CN109365490A - A method of utilizing metallurgy and municipal solid waste preparation sintering NOx inhibitor - Google Patents
A method of utilizing metallurgy and municipal solid waste preparation sintering NOx inhibitor Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN109365490A CN109365490A CN201811494182.7A CN201811494182A CN109365490A CN 109365490 A CN109365490 A CN 109365490A CN 201811494182 A CN201811494182 A CN 201811494182A CN 109365490 A CN109365490 A CN 109365490A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- solid waste
- sintering
- metallurgy
- nox
- nox inhibitor
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE
- B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE
- B09B5/00—Operations not covered by a single other subclass or by a single other group in this subclass
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of methods using metallurgy and municipal solid waste preparation sintering NOx inhibitor.Sintering NOx inhibitor is obtained with municipal solid waste raw material by pelletizing, roasting by metallurgical solid waste.By sintering NOx inhibitor addition in fuel layer surface in Ore Sintering Process, play a part of that sintering process NOx is inhibited to generate, the discharge of NOx can be reduced, while not influencing iron ore sintering mine grade, this method provides new way for the cleaning resource utilization of metallurgy and municipal solid waste.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of sintering NOx inhibitor, and in particular to a kind of sintering using metallurgy and municipal solid waste preparation
NOx inhibitor, and its method of the sintering NOx inhibitor for sintering process reduction NOx emission.Belong to metallurgy and municipal administration is solid
(danger) useless innoxious, application technology as the second resource field.
Background technique
The publication in May, 2018 " iron and steel enterprise's minimum discharge retrofit work scheme (exposure draft) ", to iron and steel enterprise
Flue gas emission more stringent requirements are proposed, wherein the emission limit standard of NOx is adjusted downward to 50mg/m3.Compared in June, 2017
" single bulletin (the sign of 20 National Emission Standard modifications such as<steel sintering, pelletizing industrial air pollution object discharge standard>
Seek opinion original text) " 100mg/m3, major iron and steel enterprise is also numerous and confused, it is realized that simple be difficult to by active carbon end treatment
New requirement is adapted to, therefore sufficiently Sources decreasing and process control technology to be combined to reach by the coupling of multiple technologies means
Emission request, while reducing the cost and pressure of end treatment.
Correlative study shows that the generation of NOx has heating power type, fuel type and momentary type three classes, and Ore Sintering Process generates
NOx be mainly fuel type, i.e. the burning of fuel.Therefore, the generation for controlling Ore Sintering Process NOx is exactly to control fuel combustion
The generation of process NOx.Currently, reducing the mode that fuel combustion generates NOx mainly has the substitution of biomass carbon, is sintered the tune of basicity
The control of whole, lime stone and coke fines size and coke powder are modified.
Metallurgical dust sludge is steel and the problem that coloured industry faces under new Environmental Protection Situation, and metallurgical dust sludge yield is big, group
It constrains its large scale processing at complicated characteristic to utilize, therefore at present mostly based on stockpiling.For iron containing metallurgical dirt mud, one
As iron content it is higher, a large amount of stockpilings cause the waste of resource and the pollution of environment, therefore the technology hand of exploitation scaleization processing
Section, which utilizes iron therein separation, has suitable market prospects.
The fast development of social economy brings the surge of municipal solid rubbish, and effective processing mode is to burn
Based on, but the processing of incineration ashes at present rests essentially within solidification landfill level, has still occupied a large amount of soils, polluted ring
Border, and the risk of secondary release is still remained, this has deviated from burning disposal decrement, the original intention of volume reduction, therefore how innoxious
Realize that resource utilization is that more have realistic meaning on the basis of processing municipal solid rubbish.
Summary of the invention
For the NOx abatement of Ore Sintering Process in the prior art, the first purpose of this invention
It is to be to provide a kind of sintering NOx inhibitor, sintering NOx inhibitor is on the basis of no reduction sinter Iron grade, also
Its contact and distribution with fuel is effectively improved, the emission reduction of sintering process NOx is enhanced.
