CN109351960A - Heat-insulated alloy composite and preparation method thereof suitable for vacuum melting furnace - Google Patents
Heat-insulated alloy composite and preparation method thereof suitable for vacuum melting furnace Download PDFInfo
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- CN109351960A CN109351960A CN201811368454.9A CN201811368454A CN109351960A CN 109351960 A CN109351960 A CN 109351960A CN 201811368454 A CN201811368454 A CN 201811368454A CN 109351960 A CN109351960 A CN 109351960A
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- B22F3/10—Sintering only
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
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- C22C33/0257—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy characterised by the range of the alloying elements
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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Abstract
The invention discloses the heat-insulated alloy composites and preparation method thereof for being suitable for vacuum melting furnace, it is adequately mixed and mutually package by quartz crystal with other raw metals, it will be directly connected to block between metallic atom, so that quartz crystal is filled between adjacent metal atom, it is recrystallized to give the quartz crystal structure more refined simultaneously, it is more abundant to the barrier between metallic atom, so that the alloy material thermal coefficient formed after cooling and demolding has the reduction of high degree, solve the problems, such as that alloy material thermal coefficient is excessively high in the prior art, it realizes and the purpose for the alloy material being suitable in vacuum melting furnace hot environment is provided.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to vacuum melting furnace fields, and in particular to suitable for vacuum melting furnace heat-insulated alloy composite and its
Preparation method.
Background technique
Vacuum melting refers to the extraordinary melting technique for carrying out melting under vacuum conditions.Mainly include vacuum induction melting,
Vacuum arc remelting and electron-beam smelting.With developing by leaps and bounds for modern science and technology, especially opened along with aerospace, ocean
The rapid progression of hair, energy development and electronics industry, to the kind of metal material or nonmetallic materials, yield, especially quality
Propose increasingly higher demands.For vacuum melting, the feeding structure of smelting furnace is than commonly commonly using smelting furnace
Complicated more of feeding mechanism, because the feeding mechanism of vacuum melting furnace is to guarantee feedstock transportation to the position specified, again
The vacuum degree of guarantee system is not destroyed.There are mainly two types of modes for the charging of vacuum melting furnace at present, the first is disposably will
It needs the raw material of melting to be all added in system, is not supplemented feeding in entire fusion process, to guarantee system vacuum
Degree is not affected, but raw material melting terminates every time, it is necessary to and whole system vacuum degree is destroyed, new raw material is rejoined, because
This cannot achieve continuous production using the smelting furnace of this charging mechanism, and production efficiency is relatively low.Another kind charging is to use to add
The mode for expecting room charging, is separated between working chamber and feed compartment with valve, when needing to carry out secondary charging, melting
Room still keeps vacuum state, and only feed compartment is communicated with the atmosphere, and after completing charging, then first vacuumizes to feed compartment, works as feed compartment
After reaching certain vacuum degree, then feed compartment is connected to working chamber, starts melting again, it is thereby achieved that traditional company
Continuous charging and continuous smelting.In the prior art, it after the crucible of vacuum melting furnace interior is made, needs using graphite core pair
It carries out high temperature drying, and drying temperature generally at 1300 DEG C, causes ambient temperature very high.Since Pneumatic gate valve is from graphite
Core is closer, therefore temperature is affected to Pneumatic gate valve, is influenced the cylinder service life of Pneumatic gate valve, is influenced vacuum
The job stability of the feed compartment of smelting furnace causes maintenance cost high.Also, the heat insulation of vacuum melting furnace furnace wall for
Also particularly significant for Smelting Effect, alloy material in the prior art is all difficult to satisfy the use demand.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to provide the heat-insulated alloy composites and preparation method thereof for being suitable for vacuum melting furnace, with solution
Certainly the excessively high problem of alloy material thermal coefficient, realization provide the conjunction being suitable in vacuum melting furnace hot environment in the prior art
The purpose of golden material.
The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
Suitable for the heat-insulated alloy composite of vacuum melting furnace, the composition includes following component: iron, silicon, Rare Earth Mine
Object, quartz, copper, beryllium, titanium, zirconium, manganese, aluminium.
