CN109347465B - Switching tube driving circuit, turn-off device and distributed power generation system - Google Patents
Switching tube driving circuit, turn-off device and distributed power generation system Download PDFInfo
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- CN109347465B CN109347465B CN201811268033.9A CN201811268033A CN109347465B CN 109347465 B CN109347465 B CN 109347465B CN 201811268033 A CN201811268033 A CN 201811268033A CN 109347465 B CN109347465 B CN 109347465B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
- H03K17/00—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking
- H03K17/51—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the components used
- H03K17/56—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the components used by the use, as active elements, of semiconductor devices
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/56—Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers
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Abstract
The application discloses a switching tube driving circuit, a shutoff device and a distributed power generation system, which are suitable for occasions where a first switching tube and a controller are not in common. The first switch tube is connected in series with the anode of the first direct current power supply. The switch tube driving circuit comprises a DC/DC converter, an enabling circuit, a first diode, a first capacitor and a second circuit, wherein: the input end of the DC/DC converter is connected with a second direct current power supply; the anode of the first diode is connected with the anode of the first direct-current power supply, and the cathode of the first diode is connected with the first end of the first capacitor to form a first connecting point; the second end of the first capacitor is connected with one end of a high-frequency switching tube in the DC/DC converter; the input end of the second circuit is connected with the first connecting point, and the output end of the second circuit is connected to the driving pin of the first switching tube through the enabling circuit; the second circuit is used for converting the electric signal of the first connecting point into stable output voltage; the controller controls the enabling circuit to be switched on and off by sending a pulse signal.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of power electronics, in particular to a switching tube driving circuit, a shutoff device and a distributed power generation system.
Background
The switching tube driving circuit is an interface circuit between the switching tube and the controller, and is used for converting a pulse signal output by the controller into a signal capable of driving the switching tube to be switched on and off. In some cases, the switch tube is not grounded with the controller, and it is desirable to provide a switch tube driving circuit suitable for the case.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention provides a switching tube driving circuit, a shutdown device and a distributed power generation system, which are suitable for the situation where the switching tube and the controller are not grounded.
A switching tube driving circuit is an interface circuit between a first switching tube and a controller; the first switching tube is connected in series with the anode of the first direct-current power supply and is used for connecting and disconnecting the first direct-current power supply with an external circuit;
the switch tube driving circuit comprises a DC/DC converter, an enabling circuit, a first diode, a first capacitor and a second circuit, wherein:
the input end of the DC/DC converter is connected with a second direct current power supply; the DC/DC converter is internally provided with a high-frequency switching tube, and the direct-current voltage conversion is realized through the high-frequency switching action of the high-frequency switching tube;
the anode of the first diode is connected with the anode of the first direct-current power supply, and the cathode of the first diode is connected with the first end of the first capacitor to form a first connecting point; one pin of the high-frequency switching tube is connected with the anode or the cathode of the second direct-current power supply, and the other pin of the high-frequency switching tube is connected with the second end of the first capacitor;
the input end of the second circuit is connected with the first connecting point, and the output end of the second circuit is connected to the driving pin of the first switch tube through the enabling circuit; the second circuit is used for converting the electric signal from the first connecting point into stable output voltage, and when the enabling circuit is switched on, the output voltage is used as driving voltage and is transmitted to the driving pin of the first switching tube;
the controller controls the enabling circuit to be turned on and off by sending a pulse signal.
Optionally, the DC/DC converter is a buck converter;
correspondingly, one pin of the high-frequency switching tube is connected with the positive electrode or the negative electrode of the second direct-current power supply, and the other pin is connected with the second end of the first capacitor, which means that: a first pin of the high-frequency switching tube is connected with the positive electrode of the input end of the buck converter; and the second pin of the high-frequency switching tube is connected with the second end of the first capacitor.
Optionally, the DC/DC converter is a boost converter;
correspondingly, one pin of the high-frequency switching tube is connected with the positive electrode or the negative electrode of the second direct-current power supply, and the other pin of the high-frequency switching tube is connected with the second end of the first capacitor, namely the second pin of the high-frequency switching tube is connected with the negative electrode of the input end of the boost converter; and a first pin of the high-frequency switch tube is connected with a second end of the first capacitor.
Optionally, the second dc power source is converted from the first dc power source through a first circuit; and the power supply input end of the controller is connected with the output end of the DC/DC converter.
