CN109315795A - A kind of method of enzyme process joint infra-red drying removal walnut kernel pellicle - Google Patents
A kind of method of enzyme process joint infra-red drying removal walnut kernel pellicle Download PDFInfo
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- CN109315795A CN109315795A CN201811422317.9A CN201811422317A CN109315795A CN 109315795 A CN109315795 A CN 109315795A CN 201811422317 A CN201811422317 A CN 201811422317A CN 109315795 A CN109315795 A CN 109315795A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23N—MACHINES OR APPARATUS FOR TREATING HARVESTED FRUIT, VEGETABLES OR FLOWER BULBS IN BULK, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; PEELING VEGETABLES OR FRUIT IN BULK; APPARATUS FOR PREPARING ANIMAL FEEDING- STUFFS
- A23N5/00—Machines for hulling, husking or cracking nuts
- A23N5/002—Machines for hulling, husking or cracking nuts for skinning nut kernels
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- Preparation Of Compounds By Using Micro-Organisms (AREA)
- Coloring Foods And Improving Nutritive Qualities (AREA)
- Preparation Of Fruits And Vegetables (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of methods of enzyme process joint infra-red drying removal walnut kernel pellicle, and walnut kernel is added in immobilized cellulase and is digested, stand-by after filtering；Then walnut kernel is added in protein enzyme solution, adjusts pH value, 55~65 DEG C of heat preservation enzymatic hydrolysis are stand-by after filtering；It pulls walnut kernel out ultrasonic rinsing again, filter epidermis and drains away the water；Then walnut kernel is put into drying box, dries at 50~65 DEG C to moisture and is no more than 8%；Walnut kernel is finally subjected to selection by winnowing, the walnut kernel after must removing the peel.Walnut-meat hulling method provided by the invention, is prepared into immobilised enzymes agent for cellulase, successively reacts with walnut with protease, mutually inhibits so as to avoid 2 kinds of enzymes because of reaction condition difference, improves the hydrolysis efficiency of enzyme to greatest extent, shorten the peeling time；By being handled using immobilization cellulase, the active duration of cellulase is effectively extended, enzyme activity half-life period is extended.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to food primary manufacture field, especially a kind of enzyme process joint infra-red drying removal walnut kernel pellicle
Method.
Background technique
Walnut kernel has one layer of thin skin, is walnut kind skin.Main component in walnut kernel pellicle is cellulose, pectic substance, list
The substances such as peace pigment, in the processing use process of walnut kernel, this layer of kind skin not only influences the mouthfeel, quality and color of walnut
Pool has an effect on the stability of protein in walnut, therefore it is necessary that the kind skin of walnut kernel is removed in process.Tradition
Peeling mode have manual decortication method, boiling water decortication method, baking decortication method and lye dipping method.Manual decortication method removes the peel efficiency
Low, boiling water decortication method and the decortication effect of baking decortication method are unsatisfactory；Lye dipping method is gone when former is more important
Skin means, but can have lye residue problem, and adverse effect will cause to walnut kernel flavor and appearance.
In the prior art, carrying out peeling and corning of fruits using biological enzyme is a kind of emerging manufacturing process, such as Patent No.
2017109798400 patent of invention " mango barking method " selects answering for pectase, cellulase and papain composition
It closes enzymolysis liquid to digest mango, to remove the peel.But due to containing a large amount of protein, kind of Pi Yuhe in walnut kernel
There are larger difference, when peeling, is not needed using pectase for the adhering mode of peach kernel and mango；Using this complex enzyme hydrolysis liquid, by
It is different in the optimum reaction conditions of various enzymes, and papain also has certain hydrolysis to other enzymes, causes it multiple
The decortication effect for closing enzymolysis liquid fails to reach best；In addition, the enzyme activity decaying of this complex enzyme is fast, after the first use just very
Difficult utilization, papain also can persistently be hydrolyzed other enzymes, lead to enzyme activity rapid decay, affect using secondary
Number.
Summary of the invention
In order to promote the activity of various enzymes to the maximum extent, peeling efficiency is improved, improves the recycling and benefit again of enzyme solutions
With, the decaying of enzyme is reduced, the present invention provides a kind of enzyme process to combine the method that infra-red drying removes walnut kernel pellicle, especially by
Following technology is realized, comprising the following steps:
S1, it will go mouldy with kind of a skin walnut kernel cleaning, removal of impurities, rejecting, for use；
S2, walnut kernel obtained by step S1 being added in immobilized cellulase, adjusts pH value, 40~50 DEG C of heat preservations digest,
It is stand-by after filtering；
S3, walnut kernel obtained by step S2 is added in protein enzyme solution, adjusts pH value, 55~65 DEG C of heat preservation enzymatic hydrolysis, filtering
It is stand-by afterwards；
S4, it pulls walnut kernel obtained by step S3 out carry out ultrasonic rinsing, filter epidermis and drains walnut kernel surface moisture；
S5, walnut kernel obtained by step S4 is put into drying box, dries at 50~65 DEG C to moisture and is no more than 8%；
S6, walnut kernel obtained by step S5 is subjected to selection by winnowing, the walnut kernel after must removing the peel；
The immobilized cellulase the preparation method comprises the following steps: firstly, the concentrated sulfuric acid and common magnetic powder is taken constantly to be ground, then
Separately sodium chlorate is taken to be added thereto, continue to mix, magnetic field separates to obtain modified magnetic powder；Then TEOS solution and concentrated hydrochloric acid is taken to mix, then
Modified magnetic powder and ammonium hydroxide is added, drying and grinding after stirring, obtains improved silica magnetic powder rapidly；In improved silica magnetic powder
Silane coupling agent ultrasonic wave dispersion stirring 7h at room temperature is added, is washed repeatedly after the separation of magnetic field with dehydrated alcohol, is added penta 2
Aldehyde solution stir-activating 10h is washed with deionized after the separation of magnetic field again；It is eventually adding cellulase solution, is stirred at room temperature
Fixed 5h is washed with deionized after the separation of magnetic field, obtains immobilized cellulase.
The immobilized cellulase prepared by the above method, stability increases, and after having reacted, is easy in magnetic field point
Easily controllable from recycling and reuse, enzyme activity attenuation degree is slow, can repeated multiple times use；It is readily transported and stores, be conducive to certainly
Dynamic metaplasia produces.By separately reacting immobilized cellulase and protease, it is living to immobilized cellulase to avoid protease
Property influence, so that the activity of two kinds of enzymes is reached maximum, reaction efficiency significantly improves compared with the prior art.
Preferably, in step S2, the pH value of adjustment is 3~6, and the temperature for keeping the temperature enzymatic hydrolysis is 50 DEG C, time 3h.
Preferably, in step S2, the enzyme activity of immobilized cellulase is 50000U/g.
Preferably, in step S3, the pH value of adjustment is 6~7, and the temperature for keeping the temperature enzymatic hydrolysis is 60 DEG C, time 5h.
Preferably, in step S3, the enzyme activity of the protease is 100000U/g.
Preferably, in step S4, rinse temperature is 50~70 DEG C, and ultrasonic frequency is 25~35kHz.
Preferably, in step S5, the drying box is infrared drying oven.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1, cellulase is prepared into immobilised enzymes agent by the above method, is successively reacted in two times with walnut with protease, from
And avoid between 2 kinds of enzymes because reaction condition difference leads to mutual antagonism and inhibition, the hydrolysis of enzyme is improved to the maximum extent
Efficiency shortens the peeling time of walnut kernel；
2, it by being fixed to cellulase using nanometer titanium dioxide silica magnetic particle, effectively extends the active of cellulase and holds
The continuous time, the half-life period of enzymatic activity is extended, the access times of enzyme are increased.
Detailed description of the invention
Attached drawing 1 is that the immobilized cellulase of embodiment 1 and the general fibre element enzyme of comparative example 3 measure enzyme activity respectively
The result that power is 5 times.
Specific embodiment
Technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below, it is clear that described embodiment is only
A part of the embodiment of the present invention, instead of all the embodiments.Based on the embodiments of the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art
All other embodiment obtained, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention under the conditions of not making creative work.
In following embodiment or comparative example, immobilized cellulase the preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) concentrated sulfuric acid and common magnetic powder for taking 98% are constantly ground by volume/weight ratio 0.35mL/g, then separately take chlorine
Sour sodium is added thereto, and continues to mix, and magnetic field separates to obtain modified magnetic powder；
(2) 5mLTEOS is dissolved in 10mL acetone, 0.15mL concentrated hydrochloric acid and 0.4mL deionized water is added, 65 DEG C are lauched
Bath stirring, when volume is gradually decreased to 2.5mL through that can send out, the ethyl alcohol for being added 95% is settled to 10mL；It takes in modified magnetic powder and is added
Above-mentioned solution, 3mL ammonium hydroxide is added in property again, stirs rapidly, and the drying and grinding under 50 DEG C of vacuum condition obtains modified titanium dioxide
Silica magnetic particle；
(3) it takes 1g improved silica magnetic powder ultrasonic disperse in 95% ethyl alcohol of 150mL, 4mL silane coupling agent is added
Ultrasonic wave dispersion stirring 7h at room temperature is washed after the separation of magnetic field with dehydrated alcohol repeatedly；5% glutaraldehyde solution stirring is added
10h is activated, is washed with deionized after the separation of magnetic field again；
(4) cellulase solution of 10mL is added, fixed 5h is stirred at room temperature, is washed with deionized, obtains after the separation of magnetic field
To immobilized cellulase.
Embodiment 1
The method of the enzyme process joint infra-red drying removal walnut kernel pellicle of the present embodiment, using following steps:
S1, it will go mouldy with kind of a skin walnut kernel cleaning, removal of impurities, rejecting, for use；
S2, walnut kernel obtained by step S1 is added in immobilized cellulase solution, adjustment pH value is 4.5, and makes to fix
The enzyme activity of cellulose enzyme is 50000U/g, and 45 DEG C of heat preservations digest 3h, stand-by after filtering；
S3, walnut kernel obtained by step S2 is added in protein enzyme solution, adjustment pH value is 6.5, and makes the enzyme activity of protease
For 100000U/g, 60 DEG C of heat preservations digest 5h, stand-by after filtering；
S4, walnut kernel obtained by step S3 is pulled to carry out ultrasonic rinsing out, rinse temperature is 65 DEG C, and ultrasonic frequency is
30kHz filters epidermis and drains walnut kernel surface moisture；
S5, walnut kernel obtained by step S4 is put into infrared drying oven, dries at 60 DEG C to moisture and is no more than 8%；
S6, walnut kernel obtained by step S5 is subjected to selection by winnowing, the walnut kernel after must removing the peel.
Embodiment 2
The method of the enzyme process joint infra-red drying removal walnut kernel pellicle of the present embodiment, using following steps:
S1, it will go mouldy with kind of a skin walnut kernel cleaning, removal of impurities, rejecting, for use；
S2, walnut kernel obtained by step S1 is added in immobilized cellulase solution, adjustment pH value is 4.5, and makes to fix
The enzyme activity of cellulose enzyme is 50000U/g, and 40 DEG C of heat preservations digest 3h, stand-by after filtering；
S3, walnut kernel obtained by step S2 is added in protein enzyme solution, adjustment pH value is 6.5, and makes the enzyme activity of protease
For 100000U/g, 55 DEG C of heat preservations digest 5h, stand-by after filtering；
S4, walnut kernel obtained by step S3 is pulled to carry out ultrasonic rinsing out, rinse temperature is 65 DEG C, and ultrasonic frequency is
30kHz filters epidermis and drains walnut kernel surface moisture；
S5, walnut kernel obtained by step S4 is put into infrared drying oven, dries at 60 DEG C to moisture and is no more than 8%；
S6, walnut kernel obtained by step S5 is subjected to selection by winnowing, the walnut kernel after must removing the peel.
Embodiment 3
The method of the enzyme process joint infra-red drying removal walnut kernel pellicle of the present embodiment, using following steps:
S1, it will go mouldy with kind of a skin walnut kernel cleaning, removal of impurities, rejecting, for use；
S2, walnut kernel obtained by step S1 is added in immobilized cellulase, adjustment pH value is 4.5, and makes fixed chemical fibre
The enzyme activity for tieing up plain enzyme is 50000U/g, and 50 DEG C of heat preservations digest 3h, stand-by after filtering；
S3, walnut kernel obtained by step S2 is added in protein enzyme solution, adjustment pH value is 6.5, and makes the enzyme activity of protease
For 100000U/g, 65 DEG C of heat preservations digest 5h, stand-by after filtering；
S4, walnut kernel obtained by step S3 is pulled to carry out ultrasonic rinsing out, rinse temperature is 65 DEG C, and ultrasonic frequency is
30kHz filters epidermis and drains walnut kernel surface moisture；
S5, walnut kernel obtained by step S4 is put into infrared drying oven, dries at 60 DEG C to moisture and is no more than 8%；
S6, walnut kernel obtained by step S5 is subjected to selection by winnowing, the walnut kernel after must removing the peel.
Comparative example 1
The method of the enzyme process joint infra-red drying removal walnut kernel pellicle of this comparative example, using following steps:
S1, it will go mouldy with kind of a skin walnut kernel cleaning, removal of impurities, rejecting, for use；
S2, walnut kernel obtained by step S1 is added in immobilized cellulase solution, adjustment pH value is 4.5, and makes to fix
The enzyme activity of cellulose enzyme is 50000U/g, and 35 DEG C of heat preservations digest 3h, stand-by after filtering；
S3, walnut kernel obtained by step S2 is added in protein enzyme solution, adjustment pH value is 6.5, and makes the enzyme activity of protease
For 100000U/g, 50 DEG C of heat preservations digest 5h, stand-by after filtering；
S4, walnut kernel obtained by step S3 is pulled to carry out ultrasonic rinsing out, rinse temperature is 65 DEG C, and ultrasonic frequency is
30kHz filters epidermis and drains walnut kernel surface moisture；
S5, walnut kernel obtained by step S4 is put into infrared drying oven, dries at 60 DEG C to moisture and is no more than 8%；
S6, walnut kernel obtained by step S5 is subjected to selection by winnowing, the walnut kernel after must removing the peel.
Comparative example 2
The method of the enzyme process joint infra-red drying removal walnut kernel pellicle of this comparative example, using following steps:
S1, it will go mouldy with kind of a skin walnut kernel cleaning, removal of impurities, rejecting, for use；
S2, walnut kernel obtained by step S1 is added in immobilized cellulase, adjustment pH value is 4.5, and makes fixed chemical fibre
The enzyme activity for tieing up plain enzyme is 50000U/g, and 55 DEG C of heat preservations digest 3h, stand-by after filtering；
S3, walnut kernel obtained by step S2 is added in protein enzyme solution, adjustment pH value is 6.5, and makes the enzyme activity of protease
For 100000U/g, 70 DEG C of heat preservations digest 5h, stand-by after filtering；
S4, walnut kernel obtained by step S3 is pulled to carry out ultrasonic rinsing out, rinse temperature is 65 DEG C, and ultrasonic frequency is
30kHz filters epidermis and drains walnut kernel surface moisture；
S5, walnut kernel obtained by step S4 is put into infrared drying oven, dries at 60 DEG C to moisture and is no more than 8%；
S6, walnut kernel obtained by step S5 is subjected to selection by winnowing, the walnut kernel after must removing the peel.
Comparative example 3
The method of the enzyme process joint infra-red drying removal walnut kernel pellicle of this comparative example, using following steps:
S1, it will go mouldy with kind of a skin walnut kernel cleaning, removal of impurities, rejecting, for use；
S2, walnut kernel obtained by step S1 is added in general fibre element enzyme solutions, adjustment pH value is 4.5, and makes immobilization
The enzyme activity of cellulase is 50000U/g, and 55 DEG C of heat preservations digest 3h, stand-by after filtering；
S3, walnut kernel obtained by step S2 is added in protein enzyme solution, adjustment pH value is 6.5, and makes the enzyme activity of protease
For 100000U/g, 70 DEG C of heat preservations digest 5h, stand-by after filtering；
S4, walnut kernel obtained by step S3 is pulled to carry out ultrasonic rinsing out, rinse temperature is 65 DEG C, and ultrasonic frequency is
30kHz filters epidermis and drains walnut kernel surface moisture；
S5, walnut kernel obtained by step S4 is put into infrared drying oven, dries at 60 DEG C to moisture and is no more than 8%；
S6, walnut kernel obtained by step S5 is subjected to selection by winnowing, the walnut kernel after must removing the peel.
Comparative example 4
The method of the enzyme process joint infra-red drying removal walnut kernel pellicle of this comparative example, using following steps:
S1, it will go mouldy with kind of a skin walnut kernel cleaning, removal of impurities, rejecting, for use；
S2, walnut kernel obtained by step S1 is added to general fibre element enzyme, in protein enzyme solution, adjustment pH value is 7, and makes fibre
The enzyme activity for tieing up plain enzyme is 50000U/g, and the enzyme activity of protease is 100000U/g, digests 3h in 55 DEG C of heat preservations, stand-by after filtering；
S3, walnut kernel obtained by step S2 is pulled to carry out ultrasonic rinsing out, rinse temperature is 65 DEG C, and ultrasonic frequency is
30kHz filters epidermis and drains walnut kernel surface moisture；
S4, walnut kernel obtained by step S3 is put into infrared drying oven, dries at 60 DEG C to moisture and is no more than 8%；
S5, walnut kernel obtained by step S4 is subjected to selection by winnowing, the walnut kernel after must removing the peel.
Application examples 1: using Examples 1 to 3 and the method for comparative example 1~4 to the effect assessment of walnut-meat hulling
The decortication effect of the barking walnut kernel obtained respectively to the method using Examples 1 to 3 and comparative example 1~4 carries out
Evaluation, as a result as shown in table 1 below.
Sensory evaluation after 1 walnut-meat hulling of table
As shown in Table 1, using the barking method of Examples 1 to 3, barking walnut kernel sensory evaluation obtained is best；Pass through
Comparative example 1, comparative example 3, comparative example 4 are not so good as using the sense organ of barking walnut kernel made from general fibre element enzyme using solid
Determine cellulose enzyme；Cellulase, protease are dissolved in the mode of direct hydrolysis peeling together, since protease is to other two kinds
The hydrolysis inhibiting effect of enzyme, causes decortication effect undesirable, sensory evaluation is not high.
Application examples 2: the operational stability of the general fibre element enzyme of the immobilized cellulase and comparative example 3 of embodiment 1
Measurement
The general fibre element enzyme of immobilized cellulase and comparative example 3 to embodiment 1 measures enzyme activity 5 times respectively,
As a result as shown in Fig. 1, the work of the general fibre element enzyme of the enzymatic activity and embodiment 3 of the immobilized cellulase of embodiment 1
Property slowly declines, and the downward trend of immobilized cellulase is significantly less than general fibre element enzyme.This explanation, by fiber
Plain enzyme immobilizatio processing, enables the activity of enzyme to keep higher level in the longer time, keeps the peeling process of walnut kernel higher
Effect.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of method of enzyme process joint infra-red drying removal walnut kernel pellicle, which comprises the following steps:
S1, it will go mouldy with kind of a skin walnut kernel cleaning, removal of impurities, rejecting, for use；
S2, walnut kernel obtained by step S1 is added in immobilized cellulase, adjusts pH value, 40~50 DEG C of heat preservation enzymatic hydrolysis, filtering
It is stand-by afterwards；
S3, walnut kernel obtained by step S2 is added in protein enzyme solution, adjusts pH value, 55~65 DEG C of heat preservations digest, after filtering to
With；
S4, it pulls walnut kernel obtained by step S3 out carry out ultrasonic rinsing, filter epidermis and drains walnut kernel surface moisture；
S5, walnut kernel obtained by step S4 is put into drying box, dries at 50~65 DEG C to moisture and is no more than 8%；
S6, walnut kernel obtained by step S5 is subjected to selection by winnowing, the walnut kernel after must removing the peel；
The immobilized cellulase the preparation method comprises the following steps: firstly, the concentrated sulfuric acid and common magnetic powder is taken constantly to be ground, then separately take
Sodium chlorate is added thereto, and continues to mix, and magnetic field separates to obtain modified magnetic powder；Then it takes TEOS solution and concentrated hydrochloric acid to mix, adds
Modified magnetic powder and ammonium hydroxide, drying and grinding after stirring, obtains improved silica magnetic powder rapidly；It is added in improved silica magnetic powder
Silane coupling agent at room temperature washed after separating with dehydrated alcohol repeatedly by ultrasonic wave dispersion stirring 7h, magnetic field, and it is molten that glutaraldehyde is added
Liquid stir-activating 10h is washed with deionized after the separation of magnetic field again；It is eventually adding cellulase solution, fixation is stirred at room temperature
5h is washed with deionized after the separation of magnetic field, obtains immobilized cellulase.
2. the method for enzyme process joint infra-red drying removal walnut kernel pellicle according to claim 1, which is characterized in that step
In S2, the pH value of adjustment is 3~6, and the temperature for keeping the temperature enzymatic hydrolysis is 50 DEG C, time 3h.
3. the method for enzyme process joint infra-red drying removal walnut kernel pellicle according to claim 1, which is characterized in that step
In S2, the enzyme activity of immobilized cellulase is 50000U/g.
4. the method for enzyme process joint infra-red drying removal walnut kernel pellicle according to claim 1, which is characterized in that step
In S3, the pH value of adjustment is 6~7, and the temperature for keeping the temperature enzymatic hydrolysis is 60 DEG C, time 5h.
5. the method for enzyme process joint infra-red drying removal walnut kernel pellicle according to claim 1, which is characterized in that step
In S3, the enzyme activity of the protease is 100000U/g.
6. the method for enzyme process joint infra-red drying removal walnut kernel pellicle according to claim 1, which is characterized in that step
In S4, rinse temperature is 50~70 DEG C, and ultrasonic frequency is 25~35kHz.
7. the method for enzyme process joint infra-red drying removal walnut kernel pellicle according to claim 1, which is characterized in that step
In S5, the drying box is infrared drying oven.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN116042306A (en) * | 2023-04-03 | 2023-05-02 | 北京亚林佳农生物科学研究院 | Preparation method of pecan oil and pecan protein beverage |
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| CN102511901A (en) * | 2011-12-29 | 2012-06-27 | 江南大学 | Method for removing Chinese chestnut endothelium by enzyme method |
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| CN104046506A (en) * | 2013-03-12 | 2014-09-17 | 长沙理工大学 | Technology for removing seed coat from camellia seed by employing biological enzyme method |
| CN105310044A (en) * | 2015-11-04 | 2016-02-10 | 邵素英 | Low-yanide semen armeniacae amarum and preparation method thereof |
| CN107418949A (en) * | 2017-07-31 | 2017-12-01 | 苏州凯邦生物技术有限公司 | A kind of carrier material fixed for cellulase and preparation method thereof |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4738860A (en) * | 1986-09-18 | 1988-04-19 | Penutech | Process for removing skins from shelled walnuts |
| CN101613694A (en) * | 2009-05-31 | 2009-12-30 | 华东理工大学 | A kind of magnetic/functionalized SiO 2 composite microsphere immobilized enzyme and preparation method thereof |
| CN102511901A (en) * | 2011-12-29 | 2012-06-27 | 江南大学 | Method for removing Chinese chestnut endothelium by enzyme method |
| CN102972850A (en) * | 2012-11-30 | 2013-03-20 | 北京联合大学 | Biophysical method for removing endopleura of walnut |
| CN104046506A (en) * | 2013-03-12 | 2014-09-17 | 长沙理工大学 | Technology for removing seed coat from camellia seed by employing biological enzyme method |
| CN103397015A (en) * | 2013-08-15 | 2013-11-20 | 山东师范大学 | Method for preparing magnetically regenerable immobilized bio-enzyme |
| CN105310044A (en) * | 2015-11-04 | 2016-02-10 | 邵素英 | Low-yanide semen armeniacae amarum and preparation method thereof |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN116042306A (en) * | 2023-04-03 | 2023-05-02 | 北京亚林佳农生物科学研究院 | Preparation method of pecan oil and pecan protein beverage |
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