Guarantee the enough hardness of alloy and quality using iron, silicon, copper, aluminium in this component, is significantly reduced and led using quartz
Hot property, and using quartzy recrystallization process be greatly improved between each component it is microcosmic on globality and stability, compared to existing
For technology, there is significant progress in terms of heat-insulated insulation.Beryllium element is used to improve the mechanical performance of alloy, improves corrosion-resistant energy
Power.The effect of titanium is to reduce the global density of this alloy in the case where proof strength.Zirconium plays deoxidation, denitrogenates, desulfuration
Effect, while heat resistanceheat resistant wave impact property is greatly improved, it allows the invention to be more applicable for vacuum melting furnace internal high temperature
It is used under high-heat environment.The effect of manganese is to improve hardness, elastic limit, wearability and corrosion resistance.
Further, each component is made of following weight percent: 20~30% iron, 8%~10% silicon, 8%~
10% rare-earth mineral, 4%~6% quartz, 10%~13% copper, 2%~3% beryllium, 2%~3% titanium, 6%~
8% zirconium, 5%~6% manganese, remaining is aluminium.
Preferably, the weight ratio of the quartz and the iron is 1:5.
Preferably, the rare-earth mineral is bastnasite or gadolinite.
The preparation method of heat-insulated alloy composite, comprising the following steps:
(a) granular iron, silicon, rare-earth mineral, copper, aluminium are fitted into ball mill and are ground 6~8 hours, obtain spherical
Grain；
(b) spheric granules is screened by vibrating screen, the sieve mesh number of the vibrating screen is 16；Collection passes through vibration
The spheric granules of dynamic sieve, and quartz powder, beryllium, titanium, zirconium, manganese are added thereto, it is stirred, in whipping process into mixture
Liquid paraffin is sprayed, dries after mixing evenly, obtain raw mixture；
(c) raw mixture is inserted in mold, punching press, punching is carried out to the raw mixture in mold by formed punch
Power be greater than or equal to 500kN, punching press duration 20~30 minutes, 10~15 beats/min of punching press frequency；It is constantly added in punching course
Raw mixture guarantees to fill up raw mixture always in mold；
(d) it is heated up to the paraffin evaporating temperature under vacuum conditions, paraffin steam is discharged；
(e) it is heated up to smelting temperature in the pressure vessel of 2~3MPa to be sintered, cooling, demoulding.
It is small that the main iron of component alloy, silicon, rare-earth mineral, copper, aluminium are fitted into grinding 6~8 in ball mill first by this method
When, grinding ensures to obtain spheric granules for 6~8 hours, avoids milling time is too short from also having sharp corners, also avoids milling time
Too long wastage of material is excessive.The spheric granules is screened by vibrating screen, the sieve mesh number of the vibrating screen is 16, will
It is enough collected by the raw material of the vibrating screen of 16 mesh screens, is to obtain all spherical raw materials of the aperture less than 1.18mm to be used for
Alloy preparation.Ensure that the raw metal for smelting is homogeneous and fine and smooth.Quartz powder, beryllium, titanium, zirconium, manganese is added, is stirred
It mixes, sprays liquid paraffin in whipping process into mixture, dry after mixing evenly, obtain raw mixture.It is added herein
Quartz powder is preferably quartz of the particle diameter less than 100 microns.It is extremely critical step that liquid paraffin is sprayed in whipping process
Suddenly, all raw material surfaces are wrapped up by misty paraffin, by one layer of olefin film of cladding in whipping process, so that each raw material
The more uniform stabilization of granularity, it is limited to solve compactness caused by the inadequate corner angle of rounding in conventional alloys smelting process protrude
Problem.It dries after mixing evenly, so that misty paraffin is sufficiently dry, obtains final raw mixture.The raw material is mixed
Object is inserted in mold, carries out punching press to the raw mixture in mold by formed punch, impulse force is greater than or equal to 500kN, when punching press
It is 20~30 minutes, 10~15 beats/min of punching press frequency long；Continuous adding raw materials mixture in punching course guarantees to begin in mold
Raw mixture is filled up eventually；The purpose of this step is to further increase the compactness extent of alloy, it is ensured that raw material is sufficiently compacted, phase
Compared with the technique of traditional direct sintering, by being maintained at 20~30 minutes, intermittent punching of the impulse force more than or equal to 500kN
Pressure, so that raw mixture is constantly compacted, continuous adding raw materials mixture during this, to ensure to fill up original in mold always
Expect mixture.After the completion of punching press, it is heated up to the paraffin evaporating temperature under vacuum conditions, paraffin steam is discharged.Different paraffin
