CN109329201A - Family domestic animal-meadow configuration technology is herded by a kind of family - Google Patents
Family domestic animal-meadow configuration technology is herded by a kind of family Download PDFInfo
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- CN109329201A CN109329201A CN201811090623.7A CN201811090623A CN109329201A CN 109329201 A CN109329201 A CN 109329201A CN 201811090623 A CN201811090623 A CN 201811090623A CN 109329201 A CN109329201 A CN 109329201A
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- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 238000009304 pastoral farming Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 121
- 230000001932 seasonal effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 89
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 claims abstract description 71
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 244000144980 herd Species 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 230000002503 metabolic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000004459 forage Substances 0.000 claims description 38
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 claims description 36
- 235000019750 Crude protein Nutrition 0.000 claims description 15
- 241001494479 Pecora Species 0.000 claims description 12
- 101100011509 Drosophila melanogaster Baldspot gene Proteins 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000029087 digestion Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000014121 butter Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000013372 meat Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000013336 milk Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000008267 milk Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 210000004080 milk Anatomy 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000474 nursing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019629 palatability Nutrition 0.000 claims 2
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000008092 positive effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 244000144977 poultry Species 0.000 description 6
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007850 degeneration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 2
- 108091064702 1 family Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000289702 Peramelidae Species 0.000 description 1
- 244000292697 Polygonum aviculare Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000006386 Polygonum aviculare Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000037213 diet Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000005911 diet Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000019621 digestibility Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004060 metabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000006286 nutrient intake Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000000243 photosynthetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New or modified breeds of animals
- A01K67/02—Breeding vertebrates
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G20/00—Cultivation of turf, lawn or the like; Apparatus or methods therefor
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Abstract
The present invention relates to one kind to herd family domestic animal-meadow configuration technology, the technology is with the animal number of seasonal grazing land, digestible protein animal number and metabolic energy animal number are objective function, using economic benefit and ecological benefits as maximum target, according to Li Bixi (Liebig) the least factor law, selecting meadow minimum animal number in Various Seasonal is restriction factor, using meadow maximum animal number as the Carrying of Adjusted Option, suitably increased according to the animal number and Various Seasonal grassland utilization mode actually herded, subtract the animal number for herding family, it is herded drylot feeding by pure natural multiple groups the value of the parameter is set with herding the Forage-Livestock Balance that combines, the value of every group of parameter constitutes a scheme in conjunction with the objective function, multiple scheme composition proposal collection, it calculates and obtains optimal solution set, the scheme of the selection one most beneficial for regional development As preferred plan.The technology has not only played the positive effect for adjusting grassland ecology, but also to push the development of animal husbandry to provide necessary support.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to agriculture fields, and in particular to family domestic animal-meadow configuration technology is herded by a kind of family.
Background technique
Grassland agriculture occupies an important position in China, is the column support type industry of grassland ecological, to drive this area warp
Ji development plays a crucial role.In recent years, the practical animal number on the grassland in many areas has been significantly larger than theoretical load
Poultry ability, this largely will cause destruction or degeneration to grassland.In addition, the grass as caused by grass poultry season imbalance
The main reason for ground irrational utilization is grassland degeneration.If do not considered seasonal variations, come based on forage grass total output merely true
Determine animal number, then cannot efficiently solve the generally existing seasonal meadow overload heavy grazing problem of China's grassland ecological.
Currently, the serious feeding of deficient or summer and autumn of winter-spring season there are summer and autumn forage grass plentifulness of China's grassland ecological
The careless deficient and phenomenon of winter-spring season plentifulness.Recovery data is the period of meadow system ecology most fragile, in recovery data
Between, it has just sprouted photosynthetic area after the seedling to turn green is searched for food and has reduced rapidly, seriously affected the growth and development in its later period, just
The herbage to turn green is not able to satisfy the demand of pasture stock, causes " spring is weary " phenomenon of pasture stock.This leads to the grass overgrazed
Ground occurs decline or degenerates, and productivity level is far below its productive potentialities.
Therefore, period of seedling establishment can be carried out to its meadow and not herded, to domestic animal-grass according to the different grassland types of family ranch
Ground system optimizes, reasonable disposition, further increases effective input to grass poultry ecosystem substance, mitigates natural grasslands
Bearing capacity makes full use of the advantage of artificial pasture high productivity, allows native grass that can not only play the positive of grassland ecology comprehensively
Effect, moreover it is possible to push the development of animal husbandry to provide necessary support.And then it is effectively relieved or thoroughly solves local winter and herd
Domestic animal lacks the situation of grass, promotes the sustainable use and benign cycle of Grassland ecosystems, makes Animal husbandry production operation by tradition
Empirical decision accomplishes that ecology, economical, societal benefits are all good into science decision.
