CN109283445B - Insulation detection method and controller of energy storage type rail vehicle charging system - Google Patents

Insulation detection method and controller of energy storage type rail vehicle charging system Download PDF

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CN109283445B
CN109283445B CN201811242953.3A CN201811242953A CN109283445B CN 109283445 B CN109283445 B CN 109283445B CN 201811242953 A CN201811242953 A CN 201811242953A CN 109283445 B CN109283445 B CN 109283445B
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charging system
voltage
value
energy storage
charging
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CN109283445A (en
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胡润文
张伟先
赵颖
文午
柯建明
李玉梅
张婷婷
付亚娥
付鹏
唐艳丽
汪培桢
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CRRC Zhuzhou Locomotive Co Ltd
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/12—Testing dielectric strength or breakdown voltage ; Testing or monitoring effectiveness or level of insulation, e.g. of a cable or of an apparatus, for example using partial discharge measurements; Electrostatic testing
    • G01R31/14—Circuits therefor, e.g. for generating test voltages, sensing circuits
    • H02J7/0021—
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2200/00—Type of vehicles
    • B60L2200/26—Rail vehicles
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
    • Y02T90/12—Electric charging stations

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  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses an insulation detection method and a controller of an energy storage type rail vehicle charging system, which comprise the following steps: the method comprises the steps that under the condition that a charging system is normally charged, the expected voltage rise value of the voltage at two ends of a vehicle energy storage power supply within preset charging time is obtained in advance; in the process that the charging system charges the vehicle, the voltage at two ends of the energy storage power supply is detected in real time through an output voltage sensor of the charging system, and the actual voltage rise value of the energy storage power supply within the preset charging time is obtained regularly; when the voltage value of the difference between the expected voltage rise value and the actual voltage rise value is not greater than the preset voltage threshold value, determining that the charging system is in a normal insulation state; and when the voltage value of the phase difference between the two is greater than a preset voltage threshold value, determining that the charging system is in an abnormal insulation state. Therefore, the method and the device solve the insulation detection problem under the condition that the negative electrodes of the vehicle and the charging system thereof are grounded, so that the charging safety of the vehicle is ensured; and a detection circuit does not need to be additionally arranged, so that the detection cost is saved.

Description

Insulation detection method and controller of energy storage type rail vehicle charging system
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of insulation detection, in particular to an insulation detection method and a controller of an energy storage type rail vehicle charging system.
Background
At present, a charging system of an energy storage type railway vehicle is used as high-power charging equipment, and the requirement on insulation between a positive electrode and a negative electrode is high. In the energy storage type rail vehicle, once components and cables are aged in a complex application environment, the insulation performance is possibly reduced, so that the charging safety of the energy storage type rail vehicle is reduced; if serious, it may even lead to the occurrence of electrical leakage or short circuit, resulting in the occurrence of fire due to the heat accumulation effect. Therefore, in order to ensure the charging safety of the energy storage type rail vehicle, the detection of the insulation state of the charging system of the energy storage type rail vehicle must be added. In the prior art, most charging equipment of other vehicles detects the resistance value of an insulation resistor to measure the insulation state, but the negative electrode of the energy storage type rail vehicle and the negative electrode of a charging system of the energy storage type rail vehicle are grounded, so that the method for measuring the insulation state by detecting the resistance value of the insulation resistor is not suitable for the energy storage type rail vehicle charging system. Moreover, most of the existing insulation detection modes need to be additionally provided with a detection circuit, so that the detection cost is higher.
Therefore, how to provide a solution to the above technical problem is a problem that needs to be solved by those skilled in the art.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an insulation detection method and a controller of an energy storage type rail vehicle charging system, which solve the insulation detection problem of the energy storage type rail vehicle and the charging system under the condition that the negative electrode of the energy storage type rail vehicle is grounded, thereby ensuring the charging safety of the energy storage type rail vehicle; and a detection circuit is not required to be additionally arranged, and data is only required to be correspondingly processed on software, so that the detection cost is saved.
