CN105803678A - Nanofiber membrane capable of filtering out impurities and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Nanofiber membrane capable of filtering out impurities and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN105803678A CN105803678A CN201610238932.9A CN201610238932A CN105803678A CN 105803678 A CN105803678 A CN 105803678A CN 201610238932 A CN201610238932 A CN 201610238932A CN 105803678 A CN105803678 A CN 105803678A
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- fibrous membrane
- nano fibrous
- electrostatic spinning
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Classifications
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
- D04H1/70—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of fibres
- D04H1/72—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of fibres the fibres being randomly arranged
- D04H1/728—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of fibres the fibres being randomly arranged by electro-spinning
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
- D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
- D01D5/0007—Electro-spinning
- D01D5/0015—Electro-spinning characterised by the initial state of the material
- D01D5/003—Electro-spinning characterised by the initial state of the material the material being a polymer solution or dispersion
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
- D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
- D04H1/42—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
- D04H1/4282—Addition polymers
- D04H1/43—Acrylonitrile series
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Filtering Materials (AREA)
- Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a nanofiber membrane capable of filtering out impurities. The nanofiber membrane comprises a substrate and a nanofiber layer located on the receiving substrate; the diameter of the nanofiber layer ranges from 100 nm to 1000 nm, and the gram weight is 1-15 g/m<2>; the nanofiber layer is made of a high-molecular polymer material. In addition, the invention further discloses a preparation method of the nanofiber membrane, wherein a needle electrostatic spinning or linear electrostatic spinning or helical blade electrostatic spinning technology is adopted, electrostatic spinning process parameters and environmental conditions are adjusted, and the nanofiber membrane which filters out impurities in air and water efficiently can be prepared efficiently. Furthermore, the invention discloses application of the nanofiber membrane to air filtering products and water filtering products. The nanofiber membrane has the filtering efficiency of as high as 90% or above when used for filtering particles in air, air resistance is only 30-60 Pa, and the nanofiber membrane has the advantages of being high in flux and high in retention rate for pollution sources such as waste water.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of nano fibrous membrane, particularly relate to a kind of can be with the nano fibrous membrane of impurity screening, for air and water
The filtration of middle particulate matter.Moreover, it relates to the preparation method and application of this nano fibrous membrane.
Background technology
Containing molten in the dust in the impurity, such as air such as various particulate matters, float, PM2.5, PM10, water in air or water
Solve thing etc., be required for using membrane filtration.PM2.5 refers to that in surrounding air, aerodynamic equivalent diameter is less than or equal to 2.5 microns
Particulate matter, compared to bigger particulate matter, it is little that PM2.5 has particle diameter, and area is big, and activity is strong, the most subsidiary poisonous, harmful
Material (such as, heavy metal, microorganism etc.), and time of staying length in an atmosphere, fed distance are remote, thus to health
Impact with atmosphere quality is bigger.At present, PM2.5 has become as and jeopardizes the big hidden danger that China mankind are healthy and safe, especially
It is along with industrial development, pollutant wantonly discharge the harm exacerbating PM2.5 especially.Therefore, PM2.5 filter membrane tool is produced
Significant.
Traditional air filting material mainly has meltblown fibers, glass fibre and spun-bonded fibre.Conventional filter material is fine by micron order
Dimension composition, fibre diameter is big, and filter efficiency is low, is not suitable for the filtration of PM2.5.In order to solve this problem, increasingly
Many products about exploitation preventing and treating PM2.5 are come out one after another, and announce PM2.5 mask (Chinese Patent Application No. the most at present
2014103399757) application for a patent for invention, is to utilize anion plate to the absorption of PM2.5 granule to realize filtering function,
Its structure is complicated, and relatively costly, is unfavorable for the marketization.Additionally, a kind of PM2.5 mask that purifies announced at present is with replaceable
Overlay film filter element and preparation method thereof (Chinese invention patent application number: 2013101542402), it utilizes microporous teflon membran
As main filtration layer, although the filter efficiency of 99.97% can be reached, but its filtration resistance is about 150Pa, air permeable
Property is bad, the application being unfavorable in mask, and polytetrafluoroethylmaterial material itself is the most stable, the most degradable, if one
The application of the air filtration of secondary property or mask product can bring secondary pollution due to its non-biodegradable.Method of electrostatic spinning is one
Kind prepare the technology of nano fibrous membrane because its nano fibrous membrane preparing gained to have fibre diameter little, specific surface area is big and long
The features such as footpath ratio is big, have good application prospect producing air filtration technical field, but due to conventional syringe needle Static Spinning
Silk nanofiber membrane porosity that is low due to production efficiency and that prepare is little so that it exists in air filtration products application and is difficult to
Industrialization and the drawback bad with air permeability.A kind of filtration announced at present uses nano fibrous membrane (Chinese invention patent Shen
Please number: 201410474748.5) be the mixing chloroformic solution by preparing polyacrylonitrile and polylactic acid, polypropylene and polyurethane
Mixing tetrahydrofuran solution, the mixing chloroformic solution of polymethacrylate resin and the Merlon electrostatic spinning that interlocks prepares three
The nanofiber layer that layer is different.Owing to the preparation of itself spinning solution is complex, goes out liquid speed simultaneously and be only 10-20 μ L/min/
Hole, so being unfavorable for industrialized production, and its filter efficiency only has 80-90%.
