CN109358363A - Three-dimensional singing tracking and prediction technique based on multiple reflections equivalent inter-phase model - Google Patents

Three-dimensional singing tracking and prediction technique based on multiple reflections equivalent inter-phase model Download PDF

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CN109358363A
CN109358363A CN201811364272.4A CN201811364272A CN109358363A CN 109358363 A CN109358363 A CN 109358363A CN 201811364272 A CN201811364272 A CN 201811364272A CN 109358363 A CN109358363 A CN 109358363A
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multiple reflections
interface
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line element
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CN109358363B (en
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宋鹏
张锐埼
谭军
赵波
李金山
夏冬明
姜秀萍
解闯
张洪洋
张超
王绍文
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Ocean University of China
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
    • G01V1/28—Processing seismic data, e.g. analysis, for interpretation, for correction
    • G01V1/282—Application of seismic models, synthetic seismograms
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
    • G01V1/28—Processing seismic data, e.g. analysis, for interpretation, for correction
    • G01V1/34—Displaying seismic recordings or visualisation of seismic data or attributes
    • G01V1/345—Visualisation of seismic data or attributes, e.g. in 3D cubes
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
    • G01V1/28—Processing seismic data, e.g. analysis, for interpretation, for correction
    • G01V1/36—Effecting static or dynamic corrections on records, e.g. correcting spread; Correlating seismic signals; Eliminating effects of unwanted energy
    • G01V1/362—Effecting static or dynamic corrections; Stacking

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Abstract

The present invention relates to a kind of three-dimensional singing tracking and prediction technique based on multiple reflections equivalent inter-phase model belong to marine seismic prospectiong multiple wave prediction field.Specific step is as follows: carrying out migration imaging using seismic wave propagation speed in seawater, 3-D migration data volume is divided into several two-dimension earthquake sections along main profile direction, sub-bottom reflection lineups of discretization, digitized sampling obtain accurately three-dimensional seabed interface model.It picks up line element and calculates seabed interface inclination angle, then all nodes in k rank multiple reflections equivalent " boundary line " are sought, it is finally synthesizing equivalent " boundary line ", further synthesizes multiple reflections equivalent interface, tracking when taking Shooting method to carry out multiple wave travelling based on multiple reflections equivalent interface.This method is by establishing multiple reflections equivalent interface, the single reflection path on equivalent reflective interface is converted by the propagation path of multiple wave, to simplify ray tracing process, the adaptability and precision when seeking multiple wave travelling based on ray-tracing procedure are improved.

