CN109365824B - Preparation method of 6.5 wt% high-silicon electrical steel thin-wall hollow pipe - Google Patents
Preparation method of 6.5 wt% high-silicon electrical steel thin-wall hollow pipe Download PDFInfo
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- CN109365824B CN109365824B CN201811246776.6A CN201811246776A CN109365824B CN 109365824 B CN109365824 B CN 109365824B CN 201811246776 A CN201811246776 A CN 201811246776A CN 109365824 B CN109365824 B CN 109365824B
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- 229910000976 Electrical steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910001209 Low-carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000004484 Briquette Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000748 compression moulding Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001105 martensitic stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 8
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 6
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical group [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910001004 magnetic alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 3
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007712 rapid solidification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000007740 vapor deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Alumina Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001746 injection moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004663 powder metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000750 progressive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009718 spray deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F5/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product
- B22F5/10—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product of articles with cavities or holes, not otherwise provided for in the preceding subgroups
- B22F5/106—Tube or ring forms
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/02—Compacting only
- B22F3/03—Press-moulding apparatus therefor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/02—Compacting only
- B22F3/04—Compacting only by applying fluid pressure, e.g. by cold isostatic pressing [CIP]
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/10—Sintering only
- B22F3/1003—Use of special medium during sintering, e.g. sintering aid
- B22F3/1007—Atmosphere
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
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- B22F2998/00—Supplementary information concerning processes or compositions relating to powder metallurgy
- B22F2998/10—Processes characterised by the sequence of their steps
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2999/00—Aspects linked to processes or compositions used in powder metallurgy
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Abstract
A preparation method of a 6.5 wt% high-silicon electrical steel thin-wall hollow pipe comprises the following steps: (1) designing the component proportion of the alloy material; (2) fixing a four-petal rigid outer sleeve forming die and an outer rubber sleeve thereof; (3) charging and forming are carried out according to the component proportion, so that the uniform thickness of the metal pipe blank after the powder in the die is pressed is ensured; designing the distance between the inner rubber sleeve and the rigid outer sleeve according to the actual working condition; (4) pressing and molding in a cold isostatic press; (5) demoulding the metal pipe blank, but keeping a four-petal type outer steel sleeve; (6) putting the metal pipe blank with the four-petal type outer steel sleeve obtained in the step (5) into a vacuum furnace together for sintering, and taking down the four-petal type steel sleeve after cooling to obtain a 6.5 wt% high-silicon electrical steel thin-wall hollow pipe with a smooth and flat pipe wall; according to the invention, 6.5 wt% high-silicon electrical steel hollow pipes with different specifications and different degrees of symmetry can be prepared by adjusting the space and the size between the two dies of the four-petal type double steel sleeve.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of powder metallurgy and soft magnetic alloy pipe preparation and processing, and particularly relates to a preparation method of a 6.5 wt% high-silicon electrical steel thin-wall hollow pipe.
Background
High silicon electrical steel is an important alloy material for preparing equipment such as transformers, sensors, generators, motors and the like in the telecommunication industry as a soft magnetic alloy with excellent magnetic property, and the content of silicon element in the matrix of the material is generally more than 3.5 wt% (mass fraction twt%, the same below). Among the series of soft magnetic alloys, the high silicon electrical steel sheet having a silicon element content of 6.5 wt% has the most remarkable magnetic properties, and has a magnetostriction coefficient of about zero, a high magnetic permeability, a low iron loss and the like under a high-frequency magnetic field, and thus, the high silicon electrical steel sheet becomes an ideal preparation material for using devices such as a generator, a transformer and the like under a high frequency. At present, 6.5 wt% high-silicon electrical steel is produced, processed and applied in a plate mode, and in order to widen the application of 6.5 wt% high-silicon electrical steel alloy under certain special working conditions of a high-frequency magnetic field, various section bars of the alloy material are developed. Because the alloy is remarkably brittle at room temperature and difficult to deform, a plate cannot be processed into a pipe by adopting the conventional equal-diameter scroll forming technology, and the development of a preparation and processing method of a 6.5 wt% high-silicon electrical steel thin-wall hollow pipe with short flow, high efficiency and low cost has become one of hot points of the subject in the aspect of section preparation and processing.