Existing meadow configuration technology is concentrated mainly on " DSCC theory " quota grazing management model, grass poultry energy balance mould
Type and grassland plant communities distribute research aspect rationally, but existing Carrying Capacity of Grassland is mostly used domestic animal daily diet method and calculates, meter
Calculation mode is relatively coarse, cannot really reflect Alpine Grasslands Carrying.
Summary of the invention
Regarding to the issue above and the deficiencies in the prior art, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of families to herd family domestic animal-meadow
Configuration technology.It specifically includes a kind of family and herds family domestic animal-meadow configuration technology, comprising the following steps:
1. inputting parameter, objective function is determined；
2. determining constraint condition；
3. being arranged and solving scheme collection；
4. being arranged and solving scheme benefit；
5. determining preferred plan.
Further, the parameter that 1. step inputs includes that the grassland area S (f) of seasonal pasture, unit area are edible
Forage yield B (f), unit area meadow albumen output quantity P (f), unit area meadow metabolic energy output quantity M (f), meadow can benefit
With rate L (f) and herd number of days D (f), single sheep unit amount of dry matter E day by dayd, single sheep unit digestible protein amount P day by dayd、
Single sheep unit metabolisable energy M day by dayd；
The parameter is selected as 5 years or more the average value measured；
The objective function includes quantity animal number Q (f)=S (f) B (f) L (f)/(D (f) Ed)；
Digestible protein animal number DCP (f)=S (f) P (f) L (f)/(D (f) Pd)；
Metabolic energy animal number ME (f)=S (f) M (f) L (f)/(D (f) Md)。
Further, the step 2. in constraint condition be according to step 1. in input parameter and step 2. in
For objective function come what is determined, the constraint condition is that period of seedling establishment not herds (drylot feeding).
Further, the period of seedling establishment is by uncertain Effect of Natural Disaster；Period of seedling establishment, which is stopped, herds (drylot feeding) time as grass
Turn green 1 to 2 month of ground；The meadow period of seedling establishment is not herded, and carries out drylot feeding nursing to domestic animal.
Further, the uncertain natural calamity includes region, weather, hydro-thermal.
Further, the scheme collection of the step 3. is according to Li Bixi (Liebig) the least factor law, in different seasons
It is restriction factor that meadow minimum animal number is selected in selected parts, using meadow maximum animal number as the Carrying of Adjusted Option, according to
Family domestic animal is herded in animal number and Various Seasonal the grass increase and decrease actually herded, and herds that (period of seedling establishment is stopped with drylot feeding by pure natural
Herd) Forage-Livestock Balance that combines setting multiple groups the value of the parameter, the value of every group of parameter is in conjunction with the objective function and constraint item
Part constitutes a scheme, multiple scheme composition proposal collection, and the scheme collection includes:
(1) when DCP (f) is f seasonal grazing land maximum animal number, and Q (f) is f seasonal grazing land minimum animal number, difference X (f)
=DCP (f)-Q (f), the X (f)=Sf·Bf·L(f)/(Df·Ed), in order to meet X (f)=DCP (f)-Q (f), then in formula
Sf、Bf、DfMake corresponding adjustment, f seasonal grazing grassland area respectively adjusted, unit area edible forage yield and
Herd number of days；
The Adjusted Option is to increase f season Grazing grassland area；Or increase edible forage yield；Or adjustment is when herding
Between；
The increase f season Grazing grassland area can by the way that other seasonal grazing grassland areas are divided into f seasonal grazing,
The division mode is that Winter-Spring pasture part is divided into saeter or autumn pasture, and Winter-Spring pasture lacks part manually meadow
Instead of；
Approach with the having bald spot after-culture for increasing edible forage yield, Grass cover cover crop, after-culture good grass seed
Improve original pasture；
The approach of the adjustment grazing time has increase or shortens f seasonal grazing time or adjustment drylot feeding time；
(2) when DCP (f) is f seasonal grazing land maximum animal number, and ME (f) is f seasonal grazing land minimum animal number, difference X
(f)=DCP (f)-ME (f), the X (f)=Sf·Mf·L(f)/(Df·Ed), in order to meet X (f)=DCP (f)-ME (f),
The then S in formulaf、Mf、DfMake corresponding adjustment, f seasonal grazing grassland area respectively adjusted, the metabolism of unit area meadow
Output quantity and number of days can be herded；
The Adjusted Option is to increase f season Grazing grassland area；Or increase meadow metabolic energy output quantity；Or adjustment is herded
Time；
The increase f season Grazing grassland area can by the way that other seasonal grazing grassland areas are divided into f seasonal grazing,
