CN109355507B - Energy-saving system of high-efficiency smelting furnace and energy-saving smelting process - Google Patents
Energy-saving system of high-efficiency smelting furnace and energy-saving smelting process Download PDFInfo
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- CN109355507B CN109355507B CN201811471946.0A CN201811471946A CN109355507B CN 109355507 B CN109355507 B CN 109355507B CN 201811471946 A CN201811471946 A CN 201811471946A CN 109355507 B CN109355507 B CN 109355507B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B7/00—Working up raw materials other than ores, e.g. scrap, to produce non-ferrous metals and compounds thereof; Methods of a general interest or applied to the winning of more than two metals
- C22B7/001—Dry processes
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
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- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
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- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Waste-Gas Treatment And Other Accessory Devices For Furnaces (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses an energy-saving system of a high-efficiency smelting furnace, which comprises the smelting furnace, wherein the smelting furnace is provided with a furnace door, a burner and an exhaust pipe; the smelting furnace is characterized by comprising two or more smelting furnaces which are arranged side by side; a retaining wall for isolating molten metal from smelting but not isolating gas is arranged between adjacent smelting furnaces; the invention also discloses an energy-saving smelting process, which can effectively reduce the consumption of smelting heat and achieve the purposes of energy conservation and emission reduction.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of waste metal recovery production equipment, in particular to an energy-saving system of a high-efficiency smelting furnace and an energy-saving smelting process.
Background
CN201420587127.3 discloses a waste heat recovery system of nonferrous metal smelting furnace, the nonferrous metal smelting furnace is a fuel oil or gas smelting furnace, the waste heat recovery system is communicated with an exhaust gas outlet of the nonferrous metal smelting furnace, the waste heat recovery system comprises a gas collecting flue provided with a flue gas inlet and a flue gas outlet, the flue gas inlet of the gas collecting flue is communicated with the exhaust gas outlet of the fuel oil or gas smelting furnace through an air supply pipeline, the waste heat recovery system comprises a temperature regulating device, a superheater, a waste heat boiler and a hot blast furnace which are sequentially connected with the gas collecting flue through the air supply pipeline, the waste heat recovery system of the nonferrous metal smelting furnace can realize the on-line utilization of high-temperature waste gas, converts the high-temperature waste gas into heat energy required by production and life, reduces energy consumption, reduces investment and maintenance of high-temperature waste gas treatment equipment, has popularization value, and has social and economic benefits.
The aim of this solution is to convert the waste heat of the exhaust gases into domestic heat.
The above technique is feasible and reliable because the grade of heat of the domestic heat is not high.
In the prior art, two major problems exist in metal smelting: 1. because smelting belongs to an intermittent processing technology, the furnace temperature is easy to be rapidly reduced in the process of feeding and discharging in a furnace stopping manner, and when smelting is performed again, a large amount of heat is required to be consumed to raise the furnace temperature; 2. the heat required for smelting the unit weight of metal is high.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an energy-saving system and an energy-saving smelting process of a high-efficiency smelting furnace, which can effectively reduce smelting heat consumption and achieve the purposes of energy conservation and emission reduction.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: an energy-saving system of a high-efficiency smelting furnace comprises the smelting furnace, wherein a furnace door, a burner and an exhaust pipe are arranged on the smelting furnace; the smelting furnaces are two or more arranged side by side; retaining walls which are used for isolating molten metal but not isolating gas are arranged between the adjacent smelting furnaces.
