CN109334176B - Preparation method of electrostatic spinning PAN/bamboo charcoal powder nanofiber membrane filter material and product thereof - Google Patents
Preparation method of electrostatic spinning PAN/bamboo charcoal powder nanofiber membrane filter material and product thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN109334176B CN109334176B CN201811147064.9A CN201811147064A CN109334176B CN 109334176 B CN109334176 B CN 109334176B CN 201811147064 A CN201811147064 A CN 201811147064A CN 109334176 B CN109334176 B CN 109334176B
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- B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
- B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
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- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/12—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin next to a fibrous or filamentary layer
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- B32B37/00—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding
- B32B37/06—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the heating method
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B32B37/00—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding
- B32B37/10—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the pressing technique, e.g. using action of vacuum or fluid pressure
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B32B37/00—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding
- B32B37/12—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by using adhesives
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- B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
- B32B5/22—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed
- B32B5/24—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer
- B32B5/26—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer another layer next to it also being fibrous or filamentary
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- D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
- D01D1/00—Treatment of filament-forming or like material
- D01D1/02—Preparation of spinning solutions
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
- D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
- D01D5/0007—Electro-spinning
- D01D5/0061—Electro-spinning characterised by the electro-spinning apparatus
- D01D5/0069—Electro-spinning characterised by the electro-spinning apparatus characterised by the spinning section, e.g. capillary tube, protrusion or pin
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
- D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
- D01D5/0007—Electro-spinning
- D01D5/0061—Electro-spinning characterised by the electro-spinning apparatus
- D01D5/0092—Electro-spinning characterised by the electro-spinning apparatus characterised by the electrical field, e.g. combined with a magnetic fields, using biased or alternating fields
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
- D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
- D04H1/42—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
- D04H1/4282—Addition polymers
- D04H1/43—Acrylonitrile series
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- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
- D04H1/70—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of fibres
- D04H1/72—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of fibres the fibres being randomly arranged
- D04H1/728—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of fibres the fibres being randomly arranged by electro-spinning
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- B32B2250/00—Layers arrangement
- B32B2250/20—All layers being fibrous or filamentary
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
- B32B2262/02—Synthetic macromolecular fibres
- B32B2262/0223—Vinyl resin fibres
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- B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
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Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method of electrostatic spinning PAN/bamboo charcoal powder nanofiber membrane filter material and a product thereof, which comprises the steps of preparing polyacrylonitrile solution; preparing polyacrylonitrile bamboo charcoal solution; electrostatic spinning; preparing a nanofiber membrane filter material: preparing a filter material consisting of a multi-layer structure of polypropylene non-woven fabrics, polyacrylonitrile nano-fiber membranes, bamboo charcoal-containing polyacrylonitrile nano-fiber membranes, polyacrylonitrile nano-fiber membranes and polypropylene non-woven fabrics. The nanofiber filter material prepared by the method disclosed by the invention is small in fiber fineness, has the characteristics of low resistance, high flow, low penetration and high filtering efficiency, and meets the performance of the filter material pursued at present.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of nanofiber membranes, and particularly relates to a preparation method of an electrostatic spinning PAN/bamboo charcoal powder nanofiber membrane filter material and a product thereof.
Background
With the continuous improvement of living standard, people have higher and higher requirements on the air quality of the living environment. In addition, the air quality requirements of the operating room, the high-precision electronic instrument room and other places of the hospital are more strict. The fine particles may carry a large amount of bacteria, viruses and organic pollutants, which have a great influence on the health of the human body and the accuracy of the instrumental measurements. The existing indoor air-conditioning filter element can continuously deposit particles on filter materials along with the extension of working time in the using process, so that the resistance pressure drop of the filter element is rapidly increased, the service life and the filtering performance of the air-conditioning filter element are reduced, and the air quality of the interior of locomotives such as automobiles, trains and the like and other indoor spaces is further influenced.
