CN109310950A - 包括催化材料的滤袋组件 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种用于清洁工艺气体的滤袋组件，包括外滤袋和和独立布置在外滤袋内的一个或多个内滤袋，并且所述一个或多个内滤袋也彼此独立地布置，该一个或多个内滤袋和外滤袋设置有催化活性材料。
Description
本发明涉及一种滤袋组件，其包括多个同轴布置在外滤袋内的织物滤袋。更具体地，本发明提供了一种用于去除工艺气体中的灰尘和颗粒物质的滤袋组件，其包括外滤袋，并且在外滤袋内，一个或多个内滤袋彼此独立地设置在外滤袋内。至少一个滤袋是催化滤袋，其用于除去工艺气体中含有的有害组分。滤袋组件在来自涉及燃烧的工业过程如矿物和水泥的生产、废物焚烧或来自燃煤锅炉的工艺气体或原料气体的清洁中特别有用。
滤袋形式的织物过滤器广泛用于许多工业中，以从工艺气体中除去颗粒物质。它们是可用的最有效的集尘器类型之一，并且可以实现大于99％的颗粒收集效率。袋可以由各种织造或毡合材料或其混合物(包括天然纤维、合成纤维或其他纤维，例如玻璃、陶瓷或金属纤维)制成。
织物过滤器的高的颗粒去除效率部分地是由于滤袋表面形成的尘饼，部分地是由于滤袋的组成和生产质量以及织物过滤器结构本身的质量。织物提供表面，灰尘颗粒在该表面上聚集。由于构成滤袋的纤维的组成，它们通常在低于250℃的温度下操作。
含颗粒的工艺气体非常经常含有多种污染物，例如NOx、挥发性有机化合物(VOC)、SO2、CO、Hg、NH3、二英和呋喃，其浓度必须根据当地法规进行降低。为此目的，可以使用几种常规方法。在所有情况下，必须在织物滤袋的上/下游安装和操作另外的装置。
通过与催化剂接触可以有效地减少气态污染物如NOx、VOC、二英和呋喃。特别地，基于钒氧化物的SCR催化剂是用于NOx还原的常用催化剂，其在固定应用和汽车应用中用NH3选择性还原NOx。
本发明的总的目的是通过织物滤袋组件产品将灰尘和颗粒物质的机械去除与气态污染物的催化去除组合在一起，这些物质均包含在工业工艺气体中。
为了有效地减少一氧化碳和所选择的VOC(例如丙烷、乙烯)，催化体系需要包括铂族金属。根据以下描述中进一步讨论的原因，钯是优选的铂族金属。
仅在待清洁的气体中存在还原剂时，SCR催化剂才起作用。最常见的还原剂是以其本身或以作为其前体的尿素或氯化铵引入至气体中的氨。
当钯催化剂上的氨浓度高于某一限度时，问题就出现了，NH3使钯催化剂失活。因此，布置在钯催化剂上游的SCR催化剂必须通过已知的与NOx的SCR反应将氨去除至小于10体积ppm的浓度，以防止钯催化剂的失活。
然而，这仅在SCR催化剂是活性的温度范围(温度T>190℃)内对于基于钒氧化物的SCR催化剂才是可能的。
这对于具有催化的织物滤袋的过滤室而言，在关机期间和在具有较低温度的期间是一个问题。
通过布置低温SCR催化剂可以有效地解决上述问题，该低温SCR催化剂包含负载在氧化钛上的锰、铈和铁的至少一种氧化物。这种SCR催化剂在远低于190℃的温度，例如130℃下仍具有足够的催化活性，如图1所示。因此，可以在较低温度下除去或充分减少从SCR催化剂逸出的氨并保护下游的钯不失活。此外，当采用低温和高温的组合时，基于钒氧化物的SCR催化剂有利地增加了SCR工艺的总体温度范围。
因此，本发明提供一种用于清洁工艺气体的滤袋组件，包括外滤袋和至少第一和第二内滤袋，第一内袋被布置在外滤袋内，第二内袋被布置在第一内袋内，至少第一和第二内滤袋和外滤袋具有开口端和封闭端，其中第一内袋用第一SCR催化剂组合物催化，该第一SCR催化剂组合物包含负载在氧化钛上的锰、铁和铈的氧化物中的至少一种；并且其中第二内袋用第二催化剂组合物进行催化，该第二催化剂组合物包含金属形式和/或氧化形式的钯。
如上文所述，当将第一低温催化剂(LT-SCR)与施加在第一内袋上的第一催化剂中包含的高温SCR基于钒氧化物的SCR催化剂(V-SCR)组合时，滤袋组件中的SCR工艺的温度范围大大增加，如图1所示。
因此，在本发明的一个优选实施方案中，第一SCR催化剂组合物还包含钒氧化物和氧化钛。
该实施方案的另一个优点是当使氮氧化物与氨在低温第一催化剂组合物存在下反应时，减少或不形成笑气(N2O)，该第一催化剂组合物包含负载在氧化钛上的锰、铁和铈的氧化物中的至少一种并且还包含钒氧化物和氧化钛。
可替代地，或者与上述优选实施方案相组合，可以优选的是，包含金属形式和/或氧化形式的钯的第二催化剂组合物还包含钒氧化物和氧化钛。
由于以下原因，该催化剂组合物是优选的。Pd/V/Ti催化剂具有：i)双重功能(去除NOx和去除VOC，即挥发性有机化合物)；ii)S耐性(S-tolerance)；和iii)与其它催化剂组合物例如基于Pt的催化剂相比更低的SO2氧化活性。
此外，当采用Pd/V/Ti催化剂时，催化的滤袋是耐硫的，即不发生硫失活。Pd/V/Ti催化剂还减少了通过SO2氧化形成的SO3的量。如果进入滤袋组件的工艺气体中还存在H2S，则它将在V/Ti和Pd/V/Ti催化剂上被氧化成SO2。
在单独或与上述实施方案组合的本发明的另一个实施方案中，外滤袋用第三催化剂组合物进行催化，该第三催化剂组合物不含钯且含有钒氧化物和氧化钛。
在本发明的另一个实施方案中，第一催化剂组合物包含负载在氧化钛上的锰、铁和铈的氧化物的混合物。
第一、第二和第三催化剂组合物中的至少一种可以进一步包含钨和/或钼的氧化物。
该实施方案的优点在于氧化钨和/或氧化钼的稳定作用以及还在于改善的SCR活性。
在此之前和在下面的说明书和所附权利要求中使用的术语“外袋”是指工艺气体首先通过的滤袋，术语“内袋”是指工艺气体在通过外袋后随后通过的滤袋。
术语“钒氧化物”或“氧化钒”是指：
氧化钒(II)(一氧化钒)，VO；或者
氧化钒(III)(三氧化二钒或三氧化钒)，V2O3；或者
氧化钒(IV)(二氧化钒)，VO2；或者
氧化钒(V)(五氧化二钒)，V2O5。
优选地，用于本发明的氧化钒包含氧化钒(V)(五氧化二钒)，V2O5，或由其组成。
术语“氧化钛”是指二氧化钛(TiO2)。
外部和后续系列的内滤袋由适合于不同工艺条件的多孔过滤介质材料制成。将袋材料缝合或焊接成滤袋。
优选地，外滤袋和一个或多个内滤袋由单独的有机或无机纤维的织造织物或针刺毡制成。
催化活性材料被负载在织造织物或针刺毡上。
用于例如水泥窑应用的最常见的滤袋材料是玻璃纤维材料，任选在面向工艺气体的该外袋的外侧上具有薄的聚合物膜。
聚合物膜优选由聚四氟乙烯制成。
该膜保护催化剂免受颗粒物质中所含有的催化剂毒物的污染。
Claims (11)
1.一种用于清洁工艺气体的滤袋组件，包括外滤袋和至少第一和第二内滤袋，第一内袋被布置在外滤袋内，第二内袋被布置在第一内袋内，至少第一和第二内滤袋和外滤袋具有开口端和封闭端，其中第一内袋用第一SCR催化剂组合物催化，所述第一SCR催化剂组合物包含负载在氧化钛上的锰、铁和铈的氧化物中的至少一种；并且其中第二内袋用第二催化剂组合物进行催化，所述第二催化剂组合物包含金属形式和/或氧化形式的钯。
2.根据权利要求1所述的滤袋组件，其中第一SCR催化剂组合物还包含钒氧化物和氧化钛。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的滤袋组件，其中第二催化剂组合物还包含钒氧化物和氧化钛。
4.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的滤袋组件，其中外滤袋用第三催化剂组合物进行催化，所述第三催化剂组合物不含钯且含有钒氧化物和氧化钛。
5.根据权利要求2至4中任一项所述的滤袋组件，其中钒氧化物包含氧化钒(V)。
6.根据权利要求1至5中任一项所述的滤袋组件，其中外滤袋和至少第一和第二滤袋由单独的有机或无机纤维的织造织物或针刺毡制成。
7.根据权利要求6所述的滤袋组件，其中所述有机或无机纤维包含玻璃纤维材料。
8.根据权利要求1至7中任一项所述的滤袋组件，其中外管在面向工艺气体的外袋的外侧上设置有聚合物膜。
9.根据权利要求8所述的滤袋组件，其中聚合物膜由聚四氟乙烯构成。
10.根据权利要求1至9中任一项所述的滤袋组件，其中第一、和/或第二催化剂和/或第三催化剂组合物还包含钨的氧化物和钼的氧化物中的至少一种。
11.根据权利要求1至10中任一项所述的滤袋组件，其中第一催化剂组合物包含负载在氧化钛上的锰、铁和铈的氧化物的混合物。
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| WO2020245243A1 (en) * | 2019-06-07 | 2020-12-10 | Haldor Topsøe A/S | A method for ozone-assisted dioxin removal |
| FI20226146A1 (en) | 2022-12-21 | 2024-06-22 | Andritz Oy | Procedure for reducing emissions from a recovery boiler |
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