Description

Three-dimensional singing tracking and prediction technique based on multiple reflections equivalent inter-phase model
Technical field
The invention belongs to marine seismic prospectiong multiple waves to predict field, be based on the equivalent boundary of multiple reflections more particularly to one kind The three-dimensional singing tracking of surface model and prediction technique.
Background technique
In marine seismic prospectiong, since sea and seabed are usually high-amplitude wave impedance interface, seismic wave can be on sea and sea It is repeatedly shaken between bottom and forms the stronger seawater singing of amplitude.In general, the method for MULTIPLE ATTENUATION is broadly divided into three classes: The first kind is based on the periodic predictive deconvolution of multiple wave；Second class is the apparent velocity based on multiple wave Yu primary wave " time difference " Filtering method, such as common parabolic Radon transform in production；Third class is the multiple wave compacting side based on wave theory Method.There is certain limitations in three-dimensional seawater singing damped system for conventional multiple wave drawing method: predictive deconvolution is difficult to Eliminate macrocyclic singing multiple wave；For the multiple wave drawing method of apparent velocity difference, due in three dimensional seismic data The degree of covering of CMP trace gather is spatially unevenly distributed, and multiple wave and the significant wave time difference are smaller near migration range seismic channel, This affects its treatment effect to a certain extent；Multiple wave drawing method based on wave theory needs subsurface model or complete Seismic data, and computationally intensive, this greatly limits popularizations and application that it is directed to " magnanimity " three dimensional seismic data.
When seeking ocean-bottom multiple travelling using ray tracing, then pass through the processing of Event tracking progress multiple wave compacting Method is a kind of new the multiple wave prediction and compact technique developed in recent years, stablizes wave beam based on two-dimentional seafloor model use When method ray tracing mode precisely predicts the travelling of each rank seawater singing, then by recording rearrangement method for multiple wave lineups school It is flat to carry out apparent velocity filtering again.Difficulty is but encountered however, this method is extended in three-dimensional seawater singing compacting, reason exists In: when submarine relief is violent, the propagation path of multiple wave is extremely complex in three-dimensional space, and this considerably increases be based on seabed mould Type predicts difficulty when seawater singing travelling by ray tracing.
As can be seen that currently used method is unable to adequate solution problem under three-dimensional situation, it is therefore desirable to study one The new method of kind, can significantly improve the pressing result of three-dimensional seawater singing.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is that providing a kind of ray tracing based on multiple reflections equivalent inter-phase model Method: its basic ideas is 1. to carry out migration imaging using seismic wave propagation speed in seawater, and obtain by digitized sampling Accurately three-dimensional seabed interface model；2. establishing multiple reflections equivalent inter-phase model based on seafloor model；3. being penetrated by Shooting method When line tracer technique obtains multiple wave travelling.The method passes through the foundation at equivalent reflective interface, by the multiple reflections of multiple wave Propagation path is reduced to the single reflection path on equivalent reflective interface, so that the multiple wave trip under 3 D complex model Accurately tracking is possibly realized when row.
The present invention takes following technical scheme:
Three-dimensional singing tracking and prediction technique based on multiple reflections equivalent inter-phase model, it is characterised in that it is specifically included Following steps:
1) the two-dimensional depth domain seismic profile F in N number of parallel main profile direction is giveni(x, z), wherein N is natural number, subscript
I indicates section number (1≤i≤N), and x, z are respectively indicated along main profile direction horizontal distance and vertical main profile side To depth；
2) lineups that seabed primary event is picked up on each two-dimensional depth seismic profile, obtain sub-bottom reflection lineups Curve fi(x, z), wherein subscript i indicates section number, and x, z are respectively indicated along main profile direction horizontal distance and vertical main profile The depth in direction；
3) with certain sampling interval Δ x (being generally taken as 5m) by reflection line-ups curve fi(x, z) discretization, is each cutd open M discrete point is obtained on face, coordinate is denoted as (x1,j,z1,j), wherein subscript 1 indicates that the point comes from 1 secondary reflection wave lineups Curve, j indicate point number, 1 < j < M；
4) two o'clock A (x before taking1,1,z1,1) and B (x1,2,z1,2) composition line element AB, right back-pushed-type (1) the calculating inclination angle line element AB θ1,1:
5) the reverse extending line for being line element AB is set as point O with the intersection point of x-axisj, j is point number, therefore the inclination angle of line element OA It also is θ1,1；By the relationship at equivalent reflective interface and seabed interface inclination angle it is found that the inclination angle of the equivalent line element of k rank multiple reflections is sea K times of bottom interface inclination angle, 2≤k≤K, K are multiple wave maximum order, from OjWith inclination angle k θ1,1It is line element lk,j, with A point about x The normal of axis intersects at point A', then point A' is the equivalent line element node of k rank multiple reflections below point A；
6) it is based respectively on remaining two all consecutive points, step 4 is repeated and step 5, the k rank that can obtain all line elements is multiple Reflect equivalent line element lk,jAnd its node, 1≤j≤M；
7) for the equivalent line element of all multiple reflections of every single order, every single order multiple reflections etc. can be obtained by connecting its each node It imitates in " boundary line "；
8) respectively by the corresponding node in the multiple reflections of phase same order on the seismic profile of each two-dimensional depth domain equivalent " boundary line " It is connected, it is equivalent " interface " that each rank multiple reflections is consequently formed；
9) it is based on each rank multiple reflections equivalent interface, using Shooting method ray tracing technique, tracks out big gun collection record respectively In each rank multiple wave travelling when.
The present invention compared with prior art the utility model has the advantages that
