CN107884829A - A kind of method for combining compacting shallow sea OBC Multiple Attenuation in Seismic Data - Google Patents
A kind of method for combining compacting shallow sea OBC Multiple Attenuation in Seismic Data Download PDFInfo
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- G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
- G01V1/28—Processing seismic data, e.g. analysis, for interpretation, for correction
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Abstract
A kind of method for combining compacting shallow sea OBC Multiple Attenuation in Seismic Data, it comprises the following steps：S1, seismic wave can be recorded using pressure detector and velocity detector simultaneously in submarine cable acquisition mode, water-filling land merging of going forward side by side；The a variety of repeatedly ripple drawing methods of S2, joint, a point domain is combined multiple elimination stage by stage.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to seismic technology field, more particularly to a kind of side for combining compacting shallow sea OBC Multiple Attenuation in Seismic Data
Method.
Background technology
In geologic structure, the substrate in a certain basin be in, Paleozoic group carbonate rock and metamorphic rock, superstratum is by ancient near
Very big difference be present in the clastic rock composition of system, Neogene System and the 4th system, wave impedance characteristic of the superstratum with substrate between the two
Different, there be sea and seabed in the strong reflection interface similar with such case.In addition survey area seabed is shallower, and the depth of water is generally less than
50m, it is relatively flat so that most energy is limited in sea between seabed, carrying out travel back, causes original seismic data
More subwaves are developed very much, and type is various, such as strong singing and reverberation etc..In order to which the oil gas for implementing new in depression is surveyed
Target and data requirement are visited, this time seismic survey work carries out earthquake using the three-dimensional four component acquisition modes of submarine cable (OBC)
Data acquisition, this acquisition mode is compared with conventional streamers gather, and the elastic information that can more be enriched in theory obtains
Initial data include tetra- components of X, Y, Z, P, wherein X, Y-component record converted wave, Z, P component pass through vertical speed respectively
Wave detector, piezoelectric seismometer receiving record compressional wave, the multiple problems of compressional component are mainly discussed here, gathered with conventional streamers
Difference be that this acquisition mode can obtain the different P wave data of two attribute in same position, they frequency
There is significant difference in rate, signal to noise ratio, resolution ratio etc., therefore, have similarity compared with the processing of conventional compressional wave, there is also one
Fixed difference according to its feature, it is necessary to carry out specific aim processing.And more subwaves of exploration area have two outstanding features：Almost
Mask the energy of significant wave；Seawater is shallow to cause more subwaves to be followed by imitating ripple aliasing together, it is impossible to effectively distinguishes.In addition,
The water bottom multiple being coupled among reservoir imaging, have with deep layer primary wave caused by the labyrinth of identical speed repeatedly
Ripple etc., the correct identification to significant wave is all severely impacted, influences AVO invertings and reservoir prediction result.Therefore, solve more than once
Ripple problem has very important significance for this kind of marine seismic prospectiong area.
The content of the invention
In view of this, the present invention proposes a kind of method for combining compacting shallow sea OBC Multiple Attenuation in Seismic Data.
A kind of method for combining compacting shallow sea OBC Multiple Attenuation in Seismic Data, it comprises the following steps：
S1, seismic wave can be recorded using pressure detector and velocity detector simultaneously in submarine cable acquisition mode,
Go forward side by side water-filling land merging；
The a variety of repeatedly ripple drawing methods of S2, joint, a point domain is combined multiple elimination stage by stage；
The step S1 includes：
It is as follows using pressure detector and velocity detector record realization wave field separation up and down, its fundamental formular：
U=Scale × Z+P (1)
D=Scale × Z-P (2)
In above-mentioned formula, U, D are the traveling wave up and down separated, i.e. significant wave and more subwaves respectively；Scale is land and water inspection
The matching attribute of data；P, Z is the earthquake record that land and water wave detector receives.
It is of the present invention joint compacting shallow sea OBC Multiple Attenuation in Seismic Data method,
Land and water, which merges, includes three steps：
(1) phase difference correction：Need to determine corresponding phase difference by phasescan；
(2) land and water inspection matching factor is demarcated：Need to carry out matching factor demarcation to land and water inspection data before the combining；Simultaneously
Also there is phase difference in land and water inspection, advanced horizontal phasing control before demarcation；
(3) up-downgoing wave field separation：Data are examined according to land and water to be merged according to matching factor, isolate wave field up and down,
Upstream wave field is to suppress the data after the more subwaves of geophone station item.