In the field of high-efficiency air filtration, the ash removal period of the filter material is long, so that the filter material is required to have high efficiency and large dust holding capacity.
Therefore, how to prepare a filter material with high filtration efficiency, strong dust holding capacity, high flow and low resistance is a technical problem to be solved in the field.
Disclosure of Invention
This section is for the purpose of summarizing some aspects of embodiments of the invention and to briefly introduce some preferred embodiments. In this section, as well as in the abstract and the title of the invention of this application, simplifications or omissions may be made to avoid obscuring the purpose of the section, the abstract and the title, and such simplifications or omissions are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned technical drawbacks.
Therefore, as one aspect of the invention, the invention overcomes the defects in the prior art and provides a preparation method of the electrostatic spinning PAN/bamboo charcoal powder nanofiber membrane filter material.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a preparation method of electrostatic spinning PAN/bamboo charcoal powder nanofiber membrane filter material comprises the following steps,
preparing a polyacrylonitrile solution: dissolving polyacrylonitrile in N, N-dimethylformamide to prepare a polyacrylonitrile solution;
preparing a polyacrylonitrile bamboo charcoal solution: adding bamboo charcoal powder into the polyacrylonitrile solution, and stirring to prepare a polyacrylonitrile bamboo charcoal solution;
electrostatic spinning: preparing the polyacrylonitrile solution into a polyacrylonitrile nanofiber membrane and preparing the polyacrylonitrile bamboo charcoal solution into a polyacrylonitrile nanofiber membrane containing bamboo charcoal by adopting an electrostatic spinning mode;
preparing a nanofiber membrane filter material: preparing a filter material consisting of a multi-layer structure of polypropylene non-woven fabrics, polyacrylonitrile nano-fiber membranes, bamboo charcoal-containing polyacrylonitrile nano-fiber membranes, polyacrylonitrile nano-fiber membranes and polypropylene non-woven fabrics.
As a preferred scheme of the preparation method of the electrostatic spinning PAN/bamboo charcoal powder nanofiber membrane filter material provided by the invention: the preparation of the polyacrylonitrile solution comprises the steps of adding 6g of polyacrylonitrile powder into 44ml of N, N-dimethylformamide solvent, heating and stirring for 60min until the polyacrylonitrile powder is completely dissolved, and naturally cooling for 2h at room temperature.
As a preferred scheme of the preparation method of the electrostatic spinning PAN/bamboo charcoal powder nanofiber membrane filter material provided by the invention: the preparation of the polyacrylonitrile bamboo charcoal solution is characterized in that: the preparation method comprises the steps of adding 0.15-1 g of bamboo charcoal powder into the polyacrylonitrile solution, and stirring for 3 hours on a magnetic stirrer to prepare the polyacrylonitrile bamboo charcoal solution.
As a preferred scheme of the preparation method of the electrostatic spinning PAN/bamboo charcoal powder nanofiber membrane filter material provided by the invention: the positive pressure of the electrostatic spinning is 15KV, the negative pressure is 5KV, the receiving distance is 30cm, and the liquid feeding amount is 0.588 ml/h.
As a preferred scheme of the preparation method of the electrostatic spinning PAN/bamboo charcoal powder nanofiber membrane filter material provided by the invention: and the total spinning time of the electrostatic spinning is 60 min.
As a preferred scheme of the preparation method of the electrostatic spinning PAN/bamboo charcoal powder nanofiber membrane filter material provided by the invention: the specifications of the electrostatic spinning needle head are 0.41mm in inner diameter, 0.71mm in outer diameter and 6.5mm in length.
As a preferred scheme of the preparation method of the electrostatic spinning PAN/bamboo charcoal powder nanofiber membrane filter material provided by the invention: the preparation of the nanofiber membrane filtering material comprises the step of preparing the nanofiber membrane filtering material by using hot-pressing adhesion, wherein the hot-pressing adhesion is carried out by adopting a flat vulcanizing machine, the pressure is set to be 10MPa, and the temperature is set to be 228-230 ℃.
