CN109355578A - A kind of preparation method of 1000MPa rank heat treatment wheel - Google Patents
A kind of preparation method of 1000MPa rank heat treatment wheel Download PDFInfo
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- CN109355578A CN109355578A CN201811530071.7A CN201811530071A CN109355578A CN 109355578 A CN109355578 A CN 109355578A CN 201811530071 A CN201811530071 A CN 201811530071A CN 109355578 A CN109355578 A CN 109355578A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P15/00—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/26—Methods of annealing
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/56—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering characterised by the quenching agents
- C21D1/607—Molten salts
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/34—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for tyres; for rims
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/50—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for welded joints
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/002—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing In, Mg, or other elements not provided for in one single group C22C38/001 - C22C38/60
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/06—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing aluminium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/001—Austenite
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/008—Martensite
Abstract
The invention belongs to mechanical manufacturing fields, and in particular to a kind of preparation method of 1000MPa rank heat treatment wheel.Technical solution is as follows: step 1) selects steel, the chemical component mass percent of steel are as follows: C 0.15~0.20, Si 0.7~1.17, Mn 1.2~2.2, Al 0.02~0.06, P 0.015~0.02, surplus are Fe and inevitable impurity；Step 2) manufactures the wheel spoke and rim for automobile wheel of size qualification using selected steel using conventional production process；The wheel spoke and rim for automobile wheel are synthesized to the wheel of size qualification using conventional production process；Step 3) is heat-treated the wheel, heat treatment procedure are as follows: the wheel is heated to 790-810 DEG C first, is come out of the stove, when being cooled to 780-786 DEG C in air, enter salt bath Cooling Quenching to 235-245 DEG C, be heated to 320-340 DEG C, is air-cooled to 100 DEG C or less hot water wash.Wheel profile size produced by the present invention is met the requirements of the standard, and overall physical properties are optimized.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to mechanical manufacturing fields, and in particular to a kind of preparation method of 1000MPa rank heat treatment wheel.
Background technique
When manufacturing steel wheel, wheel spoke conventional production process includes: blanking, rushes centre bore and bolt hole, spinning, punching
Air holes expands bolt hole, turnery processing；Rim for automobile wheel conventional production process include: edge rolling, flash butt welding, rolling, end cut, fourth contact,
Flaring, contour roll forming, expanding shaping, valve hole；Wheel is made by synthesizing welder's sequence with rim for automobile wheel in wheel spoke.
Materials with High Strength used in steel wheel conventional fabrication processes at present, generallys use tensile strength 400MPa's or so
Material, individual highest also only 700MPa or so.Main cause: first is that equipment processing ability is insufficient, second is that Materials with High Strength is welded
It is bad to connect performance.
Heat treatment is a kind of method for improving material comprehensive mechanical performance, if the conventional production of advanced driving wheel, at reheating
Reason can solve the problems such as equipment processing ability is insufficient, welding performance is bad, cold working stress is concentrated, but solid wheel is heat-treated
Deformation control difficulty is big, is suitble to the material cost of heat treatment high, still belongs to empty exclusively for the designed heat treatment process of wheel production
It is white, thus this method is not used by wheel manufacturer.
As is well known, it is most difficult that steel is occurred in quenching process size, change in shape are that heat treatment work faces
One of the problem of.Compared with common wheel, the wall thickness of lightweight wheel is relatively thin, and non-deformability is relatively weak.Transformation stress is
It the main reason for heat-treatment distortion, and the thermal stress rationally generated using ectonexine cooling rate difference when quenching, can be maximum
It offsets and is deformed caused by transformation stress, this just needs us to find the techniques such as one group of hardening heat, cooling velocity, cooling extent ginseng
Several optimal combination.In addition, solving the problems, such as heating and inhomogeneous cooling, selecting suitable cooling medium, improve conventional vehicle wheel production
Technique is all the completely new project in wheel heat processing production technology.
Summary of the invention
The present invention provides a kind of preparation method of 1000MPa rank heat treatment wheel, and wheel profile size obtained meets
Standard requirements, overall physical properties are optimized, tensile strength 900-1100MPa, yield strength 550-650MPa, are extended
Rate is 22-27%, yield tensile ratio 60%, strength and ductility product 24300MPa%.
