CN109322176A - 一种棉涤混纺织物用染料组合物及其染色方法 - Google Patents

一种棉涤混纺织物用染料组合物及其染色方法 Download PDF

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CN109322176A
CN109322176A CN201811077566.9A CN201811077566A CN109322176A CN 109322176 A CN109322176 A CN 109322176A CN 201811077566 A CN201811077566 A CN 201811077566A CN 109322176 A CN109322176 A CN 109322176A
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cotton
polyester blend
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戚志军
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Hangzhou Sanji Dyeing And Finishing Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种棉涤混纺织物用染料组合物及其染色方法,属于纺织品印染技术领域。采用的技术方案是:一种棉涤混纺织物用染料组合物,按照质量百分比计,包括75~88%的活性染料、8~15%的多糖类高分子化合物、3~8%的叔胺化合物和0.5~3%的分散剂,所述分散剂包括聚乙二醇或聚丙烯酸钠中的至少一种。本发明具有上染、固色速度快,染色牢固,耗时短,有利于实现棉涤混纺织物染色过程中的节能降耗,染色过程中减少了耗水量和用盐量,有利于环境保护。

Description

一种棉涤混纺织物用染料组合物及其染色方法
技术领域
本发明涉及纺织品印染技术领域,尤其涉及一种棉涤混纺织物用染料组合物及其染色方法。
背景技术
棉涤,是棉和涤纶纤维混纺的织物,以棉为主要成分,采用65~67%的棉和33~35%的涤纶混纺织成的纺织品,具有较好的吸湿性和透气性,穿着舒适,不易变形和褶皱,广泛用于服装面料。印染行业对棉涤织物进行染色时,一直采用分散/活性染料两浴两步法染色,即分散染料染色-还原清洗-活性染料套染的方法,整个染色工艺耗时长,生产效率低下,要耗费大量的水、电、汽,排放的污水量大。且由于湿加工时间长,易引起布面起毛,影响织物的手感。
对棉涤织物中的棉染色采用的是活性染料,又称反应性染料,活性染料分子中含有能与纤维素中的羟基和蛋白质纤维中的氨基发生反应的活性基团,在染色过程中与织物形成牢固的共价键,用活性染料对棉织物进行染色,具有颜色鲜艳、均染性好、染色牢度高、成本较低的特点。但用活性染料染色的过程中,活性染料分子中的亲水性基团呈负电性,棉织物表面也呈负电性,两者之间存在库伦斥力,会减弱染料向纤维上的吸附以及向纤维无定形区的扩散,延长染色时间。
现有技术中,授权公告号为CN 102561068B的中国专利公开了一种锦棉织物活性染料染色工艺,依次向浸泡锦棉织物的水中加入活性染料、醋酸、匀染剂、元明粉和纯碱,经过保温、水洗和皂洗等步骤后完成染色。该染色工艺的固色率高,染色效率好,但染液和洗液中加入了大量的盐和醋酸,会产生大量的高盐废水,增加了对印染废水的处理难度,不利于环境保护。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种棉涤混纺织物用染料组合物,具有高效环保、染色牢固的优点。