As a preferred scheme of the preparation method of the electrostatic spinning PAN/bamboo charcoal powder nanofiber membrane filter material provided by the invention: the polyacrylonitrile bamboo charcoal solution is prepared into a polyacrylonitrile nano-fiber membrane containing bamboo charcoal, wherein the polyacrylonitrile bamboo charcoal solution is prepared by adding 1g of bamboo charcoal powder into the polyacrylonitrile solution.
As another aspect of the invention, the invention overcomes the defects in the prior art and provides the electrostatic spinning PAN/bamboo charcoal powder nanofiber membrane filter material prepared by the preparation method.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides the following technical scheme: the electrostatic spinning PAN/bamboo charcoal powder nanofiber membrane filter material prepared by the preparation method comprises the following steps: the flow rate of the nanofiber membrane filtering material reaches 84.6L/min, the resistance is 1297.6Pa, and the filtering efficiency exceeds 99%.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the nanometer filter material with the structure of the PP non-woven fabric, the PAN nanofiber membrane containing 1g of bamboo charcoal, the PAN nanofiber membrane and the PP non-woven fabric, which is prepared by the invention, has small fiber fineness, and simultaneously has the characteristics of low resistance, high flow, low penetration and high filtering efficiency, and meets the performance of the filter material pursued at present.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on these drawings without inventive exercise. Wherein:
FIG. 1 is a microscopic view of samples sprayed with different contents of bamboo charcoal powder.
Detailed Description
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with examples are described in detail below.
In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention, but the present invention may be practiced in other ways than those specifically described and will be readily apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and therefore the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.
Furthermore, reference herein to "one embodiment" or "an embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one implementation of the invention. The appearances of the phrase "in one embodiment" in various places in the specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment, nor are separate or alternative embodiments mutually exclusive of other embodiments.
Example 1:
preparing a solution: firstly, 44ml of DMF (density of 0.945-950g/ml) solvent is measured and placed in a beaker, 6g of Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) powder is added into the solvent, the beaker is placed on an electric stirrer and stirred by a glass rod, the mixture is heated for 60min until the Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) powder is completely dissolved, then the beaker is naturally cooled for 2h at the room temperature of 20 ℃ and then taken out for standby application, and the solution after stirring is colorless and transparent;
respectively adding bamboo charcoal powder 0g, bamboo charcoal powder 0.15g, bamboo charcoal powder 0.5g, bamboo charcoal powder 1g with different contents to prepare PAN bamboo charcoal solution, and stirring for 3 hours on a magnetic stirrer;
electrostatic spinning: using an electrostatic spinning machine SH-01, the specification of an electrostatic spinning needle head: selecting the inner diameter of 0.41mm, the outer diameter of 0.71mm and the length of 6.5mm, spraying the prepared solution to PP melt-blown non-woven fabrics at the positive pressure of 15KV, the negative pressure of 5KV, the receiving distance of 30cm and the feeding amount of 0.588ml/h, and respectively preparing pure PAN nanofiber membranes, PAN nanofiber membranes containing 0.15g of bamboo charcoal, PAN nanofiber membranes containing 0.5g of bamboo charcoal and PAN nanofiber membranes containing 1.0g of bamboo charcoal.
The fiber morphology observed under the microscope was recorded, and the samples were observed under the SEM scanning electron microscope, and as shown in FIG. 1, FIG. 1 shows the micro-images and the samples sprayed with different amounts of bamboo charcoal powder.
