CN109307363B - High-efficiency ultralow-temperature transcritical air source heat pump water heater - Google Patents

High-efficiency ultralow-temperature transcritical air source heat pump water heater Download PDF

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Publication number
CN109307363B
CN109307363B CN201811281679.0A CN201811281679A CN109307363B CN 109307363 B CN109307363 B CN 109307363B CN 201811281679 A CN201811281679 A CN 201811281679A CN 109307363 B CN109307363 B CN 109307363B
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stop valve
outlet
inlet
water
water tank
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CN109307363A (en
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徐英杰
潘重宇
刘成
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Zhejiang University of Technology ZJUT
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Zhejiang University of Technology ZJUT
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24HFLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H4/00Fluid heaters characterised by the use of heat pumps
    • F24H4/02Water heaters
    • F24H4/04Storage heaters
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24HFLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H9/00Details
    • F24H9/20Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
    • F24H9/2007Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heaters
    • F24H9/2014Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heaters using electrical energy supply
    • F24H9/2021Storage heaters

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Heat-Pump Type And Storage Water Heaters (AREA)

Abstract

The high-efficiency ultralow-temperature transcritical air source heat pump water heater comprises a water tank, a first water pump, a second water pump and an electric heater, wherein a first outlet of the water tank is connected with an inlet of the first water pump, an outlet of the first water pump is connected with an inlet of a first stop valve, an outlet of the first stop valve is connected with an inlet of a second stop valve, an outlet of the second stop valve is connected with an inlet of a first air cooler, and a first outlet of the air cooler is connected with the first inlet of the water tank; the cold water inlet is connected with the inlet of the third stop valve, the outlet of the third stop valve is connected with the inlet of the fourth stop valve, and the outlet of the fourth stop valve is simultaneously connected with the outlet of the first stop valve and the inlet of the second stop valve. Based on the thermodynamic principle of energy cascade utilization, the invention skillfully combines three modes of cyclic heating, direct heating and electric heating, plays the advantages of different cascade energies, reduces the outlet temperature of the air cooler at low temperature, increases the heat absorbed from air, optimizes the operation condition of the heat pump, and improves the overall energy efficiency.

