CN109297624A - A kind of auxiliary device for calculating deep groove ball bearing moment of friction - Google Patents
A kind of auxiliary device for calculating deep groove ball bearing moment of friction Download PDFInfo
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- CN109297624A CN109297624A CN201811427776.6A CN201811427776A CN109297624A CN 109297624 A CN109297624 A CN 109297624A CN 201811427776 A CN201811427776 A CN 201811427776A CN 109297624 A CN109297624 A CN 109297624A
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- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 41
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 description 15
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010687 lubricating oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005489 elastic deformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003447 ipsilateral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L3/00—Measuring torque, work, mechanical power, or mechanical efficiency, in general
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Abstract
A kind of auxiliary device for calculating deep groove ball bearing moment of friction, including test host, radial loading device and video camera, the inner ring of tested deep groove ball bearing is fixedly mounted on the main shaft of test host, is driven and is rotated by main shaft, and one end of connecting power device is equipped with electromagnetic brake on main shaft；Radial loading device includes bracket, the arm of force, clump weight and spherical roller, the midpoint of the arm of force is rotatably supported on bracket, the clump weight hangs on one end of the arm of force, spherical roller is mounted on the other end of the arm of force, and it can freely roll, spherical roller withstands on the outer ring lower part of tested deep groove ball bearing in the form of point contact, and the video camera setting is both connected on control computer in the side of test host, the electromagnetic brake and the video camera.The apparatus structure is reasonable, it is easy to operate, at low cost, measuring and calculating moment of friction can be accurately provided needed for measurement parameter, guarantee the accuracy of moment of friction measuring and calculating.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to fine measuring instrument technical fields, and in particular to a kind of to calculate the auxiliary of deep groove ball bearing moment of friction
Help device.
Background technique
When deep groove ball bearing operation, outer ring, inner ring, relative motion between four components of rolling element and retainer rolled
Dynamic friction and sliding friction hinder the rotation of deep groove ball bearing, generate moment of friction.Excessive moment of friction will lead to bearing
Temperature increases in the process of running, and high temperature can reduce the performance of lubricant, even result in failure, eventually lead to bearing and damage completely
It is bad.Moment of friction can also generate vibration and noise, seriously affect the dynamic property of bearing, therefore in many dynamic of deep groove ball bearing
In state index, moment of friction occupies an important position.
There are many moment of friction influence factor, the parameters such as bearing arrangement, size, geometric accuracy, material and heat treatment performance, work
Make the parameters such as load, assembly precision, lubricating condition and environment, various factors influences each other, and analytic process is extremely complex, so i.e.
It is not necessarily the same the bearing frictional torque of same model also.
This technical parameter of moment of friction is required at present higher and higher, it is therefore desirable to precisely measure this technical parameter.
Bearing frictional torque generally uses two methods to be evaluated, first is that checking bearing rotary process using the method for free-hand inspection
Choking phenomenon, thus roughly determine bearing drag relative size, another kind is measured by friction torque testing instrument,
This is a kind of objective scientific measurement method.Therefore, the development and use of measurement of friction torque instrument have become research bearing friction
The important means of torque.But the mechanical structure of current measurement of friction torque instrument is excessively complicated, not easy to be processed, at high cost, or design
Unreasonable testing result inaccuracy.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to solve to problem of the existing technology, one kind is provided to calculate deep-groove ball axis
The auxiliary device for holding moment of friction, the Parameter analysis measured using the device obtain the frictional force of deep groove ball bearing indirectly
Square, the apparatus structure is reasonable, it is easy to operate, at low cost, measuring and calculating moment of friction can be accurately provided needed for measurement parameter, guarantee
The accuracy of moment of friction measuring and calculating.
To achieve the goals above, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is that:
A kind of auxiliary device for calculating deep groove ball bearing moment of friction, including test host, radial loading device and camera shooting
The inner ring of machine, tested deep groove ball bearing is fixedly mounted on the main shaft of test host, drives tested deep groove ball bearing rotation by main shaft
Turn, and one end of connecting power device is equipped with electromagnetic brake on main shaft；The radial loading device includes bracket, power
The midpoint of arm, clump weight and spherical roller, the arm of force is rotatably supported on bracket, and the clump weight hangs on one end of the arm of force, institute
The spherical roller stated is mounted on the other end of the arm of force, and can freely roll, and spherical roller withstands on the quilt in the form of point contact
The outer ring lower part of deep groove ball bearing is surveyed, the video camera setting is in the side of test host, the electromagnetic brake and described
Video camera be both connected to control computer on.
The power device include be arranged in test host on servo motor and transmission mechanism, transmission mechanism one end and
Servo motor connection, the other end are connected with the main shaft.
