CN111474583A - Fault interpretation method and structural trap identification method for fault block oil reservoir - Google Patents
Fault interpretation method and structural trap identification method for fault block oil reservoir Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a fault interpretation method and a structural trap identification method for a fault block oil reservoir, which comprise the following steps: selecting one construction style to determine a corresponding construction model according to the possible construction styles of the research area; obtaining an original fault explanation according to well breakpoint information of a research area; denoising the seismic data information of the research area, and obtaining a corresponding fault depicting result by using the denoised seismic data information; combining the fault description result with the original fault explanation to obtain a new fault explanation, judging whether the new fault explanation is consistent with the construction model, and if so, taking the new fault explanation as a final fault explanation; otherwise, a build pattern is reselected to determine the model until the new fault interpretation matches the build model. The invention avoids the ambiguity and uncertainty caused by purely relying on seismic data to carry out construction interpretation, and improves the accuracy of fault interpretation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of geographic exploration, and particularly relates to a fault interpretation method and a structural trap identification method for a fault block oil reservoir.
Background
With the continuous deepening of oil exploration and development, the oil deposit is more and more difficult to find. The complex fault block oil reservoir is the main oil reservoir type for constructing the oil reservoir, and a fracture system is complex due to the fact that faults of the complex fault block oil reservoir develop for multiple times. In the development process of the oil field, the description accuracy of the structure is directly related to the development adjustment effect of the oil field. The key to the fault description is the fault identification and plane combination, so the method research and application of fault identification and plane combination are increasingly important.
Because the seismic data of the complex fault block oil reservoir are relatively disordered in the same phase axis and relatively low in signal-to-noise ratio, the interpretation and depiction of the fault are greatly influenced, and the depiction result is inaccurate by simply adopting a conventional construction and interpretation method. For example, when a fault is drawn by using a conventional coherent body, the fault interpretation has uncertainty, and the fault layer combination scheme has multi-solution, which brings much uncertainty to the trap identification, so that the trap cannot be correctly identified.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a fault interpretation method of a fault block oil reservoir, which is used for solving the problem that fault interpretation is uncertain due to the adoption of the conventional fault interpretation method; the invention also provides a method for identifying the structural trap of the fault block oil reservoir, which is used for further solving the problem of incorrect identification of the trap.
In order to solve the technical problem, the technical scheme of the invention comprises the following steps:
the invention provides a fault interpretation method of a fault block oil reservoir, which comprises the following steps:
determining possible construction patterns of the research area according to the fracture macroscopic features and the previous construction faces of the research area, and selecting one construction pattern to determine a corresponding construction model;
carrying out fault calibration in the seismic profile according to well breakpoint information of the research area, and obtaining an original fault explanation according to the seismic profile of the calibrated fault and the construction model;
denoising the seismic data information of the research area, and obtaining a corresponding fault depicting result by using the denoised seismic data information;
combining the fault description result with the original fault explanation to obtain a new fault explanation, wherein the new fault explanation is obtained by mutually verifying the fault description result and the original fault explanation;
judging whether the new fault interpretation is consistent with the construction model or not, and if so, taking the new fault interpretation as a final fault interpretation; if the fault interpretation does not accord with the structural model, a structural model is reselected from the possible structural models in the research area, the corresponding structural model is determined according to the reselected structural model, and then a new fault interpretation is obtained again until the newly obtained fault interpretation accords with the newly determined structural model.
The beneficial effects of the above technical scheme are: selecting a construction style and determining a corresponding construction model according to the possible construction styles of the research area, and guiding fault interpretation according to the construction model to obtain an original fault interpretation; and then obtaining a corresponding fault description result according to the seismic data information, mutually verifying the fault description result and the original fault description to obtain a new fault description, when the new fault description conforms to the theoretical guidance of the structural model, explaining that the explanation is reasonable, otherwise, reselecting a structural style and determining the corresponding structural model, and further obtaining a new fault description again until the newly obtained new fault description conforms to the newly determined structural model. The fault interpretation method and the fault interpretation system have the advantages that the construction model is adopted to guide the construction interpretation, the corresponding fault interpretation is obtained under the guidance of the construction model and in combination with the seismic data information, and when the fault interpretation construction model is consistent, the fault interpretation is correct, so that the multi-solution property and uncertainty caused by the fact that the construction interpretation is carried out only by means of the seismic data information are avoided, and the fault identification accuracy and the fault combination rationality are improved.