Description

High-efficiency ultralow-temperature transcritical air source heat pump water heater
Technical Field
The invention belongs to a water heater, and relates to a heat pump water heater.
Background
In recent years, CO 2 Transcritical air source heat pumps are the subject of intense research and development in the heat pump field. This is due to the fact that on the one hand, CO 2 Compared with the traditional halogenated hydrocarbon (freon) working medium, the working medium is more environment-friendly and is easier to obtain; on the other hand, due to the supercritical property of the working medium in the air coolerThe method is particularly suitable for preparing hot water with higher temperature through countercurrent heat exchange, and saves energy.
However, in use, the heat pump inevitably has the condition that the temperature is reduced when the hot water is stationary in the water tank and the heat pump needs to be circularly heated, and the efficiency is low. More deadly, with the expansion of application, when the heat pump is used in low-temperature environment, such as winter in northern China, the temperature can be reduced to minus 10 ℃ or even minus 20 ℃, and the efficiency of the heat pump is rapidly reduced. The reason is that as shown in FIG. 1 (original evaporation temperature 10 ℃ C., northern winter evaporation temperature-20 ℃ C.), the suction pressure decreases rapidly with the decrease in evaporation temperature, and the discharge pressure also decreases inevitably due to the limited change in the pressure ratio of the compressor, for example, from 10MPa to 7MPa as shown in FIG. 1. When hot water is generated unchanged, for example, when the temperature is 65 ℃, the intersection point of the isotherm at 65 ℃ and the isobars at 10MPa and 7MPa is a and b respectively, we can see that the point b moves far to the right compared with the point a, which leads to the fact that the positions of the point c and the point e after the point a and the point b expand to reach the corresponding evaporating temperatures respectively are greatly different, the line section ef is very short and is far shorter than cd, which means that the heat absorbed by the process evaporator corresponding to ef from the air is very little, namely, the energy efficiency of the system is very low and is very close to 1, and the efficiency can be lower than that of the traditional electric heating in consideration of the efficiency of a compressor, the heat leakage loss, the pressure loss and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of lower energy efficiency and lower efficiency of the existing heat pump water heater, the invention provides the high-efficiency ultralow temperature transcritical air source heat pump water heater, which is based on the thermodynamic principle of energy cascade utilization, combines three modes of cyclic heating, direct heating and electric heating ingeniously, plays the advantages of different cascade energies, reduces the outlet temperature of an air cooler at low temperature, increases the heat absorbed by air, optimizes the operation condition of the heat pump, and improves the overall energy efficiency.
The technical scheme adopted for solving the technical problems is as follows:
the high-efficiency ultralow-temperature transcritical air source heat pump water heater comprises a water tank, an evaporator, a compressor, an air cooler, a throttling device, a first water pump, a second water pump and an electric heater, wherein a first outlet of the water tank is connected with an inlet of the first water pump, an outlet of the first water pump is connected with an inlet of a first stop valve, an outlet of the first stop valve is connected with an inlet of a second stop valve, an outlet of the second stop valve is connected with a first inlet of the air cooler, and a first outlet of the air cooler is connected with a first inlet of the water tank; the cold water inlet is connected with the inlet of a third stop valve, the outlet of the third stop valve is connected with the inlet of a fourth stop valve, and the outlet of the fourth stop valve is simultaneously connected with the outlet of the first stop valve and the inlet of the second stop valve; the outlet of the third stop valve is also connected with the inlet of a fifth stop valve, and the outlet of the fifth stop valve is connected with the third inlet of the water tank; the second outlet of the water tank is connected with the inlet of the second water pump, the outlet of the second water pump is connected with the inlet of the electric heater, the outlet of the electric heater is connected with the inlet of the sixth stop valve, the outlet of the sixth stop valve is connected with the inlet of the seventh stop valve, and the outlet of the seventh stop valve is connected with the second inlet of the water tank; the third outlet of the water tank is connected with the inlet of an eighth stop valve, the outlet of the eighth stop valve is connected with the inlet of a ninth stop valve, and the outlet of the ninth stop valve is connected with a user; the outlet of the sixth stop valve is also connected with the inlet of the ninth stop valve; the second outlet of the air cooler is connected with the inlet of the throttling device, the outlet of the throttling device is connected with the inlet of the evaporator, the outlet of the evaporator is connected with the inlet of the compressor, and the outlet of the compressor is connected with the second inlet of the air cooler.
Further, the first outlet of the water tank is positioned at the bottom of the water tank, the second outlet of the water tank is positioned at the top of the water tank, and the third outlet of the water tank is positioned at the middle of the water tank.