Clean water is the requirement of human lives.Water purification processes has become worldwide problem.Big to the process of large-sized civil water
Equipment, little to Domestic water purifier, it is all current a solution.Nano fibrous membrane can be used for water purification and filters, and need to expire
Foot high flux and the condition of high separating power, particularly to the particle suspensions that antibacterial and other harm person are healthy.
Summary of the invention
One of the technical problem to be solved in the present invention be to provide a kind of can be with the nano fibrous membrane of impurity screening, this nano fibrous membrane
Having the filter efficiency that air PM2.5 is up to more than 90%, air drag only has 30-60Pa, prepares material and has sun-resistant property,
Cheap feature.
The two of the technical problem to be solved in the present invention are to provide this can be with the preparation method of the nano fibrous membrane of impurity screening, its system
Preparation Method is simple, and fibre machinery stable performance, fiber not easy fracture, consume energy low and easy industrialized production.
The three of the technical problem to be solved in the present invention are to provide this can be with the application of the nano fibrous membrane of impurity screening.
For solve above-mentioned technical problem, in one aspect of the invention, it is provided that a kind of can be described with the nano fibrous membrane of impurity screening
Nano fibrous membrane include receive substrate and be positioned at reception suprabasil nanofiber layer;Described nanofiber layer a diameter of
100-1000nm, grammes per square metre is 1-15g/m2;Described nanofiber layer uses macromolecule polymer material.Described high molecular polymer
Material is the material being made up of the compound that relative molecular mass is higher, including rubber, plastics, fiber, coating, adhesive and
Polymer-based composite, as polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyvinyl butyral, POLYPROPYLENE GLYCOL, polypropylene, Polyetherimide,
Polyacrylonitrile, polylactic acid, polycaprolactone, polyurethane, polyethers sulfoxide, Kynoar, politef, polyvinyl alcohol etc..
As currently preferred technical scheme, described reception substrate is non-woven fabrics, wire netting, aluminium foil or filter paper.Described nonwoven
Cloth can be spunbond, acupuncture or melt spraying non-woven fabrics.
As currently preferred technical scheme, described nano fibrous membrane has air plankton PM2.5 is reached more than 90%
Filter efficiency, air drag is 30-60Pa.
In another aspect of this invention, it is provided that this can use syringe needle Static Spinning with the preparation method of the nano fibrous membrane of impurity screening
Silk, linear electrostatic spinning or helical blade electrostatic spinning technique, by regulation syringe needle electrostatic spinning, linear electrostatic spinning and spiral
Blade electrostatic spinning procedure parameter, prepares the composite nano fiber filter membrane having air plankton PM2.5 high efficiency filter, tool
Body step is as follows:
(1) configuration of spinning solution: by macromolecule polymer material heating for dissolving, stirring and dissolving in solvent, high molecular polymerization
Thing molecule is uniformly mixed into scattered homogeneous system by diffusion and solvent molecule, obtains the spinning that mass fraction is 1%-25% molten
Liquid;
(2) electrostatic spinning prepares nano fibrous membrane, described electrostatic spinning use syringe needle electrostatic spinning, linear electrostatic spinning or
Person's helical blade electrostatic spinning;
Described syringe needle electrostatic spinning process is: injected by the spinning solution in step (1) in reservoir, according to certain injection speed
Rate, spinning solution is extruded by syringe needle, and syringe needle is connected malleation, gives simultaneously and receives substrate and connect negative pressure, and by regulation voltage,
Regulation spray webbing steel wire, to receiving basal spacing and adjusting ambient temperature and humidity, prepares uniform nano fibrous membrane;
Described linear electrostatic spinning process is: injected by the spinning solution in step (1) in reservoir, according to certain injection speed
Rate, spinning solution is at the uniform velocity distributed in above linear steel wire by brush, steel wire is connected malleation, connects negative to reception substrate simultaneously
Pressure, and by regulation voltage, regulation spray webbing steel wire to receiving basal spacing and adjusting ambient temperature and humidity, prepare uniformly
Nano fibrous membrane;
Described helical blade electrostatic spinning process is: being poured in reservoir by the spinning solution in step (1), helical blade is pressed
Rotating according to certain speed and direction, spinning solution is spread evenly across blade by the rotation of impeller, impeller is connected malleation, with
Time give and receive substrate and connect negative pressure, by regulation voltage, regulation spinning head to receiving basal spacing and adjusting ambient humiture, make
For obtaining uniform nano fibrous membrane.
