CN109362649A - 一种提高地方猪猪肉产量的杂交生产方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种提高地方猪猪肉产量的杂交生产方法,所述方法包括以杜洛克猪为父本、梅花星为母本进行杂交,培育出的杜×梅杂交一代猪,结果显示:可提高日增重和饲料转化效率;胴体性状好、产肉性能优:屠宰率为71.43±0.99%,瘦肉率54.57±0.78%,胴体长94.07±2.89cm,胴体重72.03±1.39kg,眼肌面积33.13±2.07cm2,平均背膘厚26.13±0.55mm,杜梅瘦肉率为54.57±0.78%,比巴梅、梅梅分别提高5.8%和6.4%,表明杜洛克猪作为父本杂交,可以改善梅花星猪的产肉性能,提高其瘦肉率,可明显提高地方猪的生长速度和缩短入市时间。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及猪肉的杂交生产方法技术领域,尤其涉及一种提高地方猪猪肉 产量的杂交生产方法。
背景技术
梅花星猪是湖北省优良的地方猪(阳新猪)的一个类群,产于鄂东南长江 两岸的滨湖平原和低山丘陵地区,中心产区在阳新县及黄梅县等地,具有性成 熟早,抗逆性强,性情温顺,耐粗饲等优点,并于2014年列入国家保种计划中。
随着人们对安全、健康、绿色、生态食品的关注,猪肉消费也呈多元化消 费趋势,人们不仅需要瘦肉较多的“洋三元”猪肉,还要求肌内脂肪含量较高、 并含一定地方猪血统比例“土二元”、“土三元”猪肉,更加关注猪肉的健康 营养以及风味口感,土猪肉消费呈“理性回归”。目前,我国规模猪场仍然普 遍利用杜长大三元杂交生产瘦肉型猪,难以满足居民多元化消费需求。为迎合 市场经济“新常态”竞争趋势,迫切需要开发利用中国地方猪资源,并将地方 猪与外来猪资源有机结合,达到共赢。
当前我国地方猪普遍存在生长速度慢,饲养周期长,其产量难以满足日益 增长的市场需求问题。因此,为了提高地方猪的产肉性能,本试验以梅花星猪 纯种为试验对照,分别比较相同饲养水平和饲养环境下,杜梅、巴梅二元杂交 商品猪的生长育肥性能,探讨梅花星猪杂交利用效果,开发满足市场需求的梅 花星杂优商品猪,进一步提高商品附加值,不仅有效促进梅花星猪种质资源保 护与利用,而且满足地方猪猪肉消费多元化需求,意义重大。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服现有技术之缺陷,提供了一种提高地方猪猪肉产量 的杂交生产方法-以杜洛克猪为父本与梅花星为母本进行杂交产出杜×梅杂交一 代猪,可提高梅花星猪的日增重和饲料转化效率,改善了其屠宰率、瘦肉率、 眼肌面积,提高了梅花星猪的产肉性能,可明显提高地方猪的生长速度、缩短 入市时间。
本发明是这样实现的:
本发明目的之一在于提供一种提高地方猪猪肉产量的杂交生产方法,所述 方法包括以杜洛克猪为父本与梅花星为母本进行杂交产出杜×梅杂交一代猪。
优选地,所述的杜洛克猪为美系杜洛克猪,公猪选择标准为:6月龄体重 115-125kg,体长130-135cm,体高65-68cm,胸围90-95cm。
优选地,所述的杜洛克猪的体型外貌选择标准为:被毛棕红或黑灰色,耳 半立前倾,允许少量黑斑,头颈轻秀,背线平直或微弓,体长,肚腹较小,腿 臀丰满,前躯宽深,肢蹄结实,体质强健,无畸形及遗传缺陷发育。
优选地,所述的梅花星作为母本选择标准为:成年梅花星母猪(24月以上) 其体尺性状为:体重107.50±2.30kg,体长98.00±0.96cm,体高60.00±0.15cm、 胸围123.00±0.94cm;6月龄梅花星母猪体尺性状为:体重59.97±2.25kg,体长 99.50±1.02cm,体高50.81±0.11cm,胸围87.38±0.89cm。