Optionally, the enable circuit includes a third NPN transistor, a second PNP transistor, a first resistor, a second resistor, and a third resistor, where:
the base electrode of the third NPN triode is connected with the controller through the first resistor, the emitting electrode of the third NPN triode is connected with the ground wire of the controller, the collecting electrode of the third NPN triode is connected with the base electrode of the second PNP triode through the third resistor, the collecting electrode of the second PNP triode is connected with the driving pin of the first switching tube, the emitting electrode of the second PNP triode is connected with the positive electrode of the output end of the second circuit, and the second resistor is connected between the base electrode and the emitting electrode of the second PNP triode.
Optionally, the enable circuit includes a fourth resistor, a fifth resistor, a sixth resistor, a fifth NPN type triode, a sixth PNP triode, and a seventh NPN type triode, wherein:
a base electrode of the seventh NPN type triode is connected with the controller through the fourth resistor, an emitting electrode of the seventh NPN type triode is connected with a ground wire of the controller, and a collecting electrode of the seventh NPN type triode is connected with the anode of the output end of the second circuit through the fifth resistor and the sixth resistor in sequence; the middle node of the fifth resistor and the sixth resistor is connected with the bases of the fifth NPN triode and the sixth PNP triode, the collector of the fifth NPN triode is connected with the positive electrode of the output end of the second circuit, the emitter of the fifth NPN triode is connected with the emitter of the sixth PNP triode and the driving pin of the first switch tube, and the collector of the sixth PNP triode is connected with the second pin of the first switch tube and the negative electrode of the output end of the second circuit.
Optionally, the second circuit comprises a peak hold circuit and/or a voltage limiting circuit, wherein:
the peak holding circuit is used for transmitting the peak potential of the first connecting point as a driving voltage to a driving pin of the first switching tube;
the voltage limiting circuit is used for stabilizing the output voltage of the second circuit within a maximum driving voltage value which can be borne by the first switching tube.
Optionally, the switching tube driving circuit further includes:
and the discharge circuit is connected between the driving pin of the first switch tube and the enabling circuit and is used for providing a charge discharge path for the driving pin of the first switch tube when the enabling circuit is in an off state.
A shutoff, comprising: the switch comprises a first switch tube, a controller and an interface circuit for connecting the first switch tube and the controller, wherein the interface circuit is any one of the switch tube driving circuits disclosed above.
A distributed power generation system comprises one or more group strings, each group string comprises a plurality of shut-off devices, the input end of each shut-off device is connected with a direct-current power supply, the output ends of the shut-off devices in the same group string are connected in series to supply power for a load, and the group strings are connected in parallel to supply power for the load; the shutoff device is the above-disclosed shutoff device.
According to the technical scheme, the switching tube driving circuit is connected between a first switching tube which is not connected with the ground and a controller, the potential of a first connecting point is raised to be higher than that of a second pin of the first switching tube through the switching action of a high-frequency switching tube, and at the moment, if the first connecting point is directly communicated with the driving pin of the first switching tube to provide driving voltage for the first switching tube, the first switching tube can be conducted as long as the potential difference between the first connecting point and the second pin of the first switching tube is higher than the driving threshold voltage of the first switching tube; at the moment, the controller sends a pulse signal to the enabling circuit to control the on-off of the first connecting point and the driving pin of the first switch tube, so that the on-off of the first switch tube can be controlled, and the design requirement is met. In view of the fact that the potential of the first connection point jumps with the switching action of the high-frequency switch tube, in order to maintain the stability of the driving voltage supplied to the first switch tube, a second circuit is additionally arranged between the first connection point and the first switch tube.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a driving circuit of a switching tube;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of another structure of a switching tube driving circuit;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an enable circuit applied to a switching tube driving circuit;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of another enabling circuit applied to the driving circuit of the switching tube;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a second circuit structure applied to a driving circuit of a switching tube;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a second circuit structure applied to a driving circuit of a switching tube;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of another structure of a switching tube driving circuit;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of another structure of a switching tube driving circuit;
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of a switch structure;
FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of another switch structure;
fig. 11 is a schematic structural diagram of a distributed power generation system.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1 or fig. 2 (the difference between fig. 1 and fig. 2 is only the topology structure adopted by the DC/DC converter 12), the embodiment of the present invention discloses a switching tube driving circuit, which is an interface circuit between the first switching tube S1 and the controller 10, and functions to convert the pulse signal output by the controller 10 into a signal capable of driving the first switching tube S1 to turn on and off.