In the method for joint compacting shallow sea OBC Multiple Attenuation in Seismic Data of the present invention, it is characterised in that
Matching factor demarcation includes two aspects：Ask for optimal calibration factor and demarcation way choice；
Wherein calibration factor α method is to be based on maximum variance norm criterion, and different calibration factors obtains different maximums
Variance mould, according to the value of maximum variance module, it is determined that optimal calibration factor；The basic calculating formula of maximum variance module is as follows：
In formula, Pn、QnCoefficient respectively in calculation formula, the coefficient only have land and water inspection data relevant；
Meanwhile calibration factor α meets below equation
By solving above-mentioned equation (4), 15 characteristic root α corresponding to α are obtainedn, n=1,2 ..., 15；By their generations respectively
Enter formula, obtain different Varm (αn), α corresponding to maximum Varm is exactly best match factor-alphabest, i.e.,：
αbest=max { Varm (α1),Varm(α2),…,Varm(α15)} (5)
It is determined that after optimal calibration factor, land and water inspection data are merged.
In the method for joint compacting shallow sea OBC Multiple Attenuation in Seismic Data of the present invention,
The step S2 includes：
It is two major classes by multiple wavelength-division：The more subwaves of geophone station item, the more subwaves of shot point item；
Based on the polarity difference of land and water inspection component down-going wave fields, the water inspection folding compacting more subwaves of geophone station item are used；
Compacting is combined for the more subwaves of shot point item, first using tau-p domains predictive deconvolution, is then based on after moving correction
CMP trace gathers, pass through high-precision Radon transform and solve remaining more subwaves；
After migration before stack, CRP trace gathers are obtained, the influence of more subwaves is also remained above this trace gather, is reused
High-precision Radon transform solves remaining more subwaves.
In the method for joint compacting shallow sea OBC Multiple Attenuation in Seismic Data of the present invention,
Adaptive matching subtraction technique is introduced in high-precision Radon transform method, is divided into three steps：
First, with Radon transform, data field conversion is carried out to geological data, La Dong domains is converted it to, has in La Dong domains
Effect ripple is distributed in different places with multiple wave energy, and the multiple wave energy in remote q roads is cut off, obtains the multiple wave energy in La Dong domains
Amount distribution；
Then, the energy of more subwaves is transformed into domain by anti-Radon transform, obtains multiple wave pattern；Finally, by certainly
Matching attenuation technology is adapted to, more subwaves are subtracted from initial data.
The method for implementing joint compacting shallow sea OBC Multiple Attenuation in Seismic Data provided by the invention has compared with prior art
Following beneficial effect：The present invention analyzes more subwave types and its feature existing for research area first；Then, for the above-mentioned type
More subwaves, analyze the adaptability problem of corresponding drawing method, and make corresponding more subwave resolving ideas and its basic flow
Journey；Finally, the real data based on research area is applied.Final result shows, based on the proprietary skill of OBC seismic datas
Art --- land and water inspection data merge, and combine various other repeatedly ripple drawing method, a point domains and are combined multiple elimination stage by stage, can
Preferably to solve multiple problems, while show that this joint thinking can preferably solve more subwaves of shallow sea OBC data
Problem.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the classification chart of the more subwaves of OBC of the embodiment of the present invention, wherein (a)-(c) is the more subwaves in shot point end；(d)-
(f) it is the more subwaves in geophone station end；
Fig. 2 is that land and water inspection component merges schematic diagram；
Fig. 3 is the brute stack section of different components：(a) P components；(b) Z component；
Fig. 4 is stack velocity spectrum of the different components at same CMP points：(a) P components；(b) Z component；
Fig. 5 is the basic flow sheet of more wave pressures of OBC；
Fig. 6 is stacked section corresponding to different components before land and water inspection merges：(a) it is P components；(b) Z component；
Fig. 7 is corresponding PZ components merging stacked section after out of phase difference correction：(a) phase difference correction is not done；(b)
90 ° of phase difference corrections；(c) 65 ° of phase difference corrections；
Fig. 8 is the superposition contrast before and after the multiple wave pressure system of big gun item：(a) before multiple elimination；(b) after the predictive deconvolution of t-x domains；
(c) after the predictive deconvolution of τ-p domains；
Fig. 9 is to remove stacked section corresponding to different removing methods in multiple wave process to contrast：(a) before non-multiple elimination；
(b) direct subtractive method；(c) adaptive subtractive method；
Figure 10 is the migration stack Profile Correlation before and after high-precision Radon transform multiple suppression：(a) before suppressing；(b) press
After system.