In the energy-saving system of the high-efficiency smelting furnace, the exhaust pipe is connected with an exhaust main pipe; the burner is provided with an oil supply pipe and an air supply pipe; a water cooler is arranged in the furnace door; the water cooler is connected with a circulating water supply pipe; the oil supply pipe is connected to the oil storage tank; the air supply pipe is connected to the fan;
the device also comprises an air preheating unit, a first oil preheating unit, a second oil preheating unit and a third oil preheating unit;
the air preheating unit comprises a first air preheating mechanism for absorbing waste heat of waste gas in the waste gas exhaust pipe, a second air preheating mechanism for absorbing waste gas in the exhaust manifold and an exhaust pipe which are connected in sequence, wherein the first air preheating mechanism is connected to the fan, and the exhaust pipe is connected to the air supply pipe;
the heat exchange is carried out between the oil supply pipe and the exhaust manifold through a first oil preheating unit;
the oil storage tank and the exhaust manifold exchange heat through a second oil preheating unit;
the circulating water supply pipe comprises a water inlet section connected with the inlet of the water cooler and a water outlet section connected with the outlet of the water cooler; the heat exchange is carried out between the oil supply pipe and the water outlet section through a third oil preheating unit;
the fuel oil in the oil storage tank sequentially exchanges heat through the second oil preheating unit, the third oil preheating unit and the first oil preheating unit and then enters the combustor.
In the energy-saving system of the high-efficiency smelting furnace, the first oil preheating unit comprises a first circulating water heat exchange jacket sleeved on the exhaust manifold and a second circulating water heat exchange jacket sleeved on the oil supply pipe; the outlet of the first circulating water heat exchange jacket is connected to the inlet of the second circulating water heat exchange jacket.
In the energy-saving system of the high-efficiency smelting furnace, the waste gas in the exhaust manifold sequentially passes through the first air preheating mechanism, the second air preheating mechanism and the first oil preheating unit to absorb heat.
In the energy-saving system of the high-efficiency smelting furnace, the first air preheating mechanism is a first air jacket sleeved on the exhaust pipe, and the second air preheating mechanism is a second air jacket sleeved on the exhaust manifold.
In the energy-saving system of the high-efficiency smelting furnace, the third oil preheating unit is an oil heat exchange jacket sleeved on the water outlet section and connected with the oil supply pipe and/or a third circulating water heat exchange jacket sleeved on the oil supply pipe and connected with the water outlet section.
The energy-saving system of the high-efficiency smelting furnace further comprises a circulating water tank and a water pump, wherein the circulating water tank, the water pump, the water inlet section, the water cooler and the water outlet section are connected to form a circulating water loop.
In the energy-saving system of the high-efficiency smelting furnace, the second oil preheating unit is an oil heat exchange tube which is arranged in the oil storage tank and is communicated with the exhaust manifold.
The invention also discloses an energy-saving smelting process of the high-efficiency smelting furnace, and the process is implemented by the energy-saving system of the high-efficiency smelting furnace;
alternately smelting in adjacent smelting furnaces; when any smelting furnace is shut down, the furnace temperature is maintained by the gas in the adjacent smelting furnace.
As an improvement to the above process, the process is implemented by the energy-saving system of the high-efficiency smelting furnace;
alternately smelting in adjacent smelting furnaces; when any smelting furnace is shut down, the furnace temperature is maintained by the gas in the adjacent smelting furnace;
the waste gas sequentially passes through the first air preheating mechanism, the second air preheating mechanism, the first oil preheating unit and the second oil preheating unit to absorb heat in the waste gas;
the combustion air supplied by the fan sequentially passes through the first air preheating mechanism and the second air preheating mechanism to be heated and then enters the burner;
the fuel oil sequentially passes through the second oil preheating unit, the third oil preheating unit and the first oil preheating unit to exchange heat and then enters the combustor.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the scheme realizes the maintenance of the furnace temperature through the retaining wall, specifically, adjacent smelting furnaces alternately smelt; since the retaining wall is gas-permeable, when any smelting furnace is shut down, the furnace temperature is maintained by the gas in the adjacent smelting furnace.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of embodiments 1-3 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the specific embodiments, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, the energy-saving system of the high-efficiency smelting furnace comprises a smelting furnace 1, wherein a furnace door 2, a combustor 3 and an exhaust gas pipe 4 are arranged on the smelting furnace 1; the smelting furnaces 1 are arranged in parallel; a retaining wall 5 for isolating molten metal from smelting but not isolating gas is arranged between adjacent smelting furnaces 1.