Further, in order to obtain a coherent body that is relatively clear for the fault depiction so as to improve the accuracy of the fault depiction result, the method for denoising the seismic data information of the research area further includes:
decomposing the seismic data information after denoising into a series of single-frequency bodies;
adopting the single-frequency bodies to respectively perform fault carving, and fusing all the single-frequency bodies meeting set definition conditions for the fault carving;
and carrying out fault interpretation in the seismic profile by using the fused single-frequency body to obtain a corresponding fault depicting result.
Furthermore, in order to enhance the continuity of the in-phase axis, a structure-oriented filtering method is adopted to perform denoising processing on the seismic data information of the research area.
Further, the single-frequency bodies are fused by an RGB fusion method.
Furthermore, denoising the seismic data information of the research area by adopting a median filtering method.
The invention also provides a method for identifying the structural trap of the fault block oil reservoir, which comprises the following steps:
determining possible construction patterns of the research area according to the fracture macroscopic features and the previous construction faces of the research area, and selecting one construction pattern to determine a corresponding construction model;
carrying out fault calibration in the seismic profile according to well breakpoint information of the research area, and obtaining an original fault explanation according to the seismic profile of the calibrated fault and the construction model;
denoising the seismic data information of the research area, and obtaining a corresponding fault depicting result by using the denoised seismic data information;
combining the fault description result with the original fault explanation to obtain a new fault explanation, wherein the new fault explanation is obtained by mutually verifying the fault description result and the original fault explanation;
judging whether the new fault interpretation is consistent with the construction model or not, and if so, taking the new fault interpretation as a final fault interpretation; if the fault interpretation does not accord with the structural model, reselecting a structural style from the possible structural styles in the research area, determining the corresponding structural model according to the reselected structural style, and further obtaining a new fault interpretation again until the newly obtained new fault interpretation accords with the newly determined structural model;
and carrying out structural trap identification by using the final fault interpretation.
The beneficial effects of the above technical scheme are: selecting a construction style and determining a corresponding construction model according to the possible construction styles of the research area, and guiding fault interpretation according to the construction model to obtain an original fault interpretation; and then obtaining a corresponding fault description result according to the seismic data information, wherein the fault description result and the original fault description are mutually verified to obtain a new fault description, when the new fault description conforms to the theoretical guidance of the structural model, the explanation is reasonable, otherwise, a structural style is selected again, the corresponding structural model is determined, and a new fault description is obtained again until the new fault description obtained again conforms to the newly determined structural model. The fault interpretation method and the fault interpretation system have the advantages that the construction model is adopted to guide the construction interpretation, the corresponding fault interpretation is obtained under the guidance of the construction model and in combination with the seismic data information, and when the fault interpretation construction model is consistent, the fault interpretation is correct, so that the multi-solution property and uncertainty caused by the construction interpretation by singly depending on the seismic data information are avoided, the fault identification accuracy and the fault combination rationality are improved, and the accuracy, the reliability and the objectivity of the construction trap identification are enhanced.
Further, in order to obtain a coherent body that is relatively clear for the fault depiction so as to improve the accuracy of the fault depiction result, the method for denoising the seismic data information of the research area further includes:
decomposing the seismic data information after denoising into a series of single-frequency bodies;
adopting the single-frequency bodies to respectively perform fault carving, and fusing all the single-frequency bodies meeting set definition conditions for the fault carving;
and carrying out fault interpretation in the seismic profile by using the fused single-frequency body to obtain a corresponding fault depicting result.
Furthermore, in order to enhance the continuity of the in-phase axis, a structure-oriented filtering method is adopted to perform denoising processing on the seismic data information of the research area.
Further, the single-frequency bodies are fused by an RGB fusion method.