Embodiment
The embodiment of the present invention is by taking the seismic data of some Patch in exploration area as an example, the multiple of this kind of data of analyzing and researching
Wave pressure problem.It is various to study the more subwave types in area, different types of repeatedly wave characteristic is different, and various drawing methods also have suitable
Sex chromosome mosaicism is answered, a certain method is only relied upon and is difficult to disposably solve multiple problems, it is necessary to according to the characteristics of real data, for
Different types of more subwaves, best pressing result is reached with adaptable method.Therefore, the embodiment of the present invention is divided first
More subwave types and its feature existing for research area are analysed；Then, for more subwaves of the above-mentioned type, corresponding drawing method is analyzed
Adaptability problem, and make corresponding more subwave resolving ideas and its basic procedure；Finally, the actual number based on research area
According to being applied.Final result shows, based on OBC seismic data proprietary technologies --- land and water inspection data merge, and joint is more
Other multiple ripple drawing methods of kind, a point domain are combined multiple elimination stage by stage, the more subwaves that can preferably solve ZZZZXXX
Problem, while show that this joint thinking can preferably solve the multiple problems of shallow sea OBC data.
The characteristics of 1 research more subwaves in area and identification
The propagation law of seismic wave in being gathered according to OBC, more subwave types present in area are studied as shown in figure 1, being based on
More subwaves in OBC data are divided into two major classes by the up-downlink direction of more subwaves, the embodiment of the present invention by the direction of propagation：Shot point end
More subwaves (such as Fig. 1 a, b, c), are upgoing waves；It is down going wave that the more subwaves in geophone station end (such as Fig. 1 d, e, f), which are,.So classification master
If for the ease of the discussion of double inspection synthesis, using pressure detector simultaneously in submarine cable acquisition mode, (water is examined, P points
Amount) and velocity detector (land inspection, Z component) record seismic wave, both wave detectors are due to the difference of physical property, for upper
The seismic signal polarity that traveling wave receives is identical；And for down-going wave fields, earthquake record polarity that land and water wave detector receives
On the contrary, using this feature, the more subwaves of geophone station item can preferably be suppressed by being merged using land and water inspection component, and its schematic diagram is as schemed
Shown in 2.
Will multiple suppression well, it is necessary to first identify more subwaves, identifying the Main Basiss of more subwaves at present is, more
Subwave typically has stronger periodicity on seismic profile, and its seismic response is related to significant wave, but their physics is special
Difference again be present in property.According to features described above, in actual seismic data processing procedure, identify more subwaves specific method include with
Under it is several：
(1) identified based on single shot record.It is basic according to being the features such as apparent velocity, cycle, polarity, the apparent velocity of more subwaves
The apparent velocity of same position significant wave can be less than, the time that more subwave lineups times occur near migration range is that significant wave is same
The integral multiple of phase axle, due to some other factor, such as pendage etc., the time that first multiple occurs may not be effective
The integral multiple of wave reflection time；Furthermore it is also possible to by seeing whether that polarity interaction be present occurs to determine.
(2) based on minimum (zero) offset distance section identification.Minimum (zero) offset distance section is more equivalent to self excitation and self receiving section
The periodicity of subwave can be more preferable, and the time of single order first multiple is usually twice of significant wave, and specific practice is remembered in big gun collection
Minimum (zero) offset distance is extracted in record, forms a section, the distribution situation of more subwaves can be substantially determined from the section.
(3) identified based on brute stack section.Enter action correction using the stack velocity of significant wave, and be superimposed and obtain tentatively
Stacked section, its principle and (2) are basically identical.
(4) it is based on speed spectrum discrimination.Under normal circumstances, the speed of seismic wave increases with the increase of depth, significant wave
Speed be to increase with the increase of time on longitudinal direction on normal-moveout spectrum.And the apparent velocity due to more subwaves at same position
Significantly less than the speed of significant wave, therefore energy group of more subwaves on normal-moveout spectrum is generally characterized by the time longitudinal axis without obvious
Change.Sometimes two energy groups occur in same position, and the left side corresponds to more subwaves, and the right corresponds to significant wave.
The embodiment of the present invention according to more subwaves periodicity in time, speed spectrum signature etc., by brute stack section,
Stack velocity spectrum analyzes its feature, as shown in Figure 3-4.Fig. 3 is P, the brute stack section of Z component, and it is red that Fig. 4 corresponds to Fig. 3
Stack velocity spectrum at color dotted line, from the graph, it is apparent that the more subwave anormogenesises of bases, effective wave energy is seriously
It is submerged in wherein, this figure displays that the signal to noise ratio of the land inspection data (Z component) of velocity detector record is less than pressure detector
The water inspection data (P components) of record, but resolution ratio can be better than P components.
