CN109284929A - The determination method of surface fuel loading of forest district - Google Patents
The determination method of surface fuel loading of forest district Download PDFInfo
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- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 78
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 230000036571 hydration Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000006703 hydration reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 4
- 241000218652 Larix Species 0.000 description 3
- 235000005590 Larix decidua Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 240000002853 Nelumbo nucifera Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000006508 Nelumbo nucifera Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000006510 Nelumbo pentapetala Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005381 potential energy Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- G08B17/005—Fire alarms; Alarms responsive to explosion for forest fires, e.g. detecting fires spread over a large or outdoors area
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Abstract
The determination method of surface fuel loading of forest district, belongs to forest fire protection technical field.The present invention in order to solve the problem of how to propose a kind of method can precisely determine surface fuel loading of forest district with this realize forest fires detect.The present invention includes Step 1: with choosing in standing forest earth's surface to be measured the sample of predetermined area, muti-piece sample prescription is chosen in sample ground;Step 2: weighing the quality of the surface fuel contained in sample prescription in step 1 and calculating combustible investigation area;Step 3: obtaining the specific value of each stand type surface fuel relative moisture content;Step 4: the stand type combustible relative hydration rate score that step 3 obtains calculates in conjunction with Surface fuel load calculation formula and determines surface fuel loading of forest district according to the quality of the combustible of step 2 acquisition, combustible investigation area.Method of the invention has the advantages that the Surface fuel load of more intuitive, quick and specific determining retaining ring forest zone surface fuel to be measured.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of determination methods of surface fuel loading of forest district, belong to forest fire protection technical field.
Background technique
Forest fire is one of major casualty of forest, and forest fire not only seriously destroys the forest reserves, causes huge warp
Ji loss, and cause the serious pollution of disaster area and surrounding area environment.The fighting of forest fire manages in the world all
It is a problem.With the continuous development of national economic development, the economic activity of people is also extremely active, the factor of forest fire
Also it greatly increases, prevention and alarm, the fighting difficulty of forest fire also greatly increase.In addition similar to Yunnan many years great drought in this way
Adverse weather phenomenon, the message of annual fatal forest fire can be heard without end, and fire prevention situation is increasingly serious.
Surface fuel load is the major parameter for estimating forest-fire climate three norms, it directly affects the release of combustible energy
Size, according to Surface fuel load size, so that it may estimate the potential energy distribution and fire intensity size of different fuel types, respectively
The load of the different types of combustible of kind is not fixed and invariable, and Surface fuel load multidate information is for woods in phytobiocoenose
Fiery manager and fire ecology researcher have great importance, under certain weather conditions combustible standing crop significantly shadow
Forest-fire climate is rung, if related quantity of flammable substances multidate information is it is known that can accurately estimate the forest-fire climate under specified conditions
Feature.Therefore the determination of surface fuel loading of forest district detects forest fires particularly important.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to solve how to propose that a kind of method can precisely determine forest zone surface fuel load
Amount realizes the problem of forest fires detect with this, and then provides the determination method of surface fuel loading of forest district.
Technical solution of the present invention:
The determination method of surface fuel loading of forest district, comprising the following steps:
Step 1: with choosing in standing forest earth's surface to be measured the sample of predetermined area, muti-piece sample prescription is chosen in sample ground;
Step 2: weighing the quality of the surface fuel contained in sample prescription in step 1 and calculating combustible investigation area;
Step 3: obtaining the specific value of each stand type surface fuel relative moisture content;
Step 4: according to the quality of the combustible of step 2 acquisition, combustible investigation area, the standing forest class that step 3 obtains
Type combustible relative hydration rate score calculates in conjunction with Surface fuel load calculation formula and determines surface fuel loading of forest district,
Its specific formula for calculation are as follows:
In formula, We is Surface fuel load, and Dh is combustible relative moisture content, and Ws is surface fuel quality, and S is flammable
Object investigation area.
Further, in step 1, the concrete mode for choosing the sample ground of predetermined area in standing forest earth's surface to be measured is, according to
Survey the slope aspect upgrowth situation of forest in the earth's surface of forest zone, successively choose tailo, half tailo, in Schattenseite and half Schattenseite predetermined area sample
Take muti-piece sample prescription as measurement sample prescription respectively as standard for manual sampling, and in the sample ground in ground.
Further, when choosing selection sample prescription in tailo, half tailo, Schattenseite and half Schattenseite sample ground, choosing method is
Diagonal along the sample ground chooses muti-piece sample prescription.
Further, in step 3, the specific method for obtaining each stand type surface fuel relative moisture content is, first
By contain in the sample prescription adopted back it is withered fall combustible sample and carry out weighing record using electronic balance, then contain in by sample prescription
The withered combustible sample that falls be placed in the climate box in laboratory, using 90 degrees Celsius dry 24 hours handle, until it is withered fall it is flammable
After object drying, the dry mass of combustible is weighed using electronic balance, finally calculates combustible phase using Fuel loads formula
To moisture content, specific formula for calculation are as follows:
In formula, Dh is combustible relative moisture content, and Wd is the weight that scale obtains when combustible acquires sample in its natural state
G, Wn are the weight g after the drying of combustible sample.
The invention has the following advantages:
1, Surface fuel load is determined using the determination method of surface fuel loading of forest district of the present invention how much, to woods
Important factor combustible consumption when fire occurs, Forest Fire intensity, which has, to be directly affected, by determining the more of Surface fuel load
The scale of forest fire can be directly determined less, and according to the analysis of Surface fuel load, it is flammable in reduction standing forest in time to be
The important measure prevented and treated, prevent forest fire from occurring;
2, the method for determination Surface fuel load of the invention is set out according to vegetation actual production environment in nature, is used
Vegetation measures the surface fuel loadings numerical value in each standing forest area, relatively common measurement method, this hair in different slope respectively
The numerical value for the Surface fuel load that bright measurement method obtains is more accurate, carries out forestry analysis convenient for forest-science personnel;
3, method of the invention have it is more intuitive, quick and specific determining retaining ring forest zone surface fuel to be measured can
The advantages of combustion things load;
4, the determination method of Surface fuel load of the invention establishes the specific calculated relationship model of Surface fuel load,
Influence of the natural factor to Fuel loads is considered, using more accurate operation method, there is preferable prediction
Effect can be used for predicting the determination of Surface fuel load numerical value in Different forest stands earth's surface.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the flow diagram present invention determine that surface fuel loading of forest district;
Fig. 2 is larchen Surface fuel load column diagram;
Specific embodiment
Specific embodiment 1: illustrating present embodiment, the forest zone surface fuel of present embodiment in conjunction with Fig. 1 to Fig. 2
Load method for determination of amount, comprising the following steps:
Step 1: with choosing in standing forest earth's surface to be measured the sample of predetermined area, muti-piece sample prescription is chosen in sample ground;
In this step, integer block sample prescription is chosen in the sample ground of standing forest earth's surface predetermined area to be measured, be specifically as follows 10,
20,40 pieces of sample prescriptions are convenient for this hair in order to the mean values for obtaining combustible mass in sample prescription, calculating combustible investigation area
Bright experiment measurement;The size for the sample prescription wherein chosen is the subquadrat of 1m × 1m.
Step 2: weighing the quality of the surface fuel contained in sample prescription in step 1 and calculating combustible investigation area;
It in this step, is 1m × 1m according to the quadrat size taken in step 1, it is artificial to collect sample using collection shovel
It is withered in side to fall combustible, the quality of combustible is weighed using difference calculation method, wherein difference calculation method is that is, removal installation can
Combustion things polybag or the quality for installing object;
Step 3: obtaining the specific value of each stand type surface fuel relative moisture content;
Step 4: according to the quality of the combustible of step 2 acquisition, combustible investigation area, the standing forest class that step 3 obtains
Type combustible relative hydration rate score calculates in conjunction with Surface fuel load calculation formula and determines surface fuel loading of forest district,
Its specific formula for calculation are as follows:
In formula, We is Surface fuel load, and Dh is combustible relative moisture content, and Ws is surface fuel quality, and S is flammable
Object investigation area.
Specific embodiment 2: illustrating present embodiment, the forest zone surface fuel of present embodiment in conjunction with Fig. 1 to Fig. 2
Load method for determination of amount, in step 1, the concrete mode for choosing the sample ground of predetermined area in standing forest earth's surface to be measured is, according to
Survey the slope aspect upgrowth situation of forest in the earth's surface of forest zone, successively choose tailo, half tailo, in Schattenseite and half Schattenseite predetermined area sample
Take muti-piece sample prescription as measurement sample prescription respectively as standard for manual sampling, and in the sample ground in ground.So set, according to forest zone earth's surface
The slope aspect upgrowth situation of interior forest, the load of combustible be it is Protean, using the present invention successively choose tailo, half light
It is used as to the sample of predetermined area standard for manual sampling in slope, Schattenseite and half Schattenseite, the corresponding combustible of acquisition that can be more accurate
Moisture content dynamic value, and then more accurate judgement and calculate Surface fuel load numerical value in the region.
Specific embodiment 3: illustrating present embodiment, the forest zone surface fuel of present embodiment in conjunction with Fig. 1 to Fig. 2
Load method for determination of amount, when choosing selection sample prescription in tailo, half tailo, Schattenseite and half Schattenseite sample ground, choosing method is
Diagonal along the sample ground chooses muti-piece sample prescription.So set, the mode due to selection is chosen using diagonal, have
Effect avoids sample prescription chosen area concentration, causes influence of the data of measurement by situation, eventually leads to Surface fuel load
The larger problem of numerical accuracy relative deviation, choosing sample prescription using diagonal can ensure in the sample prescription in the slope aspect
The moisture content of combustible, combustible weight, combustible area coverage are all more balanced, and it is negative to be more conducive to improving determining combustible
The precise degrees of lotus amount.
Specific embodiment 4: illustrating present embodiment, the forest zone surface fuel of present embodiment in conjunction with Fig. 1 to Fig. 2
Load method for determination of amount, in step 3, the specific method for obtaining each stand type surface fuel relative moisture content is, first
By contain in the sample prescription adopted back it is withered fall combustible sample and carry out weighing record using electronic balance, then contain in by sample prescription
The withered combustible sample that falls be placed in the climate box in laboratory, using 90 degrees Celsius dry 24 hours handle, until it is withered fall it is flammable
After object drying, the dry mass of combustible is weighed using electronic balance, finally calculates combustible phase using Fuel loads formula
To moisture content, specific formula for calculation are as follows:
In formula, Dh is combustible relative moisture content, and Wd is the weight that scale obtains when combustible acquires sample in its natural state
G, Wn are the weight g after the drying of combustible sample.
The present invention uses larch forest as measurement object in ecological environment, determines larch using the method for the present invention
The load of combustible, concrete mode are as follows in woods:
Step 1: choosing the sample of predetermined area in larch forest earth's surface, 20 pieces of sample prescriptions, this 20 pieces of sample are chosen in sample ground
Side is successively to choose each 5 pieces of sample prescriptions in tailo, half tailo, Schattenseite and half Schattenseite to be used as measurement sample prescription respectively, wherein the sample chosen
The size of side is the subquadrat of 1m × 1m;
Step 2: the quality for weighing the surface fuel contained in sample prescription in step 1 obtains such as following table data:
Table 1, combustible mass tables of data in 1m × 1m sample prescription
Above-mentioned combustible sample is placed in the climate box in laboratory, is dried 24 hours and is handled using 90 degrees Celsius, until
It is withered fall combustible drying after, the dry mass of combustible is weighed using electronic balance, and obtain quality information and be as follows:
Table 2, combustible dry weight tables of data:
Step 3: according to moisture content calculation formula:
In formula, Dh is combustible relative moisture content, and Wd is the weight that scale obtains when combustible acquires sample in its natural state
G, Wn are the weight g after the drying of combustible sample;
Water cut value is obtained to be as follows:
Table 3, Fuel loads statistical form in 1m × 1m sample prescription:
Step 4, according to the quality of the combustible of step 2 acquisition, combustible investigation area, the standing forest class that step 3 obtains
Type combustible relative hydration rate score, in conjunction with Surface fuel load calculation formula,
In formula, We is Surface fuel load, and Dh is combustible relative moisture content, and Ws is surface fuel quality, and S is flammable
Object investigation area
It calculates and determines surface fuel loading of forest district, and obtain calculated result statistical form:
Table 3, Surface fuel load statistical form:
In the inventive solutions, multiple groups sample prescription data can be collected in two seasons of spring and autumn respectively, and right respectively
The sample prescription data of different combustible height are grouped, packet mode using the height of combustible as group basis, utilize with
10cm is named as a benchmark foundation, and to each group, then calculates the mean height of combustible inside each section
The average weight that scale obtains when degree, average moisture content, combustible acquire sample in its natural state, and combustible is obtained by calculating
Average load amount, analyze combustible height and moisture content, Fresh Yuxincao, the relationship between combustible height, and every flammable
Object feature, and then obtain fire prevention fire prevention phase combustible substance characteristic situation of change.
Present invention determine that growing shape using the slope aspect of forest in stand type in the method for surface fuel loading of forest district
Condition is successively used as standard for manual sampling to the sample of predetermined area in selection tailo, half tailo, Schattenseite and half Schattenseite, and according in sample prescription
The moisture content and then calculating Surface fuel load value of combustible, the determination method of this Surface fuel load is more accurate reliable,
Advantageous foundation can not only be provided for China's forest fuel management and Potential fire behavior analysis, be even more the guarantor of the ecological balance
It holds and provides guarantee with the security of the lives and property of the people, facilitate the construction in forest zone, create good life cycle for people
Border.
This embodiment is just an exemplary description of this patent, does not limit its protection scope, those skilled in the art
Member can also be changed its part, as long as it does not exceed the essence of this patent, within the protection scope of the present patent.
Claims (4)
1. the determination method of surface fuel loading of forest district, which comprises the following steps:
Step 1: with choosing in standing forest earth's surface to be measured the sample of predetermined area, muti-piece sample prescription is chosen in sample ground;
Step 2: weighing the quality of the surface fuel contained in sample prescription in step 1 and calculating combustible investigation area;
Step 3: obtaining the specific value of each stand type surface fuel relative moisture content;
Step 4: the stand type that step 3 obtains can according to the quality of the combustible of step 2 acquisition, combustible investigation area
Combustion things relative hydration rate score calculates in conjunction with Surface fuel load calculation formula and determines surface fuel loading of forest district, tool
Body calculation formula are as follows:
In formula, We is Surface fuel load, and Dh is combustible relative moisture content, and Ws is surface fuel quality, and S is combustible tune
Look into area.
2. the determination method of surface fuel loading of forest district according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: in step 1,
The concrete mode for choosing the sample ground of predetermined area in standing forest earth's surface to be measured is to be grown according to the slope aspect of forest in forest zone earth's surface to be measured
Situation is successively used as standard for manual sampling to the sample of predetermined area in selection tailo, half tailo, Schattenseite and half Schattenseite, and in the sample
Inside take muti-piece sample prescription as measurement sample prescription respectively.
3. the determination method of surface fuel loading of forest district according to claim 2, it is characterised in that: choosing sun
When choosing sample prescription in slope, half tailo, Schattenseite and half Schattenseite sample ground, choosing method is that the diagonal selection along the sample ground is more
Block sample prescription.
4. the determination method of surface fuel loading of forest district according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: in step 3,
The specific method for obtaining each stand type surface fuel relative moisture content is, first can by withered fall contained in the sample prescription adopted back
Combustion things sample carries out weighing record using electronic balance, and the withered combustible sample that falls then contained in by sample prescription is placed in laboratory
Climate box in, using 90 degrees Celsius dry 24 hours handle, until it is withered fall combustible drying after, being weighed using electronic balance can
The dry mass of combustion things finally calculates combustible relative moisture content, specific formula for calculation using Fuel loads formula are as follows:
In formula, Dh is combustible relative moisture content, and Wd is the weight g, Wn that scale obtains when combustible acquires sample in its natural state
For the weight g after the drying of combustible sample.
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Cited By (2)
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CN112268831A (en) * | 2020-10-15 | 2021-01-26 | 中国林业科学研究院森林生态环境与保护研究所 | Method for rapidly measuring surface dead combustible load of artificial forest land |
CN113366989A (en) * | 2021-05-11 | 2021-09-10 | 宁夏农林科学院荒漠化治理研究所(宁夏防沙治沙与水土保持重点实验室) | North China larch forest edge updating investigation method |
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Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN112268831A (en) * | 2020-10-15 | 2021-01-26 | 中国林业科学研究院森林生态环境与保护研究所 | Method for rapidly measuring surface dead combustible load of artificial forest land |
CN113366989A (en) * | 2021-05-11 | 2021-09-10 | 宁夏农林科学院荒漠化治理研究所(宁夏防沙治沙与水土保持重点实验室) | North China larch forest edge updating investigation method |
CN113366989B (en) * | 2021-05-11 | 2022-05-10 | 宁夏农林科学院荒漠化治理研究所(宁夏防沙治沙与水土保持重点实验室) | Forest edge updating and surveying method for larix huabeiensis |
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