The retaining wall 5 is provided with a plurality of air guide holes or air guide slits at the top of the retaining wall 5 or fireproof rotary parts with a plurality of capillary holes, and the like, so that the purpose of the arrangement is that two smelting furnaces 1 do not work simultaneously in the production process, one smelting furnace 1 works, the other smelting furnace 1 needs to stop the furnace when feeding and discharging metal liquid, and when the furnace is stopped, the hot air in the working smelting furnace 1 can enter the smelting furnace 1 in the furnace stopping due to the existence of the retaining wall 5, so that the temperature reduction caused by the furnace stopping is avoided. Because once the furnace temperature is lowered, the furnace temperature is raised again to consume a great deal of heat
In practical application, adjacent smelting furnaces 1 alternately smelt; since the retaining wall 5 is gas-permeable, the furnace temperature is maintained by the gas in the adjacent smelting furnace 1 when any smelting furnace 1 is shut down.
This avoids a sharp drop in the furnace temperature when any of the smelting furnaces 1 is shut down, and avoids consuming a large amount of heat to maintain the furnace temperature when remelting.
Example 2
As shown in fig. 1, the energy-saving system of the high-efficiency smelting furnace comprises a smelting furnace 1, wherein a furnace door 2, a combustor 3 and an exhaust gas pipe 4 are arranged on the smelting furnace 1; the smelting furnaces 1 are arranged in parallel; a retaining wall 5 for isolating molten metal from smelting but not isolating gas is arranged between the adjacent smelting furnaces 1; the exhaust pipe 4 is connected with an exhaust manifold 6; the burner 3 is provided with an oil supply pipe 7 and an air supply pipe 8; a water cooler 9 is arranged in the furnace door 2; the water cooler 9 is connected with a circulating water supply pipe; the oil supply pipe 7 is connected to the oil storage tank 22; the air supply pipe 8 is connected to a fan 12;
also includes an air preheating unit, a first oil preheating unit, a second oil preheating unit, a third oil preheating unit 18;
the air preheating unit comprises a first air preheating mechanism 13 for absorbing waste heat of waste gas in the waste gas exhaust pipe 4, a second air preheating mechanism 14 for absorbing waste gas in the exhaust manifold 6 and an exhaust pipe 15 which are connected in sequence, wherein the first air preheating mechanism 13 is connected to a fan 12, and the exhaust pipe 15 is connected to the air supply pipe 8;
the heat exchange is carried out between the oil supply pipe 7 and the exhaust manifold 6 through a first oil preheating unit;
the oil storage tank 22 and the exhaust manifold 6 exchange heat through a second oil preheating unit;
the circulating water supply pipe comprises a water inlet section 10 connected with the inlet of the water cooler 9 and a water outlet section 11 connected with the outlet of the water cooler 9; the heat exchange is carried out between the oil supply pipe 7 and the water outlet section 11 through a third oil preheating unit 18;
the fuel oil in the oil reservoir 22 is fed into the burner 3 after heat exchange by the second oil preheating unit, the third oil preheating unit 18, and the first oil preheating unit in this order.
In practical application, adjacent smelting furnaces 1 alternately smelt; since the retaining wall 5 is gas-permeable, the furnace temperature is maintained by the gas in the adjacent smelting furnace 1 when any smelting furnace 1 is shut down.
This avoids a sharp drop in the furnace temperature when any of the smelting furnaces 1 is shut down, and avoids consuming a large amount of heat to maintain the furnace temperature when remelting.
Meanwhile, the present embodiment sequentially heats the fuel oil using the second oil preheating unit, the third oil preheating unit 18, and the first oil preheating unit;
the air is heated by the first air preheating mechanism 13 and the second air preheating mechanism 14.
The low-grade heat recycling of the furnace door 2 and the high-grade heat recycling of the waste gas are realized, the collocation is reasonable, the temperature of oil and air is increased stepwise, and the maximum preheating utilization of the smelting furnace 1 is realized.