The basic ideas of more than 2 wave pressure
According to the similitude between current repeatedly ripple drawing method, Arthur B W are by its two major class：(1) based on filtering
Filtering class method, including time-domain (tau-p domains) predictive deconvolution, Radon conversion [9], the filtering of f-k domains, beam-forming filtering etc.
Deng what this kind of method utilized is that geological data can show different features in different data fields, in some domains, repeatedly
Ripple can have obvious difference with significant wave, and according to these differences, more subwaves and significant wave can be carried out in these data fields
Separation, excision, filtering, with multiple suppression；(2) Forecasting Methodology based on wave equation, such as based on feedback method
SRME, wave field extrapolation etc., such method is based on the more subwaves of wave field theoretical prediction and subtracted from original record, by human factor
Influence less, be adapted to Complicated Geologic Condition, can effectively MULTIPLE ATTENUATION.In addition, the ground for the collection of OBC Two-gap coupled cavities
Data are shaken, have developed distinctive Multiple Attenuation Techniques Based --- land and water detection merges, and what this method mainly utilized is upper and lower traveling wave
The polarity difference of field carries out wave field separation, so as to suppress the more subwaves in geophone station end.These methods theoretical foundation, assumed condition with
And prior information needed etc. is not quite similar, different multiple ripple drawing methods is applied to different types of more subwaves, example
Such as, periodic assumed condition be present according to more subwaves, can go to decay using predictive deconvolution technology, seismic prospecting at sea
In data, suitable for more subwave types that this kind of cycles such as elimination singing are relatively good, for its existing deficiency, some, which are improved, calculates
Method can also preferably suppress long-period multiple, but because multiple ripple is only in zero-offset or near migration range periodicity ratio
Preferably, that is to say, that offset distance is bigger, and its periodic characteristics just become worse and worse, and which limits predictive deconvolution to exist
Application in large offseting distance seismic data.And the Free Surface multiple attenuation technology (Surface- based on wave theory
Related Multiple Elimination, SRME), SRME technologies belong to feedback method [13], completely unrelated with speed,
Without the prior estimate of underground medium model, be adapted to Complicated Geologic Condition, can effectively MULTIPLE ATTENUATION, but the party
Method requires the geological data regularization of input, the precision of prediction of the multiple wave pattern of fine or not direct relation of regularization, also needs in addition
Estimate source wavelet, amount of calculation is very big, limits its application.Therefore, preferable pressing result is obtained, it is necessary to pin
Suitable method is selected to the characteristics of actual seismic data.
It can be seen from above-mentioned analysis, more subwave types existing for research area are relatively more, and feature is different.It is a certain or certain
A kind of drawing method, can only there is preferable pressing result to some specific more subwaves, for other types, often fail,
It could not be expected that in suppressing all more subwaves using a certain single method, to solve the problems, such as to study area.According in Section 1
Fig. 1 classification, it is two major classes by multiple wavelength-division：The more subwaves of geophone station item, the more subwaves of shot point item, the spy of the more subwaves of both types
Sign is had differences, it is necessary to be respectively processed.First, the polarity difference based on land and water inspection component down-going wave fields, is examined using water and closed
And the technology compacting more subwaves of geophone station item；Then, compacting is combined for the more subwaves of shot point item, is first predicted using tau-p domains
Deconvolution, the CMP trace gathers being then based on after dynamic correction, solves remaining more subwaves by high-precision Radon transform；Finally, folded
After preceding skew, CRP trace gathers are obtained, the influence of more subwaves is also remained above this trace gather, high accuracy is reused and draws east to become
Method is changed, as shown in Figure 5.
It should be strongly noted that different from conventional Radon transform multiple suppression, the embodiment of the present invention uses high-precision
Degree Radon transform method introduces Adaptive matching subtraction technique, is divided into three steps：First, with Radon transform, geological data is entered
Row data field is changed, and converts it to La Dong domains, different places is distributed in multiple wave energy in La Dong domains significant wave, can be with
The multiple wave energy in remote q roads is cut off, obtains the multiple wave energy distribution in La Dong domains；Then, the energy of more subwaves is passed through anti-
Radon transform is transformed into domain, obtains multiple wave pattern；Finally, by Adaptive matching decay technique, by more subwaves from original number
Subtracted in, advantage of this is that, while more subwaves are removed, useful signal can be preferably protected, can also be improved
Pressing result.