The main shaft is provided with mandrel to install one end of tested deep groove ball bearing, and mandrel one end is connecting pin, uses
To be fixedly mounted on main shaft, the mandrel other end is bearing installation end, to install tested deep groove ball bearing.
The axis body that there are the mandrel multiple diameters not wait, to install the tested deep groove ball bearing of different size.
Multiple row steel ball is set between the axle sleeve being fixedly installed outside the main shaft and main shaft, and steel ball is mounted on copper-based retainer
On, and steel ball and main shaft and axle sleeve are interference fit；Installed thrust ball bearing, and two thrusts are distinguished at the both ends of main shaft
Ball bearing is respectively positioned between axle sleeve and main shaft, and the one end connected on main shaft with power device is equipped with round nut, realizes main shaft
Axially position.
The multiple row steel ball is in spiral distribution on copper-based retainer, and each column steel ball is made to have an individual raceway.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are:
The present invention can be monitored by video camera tested deep groove ball bearing outer ring from reduce speed now stop to the end it is total
Time and total angular displacement, and then the moment of friction of the deep groove ball bearing is calculated by corresponding calculation formula, it is of the invention
Apparatus structure is reasonable, it is easy to operate, at low cost, measuring and calculating moment of friction can be accurately provided needed for measurement parameter, guarantee friction
The accuracy of torque measuring and calculating.
In order to reduce the friction that outer bound pair is tested deep groove ball bearing, in the present invention radial loading device using spherical roller and
The outer ring of tested deep groove ball bearing is in contact, and is the rolling of point contact between such radial loading device and tested deep groove ball bearing
Rotation, and then reduce coefficient of friction, realize more accurately detecting for moment of friction.
In radial loading device, the midpoint of the arm of force is rotatably supported on bracket, such clump weight and spherical roller to power
Arm midpoint is equidistant, therefore the weight of clump weight is exactly the radial load loaded, convenient for the control of radial load.
The structure of main shaft can reduce the abrasion loss of main shaft and boss surfaces in the present invention, improve service life and the rotation of main shaft
Precision guarantees the accuracy of device measurement.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is structural schematic diagram of the invention；
Fig. 2 is the structural schematic diagram of radial loading device；
Fig. 3 is the structural schematic diagram of main shaft；
Marked in the figure: 1, servo motor, 2, small synchronous pulley, 3, synchronous belt, 4, big synchronous pulley, 5, electromagnetic brake,
6, axle sleeve, 7, main shaft, 8, mandrel, 9, tested deep groove ball bearing, 10, radial loading device, 11, video camera, 12, bracket, 13,
Clump weight, 14, the arm of force, 15, spherical roller, 16, round nut, 17, thrust ball bearing, 18, copper-based retainer.
Specific embodiment
With reference to the accompanying drawing, by specific embodiment, further description of the technical solution of the present invention.
As shown, it is of the present invention it is a kind of calculate deep groove ball bearing moment of friction auxiliary device include test host,
Radial loading device 10, video camera 11 and control computer, test host be rotation for driving tested deep groove ball bearing 9 and
Stop, including rack, servo motor 1, transmission mechanism, electromagnetic brake 5, axle sleeve 6, main shaft 7, mandrel 8, wherein servo motor 1
It is fixedly mounted on the lower part of rack, the transmission mechanism can use synchronous belt drive mechanism or other structures, the present embodiment
In be illustrated with synchronous belt drive mechanism, including small synchronous pulley 2, synchronous belt 3 and big synchronous pulley 4,2 He of small synchronous pulley
The output axis connection of servo motor 1, big synchronous pulley 4 are mounted on one end of the main shaft 7, real by the engagement of synchronous belt 3
Existing servo motor 1 rotates the driving of main shaft 7, and the axle sleeve 6 is additionally provided in the outside of main shaft 7, and axle sleeve 6 is to be fixedly mounted on
Static class part in rack plays support guide, and the electromagnetism is also set up between 6 end of axle sleeve and big synchronous pulley 4
Brake 5, to stop the rotation of main shaft 7；7 end of main shaft is stretched out from axle sleeve 6, and is equipped with mandrel 8, mandrel 8 and master
It is connected between axis 7 by spline, and by bolt axial restraint, the mounting surface with multiple concentric different diameters in mandrel 8, to pacify
Various sizes of tested deep groove ball bearing 9 is filled, is fixedly connected between the inner ring and mandrel 8 of tested deep groove ball bearing 9.
