CN109293980A - A kind of agricultural water-loss reducer - Google Patents
A kind of agricultural water-loss reducer Download PDFInfo
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- CN109293980A CN109293980A CN201811200257.6A CN201811200257A CN109293980A CN 109293980 A CN109293980 A CN 109293980A CN 201811200257 A CN201811200257 A CN 201811200257A CN 109293980 A CN109293980 A CN 109293980A
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- loss reducer
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
- C01B32/05—Preparation or purification of carbon not covered by groups C01B32/15, C01B32/20, C01B32/25, C01B32/30
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J3/00—Processes of treating or compounding macromolecular substances
- C08J3/02—Making solutions, dispersions, lattices or gels by other methods than by solution, emulsion or suspension polymerisation techniques
- C08J3/03—Making solutions, dispersions, lattices or gels by other methods than by solution, emulsion or suspension polymerisation techniques in aqueous media
- C08J3/075—Macromolecular gels
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
- C08J9/28—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof by elimination of a liquid phase from a macromolecular composition or article, e.g. drying of coagulum
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- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K17/00—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials
- C09K17/40—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials containing mixtures of inorganic and organic compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2303/00—Characterised by the use of starch, amylose or amylopectin or of their derivatives or degradation products
- C08J2303/02—Starch; Degradation products thereof, e.g. dextrin
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of agricultural water-loss reducers, belong to agricultural new material technology field.It include following component by weight: 20~40 parts of microcrystalline cellulose, 10~20 parts of cornstarch hydrogel, 3~6 parts of carbon microspheres.Agricultural water-loss reducer provided by the invention uses natural material, has biodegradable, while having better Water-saving effect.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of agricultural water-loss reducers, belong to agricultural new material technology field.
Background technique
Water-retaining agent, agricultural with and have appellation water absorbing agent, moisture preserving agent, agricultural frozen glue, hydrated soil, soil conditioner, poly-
Glue etc. is the general designation of water absorbent polymer, mainly there is 4 seed types: first is that being original with organic monomer (acrylic acid, acrylamide)
The fully synthetic type of material；Second is that using cellulose as the graft modification with cellulose type of raw material；Third is that is be made from starch is starch-grafted
Modified version；Fourth is that being the natural type of raw material with natural mineral matter etc. (such as vermiculite, montmorillonite, sepiolite).Various types are in agriculture
The exploitation of compound water retaining agent product that application on woods is had test and report, but assembled with different type by different proportion with answer
With, represent in the future development direction.Have effects that special drought resisting, water-saving, water conservation and conditioning water-retaining agent, drought resistance agent etc. are changed
It learns, the exploitation and application of physics and biological technology products, is to study to improve soil moisture situation and raising in the past 30 years in the world
One of the key content of plant water sources efficiency.
From the point of view of the state of the art, development trend and system advantage, Multifunctional protective aqua, novel drought resistant conditioner are researched and developed
It is to have prospect and feasible.First is that external had successful commercial product, industrialization technology is mature；Second is that China
Also water preservation and modified drought resistance agent production technology have been grasped substantially；Such as draught-resistant seed coating agent, the compound battalion of drought-resistant water-preserving
Support agent, anti-rising nutrition recuperating agent etc..So many kind especially is developed to Tangshan Bo Ya company, illustrates water-retaining agent
The maturation of technology.Third is that great attention and deep development of the country to water-saving agriculture, will be greatly promoted the water conservation high-new skill of drought resisting
The marketization and industrialization of art product.From the point of view of Environmental security, analyze existing domestic test report and show: agricultural are high
Molecule water-absorbing resin will not constitute to endanger to soil environment (unless raw materials for production are impure, contains harmfulness impurity；Or production technology
It is unqualified, remain intermediate byproduct).After polymer substance is degraded in the soil, the small molecule monomer of formation additionally aids soil
The formation of structure.