优选地,所述的梅花星作为母本的体型外貌选择标准为:全身被毛稀疏, 且为黑毛。背腰微凹,腹大、不拖地,臀斜;乳头间距正常,乳房结构合理, 乳腺发育良好。梅花星猪其头小长而窄,嘴筒长、口叉深,耳比阳新猪“狮子头” 小,额部皱纹少而浅,由此得名“象鼻头”猪。因其额部有一小撮类似梅花状白毛, 故又称之“梅花星猪”。四肢粗壮,有少量皱褶。蹄质坚硬,蹄部较宽。前肢直立, 后肢稍微弯曲。部分四肢下端有白毛,又得名“四爪白”。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有如下优点和效果:
杜梅组合可明显提高地方猪的生长速度和缩短入市时间,具体地:
1、整个试验周期中,全程(15-100kg)平均日增重杜梅>巴梅>梅梅,且 各组之间差异极显著(P<0.01),杜梅组合全程平均日增重最高,为576.11±6.69g, 梅梅纯种组合全程平均日增重最低,为501.34±9.17g,杜梅、巴梅分别比纯种提 高14.91%和7.38%。
2、通过屠宰测定各项指标分析比较,发现杜梅组合的胴体性状在三个组合 中最优,其胴体长94.07±2.89cm,胴体重为72.03±1.39kg,屠宰率为 71.43±0.99%%,眼肌面积为33.13±2.07cm2,平均背膘厚为26.13±0.55mm,表明 杜梅杂交猪较好地继承了杜洛克体型大、生长发育快的优点;杜梅瘦肉率为 54.57%,比巴梅、梅梅分别提高5.8%和6.4%,表明杜洛克猪作为父本杂交,可 以改善梅花星猪的产肉性能,提高其瘦肉率。
具体实施方式
一、材料与方法
1、试验时间与地点
本试验于2016年4月至11月,在黄梅县强立畜牧有限公司梅花星猪保种 场进行。
2、饲养试验设计
釆用单因子设计,经随机抽样法挑选来源清楚、外形一致、发育正常、健 康良好、无遗传缺陷、公母各半(约15kg体重,公猪去势)的梅花星纯种猪后 代、杜洛克×梅花星杂交后代、巴克夏×梅花星杂交后代,各50头,总计150头, 分三组(梅梅、杜梅、巴梅),每组5个重复,每个重复10头猪,分栏饲养
表1试验猪群选择与分组
需要说明的是,巴梅组合作为对照组,所述的巴克夏猪作为父本选择标准 为:6月龄体重115-125kg,体长130-135cm,体高65-68cm,胸围90-95cm。 所述的巴克夏猪作为父本的体型外貌选择标准为:现代美系巴克夏猪头较长, 嘴筒较平直而前伸,宽肩厚颈,肩颈肌肉发达,筒状腰背充实宽厚,背中线平 直修长,腰紧腹实,浑圆厚重,腹丰满而决无下垂,四肢浑圆、厚实、健壮。 无畸形及遗传缺陷发育。
3、试验猪饲养日粮配方
根据育肥猪不同阶段,设计(育肥前期15-30kg,育肥中期30-60kg,育肥 后期60-100kg)三个阶段的配方饲料。试验日粮采用以农家料(玉米、豆粕、 麸皮、米糠等)为基础,在营养水平基本一致情况下,进行饲养比较试验,详 见下表2。
表2不同生长阶段试验猪饲养日粮配方
备注:饲料配比参考NY/T 65-2004猪饲养标准。每克微量元素中含有铜20mg,铁150mg,锰43mg, 锌120mg,硒0.5mg,碘2.0mg;每克复合维生素含有维生素A45000IU,维生素D310000IU,维生素E80mg,维 生素K310mg,维生素B110mg,维生素B225mg,维生素B610mg,维生素B120.08mg,泛酸50mg,烟酰胺100mg, 叶酸5mg,生物素0.5mg.