The division mode is that Winter-Spring pasture part is divided into saeter or autumn pasture, and Winter-Spring pasture lacks part manually meadow
Instead of；
The approach for increasing meadow metabolic energy output quantity has after-culture good grass seed to improve natural meadow, and purchase digestion is agreeable to the taste
The good forage of property；
The approach of the adjustment grazing time has appropriate increase or shortens f seasonal grazing time or adjustment drylot feeding time；
(3) when Q (f) is f seasonal grazing land maximum animal number, and DCP (f) is f seasonal grazing land minimum animal number, difference X (f)
=Q (f)-DCP (f), the X (f)=Sf·Pf·L(f)/(Df·Pd), in order to meet X (f)=Q (f)-DCP (f), then in formula
Sf、Pf、DfMake corresponding adjustment, f seasonal grazing grassland area respectively adjusted, the output of unit area meadow crude protein
Measure and herd number of days；
The Adjusted Option is to increase f season Grazing grassland area；Or increase meadow crude protein output quantity；Or adjustment is herded
Time；
The increase f season Grazing grassland area can by the way that other seasonal grazing grassland areas are divided into f seasonal grazing,
The division mode is that Winter-Spring pasture part is divided into saeter or autumn pasture, and Winter-Spring pasture lacks part manually meadow
Instead of；
The approach for increasing meadow crude protein output quantity has oversowing good grass seed, buys the higher grass of crude protein
Material supplements high protein fine fodder；
The approach of the adjustment grazing time has increase or shortens the f seasonal grazing time, or the adjustment drylot feeding time；
(4) when Q (f) is f seasonal grazing land maximum animal number, and ME (f) is f seasonal grazing land minimum animal number, difference X (f)
=Q (f)-ME (f), the X (f)=Sf·Mf·L(f)/(Df·Md), in order to meet X (f)=Q (f)-ME (f), then in formula
Sf、Mf、DfMake corresponding adjustment, f seasonal grazing grassland area respectively adjusted, unit area meadow metabolic energy output quantity
With herd number of days；
The Adjusted Option is to increase f season Grazing grassland area；Or increase meadow metabolic energy output quantity；Or adjustment is herded
Time；
The increase f season Grazing grassland area can by the way that other seasonal grazing grassland areas are divided into f seasonal grazing,
The division mode is that Winter-Spring pasture part is divided into saeter or autumn pasture, and Winter-Spring pasture lacks part manually meadow
Instead of；
The approach for increasing meadow metabolic energy output quantity has after-culture good grass seed to improve natural meadow, and purchase digestion is agreeable to the taste
The good forage of property；
The approach of the adjustment grazing time has appropriate increase or shortens the f seasonal grazing time, or the adjustment drylot feeding time；
(5) when ME (f) is f seasonal grazing land maximum animal number, and Q (f) is f seasonal grazing land minimum animal number, difference X (f)
=ME (f)-Q (f), the X (f)=Sf·Bf·L(f)/(Df·Ed), in order to meet X (f)=ME (f)-Q (f), then in formula
Sf、Bf、DfMake corresponding adjustment, f seasonal grazing grassland area respectively adjusted, unit area edible forage yield and puts
Herd number of days；
The Adjusted Option is to increase f season Grazing grassland area；Or increase edible forage yield；Or adjustment is when herding
Between；
The increase f season Grazing grassland area can by the way that other seasonal grazing grassland areas are divided into f seasonal grazing,
The division mode is that Winter-Spring pasture part is divided into saeter or autumn pasture, and Winter-Spring pasture lacks part manually meadow
Instead of；
Approach with the having bald spot after-culture for increasing edible forage yield, Grass cover cover crop, after-culture good grass seed
Improve original pasture；
The approach of the adjustment grazing time has increase or shortens the f seasonal grazing time, or the adjustment drylot feeding time；
(6) when ME (f) is f seasonal grazing land maximum animal number, and DCP (f) is f seasonal grazing land minimum animal number, difference X
(f)=ME (f)-DCP (f), the X (f)=Sf·Pf·L(f)/(Df·Pd), in order to meet X (f)=ME (f)-DCP (f),
The then S in formulaf、Pf、DfMake corresponding adjustment, f seasonal grazing grassland area respectively adjusted, the thick egg in unit area meadow
White output quantity and herd number of days；
The Adjusted Option is to increase f season Grazing grassland area；Or increase meadow crude protein output quantity；Or adjustment is herded
Time；
The increase f season Grazing grassland area can by the way that other seasonal grazing grassland areas are divided into f seasonal grazing,
The division mode is that Winter-Spring pasture part is divided into saeter or autumn pasture, and Winter-Spring pasture lacks part manually meadow
Instead of；
The approach for increasing thick meadow albumen output quantity has oversowing good grass seed, buys the higher grass of crude protein
Material supplements high protein fine fodder；
The approach of the adjustment grazing time has increase or shortens the f seasonal grazing time, or the adjustment drylot feeding time.
