CN109299869B - Cost calculation method and device for distribution transformer - Google Patents

Cost calculation method and device for distribution transformer Download PDF

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CN109299869B
CN109299869B CN201811079891.9A CN201811079891A CN109299869B CN 109299869 B CN109299869 B CN 109299869B CN 201811079891 A CN201811079891 A CN 201811079891A CN 109299869 B CN109299869 B CN 109299869B
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distribution transformer
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CN109299869A (en
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杨夏
陶飞达
王东芳
黄智鹏
钟运平
熊洽
游景方
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Guangdong Power Grid Co Ltd
Heyuan Power Supply Bureau of Guangdong Power Grid Co Ltd
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Heyuan Power Supply Bureau of Guangdong Power Grid Co Ltd
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Abstract

The invention provides a cost calculation method and a cost calculation device for a distribution transformer, and relates to the technical field of cost evaluation of distribution network equipment, wherein the method comprises the following steps: calculating the operation life cycle of the distribution transformer according to the low-voltage side voltage operation constraint and the load factor operation constraint of the distribution transformer; calculating a plurality of cost impact factor values of the distribution transformer during the operation life cycle; the plurality of cost impact factor values comprise at least a plurality of initial investment costs, operating costs, overhaul and maintenance costs, failure costs, and retirement disposal costs; and calculating an algebraic sum of the cost influence factor values, and taking the algebraic sum as the cost of the distribution transformer. The invention can improve the reliability of calculating the cost of the distribution transformer.

Description

Cost calculation method and device for distribution transformer
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of power distribution network equipment cost evaluation, in particular to a cost calculation method and device for a power distribution transformer.
Background
With the continuous deepening of the electric power market reform, more and more distributed photovoltaic and energy storage are connected into a distribution network, and the investment decision of a power grid is balanced in economy and reliability.
At present, problems exist in the distribution network for the configuration of the distribution transformer, for example, the influence of distributed photovoltaic and energy storage is not well considered in partial areas, and the problem that the load rate of the distribution transformer is too low and the capacity is wasted is easily caused by the configuration of a distribution transformer with a larger capacity. In the calculation of the Life Cycle Costs (LLC) of the distribution transformer, the working Life of the distribution transformer is generally set to a fixed Life, such as 20 years, but in recent years, various distributed photovoltaics have a peak clipping effect on the load of the distribution transformer, and the operating Life of the distribution transformer is greatly prolonged, so the method of calculating the LCC Costs of the distribution transformer using the fixed Life is too conservative, and cannot effectively respond to the economic benefits of the distribution transformer, and the reliability of such a method is not high.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention provides a method and an apparatus for calculating the cost of a distribution transformer, so as to improve the reliability of calculating the cost of the distribution transformer.
In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a cost calculation method for a distribution transformer, where the distribution transformer is connected to a distributed photovoltaic system, and the method includes: calculating the operation life cycle of the distribution transformer according to the low-voltage side voltage operation constraint and the load factor operation constraint of the distribution transformer; calculating a plurality of cost impact factor values of the distribution transformer during the operation life cycle; the plurality of cost impact factor values comprise at least a plurality of initial investment costs, operating costs, overhaul and maintenance costs, failure costs and retirement placement costs; and calculating an algebraic sum of the cost influence factor values, and taking the algebraic sum as the cost of the distribution transformer.
With reference to the first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a first possible implementation manner of the first aspect, where the step of calculating an operation life cycle of the distribution transformer according to a low-voltage side voltage operation constraint and a load factor operation constraint of the distribution transformer includes: calculating to obtain a first service life range of the distribution transformer according with the low-voltage side operation constraint of the distribution transformer; calculating to obtain a second service life range of the distribution transformer according with the load rate operation constraint of the distribution transformer; and taking the maximum value in the intersection of the first service life range and the second service life range as the service life cycle of the distribution transformer.
Incorporating the first aspectThe embodiment of the present invention provides a second possible implementation manner of the first aspect, wherein the low-voltage side operation constraint of the distribution transformer is: the voltage value of the low-voltage side of the distribution transformer is within +/-7% of the nominal voltage of the distribution transformer; the first age range is obtained by: obtaining
Figure BDA0001800404560000021
When it is established i1A value set of (1); wherein, V2NThe nominal voltage of the low-voltage side of the distribution transformer;
Figure BDA0001800404560000022
is shown in the i1Voltage value of low voltage side of distribution transformer at t time of jth weather; based on i1And determining a first service life range.