As currently preferred technical scheme, in step (1), one or more in following solvent of described solvent: water,
Dimethylformamide, hexafluoroisopropanol, acetone, chloroform, dichloromethane, trifluoroethanol.
As currently preferred technical scheme, in step (2), described syringe needle electrostatic spinning process, linear electrostatic spinning process
In the injection rate of spinning solution be 0.5ml/min-1.5ml/min, the impeller speed of rotation in described spiral electrostatic spinning is
0.1rpm-100rpm。
As currently preferred technical scheme, in step (2), described malleation is 10-50kv, and described negative pressure is 30-40kv.
As currently preferred technical scheme, the regulation voltage in described step (2) is the pressure reduction of regulation generating positive and negative voltage, or
It is to regulate single positive high voltage;The pressure reduction of described regulation generating positive and negative voltage is 10-100kv.
In another aspect of this invention, it is provided that this can be with the nano fibrous membrane of impurity screening at preparation air filtration product (such as mouth
Cover, air purifier, automobile filter screen, air compressor machine, compressor, vacuum pump, new blower fan, air conditioner filter element etc.) and water filtration product
Application in product (such as water purifier, wastewater treatment equipment etc.).
Compared to the prior art, the method have the advantages that the present invention pass through syringe needle electrostatic spinning, linear electrostatic spinning or
Helical blade method of electrostatic spinning prepare can with the nano fibrous membrane of impurity screening, this syringe needle electrostatic spinning, linear electrostatic spinning and
Helical blade electrospinning process is simple to operate, consume energy low and easy industrialized production;Additionally, the present invention uses industrial polypropylene
Nitrile, as raw material electrostatic spinning, prepares the sun-resistant property of material itself good, fibre machinery stable performance, fiber not easy fracture, and
Cheap, this make its application in disposable mask or other air filtration products and water filtration have the biggest before
Scape;This nano fibrous membrane has the filter efficiency that the particulate matter PM2.5 in air is up to more than 90%, and air drag only has
30-60Pa.And described composite nano fiber filter membrane can efficiently separate antibacterial and other particle suspensions in water, particularly relatively
Under the conditions of the film thickness of high request, it is possible to keep higher water flux, for polluter such as waste water, there is high flux and high rejection
Feature.This provides referential for the use in small low-voltage water filtering device.The nano fibrous membrane of the present invention is only by physics mistake
Filter purifies water, it is to avoid other pollutant secondaries enter drinking water.This nano fibrous membrane can as the fine filtering layer in mask,
The filter screen (air purifier, automobile filter screen, air compressor machine, compressor, vacuum pump, blower fan etc.) of air filter and Water warfare
Device filter membrane.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Under the conditions of Fig. 1 is the embodiment of the present invention 1, prepare the surface scan Electronic Speculum (SEM) of the polyacrylonitrile nanofiber film of gained
Figure, lower floor is at the bottom of nonwoven fabric base, and upper strata is polyacrylonitrile nanofiber layer.