Still further, still the water heater still includes the controller, first stop valve, second stop valve, third stop valve, fourth stop valve, fifth stop valve, sixth stop valve, seventh stop valve, eighth stop valve, ninth stop valve all with the controller is connected.
The water heater further comprises a first temperature sensor, a second temperature sensor, a third temperature sensor and a fourth temperature sensor, wherein the first temperature sensor is located at the top of the water tank, the second temperature sensor is located at the middle of the water tank, and the third temperature sensor is located at the bottom of the water tank. The fourth temperature sensor is an ambient temperature sensor, and the controller is further connected with the first temperature sensor, the second temperature sensor, the third temperature sensor and the fourth temperature sensor.
The water heater also comprises a flow sensor for detecting whether a user takes water or not, wherein the flow sensor is positioned at the outlet of the water heater, namely between the outlet of the eighth stop valve and the inlet of the ninth stop valve, and the flow sensor is connected with the controller.
The beneficial effects of the invention are mainly shown in the following steps: 1. when the water tank runs at low temperature and the hot water in the water tank is lower than the set temperature by less, if the circulating heating is adopted, the efficiency of the water tank is possibly lower than that of the electric heating, so that water is taken from the top of the water tank, a small amount of electric energy is consumed, and the water is directly heated and then supplied to a user, so that the efficiency is ensured. 2. When the air cooler runs at low temperature, and when the temperature of hot water in the water tank is low, water is taken from the bottom of the water tank, and the water is circularly heated through the heat pump, so that the outlet temperature of the air cooler is reduced as much as possible, and the energy efficiency is improved. 3. When the water tank is operated at low temperature and water is needed to be replenished, the water tank is heated in a direct heating mode, and the water tank is in a high-efficiency mode.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the prior art transcritical air source heat pump energy efficiency as evaporation temperature decreases
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a high efficiency ultra low temperature transcritical air source heat pump water heater, wherein 1: an electric heater; 2: a second water pump; 3: a first temperature sensor; 4: a second temperature sensor; 5: a third temperature sensor; 6: a water tank; 7: a controller; 8: a first water pump; 9: a flow sensor; 18: a first stop valve; 16: a second shut-off valve; 14: a third stop valve; 15: a fourth shut-off valve; 17: a fifth shut-off valve; 11: a sixth shut-off valve; 12: a seventh stop valve; 13: an eighth shutoff valve; 10: a ninth shut-off valve; 19: an air cooler; 20: a throttle device; 21: a fourth temperature sensor; 22: an evaporator; 23: a compressor.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Referring to fig. 2, a high-efficiency ultra-low temperature transcritical air source heat pump water heater comprises a water tank 6, an evaporator 22, a compressor 23, an air cooler 19, a throttling device 20, a first water pump 8, a second water pump 2, an electric heater 1, a first stop valve 18, a second stop valve 16, a third stop valve 14, a fourth stop valve 15, a fifth stop valve 17, a sixth stop valve 11, a seventh stop valve 12, an eighth stop valve 13, a ninth stop valve 10, a first temperature sensor 3, a second temperature sensor 4, a third temperature sensor 5, a fourth temperature sensor 21 and a flow sensor 9, wherein the first outlet of the water tank is connected with the inlet of the first water pump, the outlet of the first water pump is connected with the inlet of the first stop valve, the outlet of the first stop valve is connected with the inlet of the second stop valve, the outlet of the second stop valve is connected with the first inlet of the air cooler, and the first outlet of the air cooler is connected with the first inlet of the water tank; the cold water inlet is connected with the inlet of a third stop valve, the outlet of the third stop valve is connected with the inlet of a fourth stop valve, and the outlet of the fourth stop valve is simultaneously connected with the outlet of the first stop valve and the inlet of the second stop valve; the outlet of the third stop valve is also connected with the inlet of a fifth stop valve, and the outlet of the fifth stop valve is connected with the third inlet of the water tank; the second outlet of the water tank is connected with the inlet of the second water pump, the outlet of the second water pump is connected with the inlet of the electric heater, the outlet of the electric heater is connected with the inlet of the sixth stop valve, the outlet of the sixth stop valve is connected with the inlet of the seventh stop valve, and the outlet of the seventh stop valve is connected with the second inlet of the water tank; the third outlet of the water tank is connected with the inlet of an eighth stop valve, the outlet of the eighth stop valve is connected with the inlet of a ninth stop valve, and the outlet of the ninth stop valve is connected with a user; the outlet of the sixth stop valve is also connected with the inlet of the ninth stop valve; the second outlet of the air cooler is connected with the inlet of the throttling device, the outlet of the throttling device is connected with the inlet of the evaporator, the outlet of the evaporator is connected with the inlet of the compressor, and the outlet of the compressor is connected with the second inlet of the air cooler.