Technical scheme is as follows:
A kind of preparation method of 1000MPa rank heat treatment wheel, comprising the following steps:
Step 1) selects steel, the chemical component mass percent of steel are as follows: C 0.15~0.20, Si 0.7~1.17,
Mn 1.2~2.2, Al 0.02~0.06, P 0.015~0.02, surplus are Fe and inevitable impurity；
Step 2) manufactures the wheel spoke and rim for automobile wheel of size qualification using selected steel using conventional production process；It adopts
The wheel spoke and rim for automobile wheel are synthesized to the wheel of size qualification with conventional production process；
Step 3) is heat-treated the wheel, heat treatment procedure are as follows: the wheel is heated to 790-810 first
DEG C, it comes out of the stove, when being cooled to 780-786 DEG C in air, enters salt bath Cooling Quenching to 235-245 DEG C, be heated to 320-340
DEG C, it is air-cooled to 100 DEG C or less hot water wash.
The preparation method of the 1000MPa rank heat treatment wheel, preferred embodiment is, described in the step 2)
Wall thickness increases 0.5-1.0mm at the common wheel air holes of wall ratio same specification at the air holes of wheel spoke.
The preparation method of the 1000MPa rank heat treatment wheel, preferred embodiment is, in the step 2), wheel
Wheel rim makes annealing treatment weld seam after flash butt welding process.
The preparation method of the 1000MPa rank heat treatment wheel, preferred embodiment is, in the step 2), expanding
The expanding amount of trimming is increased to the 1.4% of blank size.
The preparation method of the 1000MPa rank heat treatment wheel, preferred embodiment is, in the step 2), is closing
At in welder's sequence, component of weld wire used includes: C 0.15~0.20, Si 0.7~1.17, Mn 1.2~2.2.
The preparation method of the 1000MPa rank heat treatment wheel, preferred embodiment is, in the step 3), heating
Furnace is anaerobic walking beam furnace, wheel and wheel, wheel and tweer away from >=200mm, and the heating and thermal insulation time is 20-30min.
The preparation method of the 1000MPa rank heat treatment wheel, preferred embodiment is, described in the step 3)
Wheel is sent to 235~245 DEG C of salt bath quenching machines, and away from quenching 20~30mm of liquid level, spoke bottom is downward, is horizontally arranged, and waits vehicle
Wheel rims is taken turns when temperature is down to 780~786 DEG C in air, opens quenching salt liquid pump, increase quenching salt liquid level, upper raising speed
30mm/s is spent, the wheel submerges quenching salt completely, until the wheel is rotated around center axis thereof under liquid level at 100mm, rotation
Speed is 10~15r/min, 1~2min of cool time.
The preparation method of the 1000MPa rank heat treatment wheel, preferred embodiment is, described in the step 3)
High-temperature salt bath stove heating, soaking time 30-45min/mm are transferred quickly to after wheel quenching.
Heat treatment process of the invention include hardening phase, with stage by stage with cold stage eventually, quenched after austenitizing
It is cooled to hardening heat (between Ms and Mf), portions turn is martensite；It is then heated to partition temperature, passes through partition, C atom
It is diffused into from supersaturated martensite and does not change austenite, its martensite transformation temperature Ms point is reduced, so that it is cooled to room temperature
Become retained austenite afterwards；It include certain retained austenite in structure of steel, so that steel was stretching by quenching partition technique
Not only it had been able to maintain higher tensile strength in journey, but also has been able to maintain higher elongation percentage.
The invention has the benefit that
1, selected materials of the present invention are different from second generation Materials with High Strength, and no rare alloy composition addition is low in cost, especially
It is suitable for QP techniques.
2, Si 0.07-1.17, Al 0.02-0.06, P 0.015-0.02, Al element can inhibit in steel of the invention
The precipitation of cementite improves the stability of retained austenite, is conducive to the improvement of mechanical property, Al is as a kind of solution strengthening member
The intensity of steel can be improved in element；Si, P element solid solution strengthening effect can be improved the intensity of steel.