The fineness of PAN nanofibers with different bamboo charcoal contents under SEM electron microscope with the same magnification is tested by IPP software, 100 data are tested in each SEM image to obtain an average value, and the test results are shown in Table 1:
TABLE 1 PAN nanofiber fineness for different bamboo charcoal content
By analyzing the shape (figure 1) and fineness of the fiber under an SEM electron microscope, the fiber fineness of the PAN nano-fiber with different bamboo charcoal contents under the same magnification is tested, and the fiber fineness can be known from the test value and the shape: the fineness of the nanofiber sprayed by using the PAN solution with the bamboo charcoal content of 1g is fine and uniform, and the PAN solution with the bamboo charcoal content of 1g has the best conductivity and relatively large electric field force. The research of the invention finds that the fineness of the nano-fiber sprayed by the PAN solution with the bamboo charcoal content of 1g is finest. When the content of bamboo charcoal in the PAN solution is too high, the viscosity of the PAN solution is too high, which is one of important factors influencing spinning, and the quality of the sprayed non-woven fabric is directly related to the viscosity, so that the proper viscosity of the PAN solution is necessary to be maintained.
Example 2:
preparing a polyacrylonitrile solution: firstly, 44ml of DMF (N, N-dimethylformamide with the density of 0.945-950g/ml) solvent is measured and placed in a beaker, 6g of Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) powder is added in the solvent, the beaker is placed on an electric stirrer and is stirred by a glass rod and heated for 60min until the Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) powder is completely dissolved, then the beaker is naturally cooled for 2h at the room temperature of 20 ℃ and is taken out for standby application, and the stirred solution is colorless and transparent;
adding 1g of bamboo charcoal powder to prepare PAN bamboo charcoal solution, and stirring for 3 hours on a magnetic stirrer;
electrostatic spinning: using an electrostatic spinning machine SH-01, the specification of an electrostatic spinning needle head: selecting the inner diameter of 0.41mm, the outer diameter of 0.71mm and the length of 6.5mm, spraying the prepared solution to PP melt-blown non-woven fabric with 1g of PAN bamboo charcoal solution under the conditions of positive pressure of 15KV, negative pressure of 5KV, receiving distance of 30cm and feeding amount of 0.588ml/h, and spinning for 20 minutes to prepare a PAN nanofiber membrane containing 1.0g of bamboo charcoal; preparing a PAN nano fiber membrane without adding bamboo charcoal powder under the condition that each layer of the PAN nano fiber membrane has the same spinning time for 20min in the same way;
preparing a nanofiber membrane filter material:
through hot-pressing adhesion, tightly adhering a PP non-woven fabric of 20cm multiplied by 20cm and an electrostatic spinning nanofiber membrane together to prepare a nano filter material, and preparing the nano filter material with a structure of PP non-woven fabric + PAN nanofiber membrane containing 1g of bamboo charcoal, and PP non-woven fabric hot-pressing adhesion, wherein the conditions of the non-woven fabric hot-pressing adhesion are as follows: and (3) a plate vulcanizing machine is used, the pressure is 10MPa, the temperature is 230 ℃, the electrostatic spinning time of each layer of fiber membrane is 20min, and the total electrostatic spinning time is 60 min.
Example 3:
preparing a solution: firstly, 44ml of DMF (N, N-dimethylformamide with the density of 0.945-950g/ml) solvent is measured and placed in a beaker, 6g of Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) powder is added in the solvent, the beaker is placed on an electric stirrer and is stirred by a glass rod and heated for 60min until the Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) powder is completely dissolved, then the beaker is naturally cooled for 2h at the room temperature of 20 ℃ and is taken out for standby application, and the stirred solution is colorless and transparent;
electrostatic spinning: using an electrostatic spinning machine SH-01, the specification of an electrostatic spinning needle head: selecting the inner diameter of 0.41mm, the outer diameter of 0.71mm and the length of 6.5mm, spraying the prepared solution to PP melt-blown non-woven fabric under the conditions that the positive pressure is 15KV, the negative pressure is 5KV, the receiving distance is 30cm and the liquid feeding amount is 0.588ml/h to prepare a PAN nano-fiber membrane, wherein the total electrostatic spinning time of the PAN nano-fiber membrane is 60 min;
preparing a nanofiber membrane filter material: through hot-pressing adhesion, closely adhering a PP non-woven fabric of 20cm multiplied by 20cm and an electrostatic spinning nanofiber membrane together to prepare a nano filter material, and preparing the nano filter material with a PP non-woven fabric + PAN nanofiber membrane + PP non-woven fabric structure, wherein the conditions of the hot-pressing adhesion of the non-woven fabric are as follows: a press vulcanizer was used under a pressure of 10MPa and a temperature of 230 ℃.
