CN109337573A - 一种无氟型聚苯硫醚超疏水涂层及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种无氟型聚苯硫醚超疏水涂层及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种无氟型聚苯硫醚超疏水涂层,其特征在于,所述涂层由以下重量分数比的原料制成:聚苯硫醚树脂:70‑95份,硅酮树脂:5‑30份,纳米片状粒子:0.1‑10份,纳米纤维:0.5‑10份,半胱氨酸:0.1‑3份,乙醇:200‑500份,水:10‑30份,表面活性剂:10‑30份;及制备所述无氟型聚苯硫醚超疏水涂层的方法;解决现有聚苯硫醚超疏水涂层需添加含氟物质的问题,及现有含氟聚苯硫醚超疏水涂层的耐磨性能不足的问题。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种聚苯硫醚超疏水涂层及其制备方法。
背景技术
近年来,聚苯硫醚树脂因其高机械强度、耐高温、耐化学药品性能强、粘附力强、阻燃等特性,被认定为我国战略新型材料之一。常常应用于电子电气、机械、建筑、涂料等领域。
虽然聚苯硫醚树脂常常被用作传统涂层的基体,但是却很少作为功能性涂层的基体。目前存在的文献【doi】10.1016/j.jallcom.2017.05.333和【doi】10.1166/jnn.2012.6585等虽然以聚苯硫醚作为超疏水涂层成膜物质,但因为聚苯硫醚本身疏水性能不好,疏水角仅为78°,所以通常需要添加含氟物质提供低表面能才能具有超疏水性能,由于氟的存在不仅污染环境还会提高成本;而且这类含氟的聚苯硫醚超疏水涂层的耐磨性能不足。
发明内容
有鉴于此,本发明提供一种无氟型聚苯硫醚超疏水涂层及制备该涂层的方法,解决现有聚苯硫醚超疏水涂层需添加含氟物质的问题,及现有含氟聚苯硫醚超疏水涂层的耐磨性能不足的问题。
第一方面,提供一种无氟型聚苯硫醚超疏水涂层,其特征在于,所述涂层由以下重量分数比的原料制成:
聚苯硫醚树脂:70-95份,
硅酮树脂:5-30份,
纳米片状粒子:0.1-10份,
纳米纤维:0.5-10份,
半胱氨酸:0.1-3份,
乙醇:200-500份,
水:10-30份,
表面活性剂:10-30份。
优选地,所述纳米片状粒子,是石墨烯、云母粉、二硫化钼或玻璃鳞片中的一种或几种。
优选地,所述纳米纤维,是碳纳米管、碳纳米纤维、钛纳米线、硅纳米线、氧化锌纳米线,钛酸钾晶须或碳化硅晶须中的一种或几种。
优选地,所述表面活性剂,是多巴胺、KH550(γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷)、KH560(3―缩水甘油醚氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷)中的一种或几种。
第二方面,提供一种无氟型聚苯硫醚超疏水涂层的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)将聚苯硫醚、硅酮树脂与半胱氨酸在乙醇中球磨,得到悬浊液A;
(2)将纳米片状粒子、纳米纤维、表面活性剂、乙醇及水混合均匀,得到溶液B;
(3)取相同重量的所述悬浊液A与所述溶液B,将二者混合均匀得到涂料C;
(4)将所述涂料C喷涂并经过250 ℃-400 ℃煅烧10-90分钟后,自然降温得到所述无氟型聚苯硫醚超疏水涂层。
优选地,所述步骤(1)中,所述球磨时间为1-20 h。
优选地,所述步骤(2)中,所述混合采用先超声处理后磁力搅拌的方式,所述混合时间为1-36 h。