With reference to the first possible implementation manner of the first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a third possible implementation manner of the first aspect, where the load factor operation constraint of the distribution transformer is: the load factor of the distribution transformer is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 1; the second age range is obtained by: obtaining
Figure RE-GDA0001895909780000023
When it is established i2A value set of (a); wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure RE-GDA0001895909780000024
is the ith2The average load real power of the distribution transformer during the t-th period of the year,
Figure RE-GDA0001895909780000025
is the ith2Average active power of distributed photovoltaic in the t-th period of the jth weather in the year;
Figure RE-GDA0001895909780000031
is the ith2Average negative on low side of distribution transformer for period t of yearThe load reactive power; sTNRated capacity of the distribution transformer; based on i2And determining a second service life range.
With reference to the first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a fourth possible implementation manner of the first aspect, where the initial investment cost is obtained by the following equation:
Figure BDA0001800404560000032
wherein, CIInitial investment cost; x is the number ofTThe type of the distribution transformer; sTNRated capacity of the distribution transformer; g (-) is a function of initial investment cost of distribution transformers as a function of rated capacity and model; r is0The current rate is the current rate; and T is the service life cycle of the distribution transformer.
With reference to the first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a fifth possible implementation manner of the first aspect, where the operation cost is obtained by the following formula:
Figure BDA0001800404560000033
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure BDA0001800404560000034
PDi,t＝(1+η)i-1PD1,t i＝2,3,...,T；
wherein, CWFor operating costs; r is0The current rate is the current rate; t is the service life cycle of the distribution transformer; e is the comprehensive electricity price; nG is the number of weather type scenes; t is tdIs the number of time periods in a day; p0And PkRespectively the no-load loss of the distribution transformer and the load loss of the distribution transformer; beta is ai,j,tThe average load rate of the distribution transformer is the ith type of weather and the t period of the ith year; omegajIs the probability of the occurrence of the j-th weather; sDi,j,tApparent power of distribution transformer for ith year jth weather period t; sTNThe rated capacity of the distribution transformer; pDi,tThe average load active power of the distribution transformer in the ith time period of the ith year; pGi,j,tThe average active power of the distributed photovoltaic is the t-th period of jth weather in ith year; qDi,tThe average load reactive power of the low-voltage side of the distribution transformer in the ith time period of the ith year; pD1,tThe average load active power of the distribution transformer in the t period of the 1 st year; eta is the natural growth rate of the load.
With reference to the first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a sixth possible implementation manner of the first aspect, where the repair and maintenance cost is obtained by the following formula:
CO＝CDX+CXX；
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure BDA0001800404560000041
Figure BDA0001800404560000042
wherein, COMaintenance costs for maintenance; cDXThe overhaul cost of the distribution transformer in the operation life cycle; cXXMinor repair costs for the distribution transformer during its operational life cycle; r is0The current rate is the current rate; t is the service life cycle of the distribution transformer; c. CdThe cost of single overhaul; c. CxThe cost of single minor repair; m is the major repair frequency; floor (. cndot.) indicates decimal rounding down.
With reference to the first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a seventh possible implementation manner of the first aspect, where the failure cost is obtained by the following formula:
Figure BDA0001800404560000043
wherein, Ccfi＝Cssi+εCjxi；
Cssi＝KdtgPavie；
Figure BDA0001800404560000044
Wherein, CFTo cost of failure; r is0The current rate is the current rate; t is the service life cycle of the distribution transformer; ccfiCost of failure for distribution transformer of the ith year; cssiThe fault loss fee of the distribution transformer in the ith year; epsilon is the annual accident rate of the distribution transformer; cjxiThe fault maintenance cost of the distribution transformer in the ith year; kdThe conversion factor is the power price; t is tgThe average annual accident power failure time; paviThe average active power of the distribution transformer in the ith year; nG is the number of weather type scenes; t is tdIs the number of time periods in a day; omegajIs the probability of the occurrence of the j-th weather; pDi,tThe average load active power of the distribution transformer in the ith time period of the ith year; pGi,j,tThe average active power of the distributed photovoltaic is the t-th period of jth weather in ith year; eta is the load natural growth rate.
With reference to the first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides an eighth possible implementation manner of the first aspect, where the retirement disposition cost is obtained by the following formula:
Figure BDA0001800404560000051
wherein, CDA cost for retirement disposition; r is0The current rate is the current rate; t is the operating life cycle of the distribution transformer; cbfThe cost of scrapping the distribution transformer in the operating life cycle; cczThe residual value of the equipment of the distribution transformer in the operation life cycle is charged.
In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a cost calculation apparatus for a distribution transformer, where the distribution transformer is connected to a distributed photovoltaic system, the apparatus including: the operation life cycle calculation module is used for calculating the operation life cycle of the distribution transformer according to the low-voltage side voltage operation constraint and the load rate operation constraint of the distribution transformer; the cost influence factor value calculation module is used for calculating a plurality of cost influence factor values of the distribution transformer in the operation life cycle; the plurality of cost impact factor values comprise at least a plurality of initial investment costs, operating costs, overhaul and maintenance costs, failure costs and retirement placement costs; and the cost calculation module is used for calculating the algebraic sum of the cost influence factor values and taking the algebraic sum as the cost of the distribution transformer.
