CN109302167B - 包括开关装置的电子电路 - Google Patents

包括开关装置的电子电路 Download PDF

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CN109302167B
CN109302167B CN201810819139.7A CN201810819139A CN109302167B CN 109302167 B CN109302167 B CN 109302167B CN 201810819139 A CN201810819139 A CN 201810819139A CN 109302167 B CN109302167 B CN 109302167B
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gate driver
semiconductor switch
passenger conveyor
switching
switching device
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CN109302167A (zh
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J·尼坎德
A·纳卡里
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Kone Corp
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
    • H03K17/00—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking
    • H03K17/51—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the components used
    • H03K17/56—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the components used by the use, as active elements, of semiconductor devices
    • H03K17/687—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the components used by the use, as active elements, of semiconductor devices the devices being field-effect transistors
    • H03K17/693—Switching arrangements with several input- or output-terminals, e.g. multiplexers, distributors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
    • H02H3/02—Details
    • H02H3/04—Details with warning or supervision in addition to disconnection, e.g. for indicating that protective apparatus has functioned
    • H02H3/044—Checking correct functioning of protective arrangements, e.g. by simulating a fault
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
    • H03K17/00—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking
    • H03K17/51—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the components used
    • H03K17/74—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the components used by the use, as active elements, of diodes
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/327—Testing of circuit interrupters, switches or circuit-breakers
    • G01R31/3277—Testing of circuit interrupters, switches or circuit-breakers of low voltage devices, e.g. domestic or industrial devices, such as motor protections, relays, rotation switches
    • G01R31/3278—Testing of circuit interrupters, switches or circuit-breakers of low voltage devices, e.g. domestic or industrial devices, such as motor protections, relays, rotation switches of relays, solenoids or reed switches
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
    • H02H3/08—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to excess current
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
    • H02H7/10—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers
    • H02H7/12—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers for static converters or rectifiers
    • H02H7/122—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers for static converters or rectifiers for inverters, i.e. dc/ac converters
    • H02H7/1227—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers for static converters or rectifiers for inverters, i.e. dc/ac converters responsive to abnormalities in the output circuit, e.g. short circuit
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P8/00—Arrangements for controlling dynamo-electric motors rotating step by step
    • H02P8/34—Monitoring operation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
    • H03K17/00—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking
    • H03K17/08—Modifications for protecting switching circuit against overcurrent or overvoltage
    • H03K17/081—Modifications for protecting switching circuit against overcurrent or overvoltage without feedback from the output circuit to the control circuit
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
    • H03K17/00—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking
    • H03K17/18—Modifications for indicating state of switch
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
    • H03K17/00—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking
    • H03K17/51—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the components used
    • H03K17/78—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the components used using opto-electronic devices, i.e. light-emitting and photoelectric devices electrically- or optically-coupled

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electronic Switches (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种包括开关装置(22)的电子电路(20)，该开关装置(22)具有监测开关装置的开关状态的监测电路(28)。根据本发明，开关装置包括至少一个半导体开关(22)作为开关元件，该半导体开关(22)连接到栅极驱动器(24)，该栅极驱动器由控制信号(C)控制以实现半导体开关的切换，栅极驱动器(24)由栅极驱动器电源(26)供电，其中监测电路(28)设置在半导体栅极和其集电极之间，并包括光耦合器(30)、限流电阻器(32)和保护二极管(34)的串联连接。该串联连接与栅极驱动器电源(26)串联连接。

Description

包括开关装置的电子电路
技术领域
本发明涉及一种包括开关装置的电子电路。
背景技术
这种电路例如用在如电梯和自动扶梯的乘客输送机的马达驱动或制动驱动中，以将马达驱动或制动驱动与市电分开。该开关装置通常由继电器实现，该继电器由乘客输送机的安全电路的控制信号控制。如果出现其中安全不符合机器特定安全要求的任何情况，则继电器断开，马达驱动或制动驱动与市电分离。对于乘客输送机来说，获取有关该安全继电器状态的信息更为重要。为此，电子电路包括监测电路，该监测电路给出关于开关装置即继电器的状态的信息。经由监测电路的输出信号，该设备，例如自动扶梯或电梯，知道相应的驱动是否已经与市电正确分离。
具有相应监测电路的传统开关继电器是可靠的并且相对容易安装。这些部件的缺点是开关继电器易于磨损并且开关继电器相对昂贵。
发明内容
因此，本发明的目的是提供一种电子电路，其包括具有根据上述类型的状态监测的开关装置，该开关装置更便宜并且易于安装且操作可靠。
该目的通过根据权利要求1的电子电路解决。本发明的优选实施例是从属权利要求的主题。在本申请的说明性部分以及附图中还描述了本发明的优选实施例。
根据本发明，开关装置包括至少一个半导体开关作为开关元件，该半导体开关连接到栅极驱动器，该栅极驱动器由控制信号控制以实现半导体开关的切换。栅极驱动器连接到栅极驱动电源。根据本发明，监测电路设置在半导体栅极和其集电极之间，并且它包括光耦合器、限流电阻器和保护二极管的串联连接，该串联连接与栅极驱动器电源串联连接。
因此，串联二极管阻止监测电流流向外部电路。当晶体管处于非导通状态(OFF)时，光耦合器的LED将熄灭，而当晶体管处于导通状态(ON)时，LED导通。因此，光耦合器的信号输出将提供关于半导体开关的切换状态的可靠信息，由此整个电路相对便宜，易于安装并且具有比传统开关继电器更长的寿命。
优选地，限流电阻器是MELF型的，以避免在晶体管损坏的情况下通过栅极电源和监测电路旁路晶体管。
优选地，半导体开关是可商购的并且是对于所述目的可靠的晶体管。
在本发明的一个优选实施例中，并联二极管并联连接，优选地反并联连接到半导体开关。该特征避免了由栅极驱动电源提供的监测电流为由半导体开关切换的负载供电。
优选地，耦合器二极管与光耦合器并联连接，以避免不由栅极驱动器电源生成的外部负载峰值而损坏光耦合器。
优选地，电子电路是乘客输送机的马达驱动和/或制动驱动器的一部分，乘客输送机可以是自动扶梯或电梯或移动坡道等。特别是在这些驱动中，使用电子电路作为用于将相应的驱动与市电分离的分离电路是非常有利的措施，因为当前使用的开关继电器易于磨损并且非常昂贵。因此，在这些驱动中使用电子电路是特别有利的。
优选地，电子电路是马达驱动的一部分，该马达驱动包括连接到市电的整流器桥和与乘客输送马达连接的反相器桥。整流器桥和反相器桥经由DC链路连接，并且开关装置布置在整流器桥和市电之间的连接中。在这种连接中上述电子电路的布置优选地是有利的，这是因为切换高电流导致当前使用的继电器的快速磨损，因为有时马达驱动可能在高电流期间被关闭，这甚至可能导致关闭时产生电火花。经由半导体开关切换马达驱动(通常必须使用三个半导体开关作为开关装置，每相一个)，当接通或断开马达驱动时不会导致产生任何电火花。
在本发明的另一个优选实施例中，如果在控制信号处于断开状态时光耦合器导通，则监测电路被配置为指示开关装置的故障。因此，本发明能够监测不同的故障模式，因为通常IGBT去饱和电路在控制信号处于导通状态时光耦合器不导通的情况下指示故障。
本发明还涉及一种具有根据上述规格的电子电路的制动驱动和/或马达驱动，并且涉及一种具有根据上述类型的电子电路的制动驱动器和/或马达驱动器的乘客输送机，由此与乘客输送机的马达驱动或制动驱动相关联地获得特定的成本节省，相应的高电流被切换，这导致传统的继电器开关的快速磨损。
对于本领域技术人员清楚的是，上述实施例可以任意地彼此组合。
附图说明
下面借助于结合附图的实施例来描述本发明。
图1示出了由继电器开关形成的现有技术的开关装置
图2示出了包括根据本发明的电子电路的电子电路。
具体实施方式
图1示出了具有带有继电器开关12、14的开关继电器11的马达驱动或制动器驱动的输入区段10，继电器开关12、14由螺线管16激活，螺线管16由例如自动扶梯或电梯的安全设备的控制信号C控制，该螺线管16还提供关于继电器开关12、14的切换状态的监测信号。这种当前使用的开关继电器的缺点是它易于磨损并且相对昂贵。当开关继电器在电梯或自动扶梯的马达驱动或制动驱动中切换时，在继电器开关12、14处也可以出现相对较高的电流，这会在总体上加速开关继电器的磨损并影响该开关装置的可靠性。
本发明提供一种新型电子开关电路20，其包括优选地以晶体管的形式的半导体开关22。晶体管连接在连接点B(例如马达驱动的整流器桥)和另一个连接点B'(例如市电的一相)之间。晶体管22由栅极驱动器24控制，栅极驱动器24由栅极驱动器电源26供电。栅极驱动器24由控制信号C控制。监测电路28被提供为与栅极驱动器电源串联连接，该监测电路28包括光耦合器30、限流电阻器32和保护二极管34的串联连接。可选地，耦合器二极管36可以与光耦合器30并联连接。限流电阻器32和保护二极管34确保光耦合器在没有电流峰值并且没有来自外部源(例如负载B)的负载信号流动通过光耦合器的安全操作的条件下驱动光耦合器。经由该措施，确保光耦合器实际上仅由栅极驱动器电源和栅极驱动器24驱动，从而确保光耦合器的开/关状态与其输出A和A'仅取决于关于半导体开关22的切换状态。
有利地，并联二极管38反并联连接到例如晶体管22的半导体开关以避免由栅极驱动器电源提供的监测电流对负载本身产生影响。
如果限流电阻器32是MELF型，则在半导体开关或晶体管22损坏的情况下，避免通过栅极驱动器电源和监测电路旁路晶体管。
经由该有利的电子电路20，一方面利用半导体开关22获得甚至高电流的安全且可靠的切换，另一方面，监测电路28使能光耦合器30的可靠输出信号A、A'仅取决于半导体开关22的切换状态来监测其切换状态。
本发明不限于上面指出的实施例，而是可以在所附权利要求的范围内变化。
附图标记列表
10驱动器的输入区段
11开关继电器
12第一继电器开关
14秒继电器开关
16开关继电器的螺线管
20本发明的电子开关电路
22半导体开关-晶体管
24门驱动器
26栅极驱动器电源
28监测电路
30光耦合器
32限流电阻器
34保护二极管
36耦合器二极管
38(反)并联二极管

Claims (8)

1.一种乘客输送机，具有制动驱动和/或马达驱动，具有作为分离电路的电子电路(20)，所述电子电路被配置为将驱动与市电分离，所述电子电路(20)包括开关装置(22)，所述电子电路(20)具有被配置为监测所述开关装置的切换状态的监测电路(28)，其中所述开关装置包括至少一个半导体开关(22)作为开关元件，所述半导体开关(22)的栅极被连接到栅极驱动器(24)，所述栅极驱动器(24)被配置为由所述乘客输送机的安全电路的控制信号(C)控制以实现所述半导体开关的切换，所述栅极驱动器(24)由栅极驱动器电源(26)供电，其中所述监测电路(28)被设置在所述栅极驱动器(24)和所述半导体开关的集电极之间，并且包括光耦合器(30)的LED、限流电阻器(32)和保护二极管(34)的串联连接，所述串联连接与所述栅极驱动器电源(26)串联连接，所述光耦合器(30)的输出(A，A’)被配置为提供用于检测所述开关装置(22)的所述切换状态的信号。
2.根据权利要求1所述的乘客输送机，其中所述限流电阻器(32)是MELF型的。
3.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的乘客输送机，其中所述半导体开关(22)是晶体管。
4.根据权利要求1和2中任一项所述的乘客输送机，其中并联二极管(38)与所述半导体开关(22)反并联连接。
5.根据权利要求1和2中任一项所述的乘客输送机，其中耦合器二极管(36)与所述光耦合器(30)并联连接。
6.根据权利要求1和2中任一项所述的乘客输送机，所述电子电路(20)是自动扶梯或电梯的一部分。
7.根据权利要求1和2中任一项所述的乘客输送机，其中所述电子电路(20)是马达驱动的一部分，所述马达驱动包括连接到市电的整流器桥、以及与乘客输送机马达连接的反相器桥，所述整流器桥和所述反相器桥经由DC链路被连接，其中所述半导体开关(22)被布置在所述整流器桥和所述市电之间的连接中。
8.根据前述权利要求1和2中任一项述的乘客输送机，其中所述监测电路(28)被配置为如果所述光耦合器(30)在所述控制信号(C)处于OFF状态时导通，则指示所述开关装置(22)的故障。
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