Second object of the present invention is to be to provide a kind of preparation method for being sintered NOx inhibitor, and this method is sufficiently sharp
With metallurgy and municipal solid waste raw material, the cleaning preparation of sintering NOx inhibitor is realized, be mass disposal metallurgy and municipal solid waste
Resource utilization is cooperateed with to provide new way, and this method is easy to operate, cost of material is low, is good for the environment, and meets extensive raw
It produces and requires.
Third object of the present invention is to be to provide a kind of application for being sintered NOx inhibitor, then in Ore Sintering Process,
It is added in fuel surface layer, the emission reduction of the intensified-sintered process NOx of energy, while not being influenced sinter Iron grade.
To achieve the goals above, metallurgy and municipal solid waste preparation sintering NOx inhibitor are utilized the present invention provides a kind of
Method, this method is by metallurgical solid waste and municipal solid waste and water mixed pelletizing, and gained ball material is successively by dry, roasting, cold
But, grind to get.
The present invention is constructive ways and inhibition form based on sintering NOx, in conjunction with the chemical composition of metallurgy and municipal solid waste
Characteristic proposes to couple the ion dust mud contaning in metallurgical solid waste with the calcic dust in municipal solid waste, preparation sintering NOx inhibitor,
Preparation process cleans, efficiently, realizes the collaboration resource utilization of two class solid wastes.
It is 0.7~1.2, SiO that preferred scheme, metallurgical solid waste and municipal solid waste and water, which press Ca/Fe molar ratio,2Content is not high
In 5wt%, Al2O3Content is not higher than 2wt%, and moisture content is that 13~15wt% carries out ingredient.Al2O3Too high levels to melt
During change melt temperature increase, it is suppressed that the precipitation of unidirectionally extended type Ca-Fe substratess matter, at the same generate stomata quantity and
Size increases, but also the Ca-Fe substratess matter shape generated becomes irregular.Moisture is excessively high, leads to bead burst temperature of pelletizing
It reduces, is unfavorable for high temperature and rapid drying；Moisture is too low, is unfavorable for the cooperation balling-up of two class solid wastes.
Preferred scheme, the metallurgy solid waste include the ion dust mud contaning that iron content is higher than 45wt%.Specifically metallurgy is solid
The useless main ion dust mud contaning etc. generated including steel manufacture process and Nonferrous Metallurgical Process.They are that iron content is higher secondary
Resource, granularmetric composition difference are big, it is difficult to individually processing.
Preferred scheme, the municipal administration solid waste include the solid waste that calcium content is higher than 30wt%.Including waste incineration
Difficult (dangerous solid) solid waste such as flying dust, Desulphurization, flyash.
Preferred scheme, the partial size of the ball material are 10~12mm.
Preferred scheme, the condition of the roasting are as follows: be warming up to 1100 DEG C~1300 DEG C with 300~400 DEG C/min, roasting
15min~60min.The roasting is mainly realized using industrial microwave oven or rotary kiln；Preferentially use industrial microwave oven, Ke Yishi
It is now rapidly heated, is conducive to organic pollutant fast degradation, avoid the secondary generation of organic pollutant.By in high-temperature calcination process
Harmful substance is degraded, and valuable dust volatilizees and goes out, and is purified with wet separation.
Preferred scheme, the cooling procedure is cooling using cooling mode, roasts ball material with the speed of 60~120 DEG C/min
Carry out chilling.The secondary generation that organic pollutant can be prevented by chilling advantageously forms the Ca-Fe base NOx of high-purity
Inhibitor.
Preferred scheme, the process of lapping are that will roast ball abrasive lapping to granularity in 5 μm~50 μ ms.It obtains
The Ca-Fe microcosmic microstructure of base NOx inhibitor is needle column, and homogeneous grain diameter, large specific surface area can adhere well to fuel bed
Surface, and adsorption effect is good, activity is high.