Evaporating temperature has difference, therefore the present invention is herein without determining specific temperature, and those skilled in the art can be according to being made
Paraffin sets the warm temperature measured, it is only necessary to be heated up to paraffin and be able to carry out direct evaporation, the evaporating temperature of paraffin is than normal
Smelting temperature during rule metal smelt is all low, therefore only will cause the surface coated paraffin of raw material in the process and be evaporated
Fall, it is in order to facilitate paraffin rapid evaporation that this step is carried out under vacuum state, it is ensured that paraffin evaporation capacity is controlled, and in time
The paraffin steam for taking discharge away be recycled, at this time since the relative positional relationship between raw mixture has already passed through
Punching course is stablized, thus paraffin be detached from after any interference will not be caused to structure, be able to maintain raw mixture it
Between compacted state.After the completion of paraffin is detached from, smelting temperature is heated up in the pressure vessel of 2~3MPa and is sintered, cooling,
Demoulding.This step and the difference of traditional smelting process are to carry out under the hyperbaric environment of 2~3MPa, are in order to enable in component
Quartz recrystallized under high temperature and high pressure environment, quartz melted under high temperature and high pressure environment, with the raw material under other liquid
Mixed liquor is that solvent is recrystallized, and adequately mixes with other raw metals and mutually wraps up, will be straight between metallic atom
Blocking is connect in succession, so that quartz crystal is filled between adjacent metal atom, while being recrystallized to give the quartz-crystal more refined
Body structure, it is more abundant to the barrier between metallic atom, so that the alloy material thermal coefficient formed after cooling and demolding
There is the reduction of high degree, be more applicable in the hot environment in vacuum melting furnace compared to the prior art, is had outstanding
Substantive distinguishing features and marked improvement.
Preferably, each punching course all persistently presses 4~5 seconds.In lasting course of exerting pressure, if raw mixture is squeezed
Surface Subsidence is pressed, then the output end to press should also sink therewith, to ensure to apply in 4~5 seconds lasting course of exerting pressure
Stable pressure.
Preferably, the weight percent of each component are as follows: 20~30% iron, 8%~10% silicon, 8%~10% it is dilute
Native mineral, 4%~6% quartz, 10%~13% copper, 2%~3% beryllium, 2%~3% titanium, 6%~8% zirconium,
5%~6% manganese, remaining is aluminium.
Preferably, the smelting temperature is 1750 DEG C~1800 DEG C.Meet the melt temperature requirement of quartz, it is ensured that the present invention
The satisfaction of heat insulation.
Preferably, it is kept for 5~6 hours under smelting temperature in step (e).
Preferably, the quartz powder passes through ballstone by quartz sand in the ball mill and grinds to obtain.Quartz in nature
The larger hardness of crystal grain is higher, it is difficult to carry out powdered processing.This programme provides an effective powdered processing thus
Technique passed through ballstone by quartz sand in the ball mill and grinds to obtain, ground with ballstone, the traditional lapping mode meeting of client
There is the problem of other metals interference in the powder caused, avoids quartz powder and be mixed into metal impurities shadow during the grinding process
The formula rate control problem for ringing this programme, improves operational stability and reliability of the invention.
Compared with prior art, the present invention having the following advantages and benefits:
The present invention is suitable for the heat-insulated alloy composite and preparation method thereof of vacuum melting furnace, passes through quartz crystal and other
Raw metal is adequately mixed and is mutually wrapped up, and will be directly connected to block between metallic atom, so that quartz crystal is filled in
Between adjacent metal atom, while it being recrystallized to give the quartz crystal structure more refined, more to the barrier between metallic atom
Add sufficiently, so that the alloy material thermal coefficient formed after cooling and demolding has the reduction of high degree, compared to existing skill
Art is more applicable in the hot environment in vacuum melting furnace, has substantive distinguishing features outstanding and marked improvement.
Specific embodiment
To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, below with reference to embodiment, the present invention is made
Further to be described in detail, exemplary embodiment of the invention and its explanation for explaining only the invention, are not intended as to this
The restriction of invention.