3, it dissects whole wheel and carries out complete detection, each position physical property is consistent, even tissue, and retained austenite content is
15-18% improves the performance of common process weld affected zone, solves the problems, such as that Local Property caused by processing hardening is bad,
Tensile strength is 900-1100MPa, yield strength 550-650MPa, elongation percentage 22-27%, and yield tensile ratio 60% is weak
The strength and ductility product of point is promoted to 24300MPa% by 5700MPa%.
4, the wheel that the present invention produces, single-wheel weight reduce 30-50%, have saved material consumption and energy consumption,
Carrying capacity is improved simultaneously；By fatigue detecting, the wheel under the experimental condition using regulation parameter 150%, also can by the service life
150% or more to be up to state standards.
5, the heat treatment procedure in the present invention: wheel is come out of the stove after being heated to austenitizing temperature, and rim for automobile wheel wheel rim is in sky
After slowly cooling to 780-786 DEG C in gas, inside wheel microstructure homogenization, crystal grain refinement reenters salt bath and is quenched, due to quenching
The temperature difference reduces during fire, is formed uniformly lath martensite along wheel circumference, will not cause part deformation, to guarantee part
Final size is qualified.780-786 DEG C of this temperature range must assure that, when being higher than 786 DEG C, martensitic structure is generated excessively acute
It is strong, part deformation can be caused, cause part final size overproof；At 780 DEG C or less, very few, the part of martensitic structure generation
Intensity is not up to standard, simultaneously because the residence time is too long in air, wheel rim and the spoke temperature difference is caused to increase, oxidation aggravation, quenching
Uniformity is deteriorated, and deformation is caused to aggravate.
6, wall thickness increases 0.5-1.0mm at the common wheel air holes of wall ratio same specification at the air holes of the wheel spoke,
Guarantee that wheel overally supports ability, enhance wheel stiffnesses, can prevent from being deformed when heat treatment；The expanding of expanding trimming
Amount is not less than the 1.4% of blank size, can reduce elastic properties of materials deformation coefficient, and strengthening material internal organizational structure reduces vehicle
Take turns the deformation of heat treatment.
7, the main reason for transformation stress is heat-treatment distortion, and the heat rationally generated using ectonexine cooling rate difference when quenching
Stress can offset deformation caused by transformation stress to greatest extent.The present invention passes through hardening heat, cooling velocity, cooling width
The optimal combination of the technological parameters such as degree, selects suitable cooling medium, solves the problems, such as heating and inhomogeneous cooling, meets at wheel heat
The requirement of science and engineering skill.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is rim for automobile wheel section view；
Fig. 2 is wheel spoke main view；
Fig. 3 is wheel spoke side view；
Fig. 4 is car wheel structure figure；
Fig. 5 is the metallographic structure micrograph of product in embodiment；
Fig. 6 is the metallographic structure scanning electron microscope (SEM) photograph of product in embodiment；
Fig. 7 is the fine structure map of product in embodiment.
Specific embodiment
A kind of preparation method of 1000MPa rank heat treatment wheel, comprising the following steps:
Step 1) selects steel, the chemical component mass percentage of steel are as follows: C 0.19, Si 1.13, Mn 1.76, Al
0.04, P 0.018, surplus is Fe and inevitable impurity；The tensile strength of the steel is 670MPa, and yield strength is
450MPa；
Step 2) as shown in Figs 1-4, the wheel spoke 3 of size qualification, wheel is manufactured using steel using conventional production process
Spoke sheet thickness 9mm, thickness 5.5mm at air holes 4 after processing,；Size qualification is manufactured using conventional production process using steel
Rim for automobile wheel 1 anneals to weld seam after flash butt welding process, expanding process expanding amount 25mm；Wheel spoke 3 and vehicle wheel
Rim 1 manufactures the wheel of size qualification, component of weld wire are as follows: C 0.18, Si1.14, Mn 1.74 using synthesis Welding；
Step 3) is heat-treated the wheel, and wheel is heated in 800 DEG C of anaerobic walking beam furnace；20 points of heat preservation
Clock；Wheel is sent to 240 DEG C of salt bath quenching machines, wheel clamping makes wheel tracks quenching liquid level 20mm to be quenched, spoke in place
Bottom is downward, is horizontally arranged, and waiting rim for automobile wheel wheel rim 2, temperature is down to 783 DEG C in air, while opening quenching salt liquid pump, makes
Liquid level rises, and rate of climb 30mm/s, wheel submerges quenching salt completely, until under liquid level 100mm at, clamping device with motor car wheel around
Center axis thereof rotation, rotation speed 10r/min, cool time 2min；Quenching rear wheel is transferred quickly to high-temperature salt bath
330 DEG C of salt bath temperings of furnace after heating and thermal insulation 30 minutes, are air-cooled to 90 DEG C, hot water cleaning.