In recent years, with the rapid development of the electronic telecommunication industry, the frequency of the electric appliance parts made of electrical steel is increased from 50Hz to over 1000Hz, and the excellent physical properties of the 6.5 wt% high-silicon electrical steel alloy are more obvious; in addition, with the rapid development of science and technology, environmental and resource problems become more and more prominent, the demand of the society for high-silicon electrical steel alloys becomes larger, and the technology for producing high-quality high-silicon electrical steel is also required to be higher and higher. The methods for producing or producing high silicon electrical steel that have been commonly used in recent years are injection molding, vapor deposition, molten salt, rapid solidification, progressive plasticizing rolling, etc., but these methods are relatively advantageous for producing sheet materials and are difficult to process for producing sections of the alloy, such as hollow tubes. In addition, the high-silicon electrical steel is produced by spray forming and vapor deposition technology, a large amount of dust particles are generated in the production process, and the environment is seriously damaged; the molten salt method for producing the high-silicon electrical steel has no direct damage to the environment, but due to the special preparation mode of the process, the production efficiency is too low, the surface quality of the product is poor, and the subsequent leveling processing of the product is not facilitated; although the high-silicon electrical steel prepared by the rapid solidification method has little damage to the environment and higher production efficiency compared with other processes, the product has more internal defects and has limited size specification, and the magnetic performance of the product is ensured by a relatively complex heat treatment process in the following; the gradual plasticizing rolling method for producing the high-silicon electrical steel can be realized on a traditional rolling mill in China, but the method reduces the order degree of the product through proper heat treatment technology for many times in the production process so as to improve the continuous deformation processing capability of the alloy, so that the production continuity is reduced, and the production efficiency is further influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention aims to broaden the application of 6.5 wt% high-silicon electrical steel alloy under certain special working conditions of a high-frequency magnetic field, and provides a preparation method of a 6.5 wt% high-silicon electrical steel thin-wall hollow pipe, which is beneficial to the separation of a steel sleeve after sintering is completed, and a flat and smooth hollow pipe can be obtained after demoulding.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a preparation method of a 6.5 wt% high-silicon electrical steel thin-wall hollow pipe is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) designing the component proportion of the alloy material, wherein the mass percent of the low-carbon steel is 85-90%, and the mass percent of the industrial silicon briquette is 10-15%;
(2) fixing a four-petal type rigid outer sleeve forming die and an outer rubber sleeve thereof, and installing and fixing a core rigid inner sleeve and a rubber sleeve; the four-petal rigid jacket forming die is made of martensitic stainless steel, the size of each petal type die is the same, namely the central angle corresponding to each petal circular arc is a right angle; the outer and inner walls of the four-petal mould are all seamlessly attached; rubber plugs are needed at two ends of the rigid outer sleeve, the outer sides of the rubber plugs need to be smooth, and the rubber plugs are attached to a supporting plane in the preparation process to ensure the stability of the four-petal rigid outer sleeve forming die;
(3) weighing the metal powder in the step (1) according to the component proportion, then charging and forming, ensuring that the powder is compacted in the charging process, and ensuring the uniform thickness of the metal pipe blank after the powder in the die is pressed; designing the distance between the inner rubber sleeve and the rigid outer sleeve according to the actual working condition;
(4) putting the semi-finished metal pipe obtained in the step (3) into a cold isostatic press for pressing and forming, wherein the pressing pressure is 80-200 MPa;
(5) demolding the metal pipe blank finally obtained in the step (4), and reserving a four-petal type outer steel sleeve;
(6) and (3) putting the metal pipe blank with the four-petal outer steel sleeve obtained in the step (5) into a vacuum furnace for sintering, wherein the sintering atmosphere is vacuum or sintering in an atmosphere protection furnace, the sintering atmosphere is inert gas, the heating rate is 3-10 ℃/min, the sintering temperature is 1000-1250 ℃, the heat preservation is carried out for 2-5 hours, and the four-petal steel sleeve is taken down after cooling, so that the 6.5 wt% high-silicon electrical steel thin-wall hollow pipe with a smooth pipe wall is obtained.
When 6.5 wt% of the high-silicon electrical steel asymmetric outer wall hollow pipe is prepared, the method is characterized in that,
ensuring that the diameters of the rubber sleeves in the four-petal mould are the same and the rubber sleeves are concentric; adjusting the distance between the outer cylinder sleeve and the inner rubber sleeve according to the design requirement of the asymmetric outer wall, and performing compression molding in a cold isostatic press, wherein the compression pressure is 120-200 MPa; the heating rate is 6-10 ℃/min, and the sintering temperature is 1200-1450 ℃.
When 6.5 wt% of the high-silicon electrical steel asymmetric inner wall hollow pipe is prepared, the method is characterized in that,
the diameters of the outer cylinder sleeves of the four-petal die are the same and are concentric; adjusting the distance between the outer cylinder sleeve and the inner rubber sleeve according to the design requirement of the asymmetric inner wall, and performing compression molding in a cold isostatic press, wherein the compression pressure is 120-200 MPa; the heating rate is 6-10 ℃/min, and the sintering temperature is 1200-1450 ℃.