Embodiment 1:
Heat-insulated alloy composite suitable for vacuum melting furnace, which is characterized in that the composition includes following component:
Iron, silicon, rare-earth mineral, quartz, copper, beryllium, titanium, zirconium, manganese, aluminium；Each component is made of following weight percent: 20~30%
Iron, 8%~10% silicon, 8%~10% rare-earth mineral, 4%~6% quartz, 10%~13% copper, 2%~3%
Beryllium, 2%~3% titanium, 6%~8% zirconium, 5%~6% manganese, remaining is aluminium；The weight ratio of the quartz and the iron
For 1:5；The rare-earth mineral is bastnasite or gadolinite.
Following table gives the asynchronous contrast difference of each component content in alloy composite of the present invention:
As can be seen from the above table, under identical preparation method, the made conjunction of component provided by the present invention
Golden material is to have significantly for thermal coefficient is compared to conventional alloys easily seventy or eighty thermal coefficients even up to a hundred
It reduces.It also, is even more the extremely low degree that can reduce after addition quartz.Also, the accounting of each component is according to this implementation
The range gone out given in example is matched, and thermal coefficient can be more significantly reduced, and is had compared to the prior art outstanding
Substantive distinguishing features and marked improvement.
Embodiment 2:
The preparation method of heat-insulated alloy composite, comprising the following steps: (a) by granular iron, silicon, rare-earth mineral, copper,
Aluminium is fitted into ball mill and grinds 6~8 hours, obtains spheric granules；(b) spheric granules is screened by vibrating screen, institute
The sieve mesh number for stating vibrating screen is 16；Collect through the spheric granules of vibrating screen, and be added thereto quartz powder, beryllium, titanium,
Zirconium, manganese, are stirred, and spray liquid paraffin in whipping process into mixture, dry after mixing evenly, obtain raw material mixing
Object；(c) raw mixture is inserted in mold, punching press is carried out to the raw mixture in mold by formed punch, impulse force is big
In or be equal to 500kN, punching press duration 20~30 minutes, 10~15 beats/min of punching press frequency；Continuous adding raw materials in punching course
Mixture guarantees to fill up raw mixture always in mold；(d) it is heated up to the paraffin evaporating temperature under vacuum conditions, arranges
Paraffin steam out；(e) it is heated up to smelting temperature in the pressure vessel of 2~3MPa to be sintered, cooling, demoulding.Each punching press
Process all persistently presses 4~5 seconds.The weight percent of each component are as follows: 20~30% iron, 8%~10% silicon, 8%~
10% rare-earth mineral, 4%~6% quartz, 10%~13% copper, 2%~3% beryllium, 2%~3% titanium, 6%~
8% zirconium, 5%~6% manganese, remaining is aluminium.The smelting temperature is 1750 DEG C~1800 DEG C.It is being smelted in step (e)
At a temperature of kept for 5~6 hours.The quartz powder passes through ballstone by quartz sand in the ball mill and grinds to obtain.
Following table give under component proportion defined by the present embodiment in the case where different technical parameters it is made at
Difference between the thermal coefficient of product:
As can be seen from the above table, in the identical situation of component, without the sprinkling of liquid paraffin, without punching press, or
It is that the temperature, pressure smelted is unsatisfactory for condition, all there is larger impact for the thermal coefficient of finished product, especially smelt temperature
Also pressure directly affects melting and recrystallization when quartz to degree, therefore shows to be exactly that the reduction of thermal coefficient is not enough managed on finished product
Think.
Above-described specific embodiment has carried out further the purpose of the present invention, technical scheme and beneficial effects
It is described in detail, it should be understood that being not intended to limit the present invention the foregoing is merely a specific embodiment of the invention
Protection scope, all within the spirits and principles of the present invention, any modification, equivalent substitution, improvement and etc. done should all include
Within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. being suitable for the heat-insulated alloy composite of vacuum melting furnace, which is characterized in that the composition includes following component: iron,
Silicon, rare-earth mineral, quartz, copper, beryllium, titanium, zirconium, manganese, aluminium.
2. the heat-insulated alloy composite according to claim 1 suitable for vacuum melting furnace, which is characterized in that each component by
Following weight percent composition: 20~30% iron, 8%~10% silicon, 8%~10% rare-earth mineral, 4%~6%
Quartz, 10%~13% copper, 2%~3% beryllium, 2%~3% titanium, 6%~8% zirconium, 5%~6% manganese, remaining
It is aluminium.