By the difference of manufacture raw material, water-retaining agent can be divided into starch, fiber-like and polymerization species.Wherein, polymerized monomer
Acrylates is used for a long time and will cause being incremented by for sodium ions content in soil if it is sodium form, then unfavorable to soil and plant.
Therefore, manufacturer's majority has been changed to production polyacrylic acid potassium or ammonium polyacrylate.Water-retaining agent on international market at present
There are two main classes, i.e. starch grafted acrylate polymerization crosslinking object (abbreviation starch grafting type) and acrylamide-acrylic acid
Salt crosslinking copolymerization object (abbreviation polyacrylamide).Acrylates is extremely active in ionic polymerized monomer, is gathered
It closes cross-linking agent water absorbent rate and rate is most strong, but stability and salt tolerance are poor, the service life is short.Starch is natural sex macromolecule, valence
Lattice are cheap and are easy to degrade, water absorbing capacity compared with polyacrylic acid salt error, but its hydrophily by water intermediate ion concentration influenced compared with
It is small.Acrylamide is the monomer for having polarity and relative inertness, and polymer absorption multiplying power and rate are compared with polyacrylic acid salt error.
By the Nomenclature Composition and Structure of Complexes of water-retaining agent as it can be seen that they are a kind of polyelectrolytes with certain degree of cross linking, at it
The hydrophilic functional group for having a large amount of carboxyl, hydroxyl etc. strong on the tridimensional network of crosslinking, this is the power of its water suction.Together
When, the cross-linked structure and hydrogen bond action of water-retaining agent itself again limit it and cannot unlimitedly absorb water.That is, not
With water-retaining agent its water absorbing capacity be different, improved with the increase of intrinsic hydrophily and charge density, and with its crosslinking
The increase of density and reduce.
Water absorbent rate and rate, water-retaining property and stability, gel strength are to measure the finger of water-retaining agent water suction and water-releasing
Mark, in general, the crosslinked polymer degree equally formed is lower, although water absorbent rate and rate are relatively higher, its water-retaining property,
Stability, gel strength are poorer;Vice versa.Agricultural high-absorbent resin, that is, water-retaining agent does not pursue merely high water absorption multiplying power, and
More focus on gel strength.But gel strength also cannot be excessively high, otherwise will affect its water-releasing.The good water-retaining agent of gel strength
Certain shapes is kept after sucking water, is not easy to disintegrate, has good suction to discharge water ability.Therefore, the water-retaining agent degree of cross linking is appropriate.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by the present invention lies in: a kind of agricultural water-loss reducer that Water-saving effect is good is provided.
A kind of agricultural water-loss reducer includes following component by weight: 20~40 parts of microcrystalline cellulose, cornstarch
10~20 parts of hydrogel, 3~6 parts of carbon microspheres.
The preparation method of the cornstarch hydrogel is: by weight, weighing 40~60 parts of cornstarch, is dissolved in
In 200~300 parts of distilled water, it is stirred into colloidal sol；Inorganic base aqueous solution is added to stir evenly, make sol pH 10~
11；Be warming up at 60~76 DEG C and react, after cooling and standings, then washed with distilled water immersion, gel be placed in freezing tank
Middle freezing, then room temperature are melted, and macropore cornstarch hydrogel is obtained after freeze-drying.
Reaction time is 2~4h.
The preparation method of carbon microspheres is: by weight, 20~35 parts of konjaku flour is taken, with 7~8 parts of organic acid, 3~6
Part starch, 2~3 parts of sodium bicarbonates and 30~35 parts of ethyl alcohol are uniformly mixed；Then mixture is placed in tube furnace, in inertia
Under the atmosphere of gas, heating charing after letting cool, solid residue is washed with sodium hydroxide solution, then with pure water to neutrality,
It after drying, is ground, obtains carbon microspheres.
Carbonization temperature is 1300~1350 DEG C, and carbonization time is 3~5h.