The invention has the advantages that:
1. the invention only adopts low-carbon steel and industrial silicon blocks as raw materials, has simple components and low cost, but the performance can still reach the performance characteristics of 6.5 wt% of high-silicon electrical steel through the adjustment of the process.
2. In the preparation process of the 6.5 wt% high-silicon electrical steel hollow pipe, the key preparation technology is to introduce a special-designed double-steel sleeve and double-rubber sleeve die. The inner surface of the four-petal rigid outer sleeve in the die is specially treated and is sprayed with an even alumina ceramic layer, so that the four-petal steel sleeve and a hollow tube green body are not bonded when being sintered together, the steel sleeve after being sintered can be favorably separated, and a smooth and flat hollow tube can be obtained after demoulding.
3. The space and the size between the two dies of the four-petal double-steel sleeve are adjusted, and 6.5 wt% high-silicon electrical steel hollow pipes with different specifications and different degrees of symmetry can be prepared.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an axial sectional structure diagram of a 6.5 wt% high silicon electrical steel hollow tube and its forming die.
FIG. 2 is a radial sectional structure diagram of a 6.5 wt% high silicon electrical steel hollow tube and its forming die.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below with reference to the figures and specific examples.
Example one
The embodiment comprises the following steps:
(1) designing the component proportion of the alloy material, wherein the mass percent of the low-carbon steel is 85 percent, and the mass percent of the industrial silicon briquette is 15 percent;
(2) fixing a four-petal type rigid outer sleeve forming die and an outer rubber sleeve 1 thereof, and installing and fixing a core rigid inner sleeve 5 and a rubber sleeve 4; the four-petal rigid jacket forming die is made of martensitic stainless steel, the size of each petal type die is the same, namely the central angle corresponding to each petal circular arc is a right angle; in order to better lift the die and ensure the smoothness and finish of the inner and outer walls of the processed high-silicon electrical steel hollow pipe, the outer and inner walls of the four-petal die are seamlessly attached; the two ends of the rigid outer sleeve are both required to be rubber plugs 6, the outer sides of the rubber plugs 6 are required to be flat, and the stability of the four-petal type rigid outer sleeve forming die is guaranteed by being attached to a supporting plane in the preparation process.
(3) Weighing the metal powder in the step (1) according to the component proportion, then charging and forming, ensuring that the powder is compacted in the charging process, and ensuring the uniform thickness of the metal pipe blank after the powder in the die is pressed; designing the distance between the inner rubber sleeve and the rigid outer sleeve according to the actual working condition; referring to fig. 1 and 2, two kinds of powders 3, namely low carbon steel and industrial silicon briquette, are filled in a cavity between an outer steel sleeve 2 and an inner rubber sleeve 4 of a flap type rigid outer sleeve forming die;
(4) putting the semi-finished metal pipe obtained in the step (3) into a cold isostatic press for pressing and forming, wherein the pressing pressure is 80-200 MPa;
(5) demolding the metal pipe blank finally obtained in the step (4), and reserving a four-petal type outer steel sleeve;
(6) and (3) putting the metal pipe blank with the four-petal type outer steel sleeve obtained in the step (5) into a vacuum furnace for sintering, wherein the sintering atmosphere is vacuum or sintering in an atmosphere protection furnace, the sintering atmosphere is inert gas, the heating rate is 3-10 ℃/min, the sintering temperature is 1000 ℃, the temperature is kept for 6 hours, and the four-petal type steel sleeve is taken down after cooling, so that the 6.5 wt% high-silicon electrical steel thin-wall hollow pipe with a smooth and flat pipe wall is obtained.
Example two
In order to obtain the external light type asymmetric outer wall 6.5 wt% high silicon electrical steel hollow tube, the method of the embodiment is basically the same as that of the first embodiment, but is different from the first embodiment,
(1) the mass percent of the low-carbon steel is 90 percent, and the mass percent of the industrial silicon briquette is 10 percent;
(2) ensuring that the diameters of the rubber sleeves in the four-petal mould are the same and the rubber sleeves are concentric; adjusting the distance between the outer cylinder sleeve and the inner rubber sleeve according to the design requirement of the asymmetric outer wall, performing compression molding in a cold isostatic press, and then taking out and demolding; sintering an external light type asymmetric outer wall metal hollow tube green blank with a four-petal steel sleeve in an atmosphere protection furnace, wherein the sintering temperature is 1250 ℃, the sintering atmosphere is argon, and the temperature is raised at a low speed within a specific temperature range during sintering so as to prevent a sample from cracking; finally obtaining the external light type high-silicon electrical steel hollow pipe with 6.5 wt% of asymmetric outer wall.