The first switch tube S1 is connected in series to the positive pole of the first dc power supply 11 for connecting and disconnecting the first dc power supply 11 to the external circuit 20. The pin of the first switch tube S1 directly connected to the positive electrode of the first dc power supply 11 is a first pin of the first switch tube S1, and the pin of the first switch tube S1 directly connected to the positive electrode of the external circuit 20 is a second pin of the first switch tube S1.
The first switch tube S1 may be a MOSFET (Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistor), an IGBT (Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor), a triode, or other controllable Semiconductor switch device. When the first switch tube S1 is a MOSFET, the first pin of the first switch tube S1 is a drain of the MOSFET, the second pin of the first switch tube S1 is a source of the MOSFET, and the driving pin of the first switch tube S1 is a gate of the MOSFET. When the first switch tube S1 is an IGBT, the first pin of the first switch tube S1 is a collector of the IGBT, the second pin of the first switch tube S1 is an emitter of the IGBT, and the driving pin of the first switch tube S1 is a gate of the IGBT. When the first switch tube S1 is a transistor, a first pin of the first switch tube S1 is a collector of the transistor, a second pin of the first switch tube S1 is an emitter of the transistor, and a driving pin of the first switch tube S1 is a base of the transistor. Fig. 1 and 2 only use the first switching tube S1 as a MOSFET as an example.
The components of the switch tube driving circuit comprise a DC/DC converter 12, an enabling circuit 13, a first diode D1, a first capacitor C1 and a second circuit 14, wherein:
the input end of the DC/DC converter 12 is connected with a second direct current power supply; the DC/DC converter 12 has a high frequency switch tube S2 inside, the high frequency switch tube is a switch tube working in a high frequency switch mode, and the switching frequency is generally above 10 KHz; the DC/DC converter 12 converts a direct current voltage through a high-frequency switching operation of the high-frequency switching tube S2, and the DC/DC converter 12 may specifically adopt a buck converter (as shown in fig. 1), a boost converter (as shown in fig. 2) or a DC/DC converter with other topology structures, but is not limited thereto.
Specifically, the second DC power source may be converted from the first DC power source 11 through a first circuit, as shown in fig. 1 or fig. 2, the first circuit converts the voltage across the first DC power source 11 into a DC voltage V2, and the DC/DC converter 12 converts the DC voltage V2 into a DC voltage V3. The first circuit may be one or any of a voltage reduction circuit, a voltage boost circuit, a reverse conversion circuit, a current limiting circuit, an anti-reverse circuit and a switch circuit, which are connected in series, and the specific structure of the first circuit is designed according to actual needs, for example: when the DC/DC converter 12 requires an input voltage higher than V1, the first circuit may be designed as a boost circuit; when the DC/DC converter 12 requires a negative voltage lower than the negative electrode voltage of the first direct current power supply 11, the first circuit may be designed as an inverse conversion circuit; when the current magnitude of the V1 input to the V2 needs to be limited, or the first circuit can be designed as a current limiting circuit when the first circuit is used for inhibiting the influence of the V1 surge on the V2; when there is a possibility of frequent change of V1, it is necessary to prevent V2 from lowering following the sudden drop of V1, the first circuit may be designed as an anti-reverse circuit; when the later stage circuit is required to have a low power consumption standby mode, the first circuit may be designed as a switching circuit, and the switch is turned off when standby is required.
In addition, the second dc power supply may be designed as a power supply independent of the first dc power supply 11. Alternatively, the second dc power supply may be the same power supply as the first dc power supply 11.
The MCU (micro controller Unit) and other weak current circuits in the controller 10 need a switching power supply to supply power, and in order to save cost, the output voltage of the DC/DC converter 12 can be multiplexed into the switching power supply, that is, the power input terminal of the controller 10 is connected to the output terminal of the DC/DC converter 12, for example, as shown in fig. 1 or fig. 2. Of course, a switching power supply may be additionally provided to the controller 10.
An anode of the first diode D1 is connected to an anode of the first dc power supply 11, and a cathode of the first diode D1 is connected to a first end of the first capacitor C1 to form a first connection point P1; the input end of the second circuit 14 is connected to the first connection point P1, the output end of the second circuit 14 is connected to the driving pin of the first switch tube S1 through the enabling circuit 13, the second circuit 14 is used for converting the electric signal from the first connection point P1 into a stable output voltage, and the output voltage is transmitted to the driving pin of the first switch tube S1 as the driving voltage under the condition that the enabling circuit 13 is switched on. The controller 10 controls the on and off of the enable circuit 13 by pulsing a signal.