Furthermore, denoising the seismic data information of the research area by adopting a median filtering method.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flowchart of a method in example 1 of the present invention;
fig. 2(a) is a cross-sectional screenshot corresponding to a construction model in embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2(b) is a cross-sectional view of the cross-sectional mold of example 1 according to FIG. 2 (a);
FIG. 3 is a section L504 explained under the guidance of a construction model in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a section L640 explained under the guidance of the construction model in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view showing the phase of investigation of a fault layer in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a section L288 illustrating under the guidance of a construction model in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a section L352 taken under the guidance of a construction model in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is an explanatory diagram of an arbitrary line of a seismic section under the guidance of a tectonic model in example 1 of the present invention;
fig. 9(a) is a cross-sectional screenshot corresponding to the second construction model in embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 9(b) is a cross-sectional mold according to FIG. 9(a) in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view of a filter treated in accordance with example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view of the filter treated according to example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 12 is a schematic drawing of a 20Hz slice of a coherent body in example 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 13 is a schematic drawing of a 30Hz slice of a coherent body in example 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 14 is a schematic drawing showing slices of 20Hz and 30Hz fused coherent bodies in example 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 15 is a flowchart of a method in embodiment 2 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
Example 1:
the embodiment provides a fault interpretation method of a fault block oil reservoir, which utilizes a typical example as a comparative structure model to guide the structure interpretation, and simultaneously develops corresponding structure-oriented filtering to improve the signal-to-noise ratio of seismic data, thereby making up for the multi-solution and uncertainty caused by simple structure interpretation, and improving the fault identification capability and the fault combination rationality. The method is suitable for fault development, complex structure, poor seismic data quality and areas where conventional coherent bodies cannot accurately depict faults.
Specifically, a flow chart corresponding to the fault interpretation method of the fault block oil reservoir is shown in fig. 1, and the method comprises the following steps:
(1) determining a research area, and collecting seismic data, well point information and the interpretation result of predecessors in the research area.
Wherein, in this embodiment, the area of the region of interest is determined to be 104Km2Breakpoint information exists for 287 wells in the zone. Collected byThe storage format of the seismic data volume of the research area is SEG-Y format, which is one of the standard tape data formats proposed by SEG (society of Exploration geography), and is one of the most common formats of seismic data in the oil Exploration industry. As other embodiments, the collected seismic data volume may be in other storage formats. Well point information of a research area mainly refers to breakpoint information on a well, and is used for accurately explaining a well fault; the former interpretation result refers to the previous interpretation scheme of the research region, and mainly comprises the interpretation of faults and the interpretation of horizons.
(2) According to the explanation result of the predecessor, the seismic data in the research area are preliminarily analyzed, the area with multiple solution of the structure explanation in the research area is determined, and the existing fracture macroscopic characteristics and the prior structure appearance in the research area are presumed according to the explanation result of the predecessor. And according to the presumed breaking macroscopic characteristics and the prior structural appearance of the research area, presuming possible structural styles of the research area, selecting one structural style and determining a corresponding structural model.
In the present embodiment, according to the results of the previous explanation, the forward fault mainly develops due to the influence of the tension on the study area, and the types of the forward fault are mainly 4, that is, the shovel forward fault, the non-rotating planar forward fault, the rotating planar forward fault, and the terrace forward fault. According to the existing fracture macroscopic characteristics and the prior structural appearance analysis of a research area, the types of the forward faults of the research area are mainly shovel forward faults and non-rotating plane forward faults, a forward fault group, namely a structural style, is obtained according to the two forward faults, and two corresponding structural models are presumed according to the forward fault group, namely the structural style, wherein the two structural models are respectively a structural model I and a structural model II, and the two structural models are correspondingly explained as follows:
constructing a first model: from the analysis of the tectonic models in fig. 2(a) and 2(b), it can be seen that there are two specific tectonic sites in the moat fault recess of shovel normal fault control that develop regulatory secondary normal faults, forming a regular normal fault combination, as shown in fig. 3. One is that the big break part near the boundary is further broken to form a series of shovel type normal faults which are in the same direction and reverse direction with the big break part at the boundary; the other is that a V-shaped or X-shaped normal fracture layer group develops on a half cutting structure slope. In addition, it is known from the construction model that the early formed regulatory secondary normal fault group appears at the slope edge, as shown in fig. 4, and the subsequently formed normal fault group develops inside the fault trap, as shown in fig. 5. That is, the earlier formed fault deforms progressively with the stretch configuration, and a "view migration" occurs, which is one of the reasons why the study of the fault groups is explained periodically.