In order to solve the technical problem, the invention provides an insulation detection method of an energy storage type rail vehicle charging system, which is applied to a controller of the charging system and comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the steps that under the condition that a charging system is normally charged, the expected voltage rise value of the voltage at two ends of an energy storage power supply of the energy storage type railway vehicle within preset charging time is obtained in advance;
in the process that the charging system charges the energy storage type rail vehicle, detecting the voltages at two ends of the energy storage power supply in real time through an output voltage sensor of the charging system, and periodically calculating the actual voltage rise value of the energy storage power supply within the preset charging time;
when the voltage value of the difference between the expected voltage rise value and the actual voltage rise value is not greater than a preset voltage threshold value, determining that the charging system is in a normal insulation state; and when the voltage value of the difference between the two is greater than the preset voltage threshold value, determining that the charging system is in an abnormal insulation state.
Preferably, the process of acquiring in advance that the voltage at the two ends of the energy storage power supply of the energy storage type rail vehicle rises to the expected value within the preset charging time under the condition that the charging system is normally charged specifically is as follows:
in advance according to the relational expression
Figure BDA0001839825230000021
The expected value of the voltage rise of the voltage at two ends of the energy storage power supply of the energy storage type rail vehicle in the preset charging time is obtained, wherein the expected value of the voltage rise is obtained through the delta U, the I is the charging current of the charging system, the delta t is the preset charging time, and the C is the capacitance value of the super capacitor in the energy storage power supply.
Preferably, the process of periodically obtaining the actual voltage rise value within the preset charging time specifically includes:
and correspondingly making a difference between the later moment voltage value after the preset charging time and the earlier moment voltage value before the later moment voltage value so as to obtain the actual voltage rise value of the voltages at the two ends of the energy storage power supply within the preset charging time in real time.
Preferably, the insulation detecting method further includes:
presetting a short-circuit voltage change threshold corresponding to the charging system;
when the voltage value of the difference between the two is greater than the preset voltage threshold, the process of determining that the charging system is in the abnormal insulation state specifically includes:
when the voltage value of the phase difference between the two is larger than the preset voltage threshold value and the actual voltage rise value is larger than the short-circuit voltage change threshold value, determining that the output end of the charging system leaks electricity; and when the voltage value of the phase difference between the two is greater than the preset voltage threshold value and the actual voltage rise value is not greater than the short-circuit voltage change threshold value, determining that the output end of the charging system is short-circuited.
Preferably, when the voltage value of the difference between the expected voltage rise value and the actual voltage rise value is not greater than a preset voltage threshold value, determining that the charging system is in a normal insulation state; when the voltage value of the difference between the two is greater than the preset voltage threshold, the process of determining that the charging system is in the abnormal insulation state specifically comprises the following steps:
according to the relational expression
Figure BDA0001839825230000031
Calculating the ratio of the actual voltage rise value to the expected voltage rise value, wherein delta U' is the actual voltage rise value and delta U is the expected voltage rise value;
when K is more than or equal to K1 and less than or equal to 1, determining that the charging system is in a normal insulation state; when K2 < K1, determining that the output end of the charging system leaks electricity; when K is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to K2, determining that the output end of the charging system is short-circuited; the charging system comprises a charging system, a charging system and a short-circuit ratio threshold, wherein 1 is more than K1 and more than K2 is more than 0, K1 is a leakage ratio threshold which is preset according to the acquisition precision of the charging system and the charging condition, and K2 is a short-circuit ratio threshold which is preset according to the acquisition precision of the charging system and the charging condition.
Preferably, the insulation detecting method further includes:
when the output end of the charging system is determined to be in electric leakage, controlling the charging system to stop charging, and controlling a display screen of the charging system to display electric leakage fault information;
and when the output end of the charging system is determined to be short-circuited, controlling the charging system to stop charging and controlling a display screen of the charging system to display short-circuit fault information.
Preferably, K1 is 0.8 and K2 is 0.2.