The radial loading device 10 carries out radial loaded to the tested deep groove ball bearing 9 installed on center roller 8,
Including bracket 12, the arm of force 14, clump weight 13 and spherical roller 15, the midpoint of the arm of force 14 is rotatably supported on bracket 12, described to match
Pouring weight 13 hangs on one end of the arm of force 14, and the spherical roller 15 is mounted on the other end of the arm of force 14, and can freely roll,
The distance at clump weight 13 to 14 midpoint of the arm of force is equal to the distance that spherical roller 15 arrives 14 midpoint of the arm of force, the weight of such clump weight 13
The radial load exactly loaded, in order to reduce the friction to bearing, the spherical roller 15 is withstood on described in the form of point contact
The outer ring lower part of tested deep groove ball bearing 9, i.e. contact point is located on the spherical diameter of spherical roller 15.
The video camera 11 is then mounted on the side of mandrel 8, to record the rotation of tested 9 outer ring of deep groove ball bearing.
In order to improve the rotating accuracy of the rotation of main shaft 7, the coefficient of friction of entire shafting is reduced, is set between main shaft 7 and axle sleeve 6
There is multiple row steel ball, and positioned by copper-based retainer 18, distinguishes installed thrust ball bearing 17, and two at the both ends of main shaft 7
A thrust ball bearing 17 is respectively positioned between axle sleeve 6 and main shaft 7, is equipped on main shaft 7 to install one end of tested deep groove ball bearing 9
Ring flange, the one end connected on main shaft 7 with power device are equipped with round nut 16, realize the axially position of main shaft 7, steel ball is in copper
In spiral distribution in base retainer 18, each column steel ball has an individual raceway, to reduce the mill on 6 surface of main shaft 7 and axle sleeve
Damage amount improves 7 service life of main shaft and running accuracy；It is interference fit between main shaft 7, steel ball and axle sleeve 6, running accuracy is higher,
The circular runout of main shaft 7 and axial float within 2 μm, smooth running, flexibly, it is ensured that the rotating accuracy of main shaft 7 and
Running stability.
The present invention carries out application method when moment of friction measuring and calculating: it is complete that device of the present invention is carried out installation and debugging
Finish, start servo motor 1, drives main shaft 7 to rotate by small synchronous pulley 2, synchronous belt 3, big synchronous pulley 4, be tested deep-groove ball
The inner ring of bearing 9 also rotates synchronously therewith because being fixed in mandrel 8, and outer ring starts to rotate under frictional force effect, works as inner ring
After speed reaches test determination revolving speed and runs smoothly, starting electromagnetic brake 5 makes main shaft 7 quickly stop operating, and is tested zanjon
9 inner ring of ball bearing, which also synchronizes, to stop operating, and outer ring starts to make retarded motion under effect of inertia, and the video camera 11 is remembered
Record outer ring reduces speed now to stopping total time used and total angular displacement, and then obtains outer ring in the angular velocity omega of moderating processo,
Finally by the moment of friction that tested deep groove ball bearing 9 is calculated.
Using the obtained outer ring of the present invention moderating process angular velocity omegaoTo calculate the public affairs of deep groove ball bearing moment of friction
Formula can be obtained by following steps.
Rolling element in the tested deep groove ball bearing is numbered, loaded maximum on radial load position is acted on
Rolling element be No. 0, both sides are symmetrical, are followed successively by 1,2,3 ..., and define position angle ψ=0 ° of No. 0 rolling element；
The deep groove ball bearing displacement that inside and outside circle occurs on external force direction after being acted on by radial force is δr, assisted according to deformation
Tune condition, number are total elastic deformation amount between the rolling element of q and Internal and external cycle are as follows:
δq=δrcosψq (1)
In formula: q indicates rolling element serial number, ψqIndicate the position angle for the rolling element that number is q.
The δrIt can be measured by the way that the camera record of deep groove ball bearing side is arranged in, calliper to measure can also be used,
Measurement is not when by radial force first, the height H of bearing inner race inner surface to outer ring outer surface1, then measure by diameter
Height H of the bearing inner race inner surface to outer ring outer surface when to power2, then δr=H1-H2。
There is following relationship according to Hertzian contact theory, between contact load and juxtaposition metamorphose:
In formula: QqIndicate the rolling element and raceway contact load that number is q when inside and outside contact angle is equal；KnIndicate rolling element
Total load displacement constant between Internal and external cycle；For deep groove ball bearing, n=1.5.
Obviously on radial load action direction, contact load is maximum, at this time:
It can be obtained by formula (2) and formula (3):
The contact load of q-th of rolling element is
Qq=Qmaxcosnψq (5)
The equilibrium equation of outer ring indicates are as follows:
In formula: K indicates loaded the smallest rolling element serial number；
It can be obtained by formula (5) and formula (6):
And due to Fr=M-Gr (8)
In formula: M indicates the weight of clump weight, GrIndicate outer ring weight.