Preferred scheme, the water be mainly generated in external supplement water and valuable dust separation extraction process it is useless
Water, based on addition form is sprayed with spray water, effect is to avoid mixed process from generating fugitive dust and be conducive to subsequent forming.
Preferred scheme, material mixed process use strength hybrid mode, and the intensive mixer of use refers to sealing
The vertical or horizontal intensive mixer of door can effectively avoid fugitive dust while mixing material.
Preferred scheme, material balling process be primarily referred to as in ceramic-lined roll squeezer or pelletizing disk at
Type, granule size control is in 10~12mm, wherein ceramic-lined application is conducive to demoulding or avoids sticking to the pan.
Preferred scheme, ball material is dry to be primarily referred to as form ball material and sufficiently dries under 100 DEG C~400 DEG C of hot wind.
The present invention also provides a kind of sintering NOx inhibitor, are prepared by the method.
Preferred scheme, sintering NOx inhibitor addition is on sintering fuel surface layer for reducing the row of NOx in sintering process
It puts.
Preferred scheme, sintering NOx inhibitor, on sintering fuel surface layer, are sintered NOx suppression by spraying method even application
Addition mass content of the preparation on sintering fuel surface layer is 5%~15%.Spraying method is cold spraying, refers to and utilizes compressed air
Accelerate NOx inhibitor particle, matrix surface, firm attachment can be attacked directly.
Preferred scheme, the sintering fuel is predominantly without fire coal, coke powder etc..
In conventional sintering process, due to the limitation of normal sintering granulation, contact, distribution of the fuel with raw material exist
Inhomogeneities, fuel is difficult to be wrapped completely, therefore emission reduction effect is limited.And technical solution of the present invention inhibits Ca-Fe base NOx
Agent even application, not only without reducing sinter Iron grade, also effectively improves inhibitor and fuel on the surface layer of fuel pellet
Contact and distribution, enhance the emission reduction of sintering process NOx.
Compared with prior art, it is the advantages of technical solution of the present invention:
(1) present invention has prepared the height of the NOx abatement suitable for sintering process using metallurgy and municipal solid waste etc. for the first time
Quality Ca-Fe base NOx inhibitor, realizes the resource utilization of solid waste, is good for the environment；
(2) present invention is using being rapidly heated means, the organic pollutant in two class solid waste of fully degraded, simultaneously
Rapid cooling avoids the secondary generation of some organic pollutants, realizes cleaning for inhibitor preparation process；
(3) present invention is uniform, good by Ca-Fe base NOx inhibitor is attached to sintering fuel surface layer, can be well
Inhibit the generation of sintering fuel combustion process NOx, and Ca-Fe base NOx inhibitor does not influence grade of sinter.
(4) Ca-Fe base NOx inhibitor preparation process of the invention is simple, at low cost and environmentally protective, is conducive to industry
Metaplasia produces.
In conclusion the present invention provides for the harmless treatment of metallurgy and municipal solid waste these two types solid waste and resource utilization
New paragon is sintered NOx inhibitor for clean manufacturing and provides new approaches, is high-quality Ca-Fe base NOx inhibitor in sintering
Application provide new method, have great environment protection significance.
Specific embodiment
To facilitate the understanding of the present invention, present invention work is more comprehensively meticulously described below in conjunction with preferred embodiment,
But the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the following specific embodiments.
Unless otherwise defined, all technical terms used hereinafter and the normally understood meaning of those skilled in the art
It is identical.Technical term used herein is intended merely to the purpose of description specific embodiment, is not intended to the limitation present invention
Protection scope.
Except there is a special instruction, the various reagents used in the present invention, raw material be can commodity commercially or
Person can the product as made from well known method.