The general principle that 3OBC collections land and water inspection merges
Submarine cable collection records seismic wave using pressure detector (water inspection) and velocity detector (land inspection) simultaneously.It is right
In the more subwaves of geophone station item, as shown in figure 1, more subwaves of this type belong to down-going wave fields, the earthquake that land and water wave detector receives
Opposite polarity is recorded, using this feature, the more subwaves of geophone station item can preferably be suppressed by merging using land and water inspection component, and it shows
It is intended to as shown in Figure 2.Because land and water earthquake record not only has differences in polarity, and in phase, amplitude, frequency etc.
Have differences, summed so land and water inspection is not simple is added, it is necessary to consider that these factors calculate optimal ratio
The example factor, optimal summation is realized at utmost to suppress the more subwaves of geophone station item.The essence that land and water inspection merges is Two-gap coupled cavity note
Record realization wave field separation up and down, its fundamental formular are as follows：
U=Scale × Z+P (1)
D=Scale × Z-P (2)
In formula, U, D are the traveling wave up and down separated, i.e. significant wave and more subwaves respectively；Scale is land and water inspection data
Matching attribute；P, Z is the earthquake record that land and water wave detector receives.The theory of method is simple, and does not need excessive hypothesis
Condition, its core are how accurately to ask for matching attribute, and substantial amounts of result of practical application illustrates that this method can be suppressed preferably
The more subwaves of geophone station item.Land and water inspection merges mainly includes three steps in actual treatment：
(1) phase difference correction.Both in theory, the phase-frequency response function of land and water wave detector is the same, but in theory
Between phase differ 90 °, due to being influenceed by actual acquisition etc., actual phase difference is not usually 90 °, it is necessary to pass through phasescan
It is determined that corresponding phase difference；
(2) land and water inspection matching factor is demarcated.Due to pressure detector (water inspection) and velocity detector (land inspection) transducing coefficient
Different, the factor such as velocity detector is different from the coupling in seabed influence, the energy that data are examined in land and water has differences, so closing
And need to carry out matching factor demarcation to land and water inspection data before, while phase difference also be present in land and water inspection, must be advanced before demarcating
Horizontal phasing control；
(3) up-downgoing wave field separation.Data are examined according to land and water to be merged according to matching factor, isolate wave field up and down,
Upstream wave field is to suppress the data after the more subwaves of geophone station item.
Wherein, the demarcation of matching factor is that land and water inspection merges successfully key, including two aspects：Ask for optimal demarcation
The factor and demarcation way choice.Demarcation mode is referred herein to, and when calculating calibration factor, (Z points of data are examined with land
Amount) matching water inspection data (P components), or use water inspection Data Matching land inspection data.Because Z component data gather in the wild
When, influenceed by acquisition elements such as seabed couplings, the signal to noise ratio of Z component would generally be substantially less than P components, and therefore, tradition is mostly
Go to match P components using Z component.The method that the embodiment of the present invention asks for calibration factor α is to be based on maximum variance norm criterion, different
Calibration factor can obtain different maximum variance modules, according to the value of maximum variance module, it is determined that optimal calibration factor.It is maximum
The basic calculating formula of variance mould is as follows：
In formula, Pn、QnCoefficient respectively in calculation formula, the coefficient only have land and water inspection data it is relevant, it is unrelated with α.
Meanwhile calibration factor α meets below equation
By solving above-mentioned equation, 15 characteristic root α corresponding to α can be obtainedn, n=1,2 ..., 15.They are distinguished
Substitution formula, different Varm (α can be obtainedn), α corresponding to maximum Varm is exactly best match factor-alphabest, i.e.,：
αbest=max { Varm (α1),Varm(α2),…,Varm(α15)} (5)
It is determined that after optimal calibration factor, according to above formula, land and water inspection data are merged.
4 application effects
The inspection of 4.1 land and waters merges the compacting more subwaves of geophone station item
Because P components (water inspection) and the amplitude of Z component (land inspection) data, phase, frequency, signal to noise ratio etc. have differences,
Need to carry out data processing for P, Z component respectively before merging, to improve their qualities.Mainly include static correction, prestack is gone
Make an uproar, amplitude compensation, deconvolution etc., the signal to noise ratio of wherein Z component is substantially less than P components, and noise types are various, in prestack denoising side
Face is, it is necessary to more targetedly handle work.As described above, exist not in operation principle between speed, piezoelectric seismometer
Together, sub-wave phase feature is caused to have differences.The presence of phase difference inherently influences the effect that land and water inspection merges, and therefore, uses
Targetedly method for correcting phase correction P, the phase difference of Z component so that examine seismic data and can be realized together when merging in land and water
It is superimposed.The method for correcting phase that the embodiment of the present invention uses is normal phasescan, that is, a series of using from small to large
Normal phase value carries out phasing to geological data successively, determines phase difference according to result quality is obtained, final result shows this
The phase difference for studying area is 65 °.Fig. 6 is stacked section corresponding to different components before land and water inspection merges, and is carried out with out of phase difference
After correction, carry out PZ and merge to obtain corresponding stacked section, as shown in Figure 7.It can be seen that phasing is not carried out
When, the effect that PZ merges multiple suppression is undesirable, and after phase difference correction, the significant effect that land and water inspection merges improves, and
And the effect after 65 ° of phase difference corrections is better than 90 °, such as red arrow meaning part in Fig. 7, illustrate research area P, Z component
Actual phase difference is not 90 °.