本发明的上述目的是通过以下技术方案得以实现的:
一种棉涤混纺织物用染料组合物,按照质量百分比计,包括75~88%的活性染料、8~15%的多糖类高分子化合物、3~8%的叔胺化合物和0.5~3%的分散剂,所述分散剂包括聚乙二醇或聚丙烯酸钠中的至少一种。
实施上述技术方案,以活性染料为主要染色成分,在染料中添加多糖类高分子化合物、叔胺化合物和分散剂,多糖类高分子化合物与叔胺化合物配合对活性染料的上染有促进作用,有利于减少染色过程中的盐用量,进而有利于降低染色废水中的盐浓度,有利于环境保护。分散剂能够促进染料组合物中各组分在染液中的均匀分散性,有利于染色的均匀性。多糖类高分子化合物中含有较多的羟基,会与水分子形成氢键,形成三维类似胶状的结构,减少活性染料与水之间形成的氢键,有利于促进活性染料与棉涤混纺织物上的棉纤维反应。同时,叔胺化合物能够与活性染料反应生成季胺化合物,带有季铵盐的活性染料与棉涤混纺织物上的棉纤维快速反应并释放叔胺化合物分子,叔胺化合物有利于降低活性染料与棉纤维反应所需的活化能,促进活性染料的染色。这样就不需要在染料组合物中添加元明粉、小苏打和尿素等成分,显著降低了染色过程中的盐用量。
进一步,所述多糖类高分子化合物包括黄原胶、阿拉伯胶、海藻酸钠、瓜尔胶和卡波姆中的至少一种。优选的,所述多糖类高分子化合物包括海藻酸钠和黄原胶,所述海藻酸钠和黄原胶的质量比为(1.7~2.6):1。
实施上述技术方案,黄原胶是由假黄单胞菌属发酵产生的单胞多糖,由D-葡萄糖、D-甘露糖和D-葡萄糖醛酸按照2:2:1组成的多糖类高分子化合物,其水溶液呈中性,具有较强的亲水性和较高的粘度,有利于增加活性染料与棉涤混纺织物的接触与反应。阿拉伯胶是豆科的合欢树属的树干渗出物,具有良好的亲水性,会在水中吸水溶胀,具有增稠作用。海藻酸钠是由β-D-甘露糖醛酸和α-L-古洛糖醛酸按照1→4键连接而成的一种天然多糖,溶于水成粘稠状液体,海藻酸钠与黄原胶配合形成交联网络结构,有利于促进活性染料与棉涤混纺织物的接触与反应。瓜尔胶是一种水溶性高分子聚合物,主要含有半乳糖和甘露糖,是大分子天然亲水胶体,水溶性极好,溶于水后形成胶状物质,具有增稠作用。卡波姆为丙烯酸键合烯丙基蔗糖或季戊四醇烯丙醚的高分子聚合物,具有流变调节作用,能够对溶液进行增稠和悬浮,中和后可作为凝胶基质。
进一步,所述叔胺化合物包括三甲胺、三乙烯二胺和吡啶中的至少一种。优选的,所述叔胺化合物包括三甲胺和三乙烯二胺,所述三甲胺和三乙烯二胺的质量比为1:(2.6~3.3)。
实施上述技术方案,三甲胺是最简单的叔胺,可被微生物降解,三甲胺与活性染料反应成季铵盐阳离子活性染料,季铵盐活性染料带有正电性,既抵消了部分自身带有的负电荷,也可与棉涤混纺织物上的棉纤维阴离子互相吸引,提高活性染料的上染率。同时,季铵盐活性染料的反应性增强,与棉涤混纺织物反应后以共价键结合,有利于提高活性染料的固色速度和固色率。三乙烯二胺也能够与活性染料反应生成季铵盐活性染料,提高活性染料的上染率、固色率,同时,三乙烯二胺分子两端氮原子分别与棉涤混纺织物上的棉纤维的羟基氢原子、活性染料均三嗪环上的-NHR形成氢键,起桥基作用,有利于加快活性染料的上染速率和上染率。三甲胺与三乙烯二胺配合有利于提高活性染料的上染率和固色率。吡啶与活性染料反应与三甲胺、三乙烯二胺类似。
进一步,按照质量百分比计,包括78~85%的活性染料、6.2~9.5%的海藻酸钠、1.8~5.5%的黄原胶、0.9~1.9%的三甲胺、2.1~6.1%的三乙烯二胺和0.5~3%的分散剂。
本发明的另一个目的在于提供一种棉涤混纺织物用染料组合物的染色方法,包括以下步骤:
步骤一:按配方称取各原料,将多糖类高分子化合物和分散剂加入水中溶解,得到预混液。
步骤二:向预混液中同时加入活性染料和叔胺化合物,搅拌均匀后得到活性染液。其中,活性染液中的染料组合物与水的用量质量比为(0.023~0.055):1。
步骤三:将棉涤混纺织物投入活性染液中,在25~35℃下保持20~40min,以1~2℃/min的速度升温至55~65℃,加入纯碱,纯碱的加入量为每升活性染液加入0.6~1.2g,保持50~75min。
步骤四:向步骤三的染液中加入酸性调节试剂,搅拌后加入分散染料,分散染料的加入量为10~45g,在55~65℃下保持5~10min,以1~2℃/min的速度升温至85~95℃,保温25~40min,对棉涤混纺织物进行水洗、皂洗、后水洗和烘干,即得。
实施上述技术方案,多糖高分子化合物和分散剂溶解在水中,多糖高分子化合物吸水溶胀形成具有一定稠度的液体,再加入活性染料和叔胺化合物,这样有利于促进活性染料和叔胺化合物的反应,生成季铵盐活性染料。将棉涤混纺织物投入活性染料中,季铵盐活性染料与棉涤混纺织物上的纤维反应固色之后,叔胺脱落下来再次与活性染料反应生成新的季铵盐活性染料,实现对活性染料的催化染色作用。棉涤混纺织物经过活性染料的棉染色后再用分散染料对涤纤维进行染色,完成对棉涤混纺织物的染色过程。
综上所述,本发明具有以下有益效果:
通过将活性染料与多糖类高分子化合物、叔胺化合物配合,有利于促进活性染料在棉涤混纺织物上的上染和固色,不仅有利于提高活性染料的上染速率和固色速率,缩短染色时间,降低能耗,也有利于减少染色过程中水和盐的用量,不再添加元明粉、纯碱的添加量也显著减少,有利于减少废水中的盐含量,有利于环境保护。同时,棉涤混纺织物采用活性染料进行棉纤维染色过程在常温下进行即可,加入纯碱后的升温保持的时间短,染色过程高效,有利于节能降耗。
具体实施方式
下面对本发明实施例的技术方案进行描述。
实施例一
本实施例提供一种棉涤混纺织物用染料组合物,按照质量百分比计,包括88%的活性染料、4%的阿拉伯胶、4%的卡波姆、2%的三甲胺、1%的吡啶和1%的聚乙二醇400。
本实施例的染料组合物对棉涤混纺织物的染色方法,包括以下步骤:
步骤一:称取176g的活性染料、8g的阿拉伯胶、8g的卡波姆、4.7mL的三甲胺、2mL的吡啶和1.8mL的聚乙二醇400,将阿拉伯胶、卡波姆和聚乙二醇400加入5L水中溶解,得到预混液。
步骤二:向预混液中同时加入活性染料、三甲胺和吡啶,搅拌均匀后得到活性染液。
步骤三:将棉涤混纺织物投入活性染液中,在25℃下保持40min,以2℃/min的速度升温至55℃,加入3g的纯碱,保持75min。
步骤四:向染液中加入醋酸,将染液的pH调节至5,搅拌后加入50g的分散染料,在55℃保持10min,以1℃/min的速度升温至85℃,保温40min,对棉涤混纺织物进行水洗、皂洗、后水洗和烘干,即得。
实施例二
本实施例与实施例一的区别主要在于:本实施例的染料组合物按照质量百分比计,包括75%的活性染料、9%的黄原胶、6%的阿拉伯胶、7%的三乙烯二胺和3%的聚丙烯酸钠。
本实施例的染料组合物对棉涤混纺织物的染色方法,包括以下步骤:
步骤一:称取165g的活性染料、19.8g的黄原胶、13.2g的阿拉伯胶、15.4g的三乙烯二胺和6.6g的聚丙烯酸钠,将黄原胶、阿拉伯胶和聚丙烯酸钠加入5L水中溶解,得到预混液。
步骤二:向预混液中同时加入活性染料、三乙烯二胺,搅拌均匀后得到活性染液。
步骤三:将棉涤混纺织物投入活性染液中,在35℃下保持20min,以1℃/min的速度升温至65℃,加入6g的纯碱,保持50min。