In order to solve the above technical problem, the present invention further provides a controller of an energy storage type rail vehicle charging system, including:
the expected value acquiring unit is used for acquiring a voltage rise expected value of the voltage at two ends of an energy storage power supply of the energy storage type railway vehicle within preset charging time under the condition that the charging system is normally charged in advance;
the actual value calculating unit is used for detecting the voltages at two ends of the energy storage power supply in real time through an output voltage sensor of the charging system in the process that the charging system charges the energy storage type railway vehicle, and periodically calculating the actual voltage rising value of the energy storage power supply within the preset charging time;
an insulation state determination unit configured to determine that the charging system is in a normal insulation state when a voltage value of a difference between the expected voltage rise value and the actual voltage rise value is not greater than a preset voltage threshold value; and when the voltage value of the difference between the two is greater than the preset voltage threshold value, determining that the charging system is in an abnormal insulation state.
Preferably, the expected value obtaining unit is specifically configured to obtain the expected value in advance according to a relational expression
Figure BDA0001839825230000041
The expected value of the voltage rise of the voltage at two ends of the energy storage power supply of the energy storage type rail vehicle in the preset charging time is obtained, wherein the expected value of the voltage rise is obtained through the delta U, the I is the charging current of the charging system, the delta t is the preset charging time, and the C is the capacitance value of the super capacitor in the energy storage power supply.
Preferably, the controller further comprises:
the short-circuit threshold presetting unit is used for presetting a short-circuit voltage change threshold corresponding to the charging system;
the insulation state determination unit includes:
a first determining subunit, configured to determine that the charging system is in a normal insulation state when a voltage value of a difference between the expected voltage rise value and the actual voltage rise value is not greater than a preset voltage threshold value;
the second determining subunit is configured to determine that the output end of the charging system leaks electricity when the voltage value of the phase difference between the two is greater than the preset voltage threshold and the actual voltage rise value is greater than the short-circuit voltage change threshold;
and the third determining subunit is configured to determine that the output end of the charging system is short-circuited when the voltage value of the difference between the two is greater than the preset voltage threshold and the actual voltage rise value is not greater than the short-circuit voltage change threshold.
The invention provides an insulation detection method of an energy storage type rail vehicle charging system, which is applied to a controller of the charging system and comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps that under the condition that a charging system is normally charged, the expected voltage rise value of the voltage at two ends of an energy storage power supply of the energy storage type railway vehicle within preset charging time is obtained in advance; in the process that the charging system charges the energy storage type rail vehicle, the voltage at two ends of the energy storage power supply is detected in real time through an output voltage sensor of the charging system, and the actual voltage rise value of the energy storage power supply within the preset charging time is obtained regularly; when the voltage value of the difference between the expected voltage rise value and the actual voltage rise value is not greater than the preset voltage threshold value, determining that the charging system is in a normal insulation state; and when the voltage value of the phase difference between the two is greater than a preset voltage threshold value, determining that the charging system is in an abnormal insulation state.
The method includes the steps that under the condition that a charging system is normally charged (namely the charging system is in a normal insulation state), the expected voltage rise value of the voltage at two ends of an energy storage power supply of the energy storage type rail vehicle within a certain charging time is a fixed value, so that the actual voltage rise value is correspondingly obtained, and when the voltage value of the difference between the expected voltage rise value and the actual voltage rise value is within an allowable range, the charging system is considered to be in the normal insulation state at the moment; otherwise, the vehicle is in an abnormal insulation state, so that the insulation detection problem under the condition that the negative electrodes of the energy storage type rail vehicle and the charging system of the energy storage type rail vehicle are grounded is solved, and the charging safety of the energy storage type rail vehicle is further ensured. In addition, the insulation detection method does not need to additionally arrange a detection circuit, and only needs to correspondingly process data on software, so that the detection cost is saved.
The invention also provides a controller of the energy storage type rail vehicle charging system, and the controller has the same beneficial effects as the insulation detection method.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed in the prior art and the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of an insulation detection method of an energy storage type rail vehicle charging system according to the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic charging diagram of an energy storage type rail vehicle according to the present invention;
fig. 3(a) is a schematic charging diagram of a charging system according to the present invention under a normal charging condition;
fig. 3(b) is a schematic charging diagram of a charging system according to the present invention under a leakage charging condition;
fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a controller of an energy storage type rail vehicle charging system provided by the invention.