One pin of the high frequency switch tube S2 is connected to the positive or negative electrode of the second dc power source, and the other pin is connected to the second end of the first capacitor C1 to form a second connection point P2. Specifically, when the DC/DC converter 12 is a buck converter, as shown in fig. 1, a first pin of the high-frequency switch tube S2 is connected to the positive electrode of the input terminal of the buck converter, and a second pin of the high-frequency switch tube S2 is connected to the second end of the first capacitor C1 to form a second connection point P2. When the DC/DC converter 12 is a boost converter, as shown in fig. 2, the second pin of the high frequency switch tube S2 is connected to the negative terminal of the input terminal of the boost converter, and the first pin of the high frequency switch tube S2 is connected to the second terminal of the first capacitor C1 to form a second connection point P2.
The operating principle of the switching tube driving circuit shown in fig. 1 is as follows:
in fig. 1, there are two reference grounds, namely a reference ground VG1 of the controller 10 and a reference ground VG2 of the first switch tube S1, the reference ground VG2 is the second pin of the first switch tube S1, the reference ground VG1 is the negative pole of the input terminal of the controller 10, and the negative poles of V1, V2 and V3 are connected together.
Assuming that the voltage level of the reference ground VG1 is 0V, when the high-frequency switch transistor S2 is turned off, the inductor in the DC/DC converter 12 freewheels to turn on the diode in the DC/DC converter 12, the voltage level of the second connection point P2 is pulled down to 0V, the first DC power source 11 charges the first capacitor C1 through the first diode D1, and the voltage level of the first connection point P1 reaches V1 when the C1 is fully charged. When the high-frequency switch tube S2 is closed, the potential of the second connection point P2 is equal to V2, and since the voltage of the first capacitor C1 cannot suddenly change, the potential of the first connection point P1 is raised to V1+ V2, and thus, the potential of the first connection point P1 can be raised to a higher potential than the potential of the first pin of the first switch tube S1 by the switching action of the high-frequency switch tube S2 (the potential of the first pin of the first switch tube S1 is always V1).
Since the body diode in the first switch tube S1 makes the potential of the second pin of the first switch tube S1 not higher than the potential of the first pin of the first switch tube S1, when the potential of the first connection point P1 is higher than the potential of the first pin of the first switch tube S1, the potential of the second pin of the first switch tube S1 is inevitably higher than the potential of the second pin of the first switch tube S1, at this time, if the first connection point P1 is directly connected to the driving pin of the S1 to provide the driving voltage for the S1, the potential difference V between the first connection point P1 and the second pin of the first switch tube S1 is ensured as long as PS A driving threshold voltage V higher than the first switch tube S1 GS S1 can be made conductive.
Considering that the potential of the first node P1 jumps with the switching operation of the high frequency switch tube S2, in order to maintain the stability of the driving voltage supplied to S1, a second circuit 14 is added between the first node P1 and the high frequency switch tube S2, the second circuit 14 is used to convert the potential of the first node P1 into a stable output voltage, and of course, the output voltage of the second circuit 14 is necessarily higher than V GS 。
Under the condition of determining the parameters of the internal components of the second circuit 14, the output voltage of the second circuit 14 increases along with the increase of V2, so that the output voltage of the second circuit 14 can be ensured to be higher than V2 by adjusting the size of V2 GS . For example, it is assumed that the function of the second circuit 14 is specifically to couple the second circuitThe output voltage of the second circuit 14 is stabilized at the peak value V1+ V2 of the potential of the first connecting point P1, and in the case of the determination of the internal component parameters of the second circuit 14, the V2 is set to be higher than the V1 GS It is ensured that the output voltage of the second circuit 14 is higher than V GS 。
When the enable circuit 13 connecting the first connection point P1 and the driving pin of the first switch tube is disconnected, the output voltage can not be transmitted to the driving pin of the first switch tube S1, and S1 is turned off. The controller 10 controls the enabling circuit 13 to be turned on and off by sending a pulse signal, so that the first switch tube S1 is turned on and off.
As can be seen from the above description, the switching tube driving circuit shown in fig. 1 can convert the pulse signal output by the controller 10 into a signal capable of driving the first switching tube S1 to turn on and off when the first switching tube S1 is not grounded with the controller 10, so as to meet the design requirement.
Similarly, in fig. 2, the potential of the first connection point P1 can be raised to V1+ V3 by the switching operation of the high frequency switching tube S2, and the magnitude of the output voltage of the second circuit 14 depends on V3 when the internal component parameters of the second circuit 14 are determined. For example, assuming that the function of the second circuit 14 is to stabilize the output voltage of the second circuit 14 at the input peak value V1+ V3 of the potential at the first connection point P1, the internal device parameters of the second circuit 14 may be determined by controlling V3 to be higher than V3 GS It is ensured that the output voltage of the second circuit 14 is higher than V GS 。
When the DC/DC converter 12 adopts other topology structures and the second DC power supply adopts other types, the same principle of the operation analysis of the switching tube driving circuit can be obtained, and the details are not repeated here.