Further, 4. the step is the benefit for being arranged and solving scheme, obtains the optimal solution set of each scheme；
The benefit of the scheme determines according to the following formula:
Fc(f)=Max (Em(f)+Eg(f))
F in formulac(f)、Em(f)、Eg(f) be respectively f season comprehensive benefit, economic benefit and ecological benefits；
The economic benefit Em(f) it is determined by following formula:
Em(f)=∑iR(i)·Y(i)-∑jC(j)
R (i) in formula, Y (i) are respectively the increment and unit price of i class product, and C (j) is the expense that j class product occurs；
The i indicates domestic animal, meat, milk, fur, butter；The j is represented by the expense of purchase forage grass, seed, transport
Take, the expense of preventing epidemic, artificial pasture harvesting expense；
The ecological benefits Eg(f) it is determined by following formula:
Eg(f)=∑ (A1+A2+A3+A4)
A1 in formula, A2, A3, A4 are respectively f season grassland utilization change rate, and edible forage utilizes change rate, and meadow carries poultry
Quantitative change rate and evil feelings change rate；
The A1, A2, A3, A4 are determined by following formula:
Meadow can utilize area using area and the preceding meadow of adjustment after Gb in formula, Ga are respectively adjusted；
Fb in formula, Fa are respectively the yield of unit area edible forage and the preceding unit area edible forage of adjustment after adjusting
Yield；
Sb in formula, Sa are respectively Carrying Capacity of Grassland and the preceding Carrying Capacity of Grassland of adjustment after adjusting；
Rb in formula, Ra are respectively meadow evil feelings occurring area and the preceding meadow evil feelings occurring area of adjustment after adjusting.
Further, 5. the step determines that preferred plan is according to the step optimal side that 4. middle scheme benefit calculation obtains
Case.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are:
1. the invention patent is based on period of seedling establishment Xiu Muxia family and herds family seasonal grazing land domestic animal-meadow allocation plan, period of seedling establishment
The harm that can reduce bandicoot is not herded, forage yield is improved, drylot feeding can reduce the nutrient consumption of domestic animal, and domestic animal is healthier；
2. the present invention is suitable for family ranch, while considering Grassland Herbage yield, herbage crude protein and energy level, with
And demand of the domestic animal to herbage, it configures more accurate；
3. the present invention considers the grazing season imbalance and regional imbalance problem for herding family or production unit, solves feeding
Careless region and season imbalance problem；
4. the present invention improves the economic benefit of herdsman and the ecological benefits on meadow, solve herders income increasing and ecological protection
Contradiction；
5. the present invention is combined by suitably increasing and decreasing domestic animal with improvement of natural pasture with artificial pasture drylot feeding, it both ensure that and herd
The interests at family also solve the problems, such as forage grass deficiency, and reduce the destruction to ecology of grassland.
Specific embodiment
The technical scheme in the embodiments of the invention will be clearly and completely described below, it is clear that described implementation
Example is only a part of the invention, rather than the whole invented.Based on the embodiments of the present invention, ordinary skill people
Member's every other embodiment obtained without making creative work, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Family domestic animal-meadow configuration technology is herded by a kind of family, comprising the following steps:
1. inputting parameter, objective function is determined；
2. determining constraint condition；
3. being arranged and solving scheme collection；
4. being arranged and solving scheme benefit；
5. determining preferred plan.