Fig. 2 is the nanofiber layer of the embodiment of the present invention 4 surface scan Electronic Speculum (SEM) figure before and after degradation;Wherein,
Fig. 2 (A) is surface scan Electronic Speculum (SEM) figure before degradation;Fig. 2 (B) is the surface scan electricity after degradation
Mirror (SEM) figure.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the present invention is expanded on further.Should be understood that these embodiments be merely to illustrate the present invention and not
For limiting the scope of the present invention.In addition, it is to be understood that after having read the content that the present invention lectures, those skilled in the art can
To make various changes or modifications the present invention, these equivalent form of values fall within the application appended claims limited range equally.
Embodiment 1
Weigh the polyacrylonitrile that quality is 5g and be dissolved in 20ml dimethyl formamide solution that (obtaining mass fraction is 25% spin
Silk solution), after it is completely dissolved, inject in reservoir (fluid injection speed is 0.5ml/min), at syringe needle electrospinning device
Spinning end carries out electrostatic spinning plus the malleation of 50kv, receiving terminal plus the negative pressure of 40kv, and regulation generating positive and negative voltage pressure reduction is 90kv,
Regulation spray webbing syringe needle and the spacing received between substrate are 20cm, and adjusting ambient temperature and humidity are respectively 15 DEG C and 30%, with
Non-woven fabrics is for receiving substrate, and i.e. obtaining grammes per square metre is 3.82g/cm2Can be with the nano fibrous membrane of impurity screening.As it is shown in figure 1, be
The present embodiment prepares surface scan Electronic Speculum (SEM) figure of the polyacrylonitrile nanofiber film of gained, and from Fig. 1, we can
Go out this nano fibrous membrane and there is preferable nanofibrous structures, and analyze its average diameter and be about 780nm.
Embodiment 2
Weigh the Kynoar that quality is 15g to be dissolved in 150ml dimethylformamide and acetone mixed solution and (obtain quality
Mark is the spinning solution of 10%), after it is completely dissolved, inject in reservoir (fluid injection speed is 1.5ml/min), linearly
The spinning end of electrospinning device carries out electrostatic spinning plus the negative pressure of 35kv plus the malleation of 45kv, receiving terminal, regulates positive and negative
Voltage difference is 80kv, and regulation spray webbing steel wire and the spacing received between substrate are 40cm, and adjusting ambient temperature is with humidity respectively
Being 30 DEG C and 70%, with non-woven fabrics for receiving substrate, i.e. obtaining average diameter is 358nm, and grammes per square metre is 2.18g/cm2Permissible
The nano fibrous membrane of impurity screening.
Embodiment 3
Weigh the polycaprolactone that quality is 20g to be dissolved in 50ml trifluoroethanol solution and (obtain the spinning that mass fraction is 15% molten
Liquid), after it is completely dissolved, inject in reservoir (Screw rotation rate is 100rpp), at helical blade electrospinning device
Spinning end carry out electrostatic spinning plus the malleation of 10kv, receiving terminal plus the negative pressure of 40kv, regulation generating positive and negative voltage pressure reduction is 5
0kv, regulation spinning head and the spacing received between substrate are 30cm, and adjusting ambient temperature and humidity are respectively 20 DEG C and 50%,
With non-woven fabrics for receiving substrate, i.e. obtaining average diameter is 520nm, and grammes per square metre is 2.88g/cm2Can be with the Nanowire of impurity screening
Dimension film.
Table 1 be the nano fibrous membrane prepared under the conditions of embodiment 1, embodiment 2 and embodiment 3 air filter efficiency and
Air drag data, (test equipment is TSI8130)
The air filter efficiency of table 1 nano fibrous membrane and air drag data
Embodiment sample sequence number | Filter efficiency (%) | Air drag (Pa) |
1 | 98.183 | 52 |
2 | 92.441 | 31 |
3 | 97.793 | 45 |
Table 2 is the nano fibrous membrane emulsions wastewater process performance (behaviour of preparation under the conditions of embodiment 1, embodiment 2 and embodiment 3
Make pressure 0.7Mpa)
Embodiment 4
Taking the nano fibrous membrane in the embodiment 1 of quality about 0.1g, directly over 15cm, place gives uviol lamp (UVA-340)
Irradiate more than 5h, under the conditions of 37 DEG C, carry out degradation (with reference to standard GB/T/T 16422.3).After degradation with not
The material of degradation shoots scanning electron microscope respectively, observes its material fiber form.As can be seen from Figure 2 aging
Before and after test, this nanofiber all keeps preferable form and structure, may certify that this material has good sunlight resistance, is suitable for
In the mask being exposed under sunlight or the application of air filter unit.