As can be seen from the above description, the switching tube driving circuit provided in the embodiment of the present invention is connected between the first switching tube S1 and the controller 10, and the first connection point P1 is raised to the second pin higher than S1 by the switching action of the high frequency switching tube S2, and at this time, if the first connection point P1 is directly connected to the driving pin of S1 to provide the driving voltage to S1, the driving voltage between the first connection point P1 and the second pin of S1 is ensuredPotential difference V PS Drive threshold voltage V higher than S1 GS S1 can be turned on; at this time, the controller 10 sends a pulse signal to the enable circuit 13 to control the on/off of the driving pin of the first connection point P1 and S1, that is, the on/off of S1 is controlled. In order to maintain the stability of the driving voltage supplied to S1, considering that the potential of the first connection point P1 jumps with the switching operation of the high frequency switch tube S2, the second circuit 14 is additionally provided between the first connection point P1 and the first connection point S1.
Optionally, in any of the switching tube driving circuits disclosed above, the topology of the enabling circuit 13 is as shown in fig. 3, and includes a third NPN transistor Q3, a second PNP transistor Q2, a first resistor R1, a second resistor R2, and a third resistor R3, where: the base of Q3 is connected with controller 10 through first resistor R1, the emitter of Q3 is connected with the earth wire of controller 10, the collector of Q3 is connected with the base of Q2 through third resistor R3, the collector of Q2 is connected with the driving pin of S1, the emitter of Q2 is connected with the positive electrode of the output end of second circuit 14, and second resistor R2 is connected between the base and the emitter of Q2.
The operating principle of the enabling circuit 13 shown in fig. 3 is: when the pulse signal is at a high level, Q3 is conducted, the base of Q2 is pulled down, Q2 is in saturated conduction, the driving voltage is transmitted to S1, and S1 is conducted; when the pulse signal is at a low level, Q3 is turned off, Q2 is also in an off state, and the drive voltage cannot be supplied to S1 and S1 is turned off.
Or, when the requirement on the driving loss is not high, the enabling circuit 13 may also be implemented by using a push-pull circuit. As shown in fig. 4, the enable circuit 13 includes: a fourth resistor R4, a fifth resistor R5, a sixth resistor R6, a fifth NPN transistor Q5, a sixth PNP transistor Q6, and a seventh NPN transistor Q7, wherein: the base electrode of the Q7 is connected with the controller 10 through a fourth resistor R4, the emitter electrode of the Q7 is connected with the ground wire of the controller 10, and the collector electrode of the Q7 is connected with the anode of the output end of the second circuit 14 through a fifth resistor R5 and a sixth resistor R6; the intermediate node of the fifth resistor R5 and the sixth resistor R6 is connected with the bases of Q5 and Q6, the collector of Q5 is connected with the positive electrode of the output end of the second circuit 14, the emitter of Q5 is connected with the emitter of Q6 and the driving pin of S1, and the collector of Q6 is connected with the second pin of S1 and the negative electrode of the output end of the second circuit 14.
The operating principle of the enabling circuit 13 shown in fig. 4 is: when the pulse signal is at a high level, the Q3 is switched on, the bases of the Q5 and the Q6 are pulled to a low voltage, the Q5 is switched off, the driving voltage cannot be provided for the S1, the S1 is switched off, and meanwhile, the Q6 is switched on to provide a discharge path for a parasitic capacitor between the driving pin and the second pin of the S1; when the pulse signal is low, Q3 is turned off, the base electrodes of Q5 and Q6 are pulled to the driving power voltage, Q6 is turned off, Q5 is amplified and turned on, the driving voltage is supplied to S1 through Q5, and S1 is turned on.
Alternatively, referring to fig. 5, the second circuit 14 may employ a peak hold circuit for transmitting the peak potential of the first connection point P1 as the driving voltage to S1. The peak holding circuit comprises a second diode D2 and a second capacitor C2, wherein the anode of D2 is connected to the first connection point P1, the cathode of D2 is connected to the first end of C2 and the second end of the enabling circuit 13, C2 is connected to the second pin of S1. The voltage across the C2 will not change with the jump of the potential of the first node P1, and will always remain at V2, so the driving voltage supplied to the first switch tube S1 will be stabilized at V1+ V2.
Alternatively, as shown in fig. 6, the second circuit 14 may employ a voltage limiting circuit. The voltage limiting circuit comprises a fifth diode D5 and a linear power supply, the voltage limiting circuit is formed by connecting the fifth diode D5 in series with the linear power supply 143, the output voltage is stabilized to be not more than the maximum value of the driving voltage which can be borne by the first switching tube S1, in addition, the fifth diode D5 arranged at the input end can also play a role in preventing the reverse flow of current, the output voltage of the voltage limiting circuit is prevented from being reduced due to the reduction of the voltage of the first connecting point P1, and therefore the stability of the driving voltage is kept. The linear power supply comprises a voltage regulator Z1, a first NPN triode Q1 and a ninth resistor R9, wherein the anode of the voltage regulator Z1 is connected with the second pin of S1, the cathode of the voltage regulator Z1 is connected with the base stage of Q1, the ninth resistor R9 is connected with the cathode of D5 and the base stage of Q1, the emitter of the Q1 is connected with the driving pin of S1 through an enabling circuit 13, and the collector of the Q1 is connected with the cathode of D5. The linear power supply in fig. 6 adopts a voltage regulator tube as a reference source and a Q1 linear amplification mode. Alternatively, a linear power supply based on other reference sources such as TL431 may be used. Alternatively, the linear power supply may be implemented with a DC/DC converter. The second circuit 14 is particularly suitable for situations where V2 is unstable or too high in voltage.
Alternatively, the peak holding circuit and the voltage limiting circuit may be connected in series as the second circuit 14, as shown in fig. 7 (the fifth diode D5 is omitted after the series connection), the peak holding circuit outputs a stable voltage as the input of the voltage limiting circuit, and the voltage limiting circuit further limits the input voltage to be the driving voltage of S1.
Optionally, referring to fig. 7, any of the switching tube driving circuits disclosed above further includes: and the discharge circuit 15 is connected between the drive pin of the S1 and the enable circuit 13 in parallel and is used for providing a charge leakage path for the drive pin of the first switching tube when the enable circuit is in an off state. Specifically, due to the parasitic junction capacitance between the driving pin and the second pin of S1, when the enable circuit 13 is turned off, the junction capacitance discharges slowly, which results in slow turn-off speed of S1, large turn-off loss, and even possible overheating damage of S1. Therefore, in the present embodiment, a discharge circuit is added to discharge the charges of the junction capacitor when the junction capacitor is turned off at S1, so as to accelerate the turn-off speed of S1.
Still referring to fig. 7, the discharge circuit 15 may discharge using a seventh resistor R7, and the resistance of R7 is generally between 10K Ω and 100K Ω in consideration of the discharge speed. When Q2 is turned on, R7 consumes electric energy of a driving voltage, for example, the driving voltage is 12V, R7 is 10K Ω, and when Q2 is turned on, R7 consumes 12 × 12/10K 14.4 mW.
Alternatively, as shown in fig. 8, the discharge circuit 15 may also adopt a discharge circuit based on a PNP triode, which has a faster discharge speed and lower power consumption, and includes: an eighth resistor R8, a fourth PNP triode Q4 and a fourth diode D4. The working principle is as follows: when the Q2 is turned on, the base potential of the Q4 is equal to the driving voltage, the Q4 is turned off, and the driving voltage is supplied to the S1 through the D4; when the Q2 is turned off, the base potential of the Q4 is pulled down to the collector potential by the resistor, the Q4 is in an amplification state and is turned on, the on-resistance is very low, and the voltage on the junction capacitor of the S1 is rapidly discharged to be lower than the threshold voltage, so that the S1 is rapidly turned off. Since discharge is not dependent on R8, R8 may be large, for example, 1M Ω, and when the driving voltage is 12V, the power consumption of resistor R8 is 12 × 12/1M to 0.144mW when Q2 is on, which greatly reduces the power consumption.
The embodiment of the present invention further discloses a shutdown device, as shown in fig. 9, including: the first switch tube S1, the controller 10, and an interface circuit connecting the first switch tube S1 and the controller 10, wherein the interface circuit is any one of the switch tube driving circuits disclosed above.
The shutoff device is connected between the first dc power supply 11 and the external circuit 20, and switches on and off the connection between the first dc power supply 11 and the external circuit 20 by the switching operation of the first switching tube S1. The connection of the shutdown device to the external circuit 20 may refer to connection to a local load, connection to a dc bus, or series connection with other shutdown devices.
Optionally, still referring to fig. 9, the shutdown device further includes a third diode D3 connected in anti-parallel to the output terminal of the shutdown device, for providing a current path for an external circuit when the first switching tube S1 is turned off. For example, when a plurality of shutdown devices with output terminals connected in series supply power to a load together, when 1 of the shutdown devices is in an off state, the output current of the remaining shutdown devices may flow through D3 of the shutdown device to form a path, so that all other shutdown devices cannot output due to the shutdown of the shutdown device.
Optionally, referring to fig. 10, any of the above-disclosed shutdown devices further includes: a MOSFET S3 connected in parallel at the output of the shut-off and a second drive circuit connected between the controller 10 and the MOSFET S3. In the embodiment, the MOSFET S3 is used for replacing the D3, and the loss and heat generation when the S3 is conducted are lower than those of the D3, so that the cost of the heat dissipation device can be reduced, and when a plurality of turn-off devices are connected in series to supply power to the load, the efficiency of supplying power to the load can be improved. The controller 10 controls the on/off of the MOSFET S3 by controlling the second driving circuit.
However, when the turn-off device exists in both of S1 and S3, the first dc power supply 11 is short-circuited when both of S1 and S3 are turned on, and therefore, the controller 10 must control S3 to turn off when controlling S1 to turn on. The controller 10 may control whether to turn on S3 when controlling S1 to turn off, for example, after S1 to turn off, when detecting that a current flows through the anti-parallel body diode of S3, S3 may be controlled to turn on to reduce diode turn-on loss, and when no current flows through S3, S3 may be controlled to turn off.
S1 is a unidirectional switch that prevents the first dc power supply 11 from outputting power to the output terminal when turned off, but if the voltage at the output terminal exceeds V1, the voltage will flow back from the anti-parallel body diode of S1 to the first dc power supply 11. In this regard, still referring to fig. 10, any of the above-disclosed turn-off devices may further include a fourth switching tube S4, an inverse series connection of S1 and S4, and driving pins of S1 and S4 are connected in parallel and share the same driving circuit, and with the turn-off device scheme of fig. 10, a bidirectional turn-off may be implemented.
The embodiment of the invention also discloses a distributed power generation system, which comprises a plurality of shut-off devices as shown in fig. 11, wherein the input end of each shut-off device is connected with a direct-current power supply, the output ends of the shut-off devices are connected in series to form a group string, the group string supplies power to a load, when a plurality of group strings exist, the plurality of group strings are connected in parallel to supply power to the load, and the shut-off devices are any one of the shut-off devices disclosed above. In fig. 11, the first dc power source 11 may be a photovoltaic module, a battery, a super capacitor, or a fuel cell. The load may be a DC powered electrical device, a DC/AC converter, a DC/DC converter, or the like. And each shutoff device selects whether to output the direct-current power supply at the input end to the output end according to the control requirement of the shutoff device. Or the distributed power generation system is also provided with a host which issues instructions for the turn-off devices through communication so as to control whether a single or all turn-off devices output direct-current power at the input end to the output end. The communication may be based on one of power line carrier communication, wireless communication, RS485 wired communication, dry junction connection communication, and the like, but is not limited thereto.
The embodiments in the present description are described in a progressive manner, each embodiment focuses on differences from other embodiments, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other.
In this document, relational terms such as first and second, and the like may be used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the embodiments. Thus, the present embodiments are not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but are to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (10)
1. A switching tube driving circuit is characterized in that the switching tube driving circuit is an interface circuit between a first switching tube and a controller; the first switching tube is connected between the positive electrode of the first direct-current power supply and an external circuit in series and used for connecting and disconnecting the first direct-current power supply and the external circuit;
the switch tube driving circuit comprises a DC/DC converter, an enabling circuit, a first diode, a first capacitor and a second circuit, wherein:
the input end of the DC/DC converter is connected with a second direct current power supply; the DC/DC converter is internally provided with a high-frequency switching tube, and the direct-current voltage conversion is realized through the high-frequency switching action of the high-frequency switching tube;
the anode of the first diode is connected with the anode of the first direct-current power supply, and the cathode of the first diode is connected with the first end of the first capacitor to form a first connecting point; a first pin of the high-frequency switching tube is connected with the anode or the cathode of the second direct-current power supply, and a second pin of the high-frequency switching tube is connected with a second end of the first capacitor; the input end of the second circuit is connected with the first connecting point, and the output end of the second circuit is connected to the driving pin of the first switch tube through the enabling circuit; the second circuit is used for converting the electric signal from the first connecting point into stable output voltage, and when the enabling circuit is switched on, the output voltage is used as driving voltage and is transmitted to the driving pin of the first switching tube;
the controller controls the enabling circuit to be turned on and off by sending a pulse signal.
2. The switching tube driving circuit according to claim 1, wherein the DC/DC converter is a buck converter;
correspondingly, the first pin of the high-frequency switching tube is connected to the positive electrode or the negative electrode of the second dc power supply, and the second pin of the high-frequency switching tube is connected to the second end of the first capacitor, which means that: a first pin of the high-frequency switching tube is connected with the positive electrode of the input end of the buck converter; and the second pin of the high-frequency switching tube is connected with the second end of the first capacitor.
3. The switching tube driving circuit according to claim 1, wherein the DC/DC converter is a boost converter;
correspondingly, a first pin of the high-frequency switching tube is connected with the positive electrode or the negative electrode of the second direct-current power supply, and a second pin of the high-frequency switching tube is connected with a second end of the first capacitor, namely the second pin of the high-frequency switching tube is connected with the negative electrode of the input end of the boost converter; and a first pin of the high-frequency switch tube is connected with a second end of the first capacitor.
4. The switching tube driving circuit according to claim 1, wherein the second dc power source is converted from the first dc power source through a first circuit; and the power supply input end of the controller is connected with the output end of the DC/DC converter.
5. The switching tube driver circuit of claim 1, wherein the enable circuit comprises a third NPN transistor, a second PNP transistor, a first resistor, a second resistor, and a third resistor, wherein:
the base electrode of the third NPN triode is connected with the pulse signal output end of the controller through the first resistor, the emitting electrode of the third NPN triode is connected with the ground wire of the controller, the collecting electrode of the third NPN triode is connected with the base electrode of the second PNP triode through the third resistor, the collecting electrode of the second PNP triode is connected with the driving pin of the first switching tube, the emitting electrode of the second PNP triode is connected with the positive electrode of the output end of the second circuit, and the second resistor is connected between the base electrode and the emitting electrode of the second PNP triode.
6. The switch tube driver circuit of claim 1, wherein the enable circuit comprises a fourth resistor, a fifth resistor, a sixth resistor, a fifth NPN transistor, a sixth PNP transistor, and a seventh NPN transistor, wherein:
a base electrode of the seventh NPN type triode is connected with a pulse signal output end of the controller through the fourth resistor, an emitting electrode of the seventh NPN type triode is connected with a ground wire of the controller, and a collecting electrode of the seventh NPN type triode is connected with an output end anode of the second circuit through the fifth resistor and the sixth resistor in sequence; the middle node of the fifth resistor and the sixth resistor is connected with the bases of the fifth NPN triode and the sixth PNP triode, the collector of the fifth NPN triode is connected with the positive electrode of the output end of the second circuit, the emitter of the fifth NPN triode is connected with the emitter of the sixth PNP triode and the driving pin of the first switch tube, and the collector of the sixth PNP triode is connected with the second pin of the first switch tube and the negative electrode of the output end of the second circuit.
7. The switching tube driver circuit according to claim 1, wherein the second circuit comprises a peak hold circuit and/or a voltage limit circuit, wherein:
the peak holding circuit is used for transmitting the peak potential of the first connecting point as a driving voltage to a driving pin of the first switching tube;
the voltage limiting circuit is used for stabilizing the output voltage of the second circuit within a maximum driving voltage value which can be borne by the first switching tube.
8. The switch tube driving circuit according to claim 1, further comprising:
and the discharge circuit is connected between the driving pin of the first switch tube and the enabling circuit and is used for providing a charge discharge path for the driving pin of the first switch tube when the enabling circuit is in an off state.
9. A shutoff device, comprising: a first switch tube, a controller and an interface circuit connecting the first switch tube and the controller, wherein the interface circuit is the switch tube driving circuit of any one of claims 1-8.
10. A distributed power generation system is characterized by comprising one or more group strings, wherein each group string comprises a plurality of cut-off devices, the input end of each cut-off device is connected with a direct-current power supply, the output ends of the cut-off devices in the same group string are connected in series to supply power for a load, and the group strings are connected in parallel to supply power for the load; the shutoff device according to claim 9.
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| CN201811268033.9A CN109347465B (en) | 2018-10-29 | 2018-10-29 | Switching tube driving circuit, turn-off device and distributed power generation system |
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| CN109347465B true CN109347465B (en) | 2022-09-16 |
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