Agricultural water-loss reducer is in purposes in farmland.
The purposes, the dosage of agricultural water-loss reducer are 2-4Kg/hm2。
Beneficial effect
Agricultural water-loss reducer provided by the invention uses natural material, has biodegradable, while having better water conservation
Effect.
Specific embodiment
Embodiment 1
A kind of agricultural water-loss reducer includes following component by weight: 20 parts of microcrystalline cellulose, cornstarch hydrogel 10
Part, 3 parts of carbon microspheres.
The preparation method of the cornstarch hydrogel is: by weight, weighing 40 parts of cornstarch, is dissolved in distillation
In 200 parts of water, it is stirred into colloidal sol；It adds inorganic base aqueous solution to stir evenly, makes sol pH 10~11；It is warming up to
React 2h at 60 DEG C, after cooling and standings, then washed with distilled water immersion, gel be placed in freezing tank and is freezed, then room
Temperature is melted, and macropore cornstarch hydrogel is obtained after freeze-drying.
The preparation method of carbon microspheres is: by weight, taking 20 parts of konjaku flour, organic acid, 3 parts of starch, 2 parts with 7 parts
Sodium bicarbonate and 30 parts of ethyl alcohol are uniformly mixed；Then mixture is placed in tube furnace, under the atmosphere of inert gas, heating
Charing, carbonization temperature is 13000 DEG C, and carbonization time is 3h, and after letting cool, solid residue is washed with sodium hydroxide solution, then uses
Pure water after drying, is ground to neutrality, obtains carbon microspheres.
Embodiment 2
A kind of agricultural water-loss reducer includes following component by weight: 40 parts of microcrystalline cellulose, cornstarch hydrogel 20
Part, 6 parts of carbon microspheres.
The preparation method of the cornstarch hydrogel is: by weight, weighing 60 parts of cornstarch, is dissolved in distillation
In 300 parts of water, it is stirred into colloidal sol；It adds inorganic base aqueous solution to stir evenly, makes sol pH 10~11；It is warming up to
React 4h at 76 DEG C, after cooling and standings, then washed with distilled water immersion, gel be placed in freezing tank and is freezed, then room
Temperature is melted, and macropore cornstarch hydrogel is obtained after freeze-drying.
The preparation method of carbon microspheres is: by weight, taking 5 parts of konjaku flour, the organic acid, 6 parts of starch, 3 parts of carbon with 8 parts
Sour hydrogen sodium and 35 parts of ethyl alcohol are uniformly mixed；Then mixture is placed in tube furnace, under the atmosphere of inert gas, heat up charcoal
Change, carbonization temperature is 1350 DEG C, and carbonization time is 5h, after letting cool, solid residue is washed with sodium hydroxide solution, then use pure water
Washing after drying, is ground to neutrality, obtains carbon microspheres.
Embodiment 3
A kind of agricultural water-loss reducer includes following component by weight: 25 parts of microcrystalline cellulose, cornstarch hydrogel 12
Part, 8 parts of carbon microspheres.
The preparation method of the cornstarch hydrogel is: by weight, weighing 45 parts of cornstarch, is dissolved in distillation
In 250 parts of water, it is stirred into colloidal sol；It adds inorganic base aqueous solution to stir evenly, makes sol pH 10~11；It is warming up to
React 3h at 65 DEG C, after cooling and standings, then washed with distilled water immersion, gel be placed in freezing tank and is freezed, then room
Temperature is melted, and macropore cornstarch hydrogel is obtained after freeze-drying.
The preparation method of carbon microspheres is: by weight, taking 25 parts of konjaku flour, organic acid, 5 parts of starch, 2 parts with 7 parts
Sodium bicarbonate and 32 parts of ethyl alcohol are uniformly mixed；Then mixture is placed in tube furnace, under the atmosphere of inert gas, heating
Charing, carbonization temperature is 1310 DEG C, and carbonization time is 4h, and after letting cool, solid residue is washed with sodium hydroxide solution, then with pure
Water washing after drying, is ground to neutrality, obtains carbon microspheres.