The above is an explanation of the first construction model, which is the result of a flask simulation experiment performed by the predecessor, fig. 2(a) is a cross-sectional view of the flask simulation, and fig. 2(b) is a cross-sectional model fabricated according to fig. 2 (a). In fig. 2(a) and 2(b), the stretch ratio e of the stretched structure is 42%.
Constructing a second model: in the new interpretation scheme of the research area, the fault which is originally one is re-segmented and interpreted into two faults, and the upper part is re-interpreted as a slipping fault. It can be seen from the positive line of the seismic section that the cutting relationship of the positive fault groups related to the slip fault has ambiguity, as shown in fig. 6, 7 and 8. Wherein, fig. 6, 7 and 8 are the explanation schemes of the normal line and the arbitrary line of the seismic section under the guidance of the construction model, namely the construction mode under the guidance of the construction model II. As can be seen from the analysis of the model of the formation of the graben-base fault system (non-rotating planar positive fault) in fig. 9(a) and 9(b), if the deep part of the graben develops and separates from the fault or the near-horizontal slip layer, the position of the intersection point in which the formed positive fault extends to the deep part is approximately equal to or shallower than the depth of the slip layer after the amount of extension displacement reaches a certain degree. From any line, it can be seen that the new interpretation scheme is in line with the theoretical guidelines for constructing the model.
The above is an explanation of the second structural model, and the second structural model and fig. 6, 7, 8, and 9 are sufficient explanations of the structural model.
A normal/broken layer group obtained from a shovel normal fault and a non-rotating planar normal fault is compared with the estimated typical structure patterns of the two structure models, and the structure model corresponding to the most similar typical structure pattern of the normal/broken layer group is used as the structure model corresponding to the normal/broken layer group. In this embodiment, a first structural model is selected as the structural model corresponding to the positive fault group.
(3) And carrying out fault calibration in the seismic profile according to the well breakpoint information of the research area, and obtaining an original fault explanation according to the seismic profile of the calibrated fault and the determined structural model.
In the embodiment, faults in a research area are compared and developed, and the faults are preliminarily restored and explained by adopting a method of profile orientation, slice orientation and comprehensive production shape determination in the conventional technology and combining well breakpoint information after accurate calibration. The method is characterized in that the well fracture point information is calibrated on a seismic section according to the calibrated well fracture point information, and then the fault explained on the section is combined with the calibrated well fracture point information, namely the well-seismic combination, and the method is a conventional and necessary explanation technology.
(4) And denoising the seismic data information of the research area, and obtaining a corresponding fault depicting result by using the denoised seismic data information.
In the method, for areas with complex structures and poor seismic data quality, a structure-oriented filtering processing technology is used for original seismic data, random noise is removed along the direction of a seismic event, and compared with a conventional method, the method can achieve higher consistency with a signal without noise, so that the aim of increasing the continuity of the event is fulfilled. Fig. 10 and 11 are cross-sectional views of the three-dimensional seismic data of the study area before and after filtering, respectively, and the signal-to-noise ratio of the seismic data after structure-oriented filtering is obviously improved, the fault characteristics are more obvious, the break points are clearer, and the fault positions are more definite.
(5) And combining the fault description result with the original fault explanation to obtain a new fault explanation.