步骤四:向染液中加入醋酸,将染液的pH调节至4.5,搅拌后加入225g的分散染料,在65℃保持5min,以2℃/min的速度升温至95℃,保温25min,对棉涤混纺织物进行水洗、皂洗、后水洗和烘干,即得。
实施例三
本实施例与实施例一的区别主要在于:本实施例的染料组合物按照质量百分比计,包括78%的活性染料、5.5%的黄原胶、9.5%的海藻酸钠、1.9%的三甲胺、2.1%的三乙烯二胺和3%的聚乙二醇400。
本实施例的染料组合物对棉涤混纺织物的染色方法,包括以下步骤:
步骤一:称取156g的活性染料、11g的黄原胶、19g的海藻酸钠、4.4mL的三甲胺、4.2g的三乙烯二胺和5.4mL的聚乙二醇400,将黄原胶、海藻酸钠和聚乙二醇400加入5L水中溶解,得到预混液。
步骤二:向预混液中同时加入活性染料、三甲胺和三乙烯二胺,搅拌均匀后得到活性染液。
步骤三:将棉涤混纺织物投入活性染液中,在30℃下保持30min,以2℃/min的速度升温至60℃,加入4.5g的纯碱,保持65min.
步骤四:向染液中加入醋酸,将染液的pH调节至5.5,搅拌后加入125g的分散染料,在60℃保持8min,以2℃/min的速度升温至90℃,保温35min,对棉涤混纺织物进行水洗、皂洗、后水洗和烘干,即得。
实施例四至六
实施例四至六的染料组合物及染液的原料组成如表1所示,实施例四至六的染色方法均与实施例三相同。
表1实施例四至六的染料组合物及染液的原料组成
成分 实施例四 实施例五 实施例六
活性染料/g 187 202.5 160
黄原胶/g 4 7.5 8
海藻酸钠/g 13.6 17.5 16
三甲胺/mL 2.3 2.6 3.8
三乙烯二胺/g 12.3 15.3 10
聚乙二醇/mL 0.9 1.9 2.2
聚丙烯酸钠/g / 2.5 /
水/L 5 5 5
纯碱/g 4 4.5 5
分散染料/g 100 135 150
对比例一
本对比例与实施例一的区别主要在于:本对比例的染料组合物由活性染料、叔胺化合物和分散剂组成,不含有多糖类高分子化合物,即染料组合物由176g的活性染料、4.7mL的三甲胺、2mL的吡啶和1.8mL的聚乙二醇400组成。
对比例二
本对比例与实施例一的区别主要在于:本对比例的染料组合物由活性染料、多糖类高分子化合物和分散剂组成,不含有叔胺化合物,即染料组合物由176g的活性染料、8g的阿拉伯胶、8g的卡波姆和1.8mL的聚乙二醇400组成。
产品检测
按照国家标准GB/T 3923.1-2013的方法对各实施例和对比例染色后织物的断裂强度进行检测;根据国家标准GB/T 2391-2014的方法对各实施例和对比例的固色率进行测定;按照国家标准GB/T 3920-2008和GB/T 5713-2013的方法对各实施例和对比例染色后的织物进行检测,检测结果如表2所示。
表2各实施例和对比例的检测结果
组别 断裂强度/N 固色率/% 耐摩擦色牢度/级 耐水色牢度/级
实施例一 362 79.48 4-5 4
实施例二 369 80.36 4-5 4
实施例三 397 81.64 5 4-5
实施例四 374 80.79 4-5 4
实施例五 405 82.53 5 4-5
实施例六 423 86.27 5 4-5
对比例一 286 62.95 4 3-4
对比例二 308 56.86 3-4 3
由表2可见,各实施例由活性染料、多糖类高分子化合物、叔胺化合物和分散剂组成的染料组合物对棉涤混纺织物的染色效果明显优于对比例一和对比例二,染色后棉涤混纺织物的断裂强度、固色率和色牢度均较高,证明多糖类高分子化合物与叔胺化合物配合有利于促进和催化活性染料的上染。在多个实施例中,实施例六的染料组合物对棉涤混纺织物的染色效果优于其他实施例,证明叔胺化合物中,三甲胺和三乙烯二胺的质量比在1:(2.6~3.3)范围内的复配具有更好的催化效果。实施例三和实施例五的染料组合物对棉涤混纺织物的染色效果优于实施例一、二和四,证明多糖类高分子化合物中,海藻酸钠和黄原胶的质量比在(1.7~2.6):1范围内的复配有利于提高对活性染料上染固色的催化作用。本发明的染料组合物具有上染、固色速度快,耗时短,有利于实现棉涤混纺织物染色过程中的节能降耗,同时,也利于减少染色废水中的盐含量,减少染色过程中的耗水量和用盐量,有利于环境保护。

Claims (10)

1.一种棉涤混纺织物用染料组合物,其特征在于,按照质量百分比计,包括75~88%的活性染料、8~15%的多糖类高分子化合物、3~8%的叔胺化合物和0.5~3%的分散剂。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种棉涤混纺织物用染料组合物,其特征在于,所述多糖类高分子化合物包括黄原胶、阿拉伯胶、海藻酸钠、瓜尔胶和卡波姆中的至少一种。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种棉涤混纺织物用染料组合物,其特征在于,所述多糖类高分子化合物包括海藻酸钠和黄原胶,所述海藻酸钠和黄原胶的质量比为(1.7~2.6):1。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种棉涤混纺织物用染料组合物,其特征在于,所述叔胺化合物包括三甲胺、三乙烯二胺和吡啶中的至少一种。
5.根据权利要求4所述的一种棉涤混纺织物用染料组合物,其特征在于,所述叔胺化合物包括三甲胺和三乙烯二胺,所述三甲胺和三乙烯二胺的质量比为1:(2.6~3.3)。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种棉涤混纺织物用染料组合物,其特征在于,所述分散剂包括聚乙二醇或聚丙烯酸钠中的至少一种。
7.根据权利要求1至6中任意一项所述的一种棉涤混纺织物用染料组合物,其特征在于,按照质量百分比计,包括78~85%的活性染料、6.2~9.5%的海藻酸钠、1.8~5.5%的黄原胶、0.9~1.9%的三甲胺、2.1~6.1%的三乙烯二胺和0.5~3%的分散剂。
8.根据权利要求1至7中任意一项所述的一种棉涤混纺织物用染料组合物的染色方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
步骤一:按配方称取各原料,将多糖类高分子化合物和分散剂加入水中溶解,得到预混液;
步骤二:向预混液中同时加入活性染料和叔胺化合物,搅拌均匀后得到活性染液;
步骤三:将棉涤混纺织物投入活性染液中,在25~35℃下保持20~40min,以1~2℃/min的速度升温至55~65℃,加入纯碱,保持50~75min;
步骤四:向步骤三的染液中加入酸性调节试剂,搅拌后加入分散染料,在55~65℃下保持5~10min,以1~2℃/min的速度升温至85~95℃,保温25~40min,对棉涤混纺织物进行水洗、皂洗、后水洗和烘干,即得。
9.根据权利要求8所述的一种棉涤混纺织物用染料组合物的染色方法,其特征在于,所述活性染液中,染料组合物与水的质量比为(0.023~0.055):1。
10.根据权利要求9所述的一种棉涤混纺织物用染料组合物的染色方法,其特征在于,纯碱的加入量为每升活性染液加入0.6~1.2g,分散染料的加入量为10~45g。
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