1. parameter that the step inputs includes the grassland area S (f) of seasonal pasture, unit area edible forage yield B
(f), unit area meadow albumen output quantity P (f), unit area meadow metabolic energy output quantity M (f), meadow availability L (f)
With herd number of days D (f), single sheep unit amount of dry matter E day by dayd, single sheep unit digestible protein amount P day by dayd, single sheep it is single
Position metabolisable energy M day by dayd；
The parameter is selected as 5 years or more the average value measured；
Family ranch meadow basic condition is shown in Table 1:
1 family ranch meadow basic condition of table
Single sheep unit amount of dry matter E day by daydIt is 1.8kg, single sheep unit digestible protein amount P day by daydIt is
0.0539kg, single sheep unit metabolisable energy M day by daydIt is 8.38MJ；Summer crude protein digestibility is
62.25%.
The objective function:
Quantity animal number Q (f)=S (f) B (f) L (f)/(D (f) Ed)
=1776*26.7*60%/(62*1.8)
=254.9；
Digestible protein animal number DCP (f)=S (f) P (f) L (f)/(D (f) Pd)
=140*26.7*60%*62.3%/(62*0.0539)
=418.1；
Metabolic energy animal number ME (f)=S (f) M (f) L (f)/(D (f) Md)
=9200*26.7*60%/(62*8.38)
=283.7；
The step 2. in constraint condition be according to step 1. in input parameter and step 2. in objective function
Come what is determined, the constraint condition is that period of seedling establishment not herds (drylot feeding).
The period of seedling establishment is by uncertain Effect of Natural Disaster；Period of seedling establishment not herds 1 to turn green for meadow (drylot feeding) time
To 2 months；The meadow period of seedling establishment is not herded, and carries out drylot feeding nursing to domestic animal.
The uncertain natural calamity includes region, weather, hydro-thermal.
The scheme collection of the step 3. is to select meadow in Various Seasonal according to Li Bixi (Liebig) the least factor law
Minimum animal number is restriction factor, using meadow maximum animal number as the Carrying of Adjusted Option, according to what is actually herded
Animal number and the increase and decrease of Various Seasonal grass herd family domestic animal, is combined by pure natural herd with drylot feeding (period of seedling establishment not herds)
Multiple groups the value of the parameter is arranged in Forage-Livestock Balance, and the value of every group of parameter constitutes a side in conjunction with the objective function and constraint condition
Case, multiple scheme composition proposal collection, the scheme collection include:
According to can be calculated,
DCP (f) is summer seasonal grazing land maximum animal number, when Q (f) is summer seasonal grazing land minimum animal number, difference X (f)=
DCP (f)-Q (f)=418.1-254.9=163.2, the X (f)=Sf·Bf·L(f)/(Df·Ed), in order to meet X (f)=
DCP (f)-Q (f), the then S in formulaf、Bf、DfMake corresponding adjustment.
The Adjusted Option is to increase saeter Grazing grassland area 17.1hm2；Or increase unit edible forage yield
1136.9kg/hm2；Or extend grazing time number of days 97 days；
The increase summer knotweed range allotment can be put by the way that other seasonal grazing grassland areas are divided into summer
It herds, the division mode is Winter-Spring pasture or autumn pasture part is divided into saeter, and Winter-Spring pasture lacks part manually
Meadow replaces；
Approach with the having bald spot after-culture for increasing edible forage yield, Grass cover cover crop, after-culture good grass seed
Improve original pasture；
The approach of the adjustment grazing time has the extension summer pasturing time 97 days；
4. the step is the benefit for being arranged and solving scheme, obtain the optimal solution set of each scheme；
The benefit of the scheme determines according to the following formula:
Fc(f)=Max (Em(f)+Eg(f))
F in formulac(f)、Em(f)、Eg(f) be respectively f season comprehensive benefit, economic benefit and ecological benefits；
The f season is summer；
The economic benefit Em(f) it is determined by following formula:
Em(f)=∑iR(i)·Y(i)-∑jC(j)
R (i) in formula, Y (i) are respectively the increment and unit price of i class product, and C (j) is the expense that j class product occurs；
The i indicates saeter domestic animal, meat, milk, fur, butter；The j is represented by saeter Pasture improvement benefit
Seed, traffic expense, labour cost for broadcasting etc.；
The ecological benefits Eg(f) it is determined by following formula:
Eg(f)=∑ (A1+A2+A3+A4)
A1 in formula, A2, A3, A4 are respectively saeter grassland utilization change rate, and edible forage utilizes change rate, and meadow carries
Poultry quantitative change rate and evil feelings change rate；
The A1, A2, A3, A4 are determined by following formula:
Gb in formula, Ga are respectively that summer meadow adjusted can utilize area using area and the preceding meadow of adjustment；
Unit area before Fb in formula, Fa are respectively the yield of summer meadow unit area edible forage adjusted and adjust
The yield of edible forage；
Carrying Capacity of Grassland before Sb in formula, Sa are respectively summer Carrying Capacity of Grassland adjusted and adjust；
Rb in formula, Ra are respectively summer meadow evil feelings occurring area adjusted and the preceding meadow evil feelings occurring area of adjustment.