Example 4:
preparing a solution: firstly, 44ml of DMF (N, N-dimethylformamide with the density of 0.945-950g/ml) solvent is measured and placed in a beaker, 6g of Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) powder is added in the solvent, the beaker is placed on an electric stirrer and is stirred by a glass rod and heated for 60min until the Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) powder is completely dissolved, then the beaker is naturally cooled for 2h at the room temperature of 20 ℃ and is taken out for standby application, and the stirred solution is colorless and transparent; adding 1g of bamboo charcoal powder to prepare PAN bamboo charcoal solution, and stirring for 3 hours on a magnetic stirrer;
electrostatic spinning: using an electrostatic spinning machine SH-01, the specification of an electrostatic spinning needle head: selecting the inner diameter of 0.41mm, the outer diameter of 0.71mm and the length of 6.5mm, spraying the prepared solution to PP melt-blown non-woven fabric at the positive pressure of 15KV, the negative pressure of 5KV, the receiving distance of 30cm and the feeding amount of 0.588ml/h to prepare a PAN nano-fiber membrane containing 1.0g of bamboo charcoal, wherein the total electrostatic spinning time of the PAN nano-fiber membrane containing 1.0g of bamboo charcoal is 60 min;
preparing a nanofiber membrane filter material: through hot-pressing adhesion, tightly adhering a PP non-woven fabric of 20cm multiplied by 20cm and an electrostatic spinning nanofiber membrane together to prepare a nano filter material, and preparing the nano filter material with a PP non-woven fabric structure, a PAN nanofiber membrane containing 1g of bamboo charcoal and a PP non-woven fabric structure, wherein the conditions of the hot-pressing adhesion of the non-woven fabric are as follows: a press vulcanizer was used at a pressure of 10MPa and a temperature of 228 ℃.
Example 5 (comparative example):
preparing a nanofiber membrane filter material: and (3) tightly bonding the PP non-woven fabric with the thickness of 20cm multiplied by 20cm and the electrostatic spinning nanofiber membrane together through hot-pressing bonding to prepare the nano filter material with the PP non-woven fabric + PP non-woven fabric structure.
Example 6:
the filtration performance of the nano filtration material prepared in the embodiment 2-5 is tested:
and (3) filtering method and calculation:
the equipment adopted for testing the filtering performance is American TSI 8130, the method is a sodium salt method, when dust-containing air flows through a tested filter material, the percentage of the aerosol concentration ratio before and after filtering is the transmittance of the tested filter material, the pressure difference is the filtering resistance of the tested filter material, and the calculation formula of the filtering efficiency is as follows:
η＝1-K
η -is the filtration efficiency of the tested filter material;
k is the transmittance of the filter material to be measured; the NaCl aerosol particles, having an average diameter of 0.26 μm, were infiltrated into the test specimen at a filtration rate of 5m/min, the working area of the test specimen being 15cm by 15 cm.
Results of filtration performance testing:
the filtration performance of the nano-filtration material prepared in examples 2 to 5 was measured and shown in Table 2.