Detailed Description
The core of the invention is to provide an insulation detection method and a controller of an energy storage type rail vehicle charging system, which solve the insulation detection problem under the condition that the negative electrodes of the energy storage type rail vehicle and the charging system thereof are grounded, thereby ensuring the charging safety of the energy storage type rail vehicle; and a detection circuit is not required to be additionally arranged, and data is only required to be correspondingly processed on software, so that the detection cost is saved.
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1, fig. 1 is a flowchart illustrating an insulation detection method of an energy storage type rail vehicle charging system according to the present invention.
The insulation detection method of the energy storage type rail vehicle charging system is applied to a controller of the charging system and comprises the following steps:
step S1: the method comprises the steps of acquiring a voltage rise expected value of voltages at two ends of an energy storage power supply of the energy storage type railway vehicle within preset charging time under the condition that a charging system is normally charged in advance.
It should be noted that the preset of the present application is set in advance, and only needs to be set once, and the reset is not needed unless the modification is needed according to the actual situation.
Specifically, referring to fig. 2, fig. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating charging of an energy storage type rail vehicle according to the present invention. In FIG. 2, 1-charging system, 2-output fuse, 3-current collector, 4-charging rail, 5-energy storage vehicle, 6-rail; the charging system 1 is mainly composed of a controller, a current transformation unit, an output current sensor, an output voltage sensor, an output fuse 2 and the like. In more detail, the charging system 1 has an output positive DC + connected to the charging rail 4 via a cable and an output negative DC-connected to the rail 6 via a cable. The positive pole of the energy storage power supply (vehicle-mounted energy storage power supply for short) of the energy storage vehicle 5 is connected with the current collector 3, and the negative pole is connected with the shaft end grounding device. When the energy storage type vehicle 5 drives into a station parking interval, the current collector 3 is in contact with the charging rail 4, the controller of the charging system 1 can detect the voltages at two ends of the vehicle-mounted energy storage power supply through the output voltage sensor at the moment, and the charging system 1 starts to charge the vehicle-mounted energy storage power supply.
Referring to fig. 3(a) and fig. 3(b), fig. 3(a) is a charging schematic diagram of a charging system provided by the present invention under a normal charging condition, and fig. 3(b) is a charging schematic diagram of a charging system provided by the present invention under a leakage charging condition.
As shown in fig. 3(a), when the charging system is normally charged (i.e. the charging system is in a normal insulation state), the positive cable is insulated from the ground, the impedance is infinite, and the charging current I of the charging system is equal to the input current I of the vehicle-mounted energy storage power supply1. As shown in fig. 3(b), when the positive cable is broken, the impedance between the positive cable and the ground is reduced, a part of the charging current I of the charging system is discharged to the ground through the broken part, and a leakage current I is generated2At this moment, the charging current I of the charging system is the input current I of the vehicle-mounted energy storage power supply1And leakage current I2Sum, i.e. I ═ I1+I2。
The energy storage power supply of the known energy storage type rail vehicle is composed of super capacitors connected in series and parallel, and the charging characteristic Q of the super capacitors is Δ U · C ═ I1Δ t, the rate of change of the voltage rise of the vehicle-mounted energy storage power supply:
Figure BDA0001839825230000071
wherein Q is the charge amount of the vehicle-mounted energy storage power supply, Δ t is the preset charging time, Δ U is the voltage rise value of the vehicle-mounted energy storage power supply within Δ t, and C is the capacitance value (total capacitance value) of the super capacitor in the vehicle-mounted energy storage power supply. It can be seen that, in the case where the charging system is normally charged,
Figure BDA0001839825230000072
when the charging current I and the capacitance C are constant, the voltage increase rate is theoretically constant (the amount of power consumed by the vehicle load is ignored, and the voltage increase rate is basically fixed in a certain range). Therefore, the voltage rise value in the same charging time without leakage current
Figure BDA0001839825230000073
Theoretically, the voltage of the vehicle-mounted energy storage power supply within the preset charging time Δ t is changed to be a constant value (the voltage rise value in the absence of leakage current is called as a voltage rise expected value):
Figure BDA0001839825230000074
wherein, U1Is the voltage value at a first moment, called the previous moment voltage value, U2In order to start timing from the first time, the voltage value when the timing time reaches the preset charging time Δ t is called a later time voltage value.