Embodiment 1:
Become TFe 57.05%, SiO using main group2The mixture of 5.31%, MgO 1.8%, basicity 1.95 carry out
Normal sintering, NOx emission maximum concentration are 349mg/m3。
Embodiment 2:
Metallurgy and municipal solid waste cleaning preparation sintering NOx inhibitor and its application method, by iron containing metallurgical dirt mud and high calcium
Municipal solid waste is configured to Iron grade 52%, Ca/Fe 0.7, is made the bead that granularity is 12mm, and in 100 DEG C of dry 60min,
The bead after drying completely is warming up under the conditions of 1300 DEG C with 400 DEG C/min heating rate again and roasts 15min, after the completion of roasting
With the cooling velocity rapid cooling of 120 DEG C/min, Ca-Fe base solid roasting product is obtained, which grinds through paint grinder mill
After 10min, average particle size group becomes 45 μm, using spray-painting gun by powdered form NOx inhibitor even application in sintering fuel table
Layer, spray dosage are the 5% of fuel mass, then participate in sintering, and NOx emission maximum concentration is 285mg/m3, relatively it is not added with inhibition
18.3% is reduced when agent.
Embodiment 3:
Metallurgy and municipal solid waste cleaning preparation sintering NOx inhibitor and its application method, by iron containing metallurgical dirt mud and high calcium
Municipal solid waste is configured to Iron grade 47%, Ca/Fe 1.2, the bead that granularity is 10mm is made, and in 400 DEG C of dry 20min,
The bead after drying completely is warming up to 300 DEG C/min heating rate again and roasts 60min under the conditions of 1100 DEG C, roasting is completed
Afterwards with the cooling velocity rapid cooling of 60 DEG C/min, Ca-Fe base solid roasting product is obtained, which grinds through paint grinder mill
After 15min, average particle size group becomes 45 μm, using spray-painting gun by powdered form NOx inhibitor even application in sintering fuel table
Layer, spray dosage are the 15% of fuel mass, then participate in sintering, and NOx emission maximum concentration is 249mg/m3, relatively it is not added with inhibition
28.7% is reduced when agent.
Embodiment 4:
Metallurgy and municipal solid waste cleaning preparation sintering NOx inhibitor and its application method, by iron containing metallurgical dirt mud and high calcium
Municipal solid waste is configured to Iron grade 47%, Ca/Fe 0.5, the bead that granularity is 10mm is made, and in 400 DEG C of dry 20min,
The bead after drying completely is warming up under the conditions of 1100 DEG C with 300 DEG C/min heating rate again and roasts 60min, after the completion of roasting
With the cooling velocity rapid cooling of 60 DEG C/min, Ca-Fe base solid roasting product is obtained, which grinds through paint grinder mill
After 15min, average particle size group becomes 45 μm, using spray-painting gun by powdered form NOx inhibitor even application in sintering fuel table
Layer, spray dosage are the 15% of fuel mass, then participate in sintering, and NOx emission maximum concentration is 320mg/m3, relatively it is not added with inhibition
8.3% is reduced when agent, less than 10%, economic serviceability is poor.
Embodiment 5
Metallurgy and municipal solid waste cleaning preparation sintering NOx inhibitor and its application method, by iron containing metallurgical dirt mud and high calcium
Municipal solid waste is configured to Iron grade 47%, Ca/Fe 1.5, the bead that granularity is 10mm is made, and in 400 DEG C of dry 20min,
The bead after drying completely is warming up under the conditions of 1100 DEG C with 400 DEG C/min heating rate again and roasts 60min, after the completion of roasting
With the cooling velocity rapid cooling of 60 DEG C/min, Ca-Fe base solid roasting product is obtained, which grinds through paint grinder mill
After 15min, average particle size group becomes 45 μm, using spray-painting gun by powdered form NOx inhibitor even application in sintering fuel table
Layer, spray dosage are the 15% of fuel mass, then participate in sintering, and NOx emission maximum concentration is 323mg/m3, relatively it is not added with inhibition
7.5% is reduced when agent, less than 10%, economic serviceability is poor.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of method using metallurgy and municipal solid waste preparation sintering NOx inhibitor, it is characterised in that: by metallurgical solid waste and city
Political affairs solid waste and water mixed pelletizing, gained ball material successively by dry, roasting, it is cooling, grind to get.