Claims (11)
1. one kind can the nano fibrous membrane of impurity screening, it is characterised in that: described nano fibrous membrane includes receiving substrate and position
In receiving suprabasil nanofiber layer;A diameter of 100-1000nm of described nanofiber layer, grammes per square metre is 1-15g/m2;Described
Nanofiber layer uses macromolecule polymer material.
2. nano fibrous membrane as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that: described reception substrate is non-woven fabrics, wire netting, aluminum
Paper tinsel or filter paper.
3. nano fibrous membrane as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that: described nano fibrous membrane has air plankton
PM2.5 reaches the filter efficiency of more than 90%, and air drag is 30-60Pa.
4. nano fibrous membrane as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that: described macromolecule polymer material is by average molecular
The material that the compound that quality is higher is constituted, including rubber, plastics, fiber, coating, adhesive and polymer-based composite.
5. a kind of as described in claims any one of 1-4 can be with the preparation method of the nano fibrous membrane of impurity screening, and its feature exists
In, comprise the steps:
(1) configuration of spinning solution: by macromolecule polymer material heating for dissolving, stirring and dissolving in solvent, high molecular polymerization
Thing molecule is uniformly mixed into scattered homogeneous system by diffusion and solvent molecule, obtains the spinning that mass fraction is 1%-25% molten
Liquid;
(2) electrostatic spinning prepares nano fibrous membrane, described electrostatic spinning use syringe needle electrostatic spinning, linear electrostatic spinning or
Person's helical blade electrostatic spinning;
Described syringe needle electrostatic spinning process is: injected by the spinning solution in step (1) in reservoir, according to certain injection speed
Rate, spinning solution is extruded by syringe needle, and syringe needle is connected malleation, gives simultaneously and receives substrate and connect negative pressure, and by regulation voltage,
Regulation spray webbing steel wire, to receiving basal spacing and adjusting ambient temperature and humidity, prepares uniform nano fibrous membrane;
Described linear electrostatic spinning process is: injected by the spinning solution in step (1) in reservoir, according to certain injection speed
Rate, spinning solution is at the uniform velocity distributed in above linear steel wire by brush, steel wire is connected malleation, connects negative to reception substrate simultaneously
Pressure, and by regulation voltage, regulation spray webbing steel wire to receiving basal spacing and adjusting ambient temperature and humidity, prepare uniformly
Nano fibrous membrane;
Described helical blade electrostatic spinning process is: being poured in reservoir by the spinning solution in step (1), helical blade is pressed
Rotating according to certain speed and direction, spinning solution is spread evenly across blade by the rotation of impeller, impeller is connected malleation, with
Time give and receive substrate and connect negative pressure, by regulation voltage, regulation spinning head to receiving basal spacing and adjusting ambient humiture, make
For obtaining uniform nano fibrous membrane.
A kind of can be with the preparation method of the nano fibrous membrane of impurity screening, it is characterised in that: step
Suddenly in (1), one or more in the following solvent of described solvent: water, dimethylformamide, hexafluoroisopropanol, acetone,
Chloroform, dichloromethane, trifluoroethanol.
A kind of can be with the preparation method of the nano fibrous membrane of impurity screening, it is characterised in that: step
Suddenly, in (2), the injection rate of the spinning solution in described syringe needle electrostatic spinning process, linear electrostatic spinning process is
0.5ml/min-1.5ml/min, the impeller speed of rotation in described spiral electrostatic spinning is 0.1rpm-100rpm.
A kind of can be with the preparation method of the nano fibrous membrane of impurity screening, it is characterised in that: step
(2) in, described malleation is 10-50kv, and described negative pressure is 30-40kv.
A kind of can be with the preparation method of the nano fibrous membrane of impurity screening, it is characterised in that: institute
State the pressure reduction that the regulation voltage in step (2) is regulation generating positive and negative voltage, or regulate single positive high voltage;Described regulation is positive and negative
The pressure reduction of voltage is 10-100kv.
10. as described in any one of claim 1-4 a kind of can with the nano fibrous membrane of impurity screening preparation air filtration product
With the application in water filtration product.
11. apply as claimed in claim 10, it is characterised in that described air filtration product include mask, air purifier,
Automobile filter screen, air compressor machine, compressor, vacuum pump, new blower fan, air conditioner filter element, described water filtration product includes water purifier, useless
Water treatment facilities.
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