4.2tau-p domains predictive deconvolution compacting long-period multiple
Land and water inspection folding can suppress the more subwaves of geophone station item well, but be managed for the up more subwaves of shot point
By upper just without any suppression, therefore the serious multiple wave energy of shot point item is still had in the geological data after merging,
Mask the true reflecting interface on stratum, the contact relation on stratum is smudgy.Periodic assumed condition be present according to more subwaves,
It can go to decay using predictive deconvolution technology, at sea in seismic prospecting data, suitable for eliminating this kind of cycle ratios such as singing
Preferable more subwave types.This method can also widen the band bandwidth of geological data while pressure is made an uproar, and improve and differentiate
Rate.The related parameter of predictive deconvolution technology includes prediction step, operator length, white noise coefficient etc., wherein the most key
Parameter is prediction step, and the parameter can be determined by the auto-correlation of geological data.In t-x domains, more subwaves are only nearly (zero)
At offset distance, just with relatively good periodicity, because more subwaves are only periodically relatively good in zero-offset or near migration range,
Offset distance is bigger, and its periodicity can become worse and worse, and at tau-p domains, its periodicity is not influenceed by offset distance, compared with
To be stable, therefore, for marine data, particularly periodically relatively good data, commonly used is that anti-pleat is predicted in tau-p domains
Product, rather than t-x domains predictive deconvolution.It is by tau-p conversion and predictive deconvolution in the predictive deconvolution technical spirit of tau-p domains
Two parts form：First, data of changing commanders are become by tau-p and is transformed into slowness-intercept time domain；Then, for each p road
More subwaves of predictive deconvolution technology pressing cycle are used respectively, and this process is in fact consistent with t-x domains predictive deconvolution
's；Finally, the data suppressed are converted back to t-x domains by anti-tau-p conversion again.The embodiment of the present invention uses frequency domain tau-
The positive inverse transformations of p carry out data field conversion to data, because it avoids solving all large matrix problems, can greatly improve meter
Calculate speed and stability.Fig. 8 is the stacked section contrast before and after multiple wave pressure system, after the compacting of domain predictive deconvolution, strong more subwaves
Energy is preferably suppressed, and the wave group feature on section is obvious, and earth formation is clear, particularly the carbonate top of section deep layer
Interface, and arch structure form, and pressing result is substantially better than t-x domains predictive deconvolution.But due to predictive deconvolution algorithm
The limitation of itself, obvious more subwaves are still remained after the compacting of tau-p domains predictive deconvolution on stacked section, as Fig. 8 is red
Shown in arrow head part.
The 4.3 high-precision remaining more subwaves of Radon transform compacting
Radon transform belongs to filtering class method, and this method is mainly the difference using multiple wave velocity and significant wave, when
Data are shaken over the ground using effective wave velocity enters timing of taking action, significant wave lineups can relatively be put down, linearly, and the same phase of more subwaves
There is residual move out time in axle, parabolically due to owing dynamic correction.After parabolic Radon transform, effective wave energy master through smoothing
Concentrate near zero q roads；Similar principle, the energy of more subwaves are mainly distributed on non-zero q roads.According to this species diversity, lead to
Cross and more subwaves can be identified using the method for excision from seismic data and separated [9].To avoid direct geological data
Cut off, preferably protect useful signal, the more subwaves separated are carried out drawing eastern inverse transformation by the embodiment of the present invention, for more
Multiple suppression well, subtracting each other using adaptive approach between the two, i.e., utilize least-square filtering method pair before subtracting each other
Multiple wave number evidence and initial data are matched, as shown in figure 9, adaptive subtractive method is more preferable to the pressing result of more subwaves, it is special
It is not red arrow meaning region.When studying area's solution more subwaves of remnants, it is divided into two stages progress：(1) before migration before stack, profit
With the CMP trace gather multiple suppressions after dynamic correction；(2) after migration before stack, based on CRP trace gathers, remaining more subwaves are further solved
Problem.Fig. 9, Figure 10 are respectively the stacked section and migration stack Profile Correlation before and after Radon transform multiple suppression, can be seen
Go out, by Radon transform, remaining more subwaves have been basically eliminated, and structural configuration more conforms to geologic feature, meets structure interpretation
It is required that.