Mg2+, Ca2+ salting liquid are prepared respectively, and concentration range 5% weighs the water-retaining agent of 0.1g respectively, is added to
500mL salting liquid, is stored at room temperature 48h, is filtered until anhydrous drip after being swollen it sufficiently with 100 mesh sieve, weighs water suction
Water-retaining agent afterwards obtains the Water absorption performance of water-retaining agent.
| Mg2+ salt-solution absorption efficiency gg-1 | Ca 2+ salt-solution absorption efficiency gg-1 | |
| Embodiment 1 | 150 | 155 |
| Embodiment 2 | 160 | 152 |
| Embodiment 3 | 142 | 144 |
Water-retaining agent is filled in soil, measures degradation rate after 10 days.
| Degradation rate % | |
| Embodiment 1 | 50 |
| Embodiment 2 | 62 |
| Embodiment 3 | 47 |
It can see that, the agricultural water-loss reducer for inventing offer uses natural material, has biodegradable, has simultaneously
Better Water-saving effect.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of agricultural water-loss reducer, which is characterized in that include following component by weight: microcrystalline cellulose 20~40
Part, 10~20 parts of cornstarch hydrogel, 3~6 parts of carbon microspheres.
2. agricultural water-loss reducer according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the preparation method of the cornstarch hydrogel
It is: by weight, weighs 40~60 parts of cornstarch, be dissolved in 200~300 parts of distilled water, be stirred into colloidal sol；Again plus
Enter inorganic base aqueous solution to stir evenly, makes sol pH 10~11；Be warming up at 60~76 DEG C and react, after cooling it is quiet
It sets, is then washed with distilled water immersion, gel is placed in freezing tank and is freezed, then room temperature is melted, and macropore corn is obtained after freeze-drying
Starch hydrogel.
3. agricultural water-loss reducer according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the reaction time is 2~4h.
4. agricultural water-loss reducer according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the preparation method of carbon microspheres is: by weight,
20~35 parts of konjaku flour are taken, organic acid, 3~6 parts of starch, 2~3 parts of sodium bicarbonates and 30~35 parts of the ethyl alcohol with 7~8 parts are mixed
It closes uniform；Then mixture is placed in tube furnace, under the atmosphere of inert gas, heating charing, after letting cool, by solid residue
It is washed with sodium hydroxide solution, then with pure water to neutrality, after drying, is ground, obtain carbon microspheres.
5. agricultural water-loss reducer according to claim 1, which is characterized in that carbonization temperature is 1300~1350 DEG C, when charing
Between be 3~5h.
6. the agricultural water-loss reducer of claim 1 is in purposes in farmland.
7. the purposes according to claim 6, which is characterized in that the dosage of agricultural water-loss reducer is 2-4Kg/hm2。
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201811200257.6A CN109293980A (en) | 2018-10-16 | 2018-10-16 | A kind of agricultural water-loss reducer |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201811200257.6A CN109293980A (en) | 2018-10-16 | 2018-10-16 | A kind of agricultural water-loss reducer |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN109293980A true CN109293980A (en) | 2019-02-01 |
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| CN201811200257.6A Pending CN109293980A (en) | 2018-10-16 | 2018-10-16 | A kind of agricultural water-loss reducer |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111592888A (en) * | 2020-05-27 | 2020-08-28 | 海南瑞茗阁实业有限公司 | Preparation and construction method of farmland irrigation water-retaining agent |
-
2018
- 2018-10-16 CN CN201811200257.6A patent/CN109293980A/en active Pending
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111592888A (en) * | 2020-05-27 | 2020-08-28 | 海南瑞茗阁实业有限公司 | Preparation and construction method of farmland irrigation water-retaining agent |
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Application publication date: 20190201 |