Meanwhile, after treatment, before the oil and the gas enter the burner 3 for mixing, the air can be heated to 150-250 ℃; the fuel oil can be heated to above 90 ℃, and the temperature of the waste gas can be reduced from 250 ℃ to 450 ℃ to normal temperature.
The comprehensive heat utilization rate of the system can reach 88%; the furnace temperature can be increased to above 1200 ℃. Without the above improvement, the furnace temperature can only reach 1000 ℃.
As a further improvement of the embodiment, the first oil preheating unit comprises a first circulating water heat exchange jacket 16 sleeved on the exhaust manifold 6 and a second circulating water heat exchange jacket 17 sleeved on the oil supply pipe 7; the outlet of the first circulating water heat exchange jacket 16 is connected to the inlet of the second circulating water heat exchange jacket 17, waste gas in the exhaust manifold 6 absorbs heat through the first air preheating mechanism 13, the second air preheating mechanism 14 and the first oil preheating unit in sequence, the first air preheating mechanism 13 is a first air jacket sleeved on the waste gas exhaust pipe 4, the second air preheating mechanism 14 is a second air jacket sleeved on the exhaust manifold 6, and the third oil preheating unit 18 is an oil heat exchange jacket sleeved on the water outlet section 11 and connected with the oil supply pipe 7 and/or a third circulating water heat exchange jacket sleeved on the oil supply pipe 7 and connected with the water outlet section 11. The second oil preheating unit is an oil heat exchange tube 19 which is arranged in the oil storage tank 22 and is communicated with the exhaust manifold 6.
In addition, the device also comprises a circulating water tank 20 and a water pump 21, wherein the circulating water tank 20, the water pump 21, the water inlet section 10, the water cooler 9 and the water outlet section 11 are connected to form a circulating water loop.
The first circulating water heat exchange jacket 16, the second circulating water heat exchange jacket 17, the first air jacket, the second air jacket, the oil heat exchange jacket and/or the third circulating water heat exchange jacket can be provided with heat exchange fins, and the oil heat exchange pipe 19 can be any form of heat conduction pipe such as a coil pipe, an elbow pipe and the like which can be placed in the oil storage tank 22.
Example 3
As shown in fig. 1, an energy-saving smelting process of a high-efficiency smelting furnace is implemented by an energy-saving system of a high-efficiency smelting furnace 1 as described in an embodiment 2;
adjacent smelting furnaces 1 alternately smelt; when any smelting furnace 1 is shut down, the furnace temperature is maintained by the gas in the adjacent smelting furnace 1;
the waste gas sequentially passes through a first air preheating mechanism 13, a second air preheating mechanism 14, a first oil preheating unit and a second oil preheating unit to absorb heat in the waste gas;
the combustion air supplied by the fan 12 is heated by the first air preheating mechanism 13 and the second air preheating mechanism 14 in sequence and then enters the combustor 3;
the fuel oil sequentially passes through the second oil preheating unit, the third oil preheating unit 18 and the first oil preheating unit to exchange heat and then enters the combustor 3
Through the improvement, after treatment, the air can be heated to 150-250 ℃ before the oil and the gas enter the burner 3 for mixing; the fuel oil can be heated to above 90 ℃, and the temperature of the waste gas can be reduced from 250 ℃ to 450 ℃ to normal temperature.
The comprehensive heat utilization rate of the system can reach 88%; the furnace temperature can be increased to above 1200 ℃. Without the above improvement, the furnace temperature can only reach 1000 ℃.