5. the step determines that preferred plan is according to the step optimal case that 4. middle scheme benefit calculation obtains.
According to step, 4. middle scheme benefit, comprehensive benefit of the calculating under different schemes compare the benefit of different schemes, select
The scheme of greatest benefit is selected as final adjustment scheme.
Claims (8)
1. family domestic animal-meadow configuration technology is herded by a kind of family, comprising the following steps:
1. inputting parameter, objective function is determined；
2. determining constraint condition；
3. being arranged and solving scheme collection；
4. solving scheme benefit；
5. determining preferred plan.
2. family domestic animal-meadow configuration technology is herded by a kind of family according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the step is 1.
The parameter of input includes the grassland area S (f), unit area edible forage yield B (f), unit area meadow egg of seasonal pasture
White output quantity M (f), unit area meadow metabolic energy output quantity L (f), meadow availability and to herd number of days D (f), single sheep single
Position amount of dry matter E day by dayd, single sheep unit digestible protein amount P day by dayd, single sheep unit metabolisable energy M day by dayd；
The parameter is selected as 5 years or more the average value measured；
The objective function includes quantity animal number Q (f)=S (f) B (f) L (f)/(D (f) Ed)；
Digestible protein animal number DCP (f)=S (f) P (f) L (f)/(D (f) Pd)；
Metabolic energy animal number ME (f)=S (f) M (f) L (f)/(D (f) Md)。
3. family domestic animal-meadow configuration technology is herded by a kind of family according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the step is 2.
In constraint condition be according to step 1. in input parameter and step 2. in objective function determine, the constraint
Condition is that period of seedling establishment not herds (drylot feeding).
4. family domestic animal-meadow configuration technology is herded by a kind of family according to claim 3, which is characterized in that the period of seedling establishment
By uncertain Effect of Natural Disaster；Period of seedling establishment not herds 1 to 2 month to turn green for meadow (drylot feeding) time；It returns on the meadow
The green phase does not herd, and carries out drylot feeding nursing to domestic animal.
5. family domestic animal-meadow configuration technology is herded by a kind of family according to claim 4, which is characterized in that described can not
The natural calamity of prediction includes region, weather, hydro-thermal.
6. family domestic animal-meadow configuration technology is herded by a kind of family according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the step is 3.