The order of multiple reflection is higher, and the number shaken between sea and reflecting interface is more, and propagation path is got over Complexity can not often track accurate multiple reflection according to conventional multiple reflection ray tracing technique and propagate travelling When, and a kind of ray-tracing procedure based on multiple reflections equivalent inter-phase model proposed by the present invention, pass through equivalent reflective circle The multihop propagation path of multiple wave is reduced to the single reflection path on equivalent reflective interface by the foundation in face, is reduced The difficulty of ray tracing, so that accurately tracking is possibly realized when multiple wave travelling under 3 D complex model.
Detailed description of the invention
The Three-dimensional Display example of Fig. 1 theoretical model；
Original big gun collection record example (big gun number 1801) of Fig. 2；
Fig. 3 carries out the seismic profile of migration processing using sea water layer velocity of wave: black arrow is seabed primary event lineups, White arrow is 2~4 rank seabed first multiple lineups；
Fig. 4 is based on a fixed sample interval (such as 5m) discrete sub-bottom reflection lineups；
The three-dimensional seabed depth model that Fig. 5 is established based on digitized sampling；
Fig. 6 is based on the equivalent line element of seafloor model and seeks equivalent " boundary line " schematic diagram of multiple reflections；
The three-dimensional each rank multiple reflections equivalent inter-phase model of Fig. 7 synthesis；
(a) three-dimensional seabed depth model
(b) three-dimensional each rank multiple reflections equivalent inter-phase model: 1, second order multiple reflections equivalent interface, 2, three rank multiple reflections Equivalent interface, 3, quadravalence multiple reflections equivalent interface, 4, five rank multiple reflections equivalent interfaces, 5, the six equivalent boundaries of rank multiple reflections Face, 6, seven rank multiple reflections equivalent interfaces；
Fig. 8 is stacked in the multiple wave time curve example (big gun number 1801) in original big gun collection record.
Specific embodiment
Technical solution of the present invention is further explained below by embodiment combination attached drawing, but protection of the invention Range is not limited in any form by embodiment.
Embodiment 1
It establishes length and width and depth capacity is respectively the three-layer laminated dielectric model (Fig. 1) of 5000m, 5000m and 2000m, it should Model includes 7 sets at the uniform velocity stratum (velocity structure is shown in Table 1) altogether, and there are stronger seabed is multiple in the earthquake record to make simulation Wave makes sea water layer and its underpart stratum have biggish speed difference (reaching 500m/s), and seabed is relatively flat, depth between Between 100m~200m.Along main profile direction, model left part is developed with dome structure, and right side is sunk structure, in arched roof two sides There are two tomographies that section is each perpendicular to main profile direction, original big gun collection record is as shown in Figure 2.To obtain accurate seabed INTERFACE MODEL carries out pre-stack time migration based on seawater velocity of wave (1500m/s) and creates three-dimensional migration before stack data volume.
1 theoretical model of table respectively covers stratum velocity of longitudinal wave
Ordinal number of stratum Velocity of longitudinal wave value (m/s)
1 1500
2 2000
3 2150
4 2350
5 2150
6 2400
7 2600
It will be apparent from specific implementation process of the invention below:
Three-dimensional migration before stack data volume is divided into N number of two dimensional cross-section F along main profile directioni(x, z), N are natural number, Middle subscript i indicates section number (1≤i≤N), and x, z are respectively indicated along main profile direction horizontal distance and vertical main profile direction Depth；As shown in figure 3, wherein red arrow direction is seabed primary event lineups, white arrow direction is 2~4 Rank seabed first multiple lineups.
1) lineups that seabed primary event is picked up on each two-dimension earthquake section, obtain sub-bottom reflection lineups curve fi(x, z), wherein subscript i indicates section number, and x, z are respectively indicated along main profile direction horizontal distance and vertical main profile direction Depth.
2) sampling interval of 5m is taken as with Δ x, by reflection line-ups curve fi(x, z) discretization, on each section To M discrete point, coordinate is denoted as (x1,j,z1,j), wherein subscript 1 indicates that the point comes from 1 secondary reflection wave lineups curve, j table Show point number, 1 < j < M.As shown in Figure 4.Then time and depth transfer is carried out, the three-dimensional seabed depth model established accordingly, such as Fig. 5 institute Show.
3) two o'clock A (x before taking1,1,z1,1) and B (x1,2,z1,2) composition line element AB, then calculate the inclination angle theta of line element AB1,1。
4) the reverse extending line for being line element AB is set as point O with the intersection point of x-axisj(j is point number), therefore line element OA inclines Angle is also θ1,1.By the relationship at equivalent reflective interface and seabed interface inclination angle it is found that k (2≤k≤K, K are multiple wave maximum order, Generally less than 10) inclination angle of the equivalent line element of rank multiple reflections is k times of seabed interface inclination angle, from OjWith inclination angle k θ1,1Do line element lk,j, point A' is intersected at about the normal of x-axis with A point, then point A' is the equivalent line element node of k rank multiple reflections below point A, mistake Journey is as shown in Figure 6.
4) and 5) 5) it is based respectively on remaining two all consecutive points, repeats, k rank multiple reflections of all line elements etc. can be obtained Imitate line element lk,j(1≤j≤M) and its node.
6) for the equivalent line element of all multiple reflections of every single order, every single order multiple reflections etc. can be obtained by connecting its each node It imitates in " boundary line ".
7) respectively by the corresponding node in the multiple reflections of phase same order on the seismic profile of each two-dimensional depth domain equivalent " boundary line " It is connected, it is equivalent " interface " to be consequently formed each rank multiple reflections, as shown in Figure 7.
8) original big gun collection is recorded as shown in Fig. 2, according to observation system information interception part multiple reflections equivalent interface Model, and when seeking multiple wave using quasi- primary wave ray tracing technique and travelling.
The multiple wave time curve of tracking is stacked in original big gun collection record, such as Fig. 8 is simulation comprising 2~7 ranks The big gun collection of multiple wave lineups records, it is known that it coincide substantially when multiple wave is travelled with the multiple wave lineups in original record, this Effectively demonstrate the correctness of above-mentioned tracing process.