优选地,所述步骤(3)中,所述混合采用先超声处理后磁力搅拌的方式,所述混合时间为1-2 h。
优选地,所述步骤(4)中,所述喷涂温度为20℃-320 ℃,所述喷涂层间间隔为120-180秒。
本发明无氟型聚苯硫醚超疏水涂层具有超疏水性能的原理解释:
硅酮粉是一种高性能多功能粉末有机硅,以柔性良好的Si-O基本单元构成主链,具有良好的耐磨性、延展性、耐冲击性和耐高温性能。除此之外,围绕主链的-CH3基团呈紧密排列状态,因其表面能低,为整个材料提供了“雨伞式”保护,使其具有优异的防水性能。
选用无氟且机械性能优异的硅酮粉作为低表面能填充粒子,与聚苯硫醚在球磨的作用下相互混合,球磨期间还加入具有高活性多官能团的半胱氨酸,利用半胱氨酸的可自聚合特性,在聚苯硫醚树脂与硅酮粉填料之间的形成一个强有力的复合界面,使得它们之间的界面得到增强,同时可以构建出复合的粒子结构。
再加入可反应的表面活性剂进行改性,改性后形成多级孔复合结构的纳微米复合粒子,形成了纳微二元粗糙结构,这种结构从润湿性理论上具有更高的粗糙度丰富结构,有利于捕捉和储存更多的微空气组分,有助于成功制备出具有超疏水性能的聚苯硫醚基复合涂层。
本发明无氟型聚苯硫醚超疏水涂层具有优良防腐耐磨性能的原理说明:
纳米片状粒子与纳米纤维在超声搅拌条件下,与表面活性剂进行表面接枝反应,反应聚集形成具有众多纳微二元粗糙结构的复合结构。
因为二元纳微结构是由具备纳微米多级结构的复合填料共同构筑的。微纳米级粒子之间相互穿插,互相形成位阻,减少摩擦破坏力,这种结构比单级结构表现出更好的耐磨性能。摩擦数据表明,与纯PPS涂层相比,具备这种结构的超疏水涂层的摩擦质量损失下降了四倍。同时在经历5000次摩擦测试后,涂层依然保持极高的疏水性,疏水角为140°左右。
与传统涂层相比,本发明的复合涂层不仅利用纳米片状粒子在聚合物基体中的均匀分布延长了腐蚀粒子的入侵路径,同时利用超疏水性能,在涂层表面形成一层气膜和憎水作用,有效地避免了腐蚀介质与涂层表面的直接接触,树脂憎水性可阻止腐蚀性离子的渗透,阻止水和氧气的渗透扩散,上述协同作用使得涂层的防腐效果获得极大的提高。
由于硅酮树脂自身低表面能和具有很好的减摩耐磨性,且纳米纤维与纳米片状粒子的复合效果,可以在整个聚合物基体中形成独特穿插网络结构,形成类似鸟巢结构,有效提高了涂层的微结构和机械稳定性。同时,此聚合物超疏涂层具有很好的耐高温性能,可以长期在320 ℃下使用,保持长期的疏水稳定性。
由于硅酮树脂与聚苯硫醚是在球磨的作用下相互混合,球磨期间还加入具有高活性多官能团的半胱氨酸,利用这种方法制备的复合树脂组分不仅具有很好的物理化学性能,还可以与无机填料表面官能团进行反应,增加涂层的机械性能。
本发明的有益效果:
1、本发明制备的超疏水聚苯硫醚基涂层具有高强度的表面多级结构,同时低表面能材料与基板的粘附性大大增强,且低表面能物质无氟无污染;
2、水滴在本发明制备的超疏水聚苯硫醚基涂层表面上的接触角可达到159-163°,因而本发明提供的超疏水聚苯硫醚基复合涂层具有很好的超疏水效果;
3、本发明制备的超疏水聚苯硫醚涂层具有极好的耐磨性能,在500 g载荷条件下利用1000目砂纸进行打磨5000转后仍能保持较高的疏水性,且摩擦性能与纯聚苯硫醚涂层相比还提高了四倍;
4、本发明制备的超疏水涂层在经过320 ℃高温炉中处理8 h后仍能保持超疏水性,说明超疏水涂层具有很高的热稳定性。
附图说明
图1是实施例1中水在无氟型聚苯硫醚超疏水涂层表面的静态接触角示意图。
图2是实施例1中所获最终涂层的表面形貌图。
具体实施方式
以下基于实施例对本发明进行描述,但是值得说明的是,本发明并不限于这些实施例。在下文对本发明的细节描述中,详尽描述了一些特定的细节部分。然而,对于没有详尽描述的部分,本领域技术人员也可以完全理解本发明。