5 conclusions and understanding
XXX survey area seawater is very shallow, in addition to seawater and the two obvious difference of impedance reflecting interfaces of sea, also deposits
In substrate, cause most reflected energy to be limited between these interfaces, cause more subwave severe developmentals, type is more
Sample, and this time using OBC land and waters Two-gap coupled cavity reception pattern, there is certain difference in acquisition mode compared with conventional treatment
It is different.Therefore, it is significant for the follow-up reservoir prediction in research area and fluid identification that these more subwaves how effectively to be suppressed.
By analysis with test, for studying the more subwave development characteristicses in area, the embodiment of the present invention proposes joint multiple elimination thinking, base
Folding is examined in OBC land and waters, combines tau-p domain predictive deconvolutions and high-precision Radon transform, point domain solves step by step stage by stage
The multiple problems in Jue Gai areas.Result of practical application shows that the technology can preferably solve ZZZZXXX multiple problems,
And obtain following understanding：
(1) OBC acquisition modes can obtain two kinds of different P wave datas of attribute in same position, utilize both data
Between polarity difference, the compacting more subwaves of geophone station item can be merged with best match mode, and effect is clearly, due to
There is significant difference in them, therefore, it is necessary to carried out respectively according to its feature in frequecy characteristic, noise types, resolution ratio etc.
Specific aim processing；
(2) phase difference of land and water inspection data and its matching way can all be examined to land and water merges effect generation large effect,
Therefore, need to carry out phasing to land and water inspection data to eliminate difference existing for sub-wave phase feature before the combining, ensure
Seismic data is examined in land and water can realize in-phase stacking when merging；
(3) more subwaves periodically seem more stable in tau-p domains, are not influenceed by offset distance.Therefore enter in tau-p domains
Row predictive deconvolution, its effect are better than t-x domains.When tau-p domains predictive deconvolution will obtain ideal effect, except design parameter
Selection outside, also require that the positive inverse transformations of tau-p have invertibity；
(4) based on the CMP trace gathers after dynamic correction and skew CRP trace gathers, more subwaves can preferably be isolated in Radon domains
Energy, but the multiple wave pattern that inverse transformation is returned has differences with initial data in resolution ratio etc., therefore subtracting each other it
It is preceding first to be matched using adaptive approach, i.e., using least-square filtering method to multiple wave number evidence and original number before subtracting each other
According to being matched, can preferably solve remaining multiple problems.
It is understood that for the person of ordinary skill of the art, it can be conceived with the technique according to the invention and done
Go out other various corresponding changes and deformation, and all these changes and deformation should all belong to the protection model of the claims in the present invention
Enclose.
Claims (5)
- A kind of 1. method for combining compacting shallow sea OBC Multiple Attenuation in Seismic Data, it is characterised in that it comprises the following steps：S1, seismic wave can be recorded using pressure detector and velocity detector simultaneously in submarine cable acquisition mode, gone forward side by side Water-filling land merges；The a variety of repeatedly ripple drawing methods of S2, joint, a point domain is combined multiple elimination stage by stage；The step S1 includes：It is as follows using pressure detector and velocity detector record realization wave field separation up and down, its fundamental formular：U=Scale × Z+P (1)D=Scale × Z-P (2)In above-mentioned formula, U, D are the traveling wave up and down separated, i.e. significant wave and more subwaves respectively；Scale is land and water inspection data Matching attribute；P, Z is the earthquake record that land and water wave detector receives.
- 2. the method for joint compacting shallow sea OBC Multiple Attenuation in Seismic Data as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in thatLand and water, which merges, includes three steps：(1) phase difference correction：Need to determine corresponding phase difference by phasescan；(2) land and water inspection matching factor is demarcated：Need to carry out matching factor demarcation to land and water inspection data before the combining；Land and water simultaneously Also there is phase difference in inspection, advanced horizontal phasing control before demarcation；(3) up-downgoing wave field separation：Data are examined according to land and water to be merged according to matching factor, isolate wave field up and down, it is up Wave field is to suppress the data after the more subwaves of geophone station item.