Further, the first outlet of the water tank is positioned at the bottom of the water tank, the second outlet of the water tank is positioned at the top of the water tank, and the third outlet of the water tank is positioned at the middle of the water tank.
The water heater also comprises a controller, and the first stop valve, the second stop valve, the third stop valve, the fourth stop valve, the fifth stop valve, the sixth stop valve, the seventh stop valve, the eighth stop valve and the ninth stop valve are all connected with the controller.
The water heater still includes first temperature sensor, second temperature sensor, third temperature sensor and fourth temperature sensor, first temperature sensor is located the water tank top, and second temperature sensor is located the water tank middle part, and third temperature sensor is located the water tank bottom, fourth temperature sensor is ambient temperature sensor, the controller still is connected with first temperature sensor, second temperature sensor, third temperature sensor and fourth temperature sensor.
The water heater also comprises a flow sensor for detecting whether a user takes water or not, wherein the flow sensor is positioned at the outlet of the water heater, namely between the outlet of the eighth stop valve and the inlet of the ninth stop valve, and the flow sensor is connected with the controller.
The operation mode of the present embodiment is as follows:
first, low temperature electric heating direct water outlet water supplementing mode
When the fourth temperature sensor 21 detects that the ambient temperature is low (e.g. lower than 0 ℃) and the second temperature sensor 4 detects that the water tank water temperature is only slightly lower than the outlet water temperature set point, if the flow sensor 9 detects that the water tank is taken by a user, if the heat pump is started, the heat pump is started because the ambient temperature is low and the water tank temperature is high, the efficiency of the heat pump is extremely low, and the pipe loss, the heat leakage loss and the like are even lower than electric heating, so that an electric heating water discharge mode is adopted at this time, that is, the electric heater 1 is started, the second water pump 2 and the sixth stop valve 11 are also opened, the seventh stop valve 12 and the eighth stop valve 13 are closed, the second, third and fourth stop valves (14-16) and the compressor 23 are also opened, the direct heating water supply mode is performed, and the first stop valve 18, the fifth stop valve 17 and the first water pump 8 are closed.
Second, low temperature circulation heating water storage mode
When the fourth temperature sensor 21 detects that the ambient temperature is low (e.g. lower than 0 ℃), the flow sensor 9 does not detect that the user takes water, and the second temperature sensor 4 detects that the water temperature of the water tank is also low (e.g. lower than 25 ℃), a certain efficiency can be maintained by adopting heat pump circulation heating at this time, so that the first water pump 8, the second stop valve 16, the first stop valve 18 and the compressor 23 are all opened, and all other devices and valves are closed.
Third, low temperature electric heating circulation water storage mode
When the fourth temperature sensor 21 detects that the ambient temperature is low (e.g. lower than 0 ℃), the flow sensor 9 does not detect that the user is taking water, and the second temperature sensor 4 detects that the water temperature of the water tank is high, far above the ambient temperature and only slightly below the set value of the outlet water temperature, if the heat pump heating is started, the heat pump heating is very low due to the low ambient temperature and the high water tank temperature, the heat leakage loss is even lower than the electric heating due to the low ambient temperature and the extremely low efficiency of the heat pump, and the user is not urgent to use water, so that the electric heating circulation mode is adopted at this time, i.e. the electric heater 1 is started, the second water pump 2, the sixth stop valve 11 and the seventh stop valve 12 are also opened, and all other devices and valves are closed. Fourth, low temperature/normal temperature direct heating water replenishing mode
When the flow sensor 9 detects that a user takes water, no matter how the fourth temperature sensor 21 detects the ambient temperature (i.e. low temperature or normal temperature), and the second temperature sensor 4 detects that the water temperature of the water tank is only slightly lower than the set value of the water outlet temperature, the heat pump direct heating type heating can achieve certain efficiency, so that the heat pump direct heating mode is adopted at this time, namely the second, third and fourth stop valves (14-16) and the compressor 23 are opened, and all other devices and valves are closed. Fifth, normal temperature circulation heating water storage mode
When the fourth temperature sensor 21 detects that the ambient temperature is higher (for example, about 20 ℃), and the second temperature sensor 4 detects that the water temperature of the water tank is lower than the set value of the water outlet temperature, a certain efficiency can be achieved by adopting heat pump circulation heating at the moment, namely, the first water pump 8, the second stop valve 16, the first stop valve 18 and the compressor 23 are all opened, and all other devices and valves are closed.