3. the heat-insulated alloy composite according to claim 2 suitable for vacuum melting furnace, which is characterized in that the quartz
Weight ratio with the iron is 1:5.
4. the heat-insulated alloy composite according to claim 1 suitable for vacuum melting furnace, which is characterized in that the rare earth
Mineral are bastnasite or gadolinite.
5. the preparation method of heat-insulated alloy composite, which comprises the following steps:
(a) granular iron, silicon, rare-earth mineral, copper, aluminium are fitted into ball mill and are ground 6~8 hours, obtain spheric granules；
(b) spheric granules is screened by vibrating screen, the sieve mesh number of the vibrating screen is 16；Collection passes through vibrating screen
Spheric granules, and thereto be added quartz powder, beryllium, titanium, zirconium, manganese, be stirred, sprayed in whipping process into mixture
Liquid paraffin dries after mixing evenly, obtains raw mixture；
(c) raw mixture is inserted in mold, punching press is carried out to the raw mixture in mold by formed punch, impulse force is big
In or be equal to 500kN, punching press duration 20~30 minutes, 10~15 beats/min of punching press frequency；Continuous adding raw materials in punching course
Mixture guarantees to fill up raw mixture always in mold；
(d) it is heated up to the paraffin evaporating temperature under vacuum conditions, paraffin steam is discharged；
(e) it is heated up to smelting temperature in the pressure vessel of 2~3MPa to be sintered, cooling, demoulding.
6. the preparation method of heat-insulated alloy composite according to claim 5, which is characterized in that each punching course is all held
Continuous pressure 4~5 seconds.
7. the preparation method of heat-insulated alloy composite according to claim 5, which is characterized in that the weight percent of each component
Than are as follows: 20~30% iron, 8%~10% silicon, 8%~10% rare-earth mineral, 4%~6% quartz, 10%~13%
Copper, 2%~3% beryllium, 2%~3% titanium, 6%~8% zirconium, 5%~6% manganese, remaining is aluminium.
8. the preparation method of heat-insulated alloy composite according to claim 5, which is characterized in that the smelting temperature is
1750 DEG C~1800 DEG C.
9. the preparation method of heat-insulated alloy composite according to claim 5, which is characterized in that smelted in step (e)
At a temperature of kept for 5~6 hours.
10. the preparation method of heat-insulated alloy composite according to claim 5, which is characterized in that the quartz powder by
Quartz sand passes through ballstone in the ball mill and grinds to obtain.
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| CN1056929A (en) * | 1991-07-05 | 1991-12-11 | 张景禄 | Combined metal-porcelain crucible and preparation method thereof |
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| CN106048381A (en) * | 2016-07-15 | 2016-10-26 | 南通纺都置业有限公司 | Aluminum alloy |
| EP3220396A1 (en) * | 2016-03-18 | 2017-09-20 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Permanent magnet, rotary electrical machine, and vehicle |
| CN108118208A (en) * | 2017-11-22 | 2018-06-05 | 宁波华源精特金属制品有限公司 | A kind of engine link |
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2018
- 2018-11-16 CN CN201811368454.9A patent/CN109351960B/en active Active
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1056929A (en) * | 1991-07-05 | 1991-12-11 | 张景禄 | Combined metal-porcelain crucible and preparation method thereof |
| CN101571173A (en) * | 2009-06-16 | 2009-11-04 | 博深工具股份有限公司 | Brake block for high-speed train and preparation method thereof |
| CN204608066U (en) * | 2015-04-02 | 2015-09-02 | 天津征鑫热能设备制造有限公司 | A kind of single loop formula hot air valve plate |
| EP3220396A1 (en) * | 2016-03-18 | 2017-09-20 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Permanent magnet, rotary electrical machine, and vehicle |
| CN106048381A (en) * | 2016-07-15 | 2016-10-26 | 南通纺都置业有限公司 | Aluminum alloy |
| CN108118208A (en) * | 2017-11-22 | 2018-06-05 | 宁波华源精特金属制品有限公司 | A kind of engine link |
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| CN109351960B (en) | 2021-01-22 |
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