CN109317673B - Laser additive manufacturing device and method - Google Patents

Laser additive manufacturing device and method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN109317673B
CN109317673B CN201811221426.4A CN201811221426A CN109317673B CN 109317673 B CN109317673 B CN 109317673B CN 201811221426 A CN201811221426 A CN 201811221426A CN 109317673 B CN109317673 B CN 109317673B
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laser
liquid nitrogen
additive manufacturing
laser head
electromagnetic valve
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CN109317673A (en
Inventor
任旭东
童照鹏
焦佳飞
周王凡
陈兰
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Jiangsu University
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Jiangsu University
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22FWORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22FWORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/30Process control
    • B22F10/36Process control of energy beam parameters
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22FWORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/20Direct sintering or melting
    • B22F10/25Direct deposition of metal particles, e.g. direct metal deposition [DMD] or laser engineered net shaping [LENS]
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22FWORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F12/00Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
    • B22F12/40Radiation means
    • B22F12/44Radiation means characterised by the configuration of the radiation means
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33YADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y10/00Processes of additive manufacturing
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33YADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y30/00Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22FWORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/30Process control
    • B22F10/32Process control of the atmosphere, e.g. composition or pressure in a building chamber
    • B22F10/322Process control of the atmosphere, e.g. composition or pressure in a building chamber of the gas flow, e.g. rate or direction
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/25Process efficiency

Abstract

The invention provides a high-efficiency laser additive manufacturing device and a method, which comprise a control computer, a continuous laser, a laser head, a two-way electromagnetic valve, a liquid nitrogen tank, a mechanical arm, a liquid nitrogen nozzle, a powder conveying pipe, a protective gas conveying pipe, a powder feeder, an argon bottle and a nitrogen bottle. In the laser material increase process, when a non-reinforced layer is prepared, argon is used as atmosphere protective gas of a molten pool; when the nitride reinforced deposition layer needs to be prepared, nitrogen is adjusted to be used as atmosphere protective gas of a molten pool, so that nitrogen and metal elements in the molten pool react in situ to generate a nitride reinforced phase.