EXAMPLE III
In order to obtain the external light type asymmetric inner wall 6.5 wt% high silicon electrical steel hollow tube, the method of this embodiment is basically the same as that of the first embodiment, but the difference from the first embodiment is that,
(1) the mass percent of the low-carbon steel is 87 percent, and the mass percent of the industrial silicon briquette is 13 percent;
(2) the diameters of the outer cylinder sleeves of the four-petal die are the same and are concentric; adjusting the distance between the outer cylinder sleeve and the inner rubber sleeve according to the design requirement of the asymmetric inner wall, performing compression molding in a cold isostatic press, and then taking out and demolding; sintering an external light type asymmetric inner wall metal hollow tube green blank with a four-petal steel sleeve in an atmosphere protection furnace, wherein the sintering temperature is 1250 ℃, the sintering atmosphere is argon, and the temperature is raised at a low speed within a specific temperature range during sintering so as to prevent a sample from cracking; finally obtaining the external light type high-silicon electrical steel hollow pipe with 6.5 wt% of asymmetric inner wall.
Claims (3)
1. A preparation method of a 6.5 wt% high-silicon electrical steel thin-wall hollow pipe is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) according to the component proportion of the designed alloy material, the mass percent of the low-carbon steel is 90 percent, and the mass percent of the industrial silicon briquette is 10 percent;
(2) fixing a four-petal type rigid outer sleeve forming die and an outer rubber sleeve thereof, and installing and fixing a core rigid inner sleeve and a rubber sleeve; the four-petal rigid jacket forming die is made of martensitic stainless steel, the size of each petal type die is the same, namely the central angle corresponding to each petal circular arc is a right angle; the outer and inner walls of the four-petal mould are all seamlessly attached; rubber plugs are needed at two ends of the rigid outer sleeve, the outer sides of the rubber plugs need to be smooth, and the rubber plugs are attached to a supporting plane in the preparation process to ensure the stability of the four-petal rigid outer sleeve forming die;
(3) weighing the metal powder in the step (1) according to the component proportion, then charging and forming, ensuring that the powder is compacted in the charging process, and ensuring the uniform thickness of the metal pipe blank after the powder in the die is pressed; designing the distance between the inner rubber sleeve and the rigid outer sleeve according to the actual working condition;
(4) putting the semi-finished metal pipe obtained in the step (3) into a cold isostatic press for pressing and forming, wherein the pressing pressure is 200 MPa;
(5) demolding the metal pipe blank finally obtained in the step (4), and reserving a four-petal type outer steel sleeve;
(6) and (3) putting the metal pipe blank with the four-petal outer steel sleeve obtained in the step (5) into a vacuum furnace for sintering, wherein the sintering atmosphere is vacuum or sintering in an atmosphere protection furnace, the sintering atmosphere is inert gas, the heating rate is 10 ℃/min, the sintering temperature is 1250 ℃, the temperature is kept for 3 hours, and the four-petal steel sleeve is taken down after cooling, so that the 6.5 wt% high-silicon electrical steel thin-wall hollow pipe with a smooth pipe wall is obtained.
2. The method for preparing the 6.5 wt% high-silicon electrical steel thin-wall hollow pipe material according to the claim 1, characterized in that when preparing the 6.5 wt% high-silicon electrical steel asymmetric outer wall hollow pipe, the rubber sleeves in the four-petal mould are ensured to have the same diameter and be concentric; adjusting the distance between the outer cylinder sleeve and the inner rubber sleeve according to the design requirement of the asymmetric outer wall, and performing compression molding in a cold isostatic press, wherein the compression pressure is 200 MPa; the heating rate is 10 ℃/min, and the sintering temperature is 1250 ℃.
3. The method for preparing the 6.5 wt% high-silicon electrical steel thin-wall hollow pipe material according to claim 1, wherein when the 6.5 wt% high-silicon electrical steel asymmetric inner wall hollow pipe is prepared, the same diameter and concentric circle center of the outer cylinder sleeve of the four-petal mould are ensured; adjusting the distance between the outer cylinder sleeve and the inner rubber sleeve according to the design requirement of the asymmetric inner wall, and performing compression molding in a cold isostatic press, wherein the compression pressure is 200 MPa; the heating rate is 10 ℃/min, and the sintering temperature is 1250 ℃.
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