And (3) comparing the fault depicting result obtained in the step (4) with the original fault explanation obtained in the step (3) to obtain a new fault explanation under mutual evidence. The reason why the fault description result and the original fault interpretation are mutually verified to obtain a new fault interpretation is that: and (3) fault interpretation is carried out by utilizing original seismic data, the signal-to-noise ratio of the original seismic data is low, and although the fault interpretation precision is improved by well-seismic combination, faults can not be well identified by utilizing original seismic profiles. And step (4) is to carry out denoising processing on the original seismic data to obtain a seismic data volume capable of well identifying faults. However, there are some uncertain factors in the denoised data volume, which may result in the real information of the data volume being weakened or the boundary being lost. Therefore, the step (3) and the step (4) need to mutually verify to carry out fault interpretation, and the accuracy of fault interpretation is improved.
(6) Judging whether the new fault interpretation is consistent with the construction model or not, and if so, taking the new fault interpretation as a final fault interpretation; if the fault interpretation does not accord with the structural model, a structural model is reselected from the possible structural models in the research area, the corresponding structural model is determined according to the reselected structural model, and then a new fault interpretation is obtained again until the newly obtained fault interpretation accords with the newly determined structural model.
Comparing the new fault interpretation obtained in the step (5) with the structural model determined in the step (2), namely the first structural model, and if the theoretical guidance of the structural model in the step (2) can be met, explaining that the interpretation result is reasonable; and (3) if the theoretical guidance for constructing the model in the step (2) cannot be met, returning to the step (2) and continuously repeating the step. The new fault interpretation conforms to the theoretical guidance of the construction model, namely, the construction pattern obtained by the new fault interpretation is basically consistent with the typical construction pattern of the construction model determined in the step (2). For example, according to a structural model I, two specific structural part development regulatory secondary normal faults in the half-moat fault trap of shovel normal fault control form a regular normal fault layer combination, and if a structural style obtained by a new fault interpretation is matched with the theory, the new fault interpretation accords with the theoretical guidance of the structural model.
Example 2:
the embodiment provides a fault interpretation method for a fault block oil reservoir, and a corresponding flow chart is shown in fig. 15. The method is different from the embodiment 1 only in that after the seismic data information of the research area is denoised, frequency division coherent processing needs to be performed on the denoised seismic data information, and the specific process is as follows:
decomposing the seismic data information after denoising into a series of single-frequency bodies;
adopting single-frequency bodies to respectively carry out fault carving, and fusing all the single-frequency bodies which meet the set definition condition for the fault carving; and carrying out fault interpretation in the seismic profile by using the fused single-frequency body to obtain a corresponding fault depicting result.
In this embodiment, it is found through screening that the 20Hz single-frequency coherent body and the 30Hz single-frequency coherent body are clearer for the tomographic delineation, as shown in fig. 12 and 13, respectively, and then the 20Hz single-frequency coherent body and the 30Hz single-frequency coherent body are fused together by using the RGB fusion technology, so as to obtain a fused coherent body, and fig. 14 shows a time slice of the fused coherent body.
Example 3:
the embodiment provides a fault interpretation method for a fault block oil reservoir, which is different from the embodiment 2 only in that when the seismic data information of a research area is subjected to denoising processing, the adopted denoising method is median filtering.
Example 4:
this example provides a method for identifying structural traps in a fault reservoir, which utilizes the final fault interpretation obtained in example 1 to identify structural traps. Since the specific process of identifying the structural trap by fault interpretation belongs to the prior art, the detailed description is omitted here.
Example 5:
this example provides a method for identifying structural traps in a fault reservoir, which utilizes the final fault interpretation obtained in example 2 to identify structural traps. Since the specific process of identifying the structural trap by fault interpretation belongs to the prior art, the detailed description is omitted here.
Example 6:
this example provides a method for identifying structural traps in a fault reservoir, which utilizes the final fault interpretation obtained in example 3 to identify structural traps. Since the specific process of identifying the structural trap by fault interpretation belongs to the prior art, the detailed description is omitted here.