Therefore, the rolling element and raceway contact load Q that arbitrary number is q can be found outq。
On steel ball rolling direction, the power acted on steel ball has 2 hydrodynamic rolling force Ffi、Ffo, FfiIndicate lubrication
Under the conditions of steel ball contacted with bear inner ring grooved railway in hydrodynamic rolling force, FfoIndicate that steel ball is contacted with outer ring raceway under lubricating condition
In hydrodynamic rolling force.Due to steel ball and inner ring and steel ball and outer ring geometric angle having the same and load-up condition,
It can be concluded that Ffi=Ffo=Ff, proposed according to Biboulet and Houpert and flowed down in elastic hydrodynamic lubrication (EHL) condition
Body dynamic pressure rolling force calculation method:
In formula: U is the speed parameter that dimension is one:
W is the load parameter that dimension is one:
It is the dynamic viscosity of lubricating oil under operating temperature, Pas；V=(v1+v2)/2 are flat for ball-channel contact area
Equal tangential velocity, m/s；v1It is rolling element-outer ring raceway contact area tangential velocity, v2It is rolling element-bear inner ring grooved railway contact zone
The tangential velocity in domain can be calculated by v=ω r, and ω indicates that the angular speed of bearing internal external circle, r indicate rolling element-channel contact in formula
Region to bearing axis distance, for patent device, due to static ω=0 of inner ring at this time, so v2=0；E*It is two to connect
Touch the equivalent elastic modulus of object, E*=2.3 × 1011Pa；K is radius ratio Ry/Rx；RyIt is the equivalent curvature half in principal plane I
Diameter, RxIt is the equivalent radius of curvature in principal plane II；
Wherein, principal plane I: the axial plane for providing contact point is principal plane I,
Principal plane II: the sagittal plane for providing contact point is principal plane II,
Axial plane: crossing the plane of bearing rotary axis,
Sagittal plane: the plane vertical with bearing rotary axis.
When rolling element center and bear inner ring grooved railway circular arc curvature center are when the two contact point is ipsilateral, then in principal plane I etc.
Imitate radius of curvature RyCalculation formula is
Bear inner ring grooved railway circular arc curvature radius R1Greater than rolling element radius R2。
When rolling element center and bear inner ring grooved railway circular arc curvature center are in the two contact point heteropleural, then in principal plane II
Equivalent radius of curvature RxCalculation formula be
Bear inner ring grooved railway circular arc curvature radius R1Greater than rolling element radius R2。
Retainer does the circular motion to slow down together with rolling element, and acceleration is made of two parts: normal acceleration and
Tangential acceleration, using retainer and rolling element as referential, then the inertia force F of retainer in the tangential directionτ
In formula: mcIt is to maintain frame quality；Z is bearing roller number；mbIt is to roll weight；ωoIt is the angle speed of outer ring
Degree；R is the channel radius relative to rotary shaft.
During scrolling due to the elastic hysteresis property of material, former and later two partial pressures distribution of contact zone is not right
Claim, raceway can generate a force of rolling friction to rolling element, introduce the equivalent elasticity for acting on rolling element center an of illusion
Lag rolling resistance Fh, function and effect are as the function and effect of force of rolling friction, then the equivalent bullet for the rolling element that number is q
Property lag rolling resistance Fhq
In formula: ahIt is elastic hysteresis loss coefficient；B is Contact Ellipse semi-minor axis length；R is rolling element radius.
It is M that retainer, which generates moment of friction to rolling element,bc
In formula: ωoThe angular speed of outer ring；C is the width of contact region between rolling element and retainer；rcIt is to maintain frame pocket hole
Radius；D is rolling element diameter；h0It is the minimum oil film thickness of lubricating oil；It is outer ring Angle Position.
It is rolled in plane in rolling element, total tangential resistance f suffered by loaded maximum rolling bodyτ
In the moderating process of outer ring, the moment of friction T on rolling element is acted onfτ
So far, the moment of friction of deep groove ball bearing can be obtained, and the process described above is suitable for general deep-groove ball
Bearing.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of auxiliary device for calculating deep groove ball bearing moment of friction, it is characterised in that: including test host, radial loaded dress
(10) and video camera (11) are set, the inner ring of tested deep groove ball bearing (9) is fixedly mounted on the main shaft (7) of test host, by leading
Axis (7) drives tested deep groove ball bearing (9) rotation, and one end of connecting power device is equipped with electromagnetic brake on main shaft (7)
(5)；The radial loading device (10) includes bracket (12), clump weight (13), the arm of force (14) and spherical roller (15), the arm of force
(14) midpoint is rotatably supported on bracket (12), and the clump weight (13) hangs on one end of the arm of force (14), the spherical surface
Idler wheel (15) is mounted on the other end of the arm of force (14), and can freely roll, and spherical roller (15) withstands on institute in the form of point contact
The outer ring lower part of tested deep groove ball bearing (9) is stated, the side of test host, the electromagnetic system is arranged in the video camera (11)
Dynamic device (5) and the video camera (11) are both connected on control computer.