- 3. the method for joint compacting shallow sea OBC Multiple Attenuation in Seismic Data as claimed in claim 2, it is characterised in thatMatching factor demarcation includes two aspects：Ask for optimal calibration factor and demarcation way choice；Wherein calibration factor α method is to be based on maximum variance norm criterion, and different calibration factors obtains different maximum variances Mould, according to the value of maximum variance module, it is determined that optimal calibration factor；The basic calculating formula of maximum variance module is as follows：<mrow> <mi>V</mi> <mi>a</mi> <mi>r</mi> <mi>m</mi> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mi>&alpha;</mi> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mfrac> <mrow> <munderover> <mo>&Sigma;</mo> <mrow> <mi>n</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> <mn>8</mn> </munderover> <msup> <mi>P</mi> <mi>n</mi> </msup> <msup> <mi>&alpha;</mi> <mi>n</mi> </msup> </mrow> <mrow> <munderover> <mo>&Sigma;</mo> <mrow> <mi>n</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> <mn>8</mn> </munderover> <msup> <mi>Q</mi> <mi>n</mi> </msup> <msup> <mi>&alpha;</mi> <mi>n</mi> </msup> </mrow> </mfrac> <mo>-</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mn>3</mn> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow>In formula, Pn、QnCoefficient respectively in calculation formula, the coefficient only have land and water inspection data relevant；Meanwhile calibration factor α meets below equation<mrow> <mfenced open = "{" close = ""> <mtable> <mtr> <mtd> <mrow> <msub> <mi>T</mi> <mn>0</mn> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mi>T</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <mi>&alpha;</mi> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mi>T</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> <msup> <mi>&alpha;</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msup> <mo>+</mo> <mn>...</mn> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mi>T</mi> <mn>15</mn> </msub> <msup> <mi>&alpha;</mi> <mn>15</mn> </msup> <mo>=</mo> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mtable> <mtr> <mtd> <mrow> <msub> <mi>T</mi> <mi>n</mi> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <munderover> <mi>&Sigma;</mi> <mrow> <mi>m</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>n</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </munderover> <mi>m</mi> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <msup> <mi>P</mi> <mi>m</mi> </msup> <msup> <mi>Q</mi> <mrow> <mi>n</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mi>m</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mo>-</mo> <msup> <mi>Q</mi> <mi>m</mi> </msup> <msup> <mi>P</mi> <mrow> <mi>n</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mi>m</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </mtd> <mtd> <mrow> <mi>n</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mn>...</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mn>15</mn> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mtable> <mtr> <mtd> <mrow> <msup> <mi>P</mi> <mi>n</mi> </msup> <mo>=</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo>,</mo> <msup> <mi>Q</mi> <mi>n</mi> </msup> <mo>=</mo> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </mtd> <mtd> <mrow> <mi>n</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>9</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mn>10</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mn>11</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mn>...</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mn>16</mn> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mfenced> <mo>-</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mn>4</mn> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow>By solving above-mentioned equation (4), 15 characteristic root α corresponding to α are obtainedn, n=1,2 ..., 15；They are substituted into formula respectively, Obtain different Varm (αn), α corresponding to maximum Varm is exactly best match factor-alphabest, i.e.,：αbest=max { Varm (α1),Varm(α2),…,Varm(α15)} (5)It is determined that after optimal calibration factor, land and water inspection data are merged.
- 4. the method for joint compacting shallow sea OBC Multiple Attenuation in Seismic Data as claimed in claim 3, it is characterised in thatThe step S2 includes：It is two major classes by multiple wavelength-division：The more subwaves of geophone station item, the more subwaves of shot point item；Based on the polarity difference of land and water inspection component down-going wave fields, the water inspection folding compacting more subwaves of geophone station item are used；Compacting is combined for the more subwaves of shot point item, first using tau-p domains predictive deconvolution, is then based on after moving correction CMP trace gathers, solve remaining more subwaves by high-precision Radon transform；After migration before stack, CRP trace gathers are obtained, the influence of more subwaves is also remained above this trace gather, are reused high-precision Spend Radon transform and solve remaining more subwaves.
- 5. the method for joint compacting shallow sea OBC Multiple Attenuation in Seismic Data as claimed in claim 4, it is characterised in thatAdaptive matching subtraction technique is introduced in high-precision Radon transform method, is divided into three steps：First, with Radon transform, data field conversion is carried out to geological data, La Dong domains are converted it to, in La Dong domains significant wave Different places is distributed in multiple wave energy, the multiple wave energy in remote q roads is cut off, obtains the multiple wave energy point in La Dong domains Cloth；Then, the energy of more subwaves is transformed into domain by anti-Radon transform, obtains multiple wave pattern；Finally, by adaptive Matching attenuation technology, more subwaves are subtracted from initial data.
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