The embodiment of the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the embodiment of the invention provides a cost calculation method and device for a distribution transformer, wherein the distribution transformer is connected with a distributed photovoltaic system; firstly, calculating the operation life cycle of the distribution transformer according to the low-voltage side voltage operation constraint and the load rate operation constraint of the distribution transformer; calculating a plurality of cost influence factor values of the distribution transformer in the operation life cycle; the plurality of cost impact factor values comprise at least a plurality of initial investment costs, operating costs, overhaul maintenance costs, failure costs, and retirement disposal costs; and finally, calculating an algebraic sum of a plurality of cost influence factor values, and taking the algebraic sum as the cost of the distribution transformer. According to the mode provided by the embodiment of the invention, firstly, the influence of the low-voltage side voltage and the load factor of the distribution transformer on the operation life cycle is comprehensively considered to calculate the operation life cycle; and thus the cost of the distribution transformer. Compared with the mode that the cost of the distribution transformer is directly calculated based on the fixedly set service life in the prior art, the reliability is high, and effective scientific guidance can be provided for the type selection of the distribution transformer.
Additional features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention will be realized and attained by the structure particularly pointed out in the written description and claims hereof as well as the appended drawings.
In order to make the aforementioned and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, preferred embodiments accompanied with figures are described in detail below.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments or the prior art descriptions will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a cost calculation method for a distribution transformer according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of another method for calculating cost of a distribution transformer according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a block diagram of a cost calculating apparatus for a distribution transformer according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a block diagram of another cost calculating apparatus for a distribution transformer according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
To make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are some, but not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
At present, problems exist in the distribution network for the configuration of the distribution transformer, for example, the influence of distributed photovoltaic and energy storage is not well considered in partial areas, and the problem that the load rate of the distribution transformer is too low and the capacity is wasted is easily caused by the configuration of a distribution transformer with a larger capacity. In the calculation of the Life Cycle Costs (LLC) of the distribution transformer, the working Life of the distribution transformer is generally set to a fixed Life, such as 20 years, but in recent years, various distributed photovoltaics have a peak clipping effect on the load of the distribution transformer, and the operating Life of the distribution transformer is greatly prolonged, so the method of calculating the LCC Costs of the distribution transformer using the fixed Life is too conservative, and cannot effectively respond to the economic benefits of the distribution transformer, and the reliability of such a method is not high. In conclusion, in order to comprehensively consider the influence of distributed photovoltaics and load types on the operation life of the distribution transformer, the distributed photovoltaic access needs to be considered, and a brand-new distribution transformer cost evaluation method is provided by combining the full life cycle cost theory of the distribution transformer, so that the contradiction between equipment development and economic shortage is solved, the life cycle of the equipment is improved, and scientific guidance is provided for the type selection of the distribution transformer.
Based on the above, the embodiment of the invention provides a cost calculation method and device for a distribution transformer, which can improve the reliability of calculating the cost of the distribution transformer, thereby providing effective scientific guidance for the type selection of the distribution transformer.
In order to facilitate understanding of the embodiment, a detailed description is first given of a cost calculation method for a distribution transformer disclosed in the embodiment of the present invention, where the distribution transformer is connected to a distributed photovoltaic system.
Referring to fig. 1, a flow chart of a method for calculating cost of a distribution transformer is shown, the method comprising:
step S102, calculating the operation life cycle of the distribution transformer according to the low-voltage side voltage operation constraint and the load factor operation constraint of the distribution transformer;
step S104, calculating a plurality of cost influence factor values of the distribution transformer in the operation life cycle; the plurality of cost impact factor values comprise at least a plurality of initial investment costs, operating costs, overhaul and maintenance costs, failure costs, and retirement disposal costs;
in step S106, the algebraic sum of the plurality of cost influence factor values is obtained, and the algebraic sum is used as the cost of the distribution transformer.
The above cost is also referred to as "life cycle cost", which means the total cost of a system or equipment in its operating life cycle, which is the sum of the direct, indirect, repeated, disposable and other related costs required for the system or equipment to be designed, researched, developed, manufactured, used, maintained and guaranteed to be out of service in its life cycle.
The embodiment of the invention provides a cost calculation method of a distribution transformer, which comprises the steps of firstly, calculating the operation life cycle of the distribution transformer according to the low-voltage side voltage operation constraint and the load rate operation constraint of the distribution transformer; calculating a plurality of cost influence factor values of the distribution transformer in the operation life cycle; the plurality of cost impact factor values comprise at least a plurality of initial investment costs, operating costs, overhaul and maintenance costs, failure costs, and retirement disposal costs; and finally, calculating an algebraic sum of a plurality of cost influence factor values, and taking the algebraic sum as the cost of the distribution transformer. According to the mode provided by the embodiment of the invention, firstly, the influence of the low-voltage side voltage and the load factor of the distribution transformer on the operation life cycle is comprehensively considered to calculate the operation life cycle; and thus the cost of the distribution transformer. Compared with the mode that the cost of the distribution transformer is directly calculated based on the fixedly set service life in the prior art, the reliability is high, and effective scientific guidance can be provided for the type selection of the distribution transformer.
Further, for the convenience of understanding, another cost calculating method for a distribution transformer is provided in the embodiments of the present invention, and on the basis of fig. 1, an implementation of the step S102 is shown in detail, that is, the operating life cycle of the distribution transformer is calculated according to the low-side voltage operating constraint and the load factor operating constraint of the distribution transformer, and referring to fig. 2, the method includes:
step S202, calculating to obtain a first service life range of the distribution transformer according with the low-voltage side operation constraint of the distribution transformer.
The low-voltage side operation constraints of the distribution transformer are as follows: the voltage value of the low-voltage side of the distribution transformer is within +/-7% of the nominal voltage of the distribution transformer; in an alternative, the first age range is obtained by:
(1) obtaining
Figure BDA0001800404560000091
When it is established i1A value set of (a);
(2) based on the above i1And determining a first service life range.
Wherein, V2NThe nominal voltage of the low-voltage side of the distribution transformer;
Figure BDA0001800404560000092
denotes the ith1Voltage value of low voltage side of distribution transformer in jth weather period of the year; the j-th type weather is specifically divided into a sunny day, a cloudy day and a rainy day, namely, the sunny day corresponds to the j with the value of 1, the cloudy day corresponds to the j with the value of 2, and the rainy day corresponds to the j with the value of 3.
In particular, the method comprises the following steps of,
Figure BDA0001800404560000093
this can be obtained by the following formula:
Figure BDA0001800404560000094
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure RE-GDA0001895909780000095
is shown in the i1The voltage value of the high-voltage side of the distribution transformer in the t-th time period of the jth type weather;
Figure RE-GDA0001895909780000096
is the ith1Average load active power of the distribution transformer at the t-th time period of the year;
Figure RE-GDA0001895909780000097
is the ith1Average active power of distributed photovoltaic in the t-th period of the jth weather in the year;
Figure RE-GDA0001895909780000098
denotes the ith1Average load reactive power of the low-voltage side of the distribution transformer in the tth period of the year; kTThe transformation ratio of the distribution transformer is obtained; rTAnd XTThe values of resistance and reactance to the high-voltage side are converted for the distribution transformer, respectively.
And step S204, calculating to obtain a second service life range of the distribution transformer according with the load rate operation constraint of the distribution transformer.
The load factor operation constraints of the distribution transformer are as follows: the load factor of the distribution transformer is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 1; in an alternative manner, the second age range is obtained by:
(1) obtaining
Figure BDA0001800404560000101
When it is established i2A value set of (a);
(2) based on i2And determining a second service life range.
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure RE-GDA0001895909780000102
is the ith2The average load real power of the distribution transformer during the t-th period of the year,
Figure RE-GDA0001895909780000103
is the ith2Average active power of distributed photovoltaic in the t-th period of the jth weather in the year;
Figure RE-GDA0001895909780000104
is the ith2Average load reactive power on the low-voltage side of the distribution transformer at the t-th time of year; sTNIs the rated capacity of the distribution transformer.
And step S206, taking the maximum value in the intersection of the first service life range and the second service life range as the service life cycle of the distribution transformer.
That is, the first service life range is denoted as T1And the second service life range is marked as T2The operation life cycle T of the distribution transformer is max { T ═ T { (T) }1∩T2}。
Step S208, calculating a plurality of cost influence factor values of the distribution transformer in the operation life cycle; the plurality of cost impact factor values comprise at least a plurality of initial investment costs, operating costs, overhaul and maintenance costs, failure costs, and retirement disposal costs;
in step S210, the algebraic sum of the cost-influencing factor values is obtained and used as the cost of the distribution transformer.
The method provided by the embodiment of the invention comprehensively considers the uncertainty of distributed photovoltaic power generation and the low-voltage side and load rate operation constraints required by the operation of the distribution transformer in practical engineering, calculates the operation life cycle of the distribution transformer, avoids the problem of conservative calculated cost caused by the solidified setting of the operation age limit of the traditional distribution transformer, can solve the contradiction between the development and economic shortage of equipment (namely, the distribution transformer), improves the life cycle profit of the equipment, and provides scientific guidance for the type selection of the distribution transformer.
Further, for convenience of understanding, the embodiment of the present invention further provides a calculation manner of the multiple cost impact factor values, specifically, as follows:
(1) the above initial investment cost is obtained by the following formula:
Figure BDA0001800404560000111
wherein, CIInitial investment cost; x is the number ofTThe type of the distribution transformer; sTNRated capacity of the distribution transformer; g (-) is a function of the initial investment cost of the distribution transformer as a function of rated capacity and model; r is0The current rate is the current rate; and T is the service life cycle of the distribution transformer.
In addition, the initial investment cost includes purchase cost and safe debugging cost of the distribution transformer, and the initial investment cost can also pass through formula CI＝CGZ+CAZObtaining; wherein, CGZA purchase fee for the distribution transformer; cAZThe safe debugging fee of the distribution transformer is provided.
(2) The above operating cost is obtained by the following formula:
Figure BDA0001800404560000112
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure BDA0001800404560000113
PDi,t＝(1+η)i-1PD1,t i＝2,3,...,T；
wherein, CWFor operating costs; r is0The current rate is the current rate; t is the service life cycle of the distribution transformer; e is the comprehensive electricity price; nG is the number of weather type scenes; t is tdIs the number of time periods in a day; p0And PkRespectively the no-load loss of the distribution transformer and the load loss of the distribution transformer; beta is ai,j,tThe average load rate of the distribution transformer is the ith type of weather and the t period of the ith year; omegajIs the probability of the occurrence of the j-th weather; sDi,j,tApparent power of distribution transformer for ith year jth weather period t; sTNThe rated capacity of the distribution transformer; pDi,tThe average load active power of the distribution transformer in the ith time period of the ith year; pGi,j,tThe average active power of the distributed photovoltaic is the t-th period of jth weather in ith year; qDi,tThe average load reactive power of the low-voltage side of the distribution transformer in the ith time period of the ith year; pD1,tThe average load active power of the distribution transformer in the t period of the 1 st year; eta is the natural growth rate of the load.
(3) The overhaul and maintenance cost comprises major overhaul cost and minor overhaul cost of the distribution transformer in the service life cycle, and the overhaul and maintenance cost can be obtained by the following formula:
CO＝CDX+CXX；
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure BDA0001800404560000121
Figure BDA0001800404560000122
wherein, COMaintenance costs for maintenance; cDXThe major repair cost of the distribution transformer in the operation life cycle T; cXXThe minor repair cost of the distribution transformer in the operation life cycle T; r is0The current rate is the current rate; t is the service life cycle of the distribution transformer; c. CdThe cost of single overhaul; c. CxThe cost of single minor repair; m is the number of overhaul times; floor (. cndot.) indicates decimal rounding down.
(4) The above failure cost is obtained by the following formula:
Figure BDA0001800404560000123
wherein, Ccfi＝Cssi+εCjxi；
Cssi＝KdtgPavie；
Figure BDA0001800404560000124
Wherein, CFTo cost of failure; r is0The current rate is the current rate; t is the service life cycle of the distribution transformer; ccfiCost of failure for distribution transformer of the ith year; cssiThe fault loss fee of the distribution transformer in the ith year; epsilon is the annual accident rate of the distribution transformer; cjxiThe fault maintenance cost of the distribution transformer in the ith year; kdThe conversion factor is the power price; t is tgThe average annual accident power failure time; paviThe average active power of the distribution transformer in the ith year; nG is the number of weather type scenes; t is tdIs the number of time periods in a day; omegajIs the probability of the occurrence of the j-th weather; pDi,tThe average load active power of the distribution transformer in the ith time period of the ith year; pGi,j,tThe ith year, jth weatherAverage active power of the distributed photovoltaics of the segments; eta is the load natural growth rate.
(5) The decommissioning disposal cost is related to the scrapping cost of the distribution transformer and the equipment residual value fee, and can be obtained by the following formula:
Figure BDA0001800404560000131
wherein, CDA cost for retirement disposition; r is0The current rate is the current rate; t is the operating life cycle of the distribution transformer; cbfThe cost of scrapping the distribution transformer in the operating life cycle; cczThe residual value of the equipment of the distribution transformer in the operation life cycle is charged.
Furthermore, the invention also provides a specific calculation embodiment of the method, and the capacity S of a certain distribution transformer is knownTNRated voltage (i.e., the aforementioned nominal voltage) V of the high-voltage side is 630kVA1N10.5kV, rated voltage V of low-voltage side2N0.4kV, low voltage side voltage value
Figure BDA0001800404560000132
Is shown in the following table 1, the average load active power PDi,tValue of and average load reactive power QDi,t(or
Figure BDA0001800404560000133
) Is shown in table 2, the average active power of the distributed photovoltaic system
Figure BDA0001800404560000134
(or
Figure BDA0001800404560000135
) The values of (A) are shown in Table 3, and the distribution transformer purchase cost CGZ8 ten thousand yuan, safe debugging fee CAZ0.2 ten thousand yuan, the comprehensive electricity price e is 0.65 yuan/kWh, and the no-load loss P00.81kW, load loss Pk6.2kW, average load factor betai,j,tIs gotThe values are shown in Table 3, the probability ω of occurrence of each type of weatherjThe values of (A) are shown in Table 4, the natural load increase rate eta is 4%, and the discount rate r03%, the overhaul times m are 3 times, and the cost of single overhaul cd0.8 ten thousand yuan, the cost of single minor repair cx0.2 ten thousand yuan, i year fault cost of distribution transformer CcfiThe values of (A) are shown in Table 5, the power price conversion factor Kd10, mean time to failure in yearg30 hours, the failure inspection cost C of the distribution transformerjxi0.2 ten thousand yuan, 0.15 annual accident rate epsilon, and the average active power P of the distribution transformeraviThe values of (A) are shown in Table 5, the scrapped cost of the distribution transformer Cbf0.4 ten thousand yuan, equipment residual charge CczIs 0.3 ten thousand yuan.
TABLE 1 Low-Voltage-side Voltage values of distribution transformers
Figure BDA0001800404560000136
Figure BDA0001800404560000141
TABLE 2 average load active power and average load reactive power
Figure BDA0001800404560000151
Figure BDA0001800404560000161
TABLE 3 distributed photovoltaic average active Power
Figure BDA0001800404560000162
Figure BDA0001800404560000171
TABLE 4 probability of weather occurrence
In sunny days Cloudy day Rainy day
0.28 0.44 0.28
TABLE 5 cost of failure and average active power of distribution transformers
Figure BDA0001800404560000172
Figure BDA0001800404560000181
(1) Calculating the operation life cycle T of the distribution transformer connected with the distributed photovoltaic according to the voltage operation constraint of the low-voltage side of the distribution transformer and the load rate operation constraint of the distribution transformer to be 26 years;
(2) calculating to obtain multiple cost influence factor values of the distribution transformer in the circumferential operating life T, i.e. initial investment cost CI8.20 ten thousand yuan, operation cost CW4.53 ten thousand yuan, and the maintenance cost CO6.28 ten thousand yuan, failure cost CF22.14 ten thousand yuan and retirement disposition cost CD0.05 ten thousand yuan;
(3) algebraic generation of multiple cost impact factor valuesAnd, the algebraic sum is taken as the cost of the distribution transformer, i.e. C ═ CI+CW+CO+CF+CD41.20 ten thousand yuan; and if the operation life cycle of the distribution transformer is fixedly set to be 20 years according to the traditional method, the cost obtained by the evaluation calculation is 34.16 ten thousand yuan, so that the influence of distributed photovoltaic, load types and the operation condition of the distribution transformer on the service life of the distribution transformer is not considered in the traditional method, the cost of the distribution transformer obtained by evaluation is relatively low, the result is conservative, and the reliability is low.
In response to the foregoing method, an embodiment of the present invention provides a cost calculation apparatus for a distribution transformer, where the distribution transformer is connected to a distributed photovoltaic system, and the apparatus includes:
the operation life cycle calculation module 302 is configured to calculate an operation life cycle of the distribution transformer according to a low-voltage side voltage operation constraint and a load rate operation constraint of the distribution transformer;
a cost impact factor value calculation module 304 for calculating a plurality of cost impact factor values for the distribution transformer over an operational life cycle; the plurality of cost impact factor values comprise at least a plurality of initial investment costs, operating costs, overhaul and maintenance costs, failure costs, and retirement disposal costs;
and the cost calculation module 306 is used for calculating an algebraic sum of the cost influence factor values, and using the algebraic sum as the cost of the distribution transformer.
The embodiment of the invention provides a cost calculation device of a distribution transformer, which comprises a service life cycle calculation module, a load rate calculation module and a load limit calculation module, wherein the service life cycle calculation module calculates the service life cycle of the distribution transformer according to the low-voltage side voltage operation constraint and the load rate operation constraint of the distribution transformer; calculating a plurality of cost influence factor values of the distribution transformer in the operation life cycle through a cost influence factor value calculation module; and finally, the cost calculation module calculates the algebraic sum of a plurality of cost influence factor values, and the algebraic sum is used as the cost of the distribution transformer. The method comprises the steps of firstly, comprehensively considering the influence of the low-voltage side voltage and the load factor of the distribution transformer on the operation life cycle, and calculating the operation life cycle; and thus the cost of the distribution transformer. Compared with the mode that the cost of the distribution transformer is directly calculated based on the fixedly set service life in the prior art, the reliability is high, and effective scientific guidance can be provided for the type selection of the distribution transformer.
Further, another cost calculating apparatus for a distribution transformer according to an embodiment of the present invention is provided, and based on fig. 3, a specific structure of the operation life cycle calculating module 302 is shown in detail, referring to fig. 4, where the operation life cycle calculating module 302 includes:
the first lifetime range calculating unit 402 calculates a first lifetime range of the distribution transformer according to the low-voltage side operation constraint of the distribution transformer.
The second lifetime range calculating unit 404 calculates a second lifetime range of the distribution transformer according to the load factor operation constraint of the distribution transformer.
The operational life cycle determining unit 406 uses the maximum value in the intersection of the first service life range and the second service life range as the operational life cycle of the distribution transformer.
The device provided in this embodiment has the same implementation principle and technical effect as those of the foregoing embodiments, and for the sake of brief description, reference may be made to the corresponding contents in the foregoing method embodiments for the parts of the device embodiments that are not mentioned.
In the several embodiments provided in the present application, it should be understood that the disclosed system, apparatus and method may be implemented in other ways. The above-described embodiments of the apparatus are merely illustrative, and for example, the division of the units is only one logical functional division, and there may be other divisions when actually implemented, and for example, a plurality of units or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be omitted, or not executed. In addition, the shown or discussed mutual coupling or direct coupling or communication connection may be an indirect coupling or communication connection of devices or units through some communication interfaces, and may be in an electrical, mechanical or other form.
The units described as separate parts may or may not be physically separate, and parts displayed as units may or may not be physical units, may be located in one place, or may also be distributed on a plurality of network units. Some or all of the units can be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of the embodiment.
In addition, functional units in the embodiments of the present invention may be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit may exist alone physically, or two or more units are integrated into one unit.
The functions, if implemented in the form of software functional units and sold or used as a stand-alone product, may be stored in a non-volatile computer-readable storage medium executable by a processor. Based on such understanding, the technical solution of the present invention may be embodied in the form of a software product, which is stored in a storage medium and includes instructions for causing a computer device (which may be a personal computer, a server, or a network device) to execute all or part of the steps of the method according to the embodiments of the present invention. And the aforementioned storage medium includes: a U-disk, a removable hard disk, a Read-Only Memory (ROM), a Random Access Memory (RAM), a magnetic disk or an optical disk, and other various media capable of storing program codes.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above-mentioned embodiments are merely specific embodiments of the present invention, which are used for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and not for limiting the same, and the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, although the present invention is described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that: those skilled in the art can still make modifications or changes to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or make equivalent substitutions for some technical features within the technical scope of the present disclosure; such modifications, changes or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the embodiments of the present invention, and they should be construed as being included therein. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.

Claims (9)

1. A method of cost calculation for a distribution transformer, the distribution transformer connected to a distributed photovoltaic, the method comprising:
calculating the operation life cycle of the distribution transformer according to the low-voltage side voltage operation constraint and the load factor operation constraint of the distribution transformer;
calculating a plurality of cost impact factor values for the distribution transformer over the operational life cycle; the plurality of cost impact factor values comprise at least a plurality of initial investment costs, operating costs, overhaul and maintenance costs, failure costs, and retirement disposal costs;
calculating an algebraic sum of the cost influence factor values, and taking the algebraic sum as the cost of the distribution transformer;
the step of calculating the operation life cycle of the distribution transformer according to the low-voltage side voltage operation constraint and the load factor operation constraint of the distribution transformer comprises the following steps:
calculating to obtain a first service life range of the distribution transformer according with the low-voltage side operation constraint of the distribution transformer;
calculating to obtain a second service life range of the distribution transformer according with the load rate operation constraint of the distribution transformer;
and taking the maximum value in the intersection of the first service life range and the second service life range as the service life cycle of the distribution transformer.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the low side operating constraints of the distribution transformer are: the voltage value of the low-voltage side of the distribution transformer is within +/-7% of the nominal voltage of the distribution transformer; the first age range is obtained by:
obtaining
Figure FDA0002640870730000011
When it is established i1A value set of (a);
wherein, V2NIs the nominal voltage of the low voltage side of the distribution transformer;
Figure FDA0002640870730000021
denotes the ith1A voltage value of a low-voltage side of the distribution transformer at a jth weather time of year;
based on the i1And determining the first service life range.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the load rate operating constraints of the distribution transformer are: the load factor of the distribution transformer is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 1; the second age range is obtained by:
obtaining
Figure FDA0002640870730000022