2. a kind of method using metallurgy and municipal solid waste preparation sintering NOx inhibitor according to claim 1, feature
Be: metallurgical solid waste is 0.7~1.2, SiO by Ca/Fe molar ratio with municipal solid waste and water2Content is not higher than 5wt%, Al2O3Contain
Amount is not higher than 2wt%, and moisture content is that 13~15wt% carries out ingredient.
3. a kind of method using metallurgy and municipal solid waste preparation sintering NOx inhibitor according to claim 2, feature
It is:
The metallurgy solid waste includes the ion dust mud contaning that iron content is higher than 45wt%；
The municipal administration solid waste includes the solid waste that calcium content is higher than 30wt%.
4. a kind of method using metallurgy and municipal solid waste preparation sintering NOx inhibitor according to claim 1, feature
Be: the partial size of the ball material is 10~12mm.
5. a kind of side using metallurgy and municipal solid waste preparation sintering NOx inhibitor according to any one of claims 1 to 4
Method, it is characterised in that: the condition of the roasting are as follows: be warming up to 1100 DEG C~1300 DEG C with 300~400 DEG C/min, roast 15min
~60min.
6. a kind of method using metallurgy and municipal solid waste preparation sintering NOx inhibitor according to claim 1, feature
Be: the cooling procedure is cooling using cooling mode, roasts ball material with the speed of 60~120 DEG C/min and carries out chilling.
7. a kind of method using metallurgy and municipal solid waste preparation sintering NOx inhibitor according to claim 1, feature
Be: the process of lapping is that will roast ball abrasive lapping to granularity in 5 μm~50 μ ms.
8. a kind of sintering NOx inhibitor, it is characterised in that: be prepared by the described in any item methods of claim 1~7.
9. a kind of application for being sintered NOx inhibitor according to any one of claims 8, it is characterised in that: addition is used on sintering fuel surface layer
In the discharge for reducing NOx in sintering process.
10. a kind of application for being sintered NOx inhibitor according to claim 8, it is characterised in that: sintering NOx inhibitor is logical
Spraying method even application is crossed on sintering fuel surface layer, being sintered addition mass content of the NOx inhibitor on sintering fuel surface layer is
5%~15%.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201811494182.7A CN109365490B (en) | 2018-12-07 | 2018-12-07 | Method for preparing sintering NOx inhibitor by utilizing metallurgy and municipal solid wastes |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201811494182.7A CN109365490B (en) | 2018-12-07 | 2018-12-07 | Method for preparing sintering NOx inhibitor by utilizing metallurgy and municipal solid wastes |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN109365490A true CN109365490A (en) | 2019-02-22 |
| CN109365490B CN109365490B (en) | 2020-08-25 |
Family
ID=65372714
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201811494182.7A Active CN109365490B (en) | 2018-12-07 | 2018-12-07 | Method for preparing sintering NOx inhibitor by utilizing metallurgy and municipal solid wastes |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN109365490B (en) |
Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH0860257A (en) * | 1994-08-12 | 1996-03-05 | Kobe Steel Ltd | Method for operating iron ore sintering machine |
| CN101717853A (en) * | 2009-12-16 | 2010-06-02 | 首钢总公司 | Method for preparing sintered mixture from municipal sludge and ferrous iron containing metallurgical dust |
| CN102534199A (en) * | 2012-01-18 | 2012-07-04 | 中南大学 | Comprehensive utilization process of zinc-containing iron dust |
| CN105543471A (en) * | 2016-02-01 | 2016-05-04 | 中南大学 | Nitric oxide (NOx) control method based on inhibiting fuel nitrogen conversion during iron ore sintering process |
| CN106964637A (en) * | 2017-05-12 | 2017-07-21 | 中南大学 | A kind of garbage flying ash and metallurgical dust recycling cleaning treatment technique |