Claims (1)

1. The high-efficiency ultra-low temperature transcritical air source heat pump water heater is characterized by comprising a water tank, an evaporator, a compressor, an air cooler, a throttling device, a first water pump, a second water pump and an electric heater, wherein a first outlet of the water tank is connected with an inlet of the first water pump, an outlet of the first water pump is connected with an inlet of a first stop valve, an outlet of the first stop valve is connected with an inlet of a second stop valve, an outlet of the second stop valve is connected with a first inlet of the air cooler, and a first outlet of the air cooler is connected with a first inlet of the water tank; the cold water inlet is connected with the inlet of a third stop valve, the outlet of the third stop valve is connected with the inlet of a fourth stop valve, and the outlet of the fourth stop valve is simultaneously connected with the outlet of the first stop valve and the inlet of the second stop valve; the outlet of the third stop valve is also connected with the inlet of a fifth stop valve, and the outlet of the fifth stop valve is connected with the third inlet of the water tank; the second outlet of the water tank is connected with the inlet of the second water pump, the outlet of the second water pump is connected with the inlet of the electric heater, the outlet of the electric heater is connected with the inlet of the sixth stop valve, the outlet of the sixth stop valve is connected with the inlet of the seventh stop valve, and the outlet of the seventh stop valve is connected with the second inlet of the water tank; the third outlet of the water tank is connected with the inlet of an eighth stop valve, the outlet of the eighth stop valve is connected with the inlet of a ninth stop valve, and the outlet of the ninth stop valve is connected with a user; the outlet of the sixth stop valve is also connected with the inlet of the ninth stop valve; the second outlet of the air cooler is connected with the inlet of the throttling device, the outlet of the throttling device is connected with the inlet of the evaporator, the outlet of the evaporator is connected with the inlet of the compressor, and the outlet of the compressor is connected with the second inlet of the air cooler;
the first outlet of the water tank is positioned at the bottom of the water tank, the second outlet of the water tank is positioned at the top of the water tank, and the third outlet of the water tank is positioned at the middle of the water tank;
the water heater further comprises a controller, and the first stop valve, the second stop valve, the third stop valve, the fourth stop valve, the fifth stop valve, the sixth stop valve, the seventh stop valve, the eighth stop valve and the ninth stop valve are all connected with the controller;
the water heater further comprises a first temperature sensor, a second temperature sensor, a third temperature sensor and a fourth temperature sensor, wherein the first temperature sensor is positioned at the top of the water tank, the second temperature sensor is positioned at the middle of the water tank, the third temperature sensor is positioned at the bottom of the water tank, the fourth temperature sensor is an environment temperature sensor, and the controller is further connected with the first temperature sensor, the second temperature sensor, the third temperature sensor and the fourth temperature sensor;
the water heater also comprises a flow sensor for detecting whether a user takes water or not, wherein the flow sensor is positioned at the outlet of the water heater, namely between the outlet of the eighth stop valve and the inlet of the ninth stop valve, and the flow sensor is connected with the controller.
CN201811281679.0A 2018-10-31 2018-10-31 High-efficiency ultralow-temperature transcritical air source heat pump water heater Active CN109307363B (en)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN110186188A (en) * 2019-05-13 2019-08-30 广东炬邦热能设备有限公司 Intelligence control system based on heat-pump hot-water unit application

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CN205332518U (en) * 2015-12-25 2016-06-22 Tcl空调器(中山)有限公司 Air can hot water machine
CN106403305A (en) * 2016-09-23 2017-02-15 广东美的暖通设备有限公司 Combined heat pump water heater unit and control method thereof
CN207881051U (en) * 2018-01-16 2018-09-18 北京四季通能源科技有限公司 A kind of monoblock type list Two-stage Heat Pump System
CN209181267U (en) * 2018-10-31 2019-07-30 浙江工业大学 Efficient ultralow temperature Trans-critical cycle air source hot pump water heater

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR102243833B1 (en) * 2015-01-28 2021-04-23 엘지전자 주식회사 Hot water supply device using heat pump and a method for controlling the same

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN205332518U (en) * 2015-12-25 2016-06-22 Tcl空调器(中山)有限公司 Air can hot water machine
CN106403305A (en) * 2016-09-23 2017-02-15 广东美的暖通设备有限公司 Combined heat pump water heater unit and control method thereof
CN207881051U (en) * 2018-01-16 2018-09-18 北京四季通能源科技有限公司 A kind of monoblock type list Two-stage Heat Pump System
CN209181267U (en) * 2018-10-31 2019-07-30 浙江工业大学 Efficient ultralow temperature Trans-critical cycle air source hot pump water heater

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