CN109343116B - Stratum deformation earthquake detection method for non-structural cause - Google Patents
Stratum deformation earthquake detection method for non-structural cause Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to a stratum deformation seismic detection method, and particularly relates to a stratum deformation seismic detection method for non-structural causes, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of: 1) and (3) structural horizon interpretation: performing horizon interpretation on a target layer based on seismic data to obtain a structural diagram of the target layer; 2) edge detection: performing edge detection on the target layer structure diagram, and calculating a structure change gradient to obtain an edge detection result of a target layer structure layer; 3) qualitative and quantitative characterization: and carrying out qualitative and quantitative characterization to obtain the distribution range of the formation deformation and the size of the deformation quantity. The invention can be widely applied to oil sand reservoirs in Canada and offshore oil fields at home and abroad, and has certain popularization value.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to a stratum deformation earthquake detection method, and particularly relates to a stratum deformation earthquake detection method without structural causes.
Background
Oil sands assets in canada have become important overseas assets for middle sea oil. Currently, the oil sand reserves of canada 1/5 are mostly produced in situ. Steam Assisted Gravity Drainage (SAGD) is one of the more technologies currently used. For the special oil sand development mode, a plurality of geological factors influence the development effect, and formation deformation is one of the factors. The existence of the formation deformation can cause the heat of the steam cavity to escape along the formation, so that the development efficiency is greatly reduced, and therefore, the prediction of the formation deformation is very important for the efficient development of the oil sand reservoir. Formation deformation of an oil sand reservoir is mainly caused by karst collapse and differential compaction, and is greatly different from formation discontinuity caused by construction.
Formation deformation is essentially a discontinuous boundary of the formation. When the discontinuity of the stratum, such as fault, reef, salt dome, river channel, crack and other abnormal boundaries, exists, the seismic data can have a discontinuous seismic reflection area, and the reflection on the seismic image is edge information.
At present, for the detection of formation discontinuity information of a formation cause, such as faults, fractures and the like, a plurality of mature seismic attributes, such as coherent body attributes, variance body attributes, dip azimuth attributes, edge enhancement attributes and the like, exist. The attributes can extract potential structural information in the seismic data, and guide seismic interpreters to rapidly carry out fault plane combination, crack development zone identification and other work through attribute slicing.
The existing detection technology of the stratum discontinuous information based on the seismic data, such as coherent body attribute, variance body attribute, dip angle azimuth angle attribute, edge enhancement attribute and the like, is provided for the stratum discontinuous boundary of the structural cause, and has an unsatisfactory effect on the deformation of the micro-scale stratum caused by the non-structural movement.
For stratum deformation caused by non-structural reasons, particularly karst collapse, differential compaction and other actions, the traditional seismic attributes cannot well depict the stratum deformation plane spreading condition due to the fact that the plane distribution regularity is not strong and the seismic reflection homophase axis fault phenomenon on the section is not obvious.
How to develop the prediction of non-structural causes based on seismic data, especially the small-scale and weak formation deformation prediction aiming at karst collapse and differential compaction causes, has important significance for improving the SAGD development efficiency of the oil sand reservoir.
It follows that a detection method is needed for the detection of formation discontinuity information that is not of structural origin.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above problems, the present invention aims to provide a seismic detection method for formation deformation caused by non-structural factors, which is particularly suitable for small-scale seismic detection of formation deformation, and particularly relates to a seismic detection method for formation deformation caused by karst collapse and differential compaction caused by non-structural factors.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a non-formation-cause formation deformation seismic detection method comprises the following steps:
1) and (3) structural horizon interpretation: performing horizon interpretation on a target layer based on seismic data to obtain a structural diagram of the target layer;
2) edge detection: performing edge detection on the target layer structure diagram, and calculating a structure change gradient to obtain an edge detection result of a target layer structure layer;
3) qualitative and quantitative characterization: and carrying out qualitative and quantitative characterization to obtain the distribution range of the formation deformation and the size of the deformation quantity.
Further, in the step 3), the qualitative characterization means qualitatively characterizing deformation of the formation deformation through plane spread and seismic profile analysis.
Further, the qualitative characterization method comprises the following steps:
spreading on a plane: superposing the edge detection result of the step 2) with the constructional diagram of the step 1), setting a lower threshold according to the deformation tolerance of the stratum influencing oil sand development, and extracting the deformation of the stratum in the target layer meeting the structural gradient threshold to obtain a plane distribution result of the deformation of the stratum;
removing false and true: and according to the stratum deformation plane distribution result, further implementing the reliability of the obtained deformation detection result by combining the size and the characteristics of the deformation of the seismic section, and rejecting false information to obtain the distribution range of the stratum deformation.
Further, the quantitative characterization means that deformation of the formation deformation is quantitatively characterized by analyzing the structure gradient size of the edge detection result in the step 2) to obtain the size of the formation deformation.
Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the following advantages:
1. the invention adopts the change of the planar structural horizon to identify the stratum deformation of the non-structural cause, and solves the analysis of the stratum deformation of the non-structural cause without regularity and basically without fault.
2. The invention adopts the structure edge detection to reflect the change speed of the structure layer position, identifies the distribution and the deformation quantity of the stratum deformation of non-structure cause, and is visual and reliable.
3. The invention only carries out edge detection on the structure layer position, but not directly carries out attribute calculation on the seismic data, thereby greatly improving the calculation efficiency and rapidly obtaining the plane spread information of the discontinuity of the stratum.
4. The invention does not directly operate the seismic data, so the calculation result is not limited by the resolution of the seismic data.
5. The invention finds the position with relatively violent change of the structure by calculating the structure gradient, and has stronger guiding significance for small-scale and weak discontinuous information.
6. The invention combines the edge detection result with the construction information to depict the formation deformation information, thereby reducing the multi-solution of the formation deformation explanation.
7. According to the invention, the structural horizon variation analysis is carried out on the small-scale weak stratum deformation with weak plane distribution regularity caused by non-structural reasons, and the deformation quantity is quantitatively represented, so that the distribution range of the stratum deformation can be obtained, the deformation quantity of the stratum can be obtained, the calculation efficiency is high, and the result reliability is high.
8. The invention can be widely applied to oil sand reservoirs in Canada and offshore oil fields at home and abroad, and has certain popularization value.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic of the process of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a diagram of the steps of the method of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a target layer configuration diagram of an embodiment;
FIG. 4 is a graph of the edge detection result of the structure diagram of the target layer according to the embodiment;
FIG. 5 is a structural diagram of the embodiment overlaid with the edge detection result;
FIG. 6 is a diagram of formation deformation measurements according to an example;
FIG. 7 is a quantitative characterization chart of the deformation detection results of the examples.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below with reference to the figures and examples.
As shown in FIG. 1, a seismic detection method for formation deformation caused by non-structural factors adopts structural horizon change to identify formation deformation caused by non-structural factors.
And (3) reflecting the speed of the change of the structural horizon by adopting structural edge detection, and identifying the stratum deformation of the non-structural cause.
The method is characterized in that a target layer structure horizon is combined with structure edge detection, micro-scale stratum deformation caused by non-structural reasons is identified, qualitative and quantitative characterization is carried out on the stratum deformation, the qualitative characterization is carried out according to the distribution range of the stratum deformation, and the quantitative characterization is carried out according to the deformation quantity of the stratum deformation.
The method comprises the following steps:
1) performing horizon interpretation on a target layer to obtain a structural diagram of the target layer;
2) performing edge detection on the structural diagram, and calculating a structural change gradient to obtain an edge detection result of a structural horizon;
3) and carrying out qualitative and quantitative characterization to obtain the distribution range of the formation deformation and the size of the deformation quantity.
(1) And (3) qualitative characterization: and qualitatively representing the deformation quantity through plane distribution and seismic profile analysis.
(2) Quantitative characterization: and (3) analyzing the edge detection result in the step 2) through the size of the structural gradient, and quantitatively characterizing the deformation quantity.
As shown in fig. 2, the method specifically includes the following steps:
s1, horizon interpretation: performing horizon interpretation on a target layer based on seismic data to obtain a structural diagram of the target layer;
s2, edge detection: performing edge detection on the structural diagram, and calculating a structural change gradient to obtain an edge detection result of a structural horizon;
s3, qualitative characterization:
(1) spreading on a plane: superposing the edge detection result of the step 2) with the construction diagram of the step 1), and setting a lower threshold according to the stratum deformation tolerance influencing oil sand development to obtain a stratum deformation plane spreading result;
(2) removing false and true: according to the stratum deformation plane distribution result, further implementing the reliability of the deformation detection result obtained in the step (1) by combining the seismic profile;
s4, quantitative characterization: and (3) quantitatively characterizing the deformation quantity of the edge detection result in the step 2) according to the size of the structural gradient.
Examples
The embodiment is based on 3D seismic data, and carries out detection and analysis on stratum deformation caused by non-structural causes, particularly karst collapse, differential compaction and the like according to the data pair of deformation of the same phase axis and structural horizon of a seismic section, and comprises the following steps:
1) the method comprises the steps of performing horizon interpretation with certain density on a target layer based on 3D seismic data, gridding interpreted horizons, obtaining a structural map of the target layer, and obtaining height values of structural horizons, wherein different colors represent different depths, as shown in FIG. 3, in the embodiment, colors [ RGB, (255,0,0) ] (red), [ RGB, (255,225,0) ] (yellow) represent ground height, [ RGB, (160,32,240) ] (purple), [ RGB, (0, 0, 255) ] (blue) represent ground level low, and the position with faster color change indicates that the structural change is faster.
2) Performing edge detection on the structural layer position data, calculating a structural gradient to obtain a structural layer position edge detection result of a target layer, and obtaining a structural gradient value representing the speed of structural change, wherein different colors represent different speeds of change, as shown in fig. 4, [ RGB, (160,32,240) ] (purple), [ RGB, (0, 0, 255) ] (blue) represents a region with large structural gradient, namely large structural change and relatively fast structural change; [ RGB, (255,0,0) ] (red), [ RGB, (0, 255, 0) ] (green), [ RGB, (255,225,0) ] (yellow) represents a region where the structural change is small in gradient and relatively gentle, and places where the structural change is fast are focused, and this corresponds to the edge detection result of the structure.
3) And overlapping the edge detection result and the structural diagram together, namely overlapping two diagrams for displaying, setting a structural gradient threshold according to geological conditions of a research area and a lower limit of stratum deformation tolerance influencing oil sand development, extracting stratum deformation of a target layer with a certain scale, obtaining a stratum deformation plane distribution result, and obtaining possible stratum deformation distribution, wherein as shown in fig. 5, a place where the structural change is fast, a possible karst deformation or a stratum deformation area are focused.
4) According to the stratum deformation plane distribution result, the reliability of the deformation detection result is further realized by combining the size and the characteristics of the seismic section deformation, and the false information is removed, as shown in fig. 6, the range defined by the white curve is the stratum deformation caused by the identified effects of karst collapse, differential compaction and the like.
5) According to the structural gradient magnitude value, the deformation quantity is quantitatively characterized, and the magnitude of the formation deformation quantity is obtained, as shown in FIG. 7, the representative deformation quantity of [ RGB, (255,0,0) ] (red) and [ RGB, (255,225,0) ] (yellow) is larger, the representative deformation quantity of [ RGB, (0, 255, 0) ] (green) is smaller, and the representative deformation quantity of [ RGB, (0, 0, 255) ] (blue) and [ RGB, (160,32,240) ] (purple) are smaller. The larger the deformation quantity is, the faster the stratum deformation is, and the stratum change is faster, so that the size of the stratum deformation quantity is obtained.
Therefore, deformation causes are analyzed according to the deformation quantity of 5) and the plane distribution rule of 4), deformation is classified based on different causes, and the stratum deformation distribution range and the layer deformation quantity caused by non-structural causes, particularly karst collapse, differential compaction and the like are obtained.
The above embodiments are only used for illustrating the present invention, and the structure, connection mode, manufacturing process, etc. of the components may be changed, and all equivalent changes and modifications performed on the basis of the technical solution of the present invention should not be excluded from the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. A stratum deformation seismic detection method of non-structural cause is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) and (3) structural horizon interpretation: performing horizon interpretation on a target layer based on the 3D seismic data to obtain a structural diagram of the target layer;
2) edge detection: performing edge detection on the target layer structure diagram, and calculating a structure change gradient to obtain an edge detection result of a target layer structure layer;
3) qualitative and quantitative characterization: performing qualitative and quantitative characterization to obtain the distribution range of formation deformation and the size of the deformation amount;
the qualitative characterization method is characterized in that deformation quantity of stratum deformation is qualitatively characterized through plane spread and seismic profile analysis, and the qualitative characterization method comprises the following steps:
spreading on a plane: superposing the edge detection result of the step 2) with the constructional diagram of the step 1), setting a lower threshold according to the formation deformation tolerance influencing oil sand development, extracting the formation deformation meeting the structural gradient threshold in the target layer, obtaining a formation deformation plane spreading result, and obtaining possible formation deformation;
removing false and true: and according to the stratum deformation plane distribution result, further implementing the reliability of the obtained deformation detection result by combining the size and the characteristics of the deformation of the seismic section, and rejecting false information to obtain the distribution range of the stratum deformation.
2. A method of seismic acquisition of non-tectonically-caused formation deformation as set forth in claim 1, wherein: and the quantitative characterization means that deformation quantity of the formation deformation is quantitatively characterized by analyzing the structure gradient size of the edge detection result in the step 2) to obtain the size of the formation deformation quantity.
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