| CN108823402A (en) * | 2018-05-28 | 2018-11-16 | 安徽工业大学 | One kind is for emission reduction NO in sintering processXMethod for mixing |
-
2018
- 2018-12-07 CN CN201811494182.7A patent/CN109365490B/en active Active
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH0860257A (en) * | 1994-08-12 | 1996-03-05 | Kobe Steel Ltd | Method for operating iron ore sintering machine |
| CN101717853A (en) * | 2009-12-16 | 2010-06-02 | 首钢总公司 | Method for preparing sintered mixture from municipal sludge and ferrous iron containing metallurgical dust |
| CN102534199A (en) * | 2012-01-18 | 2012-07-04 | 中南大学 | Comprehensive utilization process of zinc-containing iron dust |
| CN105543471A (en) * | 2016-02-01 | 2016-05-04 | 中南大学 | Nitric oxide (NOx) control method based on inhibiting fuel nitrogen conversion during iron ore sintering process |
| CN106964637A (en) * | 2017-05-12 | 2017-07-21 | 中南大学 | A kind of garbage flying ash and metallurgical dust recycling cleaning treatment technique |
| CN108823402A (en) * | 2018-05-28 | 2018-11-16 | 安徽工业大学 | One kind is for emission reduction NO in sintering processXMethod for mixing |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN109365490B (en) | 2020-08-25 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN107159678B (en) | The control of dioxins method of agglomeration for iron mine collaboration processing garbage flying ash process | |
| CN102206091B (en) | Method for making ceramsite by using sludge | |
| CN109404916B (en) | High-temperature melting harmless treatment process for waste incineration fly ash | |
| CN105712739B (en) | Magnetic biological ceramsite prepared from waste incineration fly ash and preparation method thereof | |
| CN104512988A (en) | Method for treating heavy metal sludge by using stainless steel molten slag | |
| CN106964637B (en) | A kind of garbage flying ash and metallurgical dust recycling cleaning treatment technique | |
| JP2022508878A (en) | Pre-chlorination-sintering process for high chlorine metallurgical waste and incinerator fly ash | |
| CN107287414A (en) | A kind of raw material for reducing agglomeration for iron mine NOx emission is prepared and sintering method | |
| CN106587765A (en) | Method for preparing ceramsites and ceramsites prepared by method | |
| CN111777344B (en) | Method for treating waste incineration fly ash as admixture by cooperation of cement kiln | |
| CN111675549A (en) | Resource utilization method of hexavalent chromium contaminated soil | |
| CN110104979A (en) | A method of gangue lightweight aggregate is prepared using belt sintering | |
| CN105112583B (en) | A kind of method for allocating State of Blast Furnace past raising coal combustion rate in injection coal into | |
| KR100921691B1 (en) | The solid fuel manufacture method of organic wastes and device | |
| CN106396719A (en) | Method for producing ceramsite by using blast furnace slags | |
| CN106587840B (en) | The preparation method of converter slag baking-free ceramicite | |
| CN109365490A (en) | A method of utilizing metallurgy and municipal solid waste preparation sintering NOx inhibitor | |
| CN110683776A (en) | Method for treating polluted soil by co-processing of cement kilns | |
| CN106630698A (en) | Carbide slag-based cement co-production process | |
| CN109627016A (en) | A kind of Circulating Fluidized Bed Ash haydites of book structure and preparation method thereof | |
| CN112725616B (en) | Method for reducing emission of sintering flue gas pollutants by utilizing SCR (selective catalytic reduction) containing waste catalyst pellets | |
| CN105042600B (en) | Garbage power plant lime-ash, medical heavy metal in incineration ash, the processing method of dioxin | |
| CN114951249A (en) | Method for cooperatively treating heavy metal polluted soil containing zinc, chromium and the like by using rotary kiln | |
| CN104232241B (en) | A kind of additive for fire coal and preparation method thereof | |
| CN114349477A (en) | Detoxification formula with high chromium slag amount and process for producing synergistic light aggregate |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |