CN109307628B - Mud film shear strength test instrument and mud film shear strength measurement method thereof - Google Patents
Mud film shear strength test instrument and mud film shear strength measurement method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN109307628B CN109307628B CN201811150128.0A CN201811150128A CN109307628B CN 109307628 B CN109307628 B CN 109307628B CN 201811150128 A CN201811150128 A CN 201811150128A CN 109307628 B CN109307628 B CN 109307628B
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- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 57
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 title description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 85
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/24—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady shearing forces
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/08—Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface area of porous materials
- G01N15/082—Investigating permeability by forcing a fluid through a sample
- G01N15/0826—Investigating permeability by forcing a fluid through a sample and measuring fluid flow rate, i.e. permeation rate or pressure change
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0014—Type of force applied
- G01N2203/0025—Shearing
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/003—Generation of the force
- G01N2203/0042—Pneumatic or hydraulic means
- G01N2203/0044—Pneumatic means
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- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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- Investigating Strength Of Materials By Application Of Mechanical Stress (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses a mud film shear strength test instrument and a method for measuring mud film shear strength, wherein the instrument comprises an air pressurizing module, a mud film sample shearing module, a pressure monitoring sensor and a water yield monitoring module. The mud film sample shearing module consists of an upper end cover, a lower base, a ring-shaped sealing gasket, a mud film test ring cutter, a sample ring-shaped support and a fixing rod. The mud film sample is placed on the sample annular support, the upper layer surface of the sample is pressurized by the air pressurizing device to realize the pressure difference between the upper layer surface and the lower layer surface of the mud film sample, and the shearing action is formed on the inner wall of the sample annular support. The water yield monitoring module consists of a water adding funnel, a water yield measuring cylinder, a beaker, a balance scale and the like, and calculates the displacement of the shearing mud film through the water head change in the water yield measuring cylinder or the water filtering amount in the beaker. The invention has convenient and simple use, and can effectively measure the load-displacement relation of the mud film and determine the shear strength value and the maximum air-closing pressure of the mud film.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a mud film shear strength test instrument and a method for measuring the mud film shear strength, in particular to a mud seepage stratum film shear strength test instrument in a mud balance shield used in urban subways, river crossing tunnels and the like.
Background
Compared with the earth pressure balance shield, the earth pressure balance shield is more suitable for complex geological environments, such as high water level stratum, strong permeable sand and pebble stratum and the like. The mud property in the mud sump and the pressure setting of the mud sump are important control factors for maintaining the stability of the excavation surface of the mud shield. Therefore, it is important to prepare mud with strong geological adaptability and form a high-quality mud film.
The traditional slurry preparation only considers the specific gravity, viscosity, fluid loss and other parameters of the slurry, but rarely considers the permeability characteristics of the slurry to the stratum, so that the permeability effect of the slurry to the stratum is not ideal. Poor adaptability of mud to geological conditions often indicates that the mud cannot penetrate into the stratum or the penetration loss is too large, and the formed mud skin is too thin and too low in strength to maintain stability of an excavated surface. Thus, the permeability characteristics of the mud to the formation must be an important control factor in assessing the geological suitability of the mud.
At present, several domestic scientific research institutions such as universities of river and sea, southwest traffic universities and the like can develop a mud-to-stratum permeability test, but the description of the test result is limited to the appearance description of the mud film, or a graduated scale is adopted to measure the thickness of the mud film, the mechanical property of the mud film is not tested, and the film forming quality cannot be evaluated through the mechanical property of the mud film. But the mechanical property of the mud film has great influence on effectively transmitting the pressure of the mud bin, enhancing the strength of the excavation surface and maintaining the stability of the excavation surface. Because the mud membrane formed by the mud penetrating the stratum is not high in strength and is easy to generate disturbance deformation to influence the mechanical property of the mud membrane, a mud membrane sample which is not disturbed is obtained, and a mud membrane shear strength test instrument with reasonable design is necessary.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problem that the shear strength of the mud penetrating into the stratum film cannot be effectively measured, the invention provides a mud film shear strength test instrument which has the advantages of small disturbance to the mud film, convenience in test, accuracy, reliability, strong applicability and the like, and can effectively monitor the load-deformation curve of the mud film and acquire the shear strength value. Meanwhile, the maximum air-tight pressure of the mud film can be effectively measured.
In order to realize the functions of effectively measuring the shear strength and the air-closing pressure of the mud film, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: a mud film shear strength test instrument comprises a main body frame structure consisting of an upper end cover, a lower base and a mud film test ring cutter which is pressed between the upper end cover and the lower base through a plurality of fixing rods; a sample annular support is arranged in the middle of the lower base, a mud film sample is cut in the inner cavity of the mud film test ring cutter, and the lower part of the mud film test ring cutter is sleeved on the outer circular surface of the sample annular support, so that the mud film sample is located on the surface of the sample annular support; an air pressurizing instrument for pressurizing the inner cavity of the upper part of the mud film test ring cutter and a pressure sensor for measuring the pressure in the inner cavity of the upper part of the mud film test ring cutter are respectively arranged on the upper end cover; the central part of the lower base is connected with a water outlet measuring cylinder through a pipeline; the upper end of the water outlet measuring cylinder is communicated with a water adding funnel and a beaker through a pipeline provided with a valve; the beaker was placed on a balance scale.
Furthermore, the middle part of the lower base is provided with a groove, and permeable stones are placed in the groove;
furthermore, the surface area of the permeable stone is larger than the cross-sectional area of the inner cavity of the sample annular support.
Furthermore, the upper edge surface and the lower edge surface of the mud film test ring cutter, and the upper end cover and the lower base are respectively provided with a ring-shaped sealing gasket.
Furthermore, the overall height of the water outlet measuring cylinder is higher than that of the lower base.
Furthermore, the height of the water outlet of the pipeline communicated between the water outlet measuring cylinder and the beaker is larger than the integral height of the annular support of the sample.
The method for measuring the shear strength of the mud film by using the mud film shear strength test instrument comprises the following steps of:
A. Cutting a mud film sample by using a mud film sample circular cutting device, and cutting the lower layer of the mud film sample by using a soil cutting knife;
B. Sequentially placing a permeable stone, a sample annular support and a ring-shaped sealing gasket on the lower base, and sleeving the lower part of a mud film test ring cutter for cutting a mud film sample on the sample annular support;
C. connecting an air pressurizing instrument and a pressure sensor to the upper end cover;
D. attaching the ring-shaped sealing gasket to the upper edge surface of the mud film test ring cutter, and placing the upper end cover on the ring-shaped sealing gasket; then a fixing rod is inserted, nuts at two ends are screwed, and the upper end cover, the lower base and the mud film test ring cutter are fully pressed and sealed;
E. Adding water to the lower layer of the mud film sample through a water adding funnel until a certain scale value is reached in the water outlet measuring cylinder; or adding water to the lower layer of the mud film sample through a water adding funnel until water flows out of the bent pipe to the beaker;
F. slowly pressurizing the upper layer surface of the mud film sample at a certain speed by an air pressurizing device, observing the water head change in the water outlet measuring cylinder, generating bubbles, and recording the maximum value of the water head; or observing the generation condition of bubbles by weighing the weight change of the beaker, and recording the water filtering quantity;
G. And recording the deformation of the mud film sample calculated by the pressure sensor, the water outlet measuring cylinder and the beaker, drawing a load-deformation curve, and determining the shear strength and the gas-blocking property of the mud film.
Specifically, the method comprises the following steps: the invention relates to a mud film shear strength test instrument which comprises an air pressurization module, a mud film sample shearing module, a pressure monitoring sensor, a water yield monitoring module and the like. The mud film sample shearing module can be divided into a main body frame structure and a test object, wherein the main body frame structure consists of an upper end cover, a lower base, a ring-shaped sealing gasket and a fixing rod, and the test object directly utilizes a test ring cutter of the mud film sample ring cutting instrument to cut the mud film, so that secondary disturbance on the mud film is avoided; the water yield monitoring module consists of a water adding funnel, a water yield measuring cylinder, a beaker and a balance scale. The water adding funnel is used for adding water to the lower layer of the mud film sample. The side surface of the water outlet measuring cylinder is marked with scales to monitor the water head change.
Before the test, water permeable stone, a sample annular support, a ring-shaped sealing gasket, a mud film test ring cutter, a mud film sample and an upper end cover are sequentially placed on a lower base, the upper end cover is connected to an air pressurizing instrument and a pressure sensor, a water outlet measuring cylinder and a water adding funnel are connected to the lower base, and water is added to the lower layer surface of the mud film through the water adding funnel to a certain water head. In the test process, the upper layer surface of the mud film is slowly pressurized by an air pressurizing instrument, so that the pressure difference between the upper layer surface and the lower layer surface of the mud film is realized, and the shearing action of the inner wall of the annular support of the sample on the mud film is realized. Observing the water head change of the water measuring cylinder or the water filtering amount change in the beaker.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: the mud film shear strength test equipment disclosed by the invention is simple in structure, definite in function, and capable of effectively measuring the shear strength and the air-tightness of the mud film, and is used for evaluating the adaptability of mud to various stratum conditions.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a mud film shear strength test apparatus of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and the description of the apparatus structure:
As shown in fig. 1, the mud film shear strength test apparatus of the present invention comprises a main body frame structure composed of an upper end cap 1, a lower base 5, and a mud film test ring cutter 3 (which is substantially a cylinder) press-fitted between the upper end cap and the lower base through a plurality of fixing rods 4; a sample annular support 6 is arranged in the middle of the upper surface of the lower base 5, a mud film sample 14 is cut in the inner cavity of the mud film test ring cutter 3, and the lower part of the mud film test ring cutter is sleeved on the outer circular surface of the sample annular support 6, so that the mud film sample 14 is located on the surface of the sample annular support 6; an air pressurizing instrument 9 for pressurizing the upper inner cavity of the mud film test ring cutter and a pressure sensor 8 for measuring the pressure in the upper inner cavity of the mud film test ring cutter are respectively arranged on the upper end cover 1; the central part of the lower surface of the lower base 5 is connected with a water outlet measuring cylinder 10 through a pipeline; the wall of the water outlet measuring cylinder 10 is provided with scales, and the upper ends of the water outlet measuring cylinders 10 are communicated with a water adding funnel 13 and a beaker 12 through pipelines provided with valves 11; the beaker 12 is placed on a balance 15.
Preferably, in this embodiment, a groove is formed in the middle of the upper surface of the lower base 5, and a permeable stone 7 is placed in the groove; the surface area of the permeable stone 7 is larger than the inner cavity cross-sectional area of the sample annular support 6.
Preferably, a ring-shaped sealing gasket 2 is arranged between the upper edge surface and the lower edge surface of the mud film test ring cutter 3 and the upper end cover 1 and the lower base 5.
Preferably, the overall height of the water outlet measuring cylinder 10 is higher than the height of the lower base 5; the height of the water outlet of the pipeline communicated between the water outlet measuring cylinder 10 and the beaker 12 is larger than the integral height of the sample annular support 6.
Specifically, the mud film shear strength test instrument of this embodiment includes the main body frame structure that comprises upper end cover 1, lower base 5, circle formula sealing gasket 2, dead lever 4, places permeable stone 7, sample ring support 6, circle formula sealing gasket 2, mud film test cutting ring 3 and mud film sample 14 on the lower base 5 in proper order. The upper end cover 1 is connected with an air pressurizing instrument 9 and a pressure sensor 8. The lower base 5 is connected with the water outlet measuring cylinder 10 and the water adding funnel 13, and can add water to the bottom of the sample and monitor the water head change and the water filtering quantity.
The method for measuring the shear strength of the mud film by the mud film shear strength test instrument comprises the following steps:
A. cutting a mud film sample 14 by using a mud film sample circular cutting device 3, and cutting the lower layer of the mud film sample by using a soil cutting knife;
B. A water permeable stone 7, a sample annular support 6 and a ring-shaped sealing gasket 2 are sequentially arranged on the lower base 5, and the lower part of a mud film test ring cutter 3 cut with a mud film sample 14 is sleeved on the sample annular support 6;
C. An air pressurizing instrument 9 and a pressure sensor 8 are connected to the upper end cover 1;
D. the ring-shaped sealing gasket 2 is stuck to the upper edge surface of the mud film test cutting ring 3, and the upper end cover 1 is placed on the mud film test cutting ring 3; then a fixing rod 4 is inserted, nuts at two ends are screwed, and the upper end cover, the lower base and the mud film test ring cutter are fully pressed and sealed;
E. Adding water to the lower layer of the mud film sample through a water adding funnel 13 until a certain scale value is reached in the water outlet measuring cylinder 10; or water is added to the lower layer of the mud film sample through a water adding funnel 13 until water flows out of the bent pipe to a beaker 12;
F. Slowly pressurizing the upper layer surface of the mud film sample 14 at a certain speed through an air pressurizing device 9, observing the water head change in the water outlet measuring cylinder 10, generating bubbles, and recording the maximum value of the water head; or by weighing the change of the weight of the beaker 12, observing the generation condition of bubbles, and recording the water filtering quantity;
G. And the shear strength and the gas closure property of the mud film are determined by recording the deformation quantity of the mud film sample calculated by the pressure sensor 8, the water outlet measuring cylinder 10 and the beaker 12 and drawing a load-deformation curve.
Claims (1)
1. A method for measuring the shear strength of a mud film by a mud film shear strength test instrument is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the method comprises the following steps:
A. Cutting a mud film sample (14) by using a mud film test ring cutter (3), and leveling the lower layer of the mud film sample by using a soil cutting cutter;
B. a water permeable stone (7), a sample annular support (6) and a ring-shaped sealing gasket (2) are sequentially arranged on the lower base (5), and the lower part of a mud film test ring cutter (3) cut with a mud film sample (14) is sleeved on the sample annular support (6);
C. Connecting an air pressurizing instrument (9) and a pressure sensor (8) to the upper end cover (1);
D. attaching the ring-shaped sealing gasket (2) to the upper edge surface of the mud film test ring cutter (3), and placing the upper end cover (1) on the ring-shaped sealing gasket (2); then a fixing rod (4) is inserted, nuts at two ends are screwed, and the upper end cover, the lower base and the mud film test ring cutter are fully pressed and sealed;
E. adding water to the lower layer of the mud film sample through a water adding funnel (13) until a certain scale value is reached in the water outlet measuring cylinder (10); or water is added to the lower layer of the mud film sample through a water adding funnel (13) until water flows out of the bent pipe to a beaker (12);
F. Slowly pressurizing the upper layer surface of the mud film sample (14) at a certain speed by an air pressurizing instrument (9), observing the water head change in the water outlet measuring cylinder (10), generating bubbles, and recording the maximum value of the water head; or by weighing the weight change of the beaker (12), observing the generation condition of bubbles and recording the water filtering quantity;
G. the method comprises the steps of recording deformation of a mud film sample calculated by a pressure sensor (8), a water outlet measuring cylinder (10) and a beaker (12), drawing a load-deformation curve, and determining the shear strength and the air tightness of the mud film;
The mud film shear strength testing instrument comprises a main body frame structure formed by an upper end cover (1), a lower base (5) and a mud film test ring cutter (3) which is pressed between the upper end cover and the lower base through a plurality of fixing rods (4); a sample annular support (6) is arranged in the middle of the upper surface of the lower base (5), a mud film sample (14) is cut in the inner cavity of the mud film test ring cutter (3), the lower part of the mud film test ring cutter is sleeved on the outer circular surface of the sample annular support (6), and the mud film sample (14) is located on the upper surface of the sample annular support (6); an air pressurizing instrument (9) for pressurizing the upper inner cavity of the mud film test ring cutter and a pressure sensor (8) for measuring the pressure in the upper inner cavity of the mud film test ring cutter are respectively arranged on the upper end cover (1); the central part of the lower surface of the lower base (5) is connected with a water outlet measuring cylinder (10) through a pipeline; the wall of the water outlet measuring cylinder (10) is provided with scales, and the upper ends of the water outlet measuring cylinders (10) are communicated with a water adding funnel (13) and a beaker (12) through pipelines provided with valves; the beaker (12) is placed on a balance (15);
A groove is formed in the middle of the lower base (5), and a permeable stone (7) is placed in the groove; the surface area of the permeable stone (7) is larger than the inner cavity cross-sectional area of the sample annular support (6); the overall height of the water outlet measuring cylinder (10) is higher than the height of the lower base (5); the height of a pipeline water outlet communicated between the water outlet measuring cylinder (10) and the beaker (12) is larger than the integral height of the sample annular support (6); the upper edge surface and the lower edge surface of the mud film test ring cutter (3) and the upper end cover (1) and the lower base (5) are respectively provided with a ring-shaped sealing gasket (2).
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