4、试验猪饲养管理
试验猪在正式进入试验前,有1周预试期,完成适应性转栏分组、健康免 疫驱虫、挂牌标识、现场记录等。1周后,开始进行称重、更换试验饲料,在各 栏条件一致情况下,由专人饲养,每日饲喂三次,以栏计料。栏圈日做两次清 洁卫生,以人工干清粪为主。在每个阶段试验开始和结束时,试验猪禁食12h 称重。并以重复为单位,计算各阶段及全期平均日增重、饲料转化率以及健康 记录等。
5、屠宰及肉质指标测定
(1)屠宰猪选择
从饲养试验猪群中选择体重接近(100kg)、发育正常、健康的试验猪进行 屠宰测定,每个组合选择15头(8母,7阉公),共计45头。屠宰及检测地点: 农业部种猪质量监督检验测试中心(武汉)。
(2)屠宰测定的主要指标
生长育肥性能指标:平均日增重和料重比。
胴体性状指标:胴体重、胴体长、屠宰率、平均背膘厚、眼肌面积、皮率、 骨率、瘦肉率、肥肉率等。
二、结果
数据统计分析:试验数据使用Microsoft Excel进行初步输入处理和SPSS 16.0软件进行单因素方差分析,用最小显著差数法(LSD)及Duncan法对数据 进行多重比较,试验结果以平均数和标准误(Mean±SE)表示,以P<0.05,P<0.01 表示显著性。
1、梅花星猪不同杂交组合生长育肥性能比较
表3梅花星猪不同杂交组合平均日增重
注:表中数据为“平均值±标准误”。同列数据肩标有相同字母表示差异不显著(P>0.05);有不同小 写字母“a”和“b”表示差异显著(P<0.05);不同大写字母“A”、“B”、“C”表示差异极显著(P<0.01)。 下同。
由表3分析可知:三个组合不同生长阶段(15-30kg、30-60kg、60-100kg) 平均日增重均为杜梅>巴梅>梅梅,且杜梅和梅梅相比差异显著(P<0.05),杜 梅和巴梅差异不显著(P>0.05),巴梅和梅梅差异不显著(P>0.05)。整个试验 周期中,全程(15-100kg)平均日增重杜梅>巴梅>梅梅,且各组之间差异极显 著(P<0.01),杜梅组合全程平均日增重最高,为576.11±6.69g,梅梅纯种组合 全程平均日增重最低,为501.34±9.17g,杜梅、巴梅分别比纯种提高14.91%和 7.38%。
2、料重比
表4梅花星猪不同杂交组合料重比
由表4分析可知:育肥前期(15-30kg)生长阶段,料重比为梅梅>巴梅> 杜梅,且梅梅较杜梅差异显著(P<0.05),巴梅较梅梅、杜梅差异均不显著 (P>0.05)。育肥中后期(30-60kg、30-60kg)生长阶段,料重比均为梅梅>杜 梅>巴梅,且梅梅较其它两个组合差异显著(P<0.05),而杜梅和巴梅之间差异 不显著(P>0.05)。试验全程料重比为梅梅>巴梅>杜梅,且梅梅较其它两个组 合差异极显著(P<0.01),表明梅梅组合纯种猪相对其它两组合,增重慢、耗料 大,饲料报酬相对较低。
3、梅花星猪不同杂交组合屠宰性能比较
表5梅花星猪不同杂交组合胴体性状比较
注:表中数据为“平均值±标准误”。同行数据肩标有相同字母表示差异不显著(P>0.05);有不同小 写字母“a”和“b”表示差异显著(P<0.05);不同大写字母“A”、“B”、“C”表示差异极显著(P<0.01)。
由表5数据分析得知:
本试验通过屠宰测定各项指标分析比较,发现杜梅组合的胴体性状在三个 组合中最优,其胴体长94.07±2.89cm,胴体重为72.03±1.39kg,屠宰率为 71.43±0.99%,眼肌面积为33.13±2.07cm2,平均背膘厚为26.13±0.55mm,表明 杜梅杂交猪较好地继承了杜洛克体型大、生长发育快的优点;杜梅瘦肉率为 54.57±0.78%,比巴梅、梅梅分别提高5.8%和6.4%,表明杜洛克猪作为父本杂 交,可以改善梅花星猪的产肉性能,提高其瘦肉率。
三、结论
1、通过阳新猪梅花星猪梅梅、杜梅、巴梅三个组合生长育肥性能比较分析 得出,杜梅组合猪在日增重和饲料转化效率上更具优势。
2、通过对三个组合屠宰测定各项指标分析,得出杜梅组合胴体性状最优, 改善了地方猪的屠宰率、瘦肉率、眼肌面积,提高了梅花星猪的产肉性能,从 而可明显提高地方猪的生长速度和缩短入市时间。生产实践中如果要提高地方 猪的生长速度和缩短入市时间,可以选择杜洛克做终端父本。
所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已,并不用以限制本发明,凡在本发明的 精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包括在本发明的 保护范围之内。
Claims (3)
1.一种提高地方猪猪肉产量的杂交生产方法,其特征在于,所述方法包括以杜洛克猪为父本与梅花星为母本进行杂交产出杜×梅杂交一代猪。
2.如权利要求1所述的提高地方猪猪肉产量的杂交生产方法,其特征在于,所述的杜洛克猪为美系杜洛克猪,公猪选择标准为:6月龄体重115-125kg,体长130-135cm,体高65-68cm,胸围90-95cm。
3.如权利要求1所述的提高地方猪猪肉产量的杂交生产方法,其特征在于,所述的梅花星作为母本选择标准为:成年梅花星母猪其体尺性状为:体重107.50±2.30kg,体长98.00±0.96cm,体高60.00±0.15cm、胸围123.00±0.94cm;6月龄梅花星母猪体尺性状为:体重59.97±2.25kg,体长99.50±1.02cm,体高50.81±0.11cm,胸围87.38±0.89cm。
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