The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the invention is intended to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (9)
1. An energy-saving system of a high-efficiency smelting furnace comprises the smelting furnace, wherein a furnace door, a burner and an exhaust pipe are arranged on the smelting furnace; the smelting furnace is characterized by comprising two or more smelting furnaces which are arranged side by side; a retaining wall for isolating molten metal from gas is arranged between adjacent smelting furnaces, and an exhaust manifold is connected to the exhaust pipe; the burner is provided with an oil supply pipe and an air supply pipe; a water cooler is arranged in the furnace door; the water cooler is connected with a circulating water supply pipe; the oil supply pipe is connected to the oil storage tank; the air supply pipe is connected to the fan;
the device also comprises an air preheating unit, a first oil preheating unit, a second oil preheating unit and a third oil preheating unit;
the air preheating unit comprises a first air preheating mechanism for absorbing waste heat of waste gas in the waste gas exhaust pipe, a second air preheating mechanism for absorbing waste gas in the exhaust manifold and an exhaust pipe which are connected in sequence, wherein the first air preheating mechanism is connected to the fan, and the exhaust pipe is connected to the air supply pipe;
the heat exchange is carried out between the oil supply pipe and the exhaust manifold through a first oil preheating unit;
the oil storage tank and the exhaust manifold exchange heat through a second oil preheating unit;
the circulating water supply pipe comprises a water inlet section connected with the inlet of the water cooler and a water outlet section connected with the outlet of the water cooler; the heat exchange is carried out between the oil supply pipe and the water outlet section through a third oil preheating unit;
the fuel oil in the oil storage tank sequentially exchanges heat through the second oil preheating unit, the third oil preheating unit and the first oil preheating unit and then enters the combustor.
2. The energy-saving system of the high-efficiency smelting furnace according to claim 1, wherein the first oil preheating unit comprises a first circulating water heat exchange jacket sleeved on an exhaust manifold and a second circulating water heat exchange jacket sleeved on an oil supply pipe; the outlet of the first circulating water heat exchange jacket is connected to the inlet of the second circulating water heat exchange jacket.
3. The energy-saving system of the high-efficiency smelting furnace according to claim 1, wherein the exhaust gas in the exhaust manifold sequentially passes through the first air preheating mechanism, the second air preheating mechanism and the first oil preheating unit to absorb heat.
4. The energy-saving system of the high-efficiency smelting furnace according to claim 3, wherein the first air preheating mechanism is a first air jacket sleeved on the exhaust pipe, and the second air preheating mechanism is a second air jacket sleeved on the exhaust manifold.
5. The energy-saving system of the high-efficiency smelting furnace according to claim 1, wherein the third oil preheating unit is an oil heat exchange jacket sleeved on the water outlet section and connected with the oil supply pipe and/or a third circulating water heat exchange jacket sleeved on the oil supply pipe and connected with the water outlet section.
6. The energy-saving system of the high-efficiency smelting furnace according to any one of claims 1 to 5, further comprising a circulating water tank and a water pump, wherein the circulating water tank, the water pump, the water inlet section, the water cooler and the water outlet section are connected to form a circulating water loop.
7. The energy saving system of the high efficiency smelting furnace according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the second oil preheating unit is an oil heat exchanging pipe which is placed in the oil storage tank and is communicated with the exhaust manifold.
8. An energy-saving smelting process of a high-efficiency smelting furnace, characterized in that the process is implemented by the energy-saving system of the high-efficiency smelting furnace according to any one of claims 1 to 7;
alternately smelting in adjacent smelting furnaces; when any smelting furnace is shut down, the furnace temperature is maintained by the gas in the adjacent smelting furnace.
9. An energy-saving smelting process of a high-efficiency smelting furnace, characterized in that the process is implemented by the energy-saving system of the high-efficiency smelting furnace according to any one of claims 1 to 7;
alternately smelting in adjacent smelting furnaces; when any smelting furnace is shut down, the furnace temperature is maintained by the gas in the adjacent smelting furnace;
the waste gas sequentially passes through the first air preheating mechanism, the second air preheating mechanism, the first oil preheating unit and the second oil preheating unit to absorb heat in the waste gas;
the combustion air supplied by the fan sequentially passes through the first air preheating mechanism and the second air preheating mechanism to be heated and then enters the burner;
the fuel oil sequentially passes through the second oil preheating unit, the third oil preheating unit and the first oil preheating unit to exchange heat and then enters the combustor.
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