同时,除非上下文明确要求,否则整个说明书和权利要求书中的“包括”、“包含”等类似词语应当解释为包含的含义而不是排他或穷举的含义;也就是说,是“包含但不限于”的含义。
实施例1
一、无氟型聚苯硫醚超疏水涂层制备
(1)金属基板表面预处理:
采用1000目砂纸对金属表面打磨除去其表面氧化膜后,放入95 %乙醇溶液中进行超声清洗,除其表面油脂、灰尘等杂质,取出并自然晾干,留作备用。
(2)涂料制备:
将90份聚苯硫醚和10份硅酮树脂以及1份半胱氨酸加入到300份乙醇中球磨5 h,记为悬浮液A;
将0.8份碳纳米管和0.2份石墨烯加入含有15份KH550与15份水的120 份乙醇溶液超声处理30 min后,室温条件下,磁力搅拌24 h;得到溶液B;
将A与B按照1:1比例混合,得到喷涂涂料C。
(3)涂层的制备:
将喷涂涂料C在80 ℃条件下进行三层喷涂,喷涂压强为0.8 Mpa,喷涂距离是20 cm;每层喷涂间隔30秒,厚度为30 µm;然后将喷涂的基板在320 ℃条件下煅烧30 min,自然降温冷却至室温,即得。
二、涂层性能测定:
①涂层的表面结构测试
对涂层的表面结构做电镜图,结果如图2所示:可以看出涂层表面具有很多纳微粗糙结构多孔结构,能够储存大量的气体,实现超疏水性能。
②超疏水性能:
用5 μL注射器滴一滴去离子水在实施例1所制得的超疏水聚苯硫醚涂层表面,采用JC2000A型静态疏水角测量仪进行测量,如图1所示:得到该涂层对水的接触角可达163°,滚动角为3°。
③耐磨性能:
用Taber磨耗试验机粘附1000目砂纸对实施例1的超疏水涂层进行摩擦实验,在载荷为500 g的条件下进行,经过1000转摩擦实验后,实施例1的聚苯硫醚涂层表面疏水角仍可保持在151°;经过5000转的摩擦实验后,实施例1的聚苯硫醚涂层表面有些许磨破的迹象,经过磨损后的表面疏水角仍可保持在139°。
④耐温性能:
聚苯硫醚超疏水涂层在320 ℃下加热8h后,涂层依然保持着超疏水性能,疏水角为160°。表明实施例1的聚苯硫醚涂层具有良好的耐热性能。
⑤防腐性能:
采用Autolab Pgatat100电化学工作站对复合涂层进行防腐性能测试,经过测试发现,在3.5 wt.% NaCl溶液中浸泡28天后,与纯铝板的腐蚀电势-888.7 mV相比,涂覆涂层的铝板为-725.84 mV,且腐蚀电流密度下降了近三个数量级。表明实施例1的聚苯硫醚涂层具有很好的防腐性能。
实施例2:
一、聚苯硫醚涂层制备
(1)金属基板表面预处理:
采用1000目砂纸对钢板表面进行除锈处理后放入80 % 乙醇溶液中进行超声清洗,除其表面油脂、灰尘等杂质,取出并自然晾干,留作备用。
(2)涂料制备:
将70份聚苯硫醚和30份硅酮树脂以及3份半胱氨酸加入到200份乙醇中球磨5 h,为悬浮液A;
将3份碳纤维和0.1份云母粉加入含有20份KH560与20份水的110 份乙醇溶液超声处理30 min后,室温条件下,磁力搅拌24 h,得到溶液B;
将A与B按照1:1比例混合,得到喷涂涂料C。
(3)聚苯硫醚涂层的制备:
将喷涂涂料C在80 ℃条件下进行三层喷涂,喷涂压强为0.8 Mpa,喷涂距离是20 cm;每层喷涂间隔30秒,厚度为30 µm;然后将喷涂的基板在320 ℃条件下煅烧30 min,自然降温冷却至室温,即制得聚苯硫醚基超疏水涂层。
二、涂层性能测定:
①超疏水性能:
用5 μL注射器滴一滴去离子水在实施例2所制得的超疏水聚苯硫醚涂层表面,采用JC2000A型静态疏水角测量仪进行测量得到该涂层对水的接触角可达156°,滚动角为9°。
②耐磨性能:
用Taber磨耗试验机粘附1000目砂纸对实施例2的超疏水涂层进行摩擦实验,在载荷为500 g的条件下进行,经过1000转摩擦实验后,实施例2的聚苯硫醚涂层表面疏水角仍可保持在153°;经过5000转的摩擦实验后,实施例2的聚苯硫醚涂层表面些许磨破的迹象,经过磨损后的表面疏水角仍可保持在141°。
③耐温性能:
聚苯硫醚超疏水涂层在320 ℃下加热8h后,涂层依然保持着超疏水性能,疏水角为160°。表明实施例2的聚苯硫醚涂层具有良好的耐热性能。
④防腐性能:
采用Autolab Pgatat100电化学工作站对复合涂层进行防腐性能测试,经过测试发现,在3.5 wt.% NaCl溶液中浸泡28天后,与纯铝板的腐蚀电势-868.7 mV相比,涂覆涂层的铝板为-745.84 mV,且腐蚀电流密度下降了近三个数量级。表明实施例2的聚苯硫醚涂层具有很好的防腐性能。
实施例3:
一、聚苯硫醚涂层制备
(1)金属基板表面预处理:
采用喷砂技术和化学刻蚀对钢板表面进行除锈处理后放入80 %乙醇溶液中进行超声清洗,除其表面油脂、灰尘等杂质,取出并自然晾干,留作备用。
(2)涂料制备:
将87份聚苯硫醚和5份硅酮树脂以及0.1份半胱氨酸加入到300份乙醇中球磨5 h,为悬浮液A;
将0.5份碳化硅晶须、1份二硫化钼、5份石墨烯加入含有20份多半胱氨酸溶液与20份水的110 份乙醇溶液超声处理30 min后,室温条件下,磁力搅拌24 h;得到溶液B;
将A与B按照1:1比例混合,得到喷涂涂料C。
(3)聚苯硫醚涂层的制备:
将喷涂涂料C在80 ℃条件下进行三层喷涂,喷涂压强为0.75 Mpa,喷涂距离是15 cm;每层喷涂间隔30秒,厚度为30 µm;随后将喷涂的基板在320 ℃条件下煅烧40 min,自然降温冷却至室温,即制得聚苯硫醚基超疏水涂层。
二、涂层性能测定:
①超疏水性能:
用5 μL注射器滴一滴去离子水在实施例3所制得的超疏水聚苯硫醚涂层表面,采用JC2000A型静态疏水角测量仪进行测量得到该涂层对水的接触角可达156°,滚动角为9°。
②耐磨性能:
用Taber磨耗试验机粘附1000目砂纸对实施例3的超疏水涂层进行摩擦实验,在载荷为500 g的条件下进行,经过1000转摩擦实验后,实施例3的聚苯硫醚涂层表面疏水角仍可保持在151°;经过5000转的摩擦实验后,实施例3的聚苯硫醚涂层表面些许磨破的迹象,经过磨损后的表面疏水角仍可保持在140°。
③耐温性能:
聚苯硫醚超疏水涂层在320 ℃下加热8 h后,涂层依然保持着超疏水性能,疏水角为160°。表明实施例3的聚苯硫醚涂层具有良好的耐热性能。
④防腐性能:
采用Autolab Pgatat100电化学工作站对复合涂层进行防腐性能测试,经过测试发现,在3.5 wt.% NaCl溶液中浸泡28天后,与纯铝板的腐蚀电势-888.7 mV相比,涂覆涂层的铝板为-715.83 mV,且腐蚀电流密度下降了近四个数量级。表明实施例3的聚苯硫醚涂层具有很好的防腐性能。
以上所述实施例仅为表达本发明的实施方式,其描述较为具体和详细,但并不能因此而理解为对本发明专利范围的限制。应当指出的是,对本领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明构思的前提下,还可以做出若干变形、同等替换、改进等,这些都属于本发明的保护范围。因此,本发明专利的保护范围应以所附权利要求为准。
Claims (9)
1.一种无氟型聚苯硫醚超疏水涂层,其特征在于,所述涂层由以下重量分数比的原料制成:
聚苯硫醚树脂:70-95份,
硅酮树脂:5-30份,
纳米片状粒子:0.1-10份,
纳米纤维:0.5-10份,
半胱氨酸:0.1-3份,
乙醇:200-500份,