Claims (10)
1. A fault interpretation method of a fault block oil reservoir is characterized by comprising the following steps:
determining possible construction patterns of the research area according to the fracture macroscopic features and the previous construction faces of the research area, and selecting one construction pattern to determine a corresponding construction model;
carrying out fault calibration in the seismic profile according to well breakpoint information of the research area, and obtaining an original fault explanation according to the seismic profile of the calibrated fault and the construction model;
denoising the seismic data information of the research area, and obtaining a corresponding fault depicting result by using the denoised seismic data information;
combining the fault description result with the original fault explanation to obtain a new fault explanation, wherein the new fault explanation is obtained by mutually verifying the fault description result and the original fault explanation;
judging whether the new fault interpretation is consistent with the construction model or not, and if so, taking the new fault interpretation as a final fault interpretation; if the fault interpretation does not accord with the structural model, a structural model is reselected from the possible structural models in the research area, the corresponding structural model is determined according to the reselected structural model, and then a new fault interpretation is obtained again until the newly obtained fault interpretation accords with the newly determined structural model.
2. The fault interpretation method for a fault block reservoir according to claim 1, wherein after denoising the seismic data information of the research area, the method further comprises:
decomposing the seismic data information after denoising into a series of single-frequency bodies;
adopting the single-frequency bodies to respectively perform fault carving, and fusing all the single-frequency bodies meeting set definition conditions for the fault carving;
and carrying out fault interpretation in the seismic profile by using the fused single-frequency body to obtain a corresponding fault depicting result.
3. The fault interpretation method of a fault block reservoir as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the seismic data information of the research area is denoised by a tectonic guided filtering method.
4. The fault interpretation method of a fault block reservoir of claim 2, wherein the single-frequency bodies are fused using an RGB fusion method.
5. The fault interpretation method of a fault block reservoir as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the seismic data information of the research area is denoised by a median filtering method.
6. A method for identifying the structural trap of a fault block oil reservoir is characterized by comprising the following steps:
determining possible construction patterns of the research area according to the fracture macroscopic features and the previous construction faces of the research area, and selecting one construction pattern to determine a corresponding construction model;
carrying out fault calibration in the seismic profile according to well breakpoint information of the research area, and obtaining an original fault explanation according to the seismic profile of the calibrated fault and the construction model;
denoising the seismic data information of the research area, and obtaining a corresponding fault depicting result by using the denoised seismic data information;
combining the fault description result with the original fault explanation to obtain a new fault explanation, wherein the new fault explanation is obtained by mutually verifying the fault description result and the original fault explanation;
judging whether the new fault interpretation is consistent with the construction model or not, and if so, taking the new fault interpretation as a final fault interpretation; if the fault interpretation does not accord with the structural model, reselecting a structural style from the possible structural styles in the research area, determining the corresponding structural model according to the reselected structural style, and further obtaining a new fault interpretation again until the newly obtained new fault interpretation accords with the newly determined structural model;
and carrying out structural trap identification by using the final fault interpretation.
7. The method for identifying the tectonic trap of a fault block reservoir as claimed in claim 6, wherein the denoising processing is performed on the seismic data information of the research area, and the method further comprises:
decomposing the seismic data information after denoising into a series of single-frequency bodies;
adopting the single-frequency bodies to respectively perform fault carving, and fusing all the single-frequency bodies meeting set definition conditions for the fault carving;
and carrying out fault interpretation in the seismic profile by using the fused single-frequency body to obtain a corresponding fault depicting result.
8. The method for identifying the tectonic trap of the fault block oil reservoir as claimed in claim 6 or 7, characterized in that a tectonic guided filtering method is adopted to carry out denoising processing on the seismic data information of the research area.
9. The method for identifying the structural trapping of the fault block oil reservoir according to claim 7, wherein the single-frequency bodies are fused by an RGB fusion method.
10. The method for identifying the tectonic trapping of the fault block oil reservoir as claimed in claim 6 or 7, characterized in that a median filtering method is adopted to perform denoising processing on the seismic data information of the research area.
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| CN112505762A (en) * | 2020-10-29 | 2021-03-16 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Secondary sliding fracture secondary interpretation method based on data driving |
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| CN114594518A (en) * | 2020-12-04 | 2022-06-07 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Fine stratum contrast method for complex fault blocks in later development period based on well-seismic alternation |
| CN114594518B (en) * | 2020-12-04 | 2023-04-07 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Fine stratum contrast method for complex fault blocks in later development period based on well-seismic alternation |
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