S32), bolt will be tested in physical part according to the step S02 fitting torque obtained and corner, utilize torque axis horn cupping
It tightens, then dismantles again, the elongation of measurement record bolt；
S33), according to the method for S32, and according to the bolt access times of calculating, which is carried out in physical part repeatedly
It stretches, measures bolt length, and record elongation each time；
S34), the curve for testing the bolt tension power in the bolt elongate amount data and step S02 of assembling test verifying
It is compareed, and the bolt length after last time test is no more than 2% than the original length elongation of the bolt, then in test
The fitting torque and corner used can be identified as the tighten data of the plastic zone torque axis horn cupping of the bolt.
3. Bolt Screw Down Method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: in step S02, determine bolt uses position
In the σ for stretching force curve0.4-σ0.6Between, if the use of bolt is in σ0.4-σ0.5Between, then bolt can be used 4 times, if spiral shell
Bolt uses position in σ0.5-σ0.6Between, then bolt can be used 3 times.
4. Bolt Screw Down Method according to claim 2, it is characterised in that: in step S32, installation torque axis horn cupping is tightened
It needs to smear thread lubricating grease when bolt to reduce coefficient of friction.
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| CN201811380127.5A CN109366423B (en) | 2018-11-20 | 2018-11-20 | Bolt tightening method |
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| CN201811380127.5A CN109366423B (en) | 2018-11-20 | 2018-11-20 | Bolt tightening method |
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| CN109366423B CN109366423B (en) | 2020-10-27 |
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| CN112710423A (en) * | 2020-12-24 | 2021-04-27 | 东风汽车集团有限公司 | Method for measuring and evaluating clamping force of engine key bolt after test |
| CN112729789A (en) * | 2020-12-24 | 2021-04-30 | 东风汽车集团有限公司 | Method for formulating and evaluating tightening process of plastic region of key bolt of engine |
| CN113560860A (en) * | 2020-04-28 | 2021-10-29 | 北京福田康明斯发动机有限公司 | Bolt tightening method |
| CN113758626A (en) * | 2021-08-17 | 2021-12-07 | 江苏徐工工程机械研究院有限公司 | Torque angle method tightening process parameter determination and bolt tightening method |
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| CN112710423A (en) * | 2020-12-24 | 2021-04-27 | 东风汽车集团有限公司 | Method for measuring and evaluating clamping force of engine key bolt after test |
| CN112729789A (en) * | 2020-12-24 | 2021-04-30 | 东风汽车集团有限公司 | Method for formulating and evaluating tightening process of plastic region of key bolt of engine |
| CN113758626A (en) * | 2021-08-17 | 2021-12-07 | 江苏徐工工程机械研究院有限公司 | Torque angle method tightening process parameter determination and bolt tightening method |
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| CN115091178A (en) * | 2022-03-03 | 2022-09-23 | 湖南领湃达志科技股份有限公司 | Bolt tightening torque calculation and control method |
| CN115091178B (en) * | 2022-03-03 | 2024-07-05 | 湖南领湃科技集团股份有限公司 | Bolt tightening torque calculation and control method |
| CN115070399A (en) * | 2022-06-20 | 2022-09-20 | 常州远东连杆集团有限公司 | Internal combustion engine connecting rod bolt angle turning method screwing process |
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