2. a kind of auxiliary device for calculating deep groove ball bearing moment of friction according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described
Power device include be arranged in test host on servo motor (1) and transmission mechanism, transmission mechanism one end and servo motor
(1) it connects, the other end and the main shaft (7) connection.
3. a kind of auxiliary device for calculating deep groove ball bearing moment of friction according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described
Main shaft (7) be provided with mandrel (8) to install one end of tested deep groove ball bearing (9), mandrel (8) one end be connecting pin, use
To be fixedly mounted on main shaft (7), mandrel (8) other end is bearing installation end, to install tested deep groove ball bearing (9).
4. a kind of auxiliary device for calculating deep groove ball bearing moment of friction according to claim 3, it is characterised in that: described
Mandrel (8) axis body that has multiple diameters not equal, to install the tested deep groove ball bearing (9) of different size.
5. a kind of auxiliary device for calculating deep groove ball bearing moment of friction according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described
Main shaft (7) and the axle sleeve (6) that is fixedly installed outside of main shaft (7) between multiple row steel ball is set, steel ball is mounted on copper-based retainer
(18) on, and steel ball and main shaft (7) and axle sleeve (6) are interference fit；Installed thrust ball bearing is distinguished at the both ends of main shaft (7)
(17), and two thrust ball bearings (17) are respectively positioned between axle sleeve (6) and main shaft (7), and main shaft connects on (7) with power device
One end be equipped with round nut (16), realize main shaft (7) axially position.
6. a kind of auxiliary device for calculating deep groove ball bearing moment of friction according to claim 5, it is characterised in that: described
Multiple row steel ball it is in spiral distribution on copper-based retainer (18), make each column steel ball have an individual raceway.
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Cited By (5)
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| CN110095218A (en) * | 2019-04-26 | 2019-08-06 | 杭州电子科技大学 | Measure the electromagnetic actuator device and its measurement method of Frictional Moment for Rolling Bearings |
| CN110927055A (en) * | 2019-12-25 | 2020-03-27 | 中国航空工业集团公司西安飞机设计研究所 | Device and method for measuring friction coefficient between inner ring and outer ring of bearing |
| CN111947925A (en) * | 2020-08-03 | 2020-11-17 | 西安航天精密机电研究所 | High-precision rolling bearing friction torque testing device and method |
| CN114526911A (en) * | 2022-02-28 | 2022-05-24 | 河南科技大学 | Testing machine for testing bearing capacity of RV reducer main shaft |
| CN115077759A (en) * | 2022-06-15 | 2022-09-20 | 河南科技大学 | Measuring equipment and measuring method for dynamic friction torque of large-size bearing |
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| CN110095218A (en) * | 2019-04-26 | 2019-08-06 | 杭州电子科技大学 | Measure the electromagnetic actuator device and its measurement method of Frictional Moment for Rolling Bearings |
| CN110927055A (en) * | 2019-12-25 | 2020-03-27 | 中国航空工业集团公司西安飞机设计研究所 | Device and method for measuring friction coefficient between inner ring and outer ring of bearing |
| CN110927055B (en) * | 2019-12-25 | 2022-04-19 | 中国航空工业集团公司西安飞机设计研究所 | Device and method for measuring friction coefficient between inner ring and outer ring of bearing |
| CN111947925A (en) * | 2020-08-03 | 2020-11-17 | 西安航天精密机电研究所 | High-precision rolling bearing friction torque testing device and method |
| CN111947925B (en) * | 2020-08-03 | 2022-04-12 | 西安航天精密机电研究所 | High-precision rolling bearing friction torque testing device and method |
| CN114526911A (en) * | 2022-02-28 | 2022-05-24 | 河南科技大学 | Testing machine for testing bearing capacity of RV reducer main shaft |
| CN115077759A (en) * | 2022-06-15 | 2022-09-20 | 河南科技大学 | Measuring equipment and measuring method for dynamic friction torque of large-size bearing |
| CN115077759B (en) * | 2022-06-15 | 2024-06-04 | 河南科技大学 | Measuring equipment and measuring method for dynamic friction moment of large-size bearing |
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