Scheme collection be according to Li Bixi (Liebig) the least factor law, Various Seasonal select meadow minimum animal number for limitation because
Son, using meadow maximum animal number as the Carrying of Adjusted Option, according to the animal number and Various Seasonal actually herded
Family domestic animal is herded in grass increase and decrease, and multiple groups institute is arranged with the Forage-Livestock Balance that drylot feeding (period of seedling establishment, which is stopped, herds) combines by pure natural herd
The value of parameter is stated, the value of every group of parameter constitutes a scheme, multiple scheme groups in conjunction with the objective function and constraint condition
At scheme collection, the scheme collection includes:
(1) when DCP (f) is f seasonal grazing land maximum animal number, and Q (f) is f seasonal grazing land minimum animal number, difference X (f)=
DCP (f)-Q (f), the X (f)=Sf·Bf·L(f)/(Df·Ed), in order to meet X (f)=DCP (f)-Q (f), then in formula
Sf、Bf、DfMake corresponding adjustment, f seasonal grazing grassland area respectively adjusted, unit area edible forage yield and puts
Herd number of days；
The Adjusted Option is to increase f season Grazing grassland area；Or increase edible forage yield；Or adjustment grazing time；
The increase f season Grazing grassland area can be described by the way that other seasonal grazing grassland areas are divided into f seasonal grazing
Division mode is that Winter-Spring pasture part is divided into saeter or autumn pasture, and Winter-Spring pasture lacks partially manually meadow generation
It replaces；
Approach with the having bald spot after-culture for increasing edible forage yield, Grass cover cover crop, the improvement of after-culture good grass seed
Originally pasture；
The approach of the adjustment grazing time has increase or shortens f seasonal grazing time or adjustment drylot feeding time；
(2) when DCP (f) is f seasonal grazing land maximum animal number, and ME (f) is f seasonal grazing land minimum animal number, difference X (f)=
DCP (f)-ME (f), the X (f)=Sf·Mf·L(f)/(Df·Ed), in order to meet X (f)=DCP (f)-ME (f), then in formula
Sf、Mf、DfMake corresponding adjustment, f seasonal grazing grassland area respectively adjusted, the output of unit area meadow metabolic energy
Measure and herd number of days；
The Adjusted Option is to increase f season Grazing grassland area；Or increase meadow metabolic energy output quantity；Or adjustment is when herding
Between；
The increase f season Grazing grassland area can be described by the way that other seasonal grazing grassland areas are divided into f seasonal grazing
Division mode is that Winter-Spring pasture part is divided into saeter or autumn pasture, and Winter-Spring pasture lacks partially manually meadow generation
It replaces；
The approach for increasing meadow metabolic energy output quantity has after-culture good grass seed to improve natural meadow, and purchase digestion palatability is good
Forage；
The approach of the adjustment grazing time has appropriate increase or shortens f seasonal grazing time or adjustment drylot feeding time；
(3) when Q (f) is f seasonal grazing land maximum animal number, and DCP (f) is f seasonal grazing land minimum animal number, difference X (f)=Q
(f)-DCP (f), the X (f)=Sf·Pf·L(f)/(Df·Pd), in order to meet X (f)=Q (f)-DCP (f), then in formula
Sf、Pf、DfMake corresponding adjustment, f seasonal grazing grassland area respectively adjusted, unit area meadow crude protein output quantity
With herd number of days；
The Adjusted Option is to increase f season Grazing grassland area；Or increase meadow crude protein output quantity；Or adjustment is when herding
Between；
The increase f season Grazing grassland area can be described by the way that other seasonal grazing grassland areas are divided into f seasonal grazing
Division mode is that Winter-Spring pasture part is divided into saeter or autumn pasture, and Winter-Spring pasture lacks partially manually meadow generation
It replaces；
The approach for increasing meadow crude protein output quantity has oversowing good grass seed, buys the higher forage of crude protein, mends
Fill high protein fine fodder；
The approach of the adjustment grazing time has increase or shortens f seasonal grazing time or adjustment drylot feeding time；
(4) when Q (f) is f seasonal grazing land maximum animal number, and ME (f) is f seasonal grazing land minimum animal number, difference X (f)=Q
(f)-ME (f), the X (f)=Sf·Mf·L(f)/(Df·Md), in order to meet X (f)=Q (f)-ME (f), then the S in formulaf、
Mf、DfMake corresponding adjustment, f seasonal grazing grassland area respectively adjusted, unit area meadow metabolic energy output quantity and puts
Herd number of days；
The Adjusted Option is to increase f season Grazing grassland area；Or increase meadow metabolic energy output quantity；Or adjustment is when herding
Between；
The increase f season Grazing grassland area can be described by the way that other seasonal grazing grassland areas are divided into f seasonal grazing
Division mode is that Winter-Spring pasture part is divided into saeter or autumn pasture, and Winter-Spring pasture lacks partially manually meadow generation
It replaces；