Wheel tensile strength obtained reaches 1010MPa, and yield strength reaches 615MPa, surveys dynamic balancing and key position ruler
Very little to comply fully with technical requirements, circumference bounce before heat treatment than making moderate progress；Its interior tissue is martensite as illustrated in figs. 5-7
And retained austenite, residual austenite content 16%；Lath martensite and film-form austenite structure ensure that the height of steel
Intensity and high tenacity；By dissecting whole wheel, complete examination, each position physical property is consistent, welding heat affected area, and no processing is hard
The problems such as elongation percentage caused by change is too low；By fatigue detecting, the wheel under the experimental condition using regulation parameter 150%,
Service life be still up to state standards 150% or more, but weight is only equivalent to the 65% of same specification common wheel.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of preparation method of 1000MPa rank heat treatment wheel, which comprises the following steps:
Step 1) selects steel, the chemical component mass percent of steel are as follows: C 0.15~0.20, Si 0.7~1.17, Mn
1.2~2.2, Al 0.02~0.06, P 0.015~0.02, surplus are Fe and inevitable impurity；
Step 2) manufactures the wheel spoke and rim for automobile wheel of size qualification using selected steel using conventional production process；Using normal
The wheel spoke and rim for automobile wheel are synthesized the wheel of size qualification by rule production technology；
Step 3) is heat-treated the wheel, heat treatment procedure are as follows: the wheel is heated to 790-810 DEG C first, out
Furnace when being cooled to 780-786 DEG C in air, enters salt bath Cooling Quenching to 235-245 DEG C, is heated to 320-340 DEG C, air-cooled
To 100 DEG C or less hot water wash.
2. the preparation method of 1000MPa rank heat treatment wheel according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the step
2) in, wall thickness increases 0.5-1.0mm at the common wheel air holes of wall ratio same specification at the air holes of the wheel spoke.
3. the preparation method of 1000MPa rank heat treatment wheel according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the step
2) in, rim for automobile wheel makes annealing treatment weld seam after flash butt welding process.
4. the preparation method of 1000MPa rank heat treatment wheel according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the step
2) in, the expanding amount of expanding trimming is not less than the 1.4% of blank size.
5. the preparation method of 1000MPa rank heat treatment wheel according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the step
2) in, in synthesis welder's sequence, component of weld wire used includes: C 0.15~0.20, Si 0.7~1.17, Mn 1.2~2.2.
6. the preparation method of 1000MPa rank heat treatment wheel according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the step
3) in, heating furnace is anaerobic walking beam furnace, and away from >=200mm, the heating and thermal insulation time is for wheel and wheel, wheel and tweer
20-30min。
7. the preparation method of 1000MPa rank heat treatment wheel according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the step
3) in, the wheel is sent to 235-245 DEG C of salt bath quenching machine, and away from quenching 20~30mm of liquid level, spoke bottom is downward, and level is put
It sets, waits rim for automobile wheel wheel rim when temperature is down to 780~786 DEG C in air, open quenching salt liquid pump, make on quenching salt liquid level
It rises, rate of climb 30mm/s, the wheel submerges quenching salt completely, until the wheel is around center axis thereof under liquid level at 100mm
Rotation, rotation speed are 10~15r/min, 1~2min of cool time.
8. the preparation method of 1000MPa rank heat treatment wheel according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the step
3) in, high-temperature salt bath stove heating, soaking time 30-45min are transferred to after the wheel quenching.
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| CN201811530071.7A CN109355578B (en) | 2018-12-14 | 2018-12-14 | Preparation method of 1000 MPa-level heat-treated wheel |
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| CN201811530071.7A CN109355578B (en) | 2018-12-14 | 2018-12-14 | Preparation method of 1000 MPa-level heat-treated wheel |
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