Claims (1)

1. three-dimensional singing tracking and prediction technique based on multiple reflections equivalent inter-phase model, it is characterised in that it specifically include with Lower step:
1) the two-dimensional depth domain seismic profile F in N number of parallel main profile direction is giveni(x, z), wherein N is natural number, and subscript i is indicated 1≤i of section number≤N, x, z respectively indicate the depth along main profile direction horizontal distance and vertical main profile direction；
2) lineups that seabed primary event is picked up on each two-dimensional depth seismic profile, obtain sub-bottom reflection lineups curve fi(x, z), wherein subscript i indicates section number, and x, z are respectively indicated along main profile direction horizontal distance and vertical main profile direction Depth；
3) with certain sampling interval Δ x by reflection line-ups curve fi(x, z) discretization, obtain on each section M it is discrete Point, coordinate are denoted as (x1,j,z1,j), wherein subscript 1 indicates that the point comes from 1 secondary reflection wave lineups curve, and j indicates point number, 1 < J < M；
4) two o'clock A (x before taking1,1,z1,1) and B (x1,2,z1,2) composition line element AB, right back-pushed-type (1) calculating line element AB inclination angle theta1,1:
5) the reverse extending line for being line element AB is set as point O with the intersection point of x-axisj, j is point number, therefore the inclination angle of line element OA is also θ1,1；By the relationship at equivalent reflective interface and seabed interface inclination angle it is found that the inclination angle of the equivalent line element of k rank multiple reflections is seabed circle K times of face inclination angle, 2≤k≤K, K are multiple wave maximum order, from OjWith inclination angle k θ1,1It is line element lk,j, with A point about x-axis Normal intersects at point A', then point A' is the equivalent line element node of k rank multiple reflections below point A；
6) it is based respectively on remaining two all consecutive points, step 4 and step 5 is repeated, the k rank multiple reflections of all line elements can be obtained Equivalent line element lk,jAnd its node, 1≤j≤M；
7) for the equivalent line element of all multiple reflections of every single order, connecting its each node, can to obtain every single order multiple reflections equivalent " boundary line "；
8) corresponding node of the multiple reflections of phase same order on the seismic profile of each two-dimensional depth domain equivalent " boundary line " is connected respectively, It is equivalent " interface " that each rank multiple reflections are consequently formed；
9) it is based on each rank multiple reflections equivalent interface, using Shooting method ray tracing technique, is tracked out respectively each in big gun collection record When rank multiple wave is travelled.
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CN112578453A (en) * 2019-09-27 2021-03-30 中国石油化工股份有限公司 Multiple suppression method and system
CN114859420A (en) * 2022-05-09 2022-08-05 中国人民解放军海军工程大学 Shallow sea target sorting and underwater target motion situation and depth judgment method

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CN107884829A (en) * 2017-12-06 2018-04-06 东华理工大学 A kind of method for combining compacting shallow sea OBC Multiple Attenuation in Seismic Data
CN108318922A (en) * 2018-01-31 2018-07-24 温珍河 Marine single track hyperfrequency sonic data multiple wave identification and drawing method and system

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CN114859420A (en) * 2022-05-09 2022-08-05 中国人民解放军海军工程大学 Shallow sea target sorting and underwater target motion situation and depth judgment method
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