The approach for increasing meadow metabolic energy output quantity has after-culture good grass seed to improve natural meadow, and purchase digestion palatability is good
Forage；
The approach of the adjustment grazing time has appropriate increase or shortens the f seasonal grazing time, or the adjustment drylot feeding time；
(5) when ME (f) is f seasonal grazing land maximum animal number, and Q (f) is f seasonal grazing land minimum animal number, difference X (f)=ME
(f)-Q (f), the X (f)=Sf·Bf·L(f)/(Df·Ed), in order to meet X (f)=ME (f)-Q (f), then the S in formulaf、
Bf、DfMake corresponding adjustment, f seasonal grazing grassland area respectively adjusted, unit area edible forage yield and herds day
Number；
The Adjusted Option is to increase f season Grazing grassland area；Or increase edible forage yield；Or adjustment grazing time；
The increase f season Grazing grassland area can be described by the way that other seasonal grazing grassland areas are divided into f seasonal grazing
Division mode is that Winter-Spring pasture part is divided into saeter or autumn pasture, and Winter-Spring pasture lacks partially manually meadow generation
It replaces；
Approach with the having bald spot after-culture for increasing edible forage yield, Grass cover cover crop, the improvement of after-culture good grass seed
Originally pasture；
The approach of the adjustment grazing time has increase or shortens f seasonal grazing time or adjustment drylot feeding time；
(6) when ME (f) is f seasonal grazing land maximum animal number, and DCP (f) is f seasonal grazing land minimum animal number, difference X (f)=
ME (f)-DCP (f), the X (f)=Sf·Pf·L(f)/(Df·Pd), in order to meet X (f)=ME (f)-DCP (f), then in formula
Sf、Pf、DfMake corresponding adjustment, f seasonal grazing grassland area respectively adjusted, the output of unit area meadow crude protein
Measure and herd number of days；
The Adjusted Option is to increase f season Grazing grassland area；Or increase meadow crude protein output quantity；Or adjustment is when herding
Between；
The increase f season Grazing grassland area can be described by the way that other seasonal grazing grassland areas are divided into f seasonal grazing
Division mode is that Winter-Spring pasture part is divided into saeter or autumn pasture, and Winter-Spring pasture lacks partially manually meadow generation
It replaces；
The approach for increasing thick meadow albumen output quantity has oversowing good grass seed, buys the higher forage of crude protein, mends
Fill high protein fine fodder；
The approach of the adjustment grazing time has increase or shortens f seasonal grazing time or adjustment drylot feeding time.
7. family domestic animal-meadow configuration technology is herded by a kind of family according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the step is 4.
For the benefit for being arranged and solving scheme, the optimal solution set of each scheme is obtained；
The benefit of the scheme determines according to the following formula:
Fc(f)=Max (Em(f)+Eg(f))
F in formulac(f)、Em(f)、Eg(f) be respectively f season comprehensive benefit, economic benefit and ecological benefits；
The economic benefit Em(f) it is determined by following formula:
Em(f)=∑iR(i)·Y(i)-∑jC(j)
R (i) in formula, Y (i) are respectively the increment and unit price of i class product, and C (j) is the expense that j class product occurs；
The i indicates domestic animal, meat, milk, fur, butter；The j be represented by the purchase expense of forage grass, seed, traffic expense,
Epidemic prevention takes, artificial pasture gathers in expense；
The ecological benefits Eg(f) it is determined by following formula:
Eg(f)=∑ (A1+A2+A3+A4)
A1 in formula, A2, A3, A4 are respectively f season grassland utilization change rate, and edible forage utilizes change rate, and Carrying Capacity of Grassland becomes
Rate and evil feelings change rate；
The A1, A2, A3, A4 are determined by following formula:
Meadow can utilize area using area and the preceding meadow of adjustment after Gb in formula, Ga are respectively adjusted；
Fb in formula, Fa are respectively the production of unit area edible forage before the yield and adjustment of unit area edible forage after adjusting
Amount；
Sb in formula, Sa are respectively Carrying Capacity of Grassland and the preceding Carrying Capacity of Grassland of adjustment after adjusting；
Rb in formula, Ra are respectively meadow evil feelings occurring area and the preceding meadow evil feelings occurring area of adjustment after adjusting.
8. family domestic animal-meadow configuration technology is herded by a kind of family according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the step is 5.
Determine that preferred plan is according to the step optimal case that 4. middle scheme benefit calculation obtains.
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| CN110419502A (en) * | 2019-08-30 | 2019-11-08 | 贵州大学 | A kind of method that accurate daily ration is herded and its fence system |
| CN110956404A (en) * | 2019-12-05 | 2020-04-03 | 中国农业科学院草原研究所 | Pasture management optimization method, system and computer-readable storage medium |
| CN114766290A (en) * | 2022-05-12 | 2022-07-22 | 青海大学 | Pasturing method for natural alpine grassland in green turning period |
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