TABLE 2 filtration Performance test of the nanofiltration Material obtained in examples 2 to 5
As can be seen from table 2, compared with the control group of example 5, the filtration efficiency is significantly improved after the electrospun nanofibers are sprayed on the melt-blown nonwoven fabric in examples 2 to 4, and the research of the invention finds that: the smaller the fiber fineness of the filter material, the significantly improved filtration efficiency and the improved dust holding capacity, and the reason why the filter material prepared by using the PAN nanofiber membrane containing 1g of bamboo charcoal in example 4 significantly increases the filtration flow and significantly reduces the resistance compared to the filter material without adding bamboo charcoal in example 3 is analyzed because bamboo charcoal has a special support structure inside the filter material and the unique support structure increases the space of the filter material, thereby increasing the dust holding capacity of the filter material, and further increasing the flow and reducing the resistance when fluid passes through the nonwoven fabric, however, the penetration rate of the filter material prepared by adding 1g of bamboo charcoal to the PAN nanofiber membrane in example 4 is increased and the filtration efficiency is reduced compared to example 3 in example 4, and a certain gap may exist between the support structures of bamboo charcoal inside, so that the filtering efficiency of the nano-fiber filtering material added with bamboo charcoal is reduced. The nanofiber filter material prepared in the embodiment 2 has the characteristics of low resistance, high flow, low penetration and high filtering efficiency, and meets the performance of the filter material pursued at present.
It should be noted that the above-mentioned embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and not for limiting, and although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications or equivalent substitutions may be made on the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, which should be covered by the claims of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. A preparation method of electrostatic spinning PAN/bamboo charcoal powder nanofiber membrane filter material is characterized by comprising the following steps: comprises the steps of (a) preparing a mixture of a plurality of raw materials,
preparing a polyacrylonitrile solution: dissolving polyacrylonitrile in N, N-dimethylformamide to prepare a polyacrylonitrile solution; preparing a polyacrylonitrile bamboo charcoal solution: adding bamboo charcoal powder into the polyacrylonitrile solution, and stirring to prepare a polyacrylonitrile bamboo charcoal solution; electrostatic spinning: preparing the polyacrylonitrile solution into a polyacrylonitrile nanofiber membrane and preparing the polyacrylonitrile bamboo charcoal solution into a polyacrylonitrile nanofiber membrane containing bamboo charcoal by adopting an electrostatic spinning mode; preparing a nanofiber membrane filter material: preparing a filter material consisting of a multi-layer structure of polypropylene non-woven fabric, a polyacrylonitrile nano-fiber membrane, a bamboo charcoal-containing polyacrylonitrile nano-fiber membrane, a polyacrylonitrile nano-fiber membrane and polypropylene non-woven fabric;
the preparation of the polyacrylonitrile solution comprises the steps of adding 6g of polyacrylonitrile powder into 44ml of N, N-dimethylformamide solvent, heating and stirring for 60min until the polyacrylonitrile powder is completely dissolved, and naturally cooling for 2h at room temperature;
the preparation of the polyacrylonitrile bamboo charcoal solution comprises the steps of adding 1g of bamboo charcoal powder into the polyacrylonitrile solution, and stirring for 3 hours on a magnetic stirrer to prepare the polyacrylonitrile bamboo charcoal solution;
the positive pressure of the electrostatic spinning is 15KV, the negative pressure is 5KV, the receiving distance is 30cm, and the feeding amount is 0.588 ml/h;
the total spinning time of the electrostatic spinning is 60 min;
in the electrostatic spinning, the specifications of an electrostatic spinning needle head are 0.41mm in inner diameter, 0.71mm in outer diameter and 6.5mm in length;
the preparation of the nanofiber membrane filtering material comprises the step of preparing the nanofiber membrane filtering material by using hot-pressing adhesion, wherein the hot-pressing adhesion is carried out by adopting a flat vulcanizing machine, the pressure is set to be 10MPa, and the temperature is set to be 228-230 ℃.
2. The electrostatic spinning PAN/bamboo charcoal powder nanofiber membrane filter material prepared by the preparation method of claim 1 is characterized in that: the flow rate of the nanofiber membrane filtering material reaches 84.6L/min, the resistance is 1297.6Pa, and the filtering efficiency exceeds 99%.
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