When it is established i2A value set of (a);
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure FDA0002640870730000023
is the ith2The average load active power of the distribution transformer for the tth period of the year,
Figure FDA0002640870730000024
is the ith2Average active power of the distributed photovoltaic at time t of class jth weather;
Figure FDA0002640870730000025
is the ith2Average load reactive power on the low side of the distribution transformer for a tth period of the year; sTNIs the rated capacity of the distribution transformer;
based on the i2And determining the second service life range.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the initial investment cost is derived by the following equation:
Figure FDA0002640870730000026
wherein, CI(ii) is the initial investment cost; x is the number ofTThe type of the distribution transformer; sTNIs the rated capacity of the distribution transformer; g (-) is a function of the initial investment cost of the distribution transformer as a function of the rated capacity and the model; r is0The current rate is the current rate; and T is the service life cycle of the distribution transformer.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the operating cost is derived by the formula:
Figure FDA0002640870730000027
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure FDA0002640870730000031
PDi,t＝(1+η)i-1PD1,t i＝2,3,...,T；
wherein, CWFor the operating cost; r is0The current rate is the current rate; t is the operating life cycle of the distribution transformer; e is the comprehensive electricity price; nG is the number of weather type scenes; t is tdIs the number of time periods in a day; p0And PkAre respectively provided withThe no-load loss of the distribution transformer and the load loss of the distribution transformer; beta is ai,j,tThe average load rate of the distribution transformer is the ith type of weather and the t period of the ith year; omegajIs the probability of the occurrence of the j-th weather; sDi,j,tApparent power of the distribution transformer at time t of jth weather of ith year; sTNIs the rated capacity of the distribution transformer; pDi,tThe average load active power of the distribution transformer for the ith year time period; pGi,j,tAverage active power of the distributed photovoltaic for the ith year class jth weather time period; qDi,tAverage load reactive power on the low-voltage side of the distribution transformer for the ith year period t; pD1,tThe average load active power of the distribution transformer for the t period of the 1 st year; eta is the natural growth rate of the load.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the service maintenance cost is derived by the formula:
CO＝CDX+CXX；
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure FDA0002640870730000032
Figure FDA0002640870730000033
wherein, CO(iv) maintenance costs for said overhaul; cDXA major repair cost for the distribution transformer over the operational life cycle T; cXXA minor repair cost for the distribution transformer over the operational life cycle T; r is0The current rate is the current rate; t is the operating life cycle of the distribution transformer; c. CdThe cost of single overhaul; c. CxThe cost of single minor repair; m is the number of overhaul times; floor (. cndot.) indicates decimal rounding down.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the cost of failure is derived by the formula:
Figure FDA0002640870730000041
wherein, Ccfi＝Cssi+εCjxi；
Cssi＝KdtgPavie；
Figure FDA0002640870730000042
Wherein, CFA cost for the fault; r is0The current rate is the current rate; t is the operating life cycle of the distribution transformer; ccfiCost of failure of the distribution transformer for year i; cssiA fault loss fee for the distribution transformer for the ith year; epsilon is the annual accident rate of the distribution transformer; cjxiA troubleshooting fee for the distribution transformer for the ith year; kdThe conversion factor is the power price; t is tgThe average annual accident power failure time; paviThe average active power of the distribution transformer in the ith year; nG is the number of weather type scenes; t is tdIs the number of time periods in a day; omegajIs the probability of the occurrence of the j-th weather; pDi,tThe average load active power of the distribution transformer for the ith year time period; pGi,j,tAverage active power of the distributed photovoltaic for the ith year class jth weather time period; eta is the natural growth rate of the load; and e is the comprehensive electricity price.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein the retirement disposition cost is derived by the following equation:
Figure FDA0002640870730000043
wherein, CD(ii) a cost for the retirement disposition; r is0The current rate is the current rate; t isIs the operational life cycle of the distribution transformer; cbfThe cost of scrapping the distribution transformer during the operational life cycle; cczAnd charging the residual value of the equipment of the distribution transformer in the operation life cycle.
9. A cost calculation apparatus for a distribution transformer, wherein the distribution transformer is connected to a distributed photovoltaic, the apparatus comprising:
the operation life cycle calculation module is used for calculating the operation life cycle of the distribution transformer according to the low-voltage side voltage operation constraint and the load rate operation constraint of the distribution transformer;
a cost impact factor value calculation module for calculating a plurality of cost impact factor values for the distribution transformer over the operational life cycle; the plurality of cost impact factor values comprise at least a plurality of initial investment costs, operating costs, overhaul and maintenance costs, failure costs, and retirement disposal costs;
the cost calculation module is used for solving the algebraic sum of the cost influence factor values and taking the algebraic sum as the cost of the distribution transformer;
the operational life cycle calculation module includes:
the first service life range calculating unit is used for calculating a first service life range of the distribution transformer according with the low-voltage side operation constraint of the distribution transformer;
the second service life range calculating unit is used for calculating a second service life range of the distribution transformer according with the load rate operation constraint of the distribution transformer;
and the operation life cycle determining unit is used for determining the maximum value in the intersection of the first service life range and the second service life range as the operation life cycle of the distribution transformer.
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