水:10-30份,
表面活性剂:10-30份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种无氟型聚苯硫醚超疏水涂层,其特征在于:
所述纳米片状粒子,是石墨烯、云母粉、二硫化钼或玻璃鳞片中的一种或几种。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种无氟型聚苯硫醚超疏水涂层,其特征在于:
所述纳米纤维,是碳纳米管、碳纳米纤维、钛纳米线、硅纳米线、氧化锌纳米线,钛酸钾晶须或碳化硅晶须中的一种或几种。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种无氟型聚苯硫醚超疏水涂层,其特征在于:
所述表面活性剂,是多巴胺、γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷、3―缩水甘油醚氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷中的一种或几种。
5.一种无氟型聚苯硫醚超疏水涂层的制备方法,其特征在于,包括:
(1)将聚苯硫醚、硅酮树脂与半胱氨酸在乙醇中球磨,得到悬浊液A;
(2)将纳米片状粒子、纳米纤维、表面活性剂、乙醇及水混合均匀,得到溶液B;
(3)取相同重量的所述悬浊液A与所述溶液B,将二者混合均匀得到涂料C;
(4)将所述涂料C喷涂并经过250 ℃-400 ℃煅烧10-90分钟后,自然降温得到所述无氟型聚苯硫醚超疏水涂层。
6.根据权利要求5所述的一种无氟型聚苯硫醚超疏水涂层的制备方法,其特征在于:
所述步骤(1)中,所述球磨时间为1-20 h。
7.根据权利要求5所述的一种无氟型聚苯硫醚超疏水涂层的制备方法,其特征在于:
所述步骤(2)中,所述混合采用先超声处理后磁力搅拌的方式,所述混合时间为1-36h。
8.根据权利要求5所述的一种无氟型聚苯硫醚超疏水涂层的制备方法,其特征在于:
所述步骤(3)中,所述混合采用先超声处理后磁力搅拌的方式,所述混合时间为1-2 h。
9.根据权利要求5所述的一种无氟型聚苯硫醚超疏水涂层的制备方法,其特征在于:
所述步骤(4)中,所述喷涂温度为20℃-320 ℃,所述喷涂层间间隔为120-180秒。
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HUAIYUAN WANG等: "Heat/durability resistance of the superhydrophobic PPS-based coatings prepared by spraying non-fluorinated polymer solution", 《COLLOID AND POLYMER SCIENCE》 * |
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CN116355524A (zh) * | 2021-12-27 | 2023-06-30 | 中国科学院化学研究所 | 一种柔性超疏液涂层及其制备方法与应用 |
CN116355524B (zh) * | 2021-12-27 | 2024-05-17 | 中国科学院化学研究所 | 一种柔性超疏液涂层及其制备方法与应用 |
CN115260899A (zh) * | 2022-07-28 | 2022-11-01 | 广东美的白色家电技术创新中心有限公司 | 一种疏水涂料及其制备方法和应用 |
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