Description

Laser additive manufacturing device and method
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of laser additive manufacturing, in particular to a laser additive manufacturing device and method.
Background
The Laser Additive Manufacturing (LAM) technology is an Additive Manufacturing technology that uses a high-energy Laser beam as a heat source to melt and process metal alloy powder. The laser has the advantages of large energy density and energy concentration, and can realize the processing and manufacturing of metal materials with high melting points and difficult processing, such as titanium alloy, high-temperature alloy and the like. In addition, the laser additive manufacturing technology has high flexible automation degree, and can realize the processing of parts with complex structures and various scales.
In the current laser additive manufacturing equipment and technology, a high-energy laser beam is generally used as a heat source for laser, and powder or wire materials coaxially fed are melted and deposited layer by layer in an inert gas atmosphere according to a set scanning path, so that a metal component is directly formed. The equipment mainly comprises a laser, a laser head, a numerical control platform, a powder/wire feeder, a protective gas tank and the like. In the preparation process, any process parameter is not changed, and the prepared metal component generally has single comprehensive mechanical property.
In order to prepare the same metal component, some scholars obtain additive manufacturing components with different mechanical properties and strengths at different parts by changing powder or process parameters in the additive manufacturing process to obtain various additive manufacturing components with mechanical properties. In the material increase process, powder is changed, a laser is usually required to stop running, all the residual powder in a powder conveying pipe is discharged, other powder is replaced, the working efficiency is low, a preset deposition layer is simultaneously melted under the action of a high-energy laser beam, metal elements are rapidly diffused in a high-temperature molten pool and are subjected to fusion reaction with the newly-arranged deposition layer, and the performance of the deposition layer with different mechanical properties is similar; by changing the process parameters, the prepared deposition layer has usually insignificant difference in mechanical properties and poor effect.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a laser additive manufacturing device capable of strengthening a localized nitrided layer.
In order to realize the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: the utility model provides a laser vibration material disk device, includes the workstation, the workstation top is equipped with the laser head, be equipped with powder conveyer pipe and protection gas conveyer pipe in the laser head, the powder conveyer pipe is connected with powder feeder, protection gas conveyer pipe is connected with argon gas bottle and nitrogen cylinder simultaneously through the bi-pass solenoid valve, the laser head is connected with continuous laser light path, the other liquid nitrogen nozzle that is equipped with of laser head, the liquid nitrogen nozzle is connected with the liquid nitrogen container.
In the scheme, the liquid nitrogen nozzle is connected with the two-way electromagnetic valve through the synchronous signal generator.
In the above scheme, the liquid nitrogen nozzle is mounted on the mechanical arm.
In the above scheme, the workbench, the synchronous signal generator, the powder feeder, the continuous laser and the mechanical arm are all connected with a control computer.
In the above scheme, still install the prism in the laser head, first speculum and second mirror are installed to the both sides correspondence of prism, the laser that continuous laser instrument sent gives through the third speculum reflection the prism, the prism gives laser refraction simultaneously first speculum with the second mirror, first speculum with the second mirror is focused on with laser reflection on the substrate of workstation.
The invention provides a laser additive manufacturing method, which comprises the following steps: s1, selecting a flat metal alloy material as a base material, polishing, cleaning, drying, and placing on the surface of a workbench; s2, establishing a three-dimensional model of the workpiece in the control computer, slicing the three-dimensional model to obtain the profile information of the workpiece section and the layer information of the component, and programming the process parameters of the laser head and the liquid nitrogen nozzle in the control computer; s3, determining time nodes for preparing a non-reinforced layer and a nitride strong lamination according to the scanning speed and the contour and the position information of a workpiece, programming in a control computer, outputting argon and closing a liquid nitrogen nozzle by a two-way electromagnetic valve when the non-reinforced layer is required to be prepared, switching the two-way electromagnetic valve to output nitrogen and opening the liquid nitrogen nozzle to start to spray liquid nitrogen when the nitride strong lamination is prepared; and after S4 additive component preparation is finished, all the devices are closed.
In the above scheme, in S2, the process parameters of the continuous laser connected to the laser head are: the laser power is 600-.
In the scheme, in the S3, the nitrogen is 40-100% by volume.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: (1) in the laser material increase process, when a non-reinforced layer is prepared, argon is used as atmosphere protective gas of a molten pool; when the nitride strengthening deposition layer needs to be prepared, the control computer quickly adjusts the two-way electromagnetic valve, adjusts nitrogen as atmosphere protective gas of the molten pool, and enables nitrogen elements to react with metal elements in the molten pool in situ to generate a nitride strengthening phase; (2) and immediately spraying liquid nitrogen to the solidified nitride strengthening deposition layer to forcibly and quickly cool so as to enable the nitride strengthening phase to be immediately pinned in situ and inhibit the nitride strengthening phase from diffusing to the non-strengthening layer, and finally preparing the alloy material with different mechanical properties in different areas of the same material adding component. Meanwhile, the forced cooling of the liquid nitrogen can inhibit the growth of crystal grains, so that the crystal grains of the nitride enhanced phase are refined and are dispersed and distributed among dendrites, and the component is prevented from generating cracks due to stress concentration caused by uneven distribution of the hard phase. (3) The device is simple, convenient to operate, wide in application range, obvious in effect and wide in application prospect.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the structure of the apparatus of the present invention.
In the figure: 1-control computer, 2-continuous laser, 3-laser head, 4-third reflector, 5-prism, 6-1-first reflector, 6-2-second reflector, 7-two-way electromagnetic valve, 8-liquid nitrogen tank, 9-mechanical arm, 10-workbench, 11-liquid nitrogen nozzle, 12-base material, 13-deposition layer, 14-powder conveying pipe, 15-protective gas conveying pipe, 16-powder feeder, 17-argon gas bottle, 18-nitrogen gas bottle and 19-synchronous signal generator.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the following figures and specific examples.
As shown in FIG. 1, the laser additive manufacturing device comprises a control computer 1, a continuous laser 2, a laser head 3, a two-way electromagnetic valve 7, a liquid nitrogen tank 8, a mechanical arm 9, a workbench 10, a liquid nitrogen nozzle 11, a powder conveying pipe 14, a protective gas conveying pipe 15, a powder feeder 16 and a synchronous signal generator 19. The continuous laser 2 is connected with the laser head 3 and provides a laser light source for the laser head; be equipped with powder conveyer pipe 14 and protective gas conveyer pipe 15 in laser head 3, powder conveyer pipe 14 is connected with powder feeder 16, protective gas conveyer pipe 15 is connected with argon gas bottle 17 and nitrogen cylinder 18 simultaneously through bi-pass solenoid valve 7, the laser head, laser head 3 is other to be equipped with liquid nitrogen nozzle 11, liquid nitrogen nozzle 11 is connected with liquid nitrogen container 8. The powder feeder 16 feeds metal powder into the laser head through the powder conveying pipe 14, so that coaxial powder feeding in the laser is realized; the two-way electromagnetic valve 7 receives the instruction of the control computer 1, switches and transmits nitrogen or argon in real time according to the processing requirement, and transmits the nitrogen or argon to the molten pool through the protective gas transmission pipe 15. The liquid nitrogen tank 8 is connected with a liquid nitrogen nozzle 11 to convey liquid nitrogen, and the liquid nitrogen nozzle 11 is clamped and fixed by a mechanical arm 9 to realize three-dimensional motion in space. The continuous laser 2, the laser head 3, the two-way electromagnetic valve 7, the mechanical arm 9, the workbench 10, the liquid nitrogen nozzle 11 and the powder feeder 16 are all connected with the control computer 1 and receive instructions sent by the control computer 1. The laser head 3 is positioned above the workbench 10 and is vertical to the workbench 10, the control computer 1 can control the laser head 3 to move up and down in the Z-axis direction, and the control computer 1 can control the workbench 10 to be linked in the XY direction; the liquid nitrogen nozzle 11 is clamped and fixed by the mechanical arm 9, and sprays liquid nitrogen to a specified area in real time according to an instruction of the control computer 1 to realize forced cooling; when preparing the non-reinforced layer, opening an argon bottle 17, and conveying argon into the molten pool through a protective gas conveying pipe 15 to be used as protective gas; when preparing the nitride strengthening deposition layer, the control computer 1 sends an instruction to the two-way electromagnetic valve 7 to switch the protective gas into nitrogen, the liquid nitrogen nozzle 11 and the two-way electromagnetic valve 7 are connected through the synchronous signal generator 19, and the liquid nitrogen nozzle 11 starts to spray liquid nitrogen simultaneously when the two-way electromagnetic valve 7 is switched to output nitrogen. Still install triangular prism 5 in the laser head 3, the both sides correspondence of triangular prism 5 is installed first speculum 6-1 and second mirror 6-2, the laser that continuous laser instrument 2 sent is reflected through third speculum 4 and is given triangular prism 5, triangular prism 5 refracts laser simultaneously and gives first speculum 6-1 with the second mirror 6-2, first speculum 6-1 with the second mirror 6-2 focuses on with the laser reflection on the substrate 12 on the workstation 10.
The laser additive manufacturing device is used for manufacturing titanium alloy. Comprises the following specific steps.
A. Polishing a base material by using sand paper, cleaning, and placing the base material in a specified area of a workbench; the table is moved to a designated position under the laser head.
B. Laser processing technological parameters are set in a control computer, the laser energy power is 1500W, the scanning speed is 1000mm/s, the spot diameter is 2mm, the spot overlapping rate is 50%, and the flow of protective gas is 15L/min. And (3) controlling the manipulator to send the liquid nitrogen nozzle to a specified position beside the laser head, and setting parameters of the nozzle for spraying liquid nitrogen, wherein the gas flow of the liquid nitrogen is 10L/min.
C. And after ball milling treatment is carried out on the additive powder, the additive powder is put into a powder feeder. The powder feeding speed was set at 15 g/min.
D. Establishing a three-dimensional model of the additive component in a control computer, carrying out slicing processing on the three-dimensional model to obtain section profile information of the component, and programming a scanning path program of a laser head and a liquid nitrogen spray head; determining the position of the nitride strengthening deposition layer according to the three-dimensional model of the additive component, calculating a deposition time node of the position, controlling the computer to send instructions to the synchronous signal generator to the two-way electronic valve and the liquid nitrogen nozzle simultaneously according to the time node, switching the protective gas into nitrogen, and simultaneously spraying liquid nitrogen gas by the liquid nitrogen nozzle to perform forced cooling on the nitride strengthening deposition layer.
E. And after the processing of the nitride strengthening deposition layer is finished, the control computer sends the instruction again and restores to the original processing state to continue processing. And the processing is circulated until the preparation of the component is finished.
F. All processing systems are shut down and the components cool themselves.

Claims (5)

1. The laser additive manufacturing device comprises a workbench (10), wherein a laser head (3) is arranged above the workbench (10), and the laser additive manufacturing device is characterized in that a powder conveying pipe (14) and a protective gas conveying pipe (15) are arranged in the laser head (3), the powder conveying pipe (14) is connected with a powder feeder (16), the protective gas conveying pipe (15) is simultaneously connected with an argon gas bottle (17) and a nitrogen gas bottle (18) through a two-way electromagnetic valve (7), the laser head (3) is connected with a continuous laser (2) through a light path, a liquid nitrogen nozzle (11) is arranged beside the laser head (3), and the liquid nitrogen nozzle (11) is connected with a liquid nitrogen tank (8); the liquid nitrogen nozzle (11) is connected with the two-way electromagnetic valve (7) through a synchronous signal generator (19); the liquid nitrogen nozzle (11) is arranged on a mechanical arm (9), and the workbench (10), the synchronous signal generator (19), the powder feeder (16), the continuous laser (2) and the mechanical arm (9) are all connected with a control computer (1); the functions of the control computer (1) are:
s1: the three-dimensional model is used for establishing a three-dimensional model of the workpiece, and the profile information of the workpiece section and the ply information of the member are obtained;
s2: the device is also used for compiling the process parameters of the laser head (3) and the liquid nitrogen nozzle (11), and determining the time node for preparing the non-reinforced layer and the nitride reinforced layer according to the scanning speed and the outline of the workpiece and the position information of the layer sheet;
s3: when preparing the non-reinforced layer, the computer (1) controls the two-way electromagnetic valve (7) to output argon and close the liquid nitrogen nozzle, and when preparing the nitride reinforced layer, the computer (1) controls the two-way electromagnetic valve (7) to switch to output nitrogen and open the liquid nitrogen nozzle (11) and start to spray liquid nitrogen.
2. The laser additive manufacturing device according to claim 1, wherein a triple prism (5) is further installed in the laser head (3), a first reflecting mirror (6-1) and a second reflecting mirror (6-2) are correspondingly installed on two sides of the triple prism (5), laser light emitted by the continuous laser (2) is reflected to the triple prism (5) through a third reflecting mirror (4), the triple prism (5) refracts the laser light to the first reflecting mirror (6-1) and the second reflecting mirror (6-2), and the first reflecting mirror (6-1) and the second reflecting mirror (6-2) reflect and focus the laser light onto the substrate (12) on the workbench (10).
3. A high efficiency laser additive manufacturing method comprising the steps of: s1, selecting a flat metal alloy material as a base material, polishing, cleaning, drying, and placing on the surface of a workbench (10); s2, establishing a three-dimensional model of the workpiece in the control computer (1), slicing the three-dimensional model to obtain the profile information of the workpiece section and the layer information of the component, and programming the process parameters of the laser head (3) and the liquid nitrogen nozzle (11) in the control computer; s3, determining time nodes for preparing a non-reinforced layer and a nitride strong lamination according to the scanning speed and the contour and the position information of a workpiece, programming in a control computer (1), outputting argon and closing a liquid nitrogen nozzle by a two-way electromagnetic valve (7) when the non-reinforced layer is required to be prepared, and switching the two-way electromagnetic valve (7) to output nitrogen and opening the liquid nitrogen nozzle (11) to start to spray liquid nitrogen when the nitride strong lamination is prepared; and after S4 additive component preparation is finished, all the devices are closed.
4. A high efficiency laser additive manufacturing method according to claim 3, wherein in the step S2, the process parameters of the continuous laser (2) connected with the laser head (3) are: the laser power is 600-.
5. The method according to claim 4, wherein the nitrogen gas in the S3 is 40-100% by volume.
CN201811221426.4A 2018-10-19 2018-10-19 Laser additive manufacturing device and method Active CN109317673B (en)

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WO2020220242A1 (en) * 2019-04-30 2020-11-05 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Laminated iron core and manufacturing method therefor
CN110202143B (en) * 2019-06-13 2020-07-03 北京科技大学 3D printing forming method of titanium alloy ring with concave-convex character on surface
CN111283305A (en) * 2019-12-30 2020-06-16 南京理工大学 Liquid nitrogen follow-up cooling additive manufacturing device and method
CN113967744B (en) * 2020-07-22 2023-07-07 中国航发上海商用航空发动机制造有限责任公司 Multifunctional integrated part and preparation method thereof
CN112158814A (en) * 2020-09-30 2021-01-01 中国工程物理研究院化工材料研究所 A chemical formula of FeN4High-temperature high-pressure synthesis method of high-energy metal nitrogen polymer
CN112680590B (en) * 2020-12-21 2022-04-15 北京航空航天大学 Additive manufacturing strengthening device and method based on optical fiber transmission
CN113664337B (en) * 2021-08-20 2023-02-03 中北大学 Magnesium alloy electric arc vibration material disk drive
CN114407372A (en) * 2021-11-24 2022-04-29 国家高速列车青岛技术创新中心 Device and method for improving laser connection strength of metal piece and plastic piece
CN115503352B (en) * 2022-10-27 2023-12-19 飞而康快速制造科技有限责任公司 Printing substrate positioning device

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CN105414746B (en) * 2015-12-30 2017-08-25 哈尔滨工业大学 A kind of connection method manufactured based on laser gain material of synchronous cooling auxiliary
CN107012381B (en) * 2017-05-11 2018-09-14 北京科技大学 A method of improving 3D printing 17-4PH stainless steel yield strengths
CN107225242A (en) * 2017-05-19 2017-10-03 淮阴工学院 The method and implant of 3D printing in-situ authigenic multi-stage nano ceramic phase reinforcing titanium alloy bone implant

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