If the cable is damaged in the charging process of the charging system and the positive cable discharges to the ground to generate leakage current or short circuit, the input current I of the vehicle-mounted energy storage power supply1The voltage rise rate changes as the voltage decreases. At this time, due to I1Decreases, so Δ U also decreases accordingly. Therefore, the voltage change of the vehicle-mounted energy storage power supply in the charging process can be monitored in real time by using the original controller and the output voltage sensor of the charging system (the output voltage sensor detects the voltages at two ends of the vehicle-mounted energy storage power supply and transmits the voltages to the controller, and the controller monitors the voltage change of the vehicle-mounted energy storage power supply in real time), so that the insulation state of the charging system is measured, a detection circuit does not need to be additionally arranged, and the detection cost is saved.
Specifically, according to the method, firstly, a charging time needs to be set in advance, and then, under the condition that the charging system is normally charged, the expected voltage rise value of the voltage at two ends of the vehicle-mounted energy storage power supply within the set charging time is obtained according to the capacitance value of the capacitor of the current energy storage type rail vehicle and the charging current of the charging system.
Step S2: in the process that the charging system charges the energy storage type rail vehicle, the voltage at two ends of the energy storage power supply is detected in real time through an output voltage sensor of the charging system, and the actual voltage rise value of the energy storage power supply within the preset charging time is obtained regularly.
Specifically, in order to measure the insulation state of the charging system, in the process that the charging system actually charges the energy storage type rail vehicle, the output voltage sensor of the charging system detects the voltages at the two ends of the vehicle-mounted energy storage power supply in real time, and the actual voltage rise value of the vehicle-mounted energy storage power supply within the set charging time is periodically obtained, so that a foundation is laid for subsequently measuring the insulation state of the charging system.
Step S3: when the voltage value of the difference between the expected voltage rise value and the actual voltage rise value is not greater than the preset voltage threshold value, determining that the charging system is in a normal insulation state; and when the voltage value of the phase difference between the two is greater than a preset voltage threshold value, determining that the charging system is in an abnormal insulation state.
Specifically, it is known that in an ideal state: the actual voltage rise value is equal to the expected voltage rise value, but in the charging process of the energy storage type rail vehicle, the auxiliary equipment such as an air conditioner and the like consumes a part of energy, so that the actual voltage rise value of the vehicle-mounted energy storage power supply is slightly smaller than the expected voltage rise value. Therefore, the present application sets a voltage threshold in advance (determined according to the vehicle auxiliary power consumption and loss), considering that: if the voltage value of the phase difference between the two is not greater than the set voltage threshold, the charging system is in a normal insulation state; if the voltage value of the phase difference between the two is larger than the set voltage threshold value, the charging system is in an abnormal insulation state. Therefore, the abnormal insulation state can be judged in a short time, and the power supply can be immediately cut off when the charging system is in the abnormal insulation state, so that the charging safety of the energy storage type rail vehicle is ensured, and the more serious equipment loss is avoided.
The invention provides an insulation detection method of an energy storage type rail vehicle charging system, which is applied to a controller of the charging system and comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps that under the condition that a charging system is normally charged, the expected voltage rise value of the voltage at two ends of an energy storage power supply of the energy storage type railway vehicle within preset charging time is obtained in advance; in the process that the charging system charges the energy storage type rail vehicle, the voltage at two ends of the energy storage power supply is detected in real time through an output voltage sensor of the charging system, and the actual voltage rise value of the energy storage power supply within the preset charging time is obtained regularly; when the voltage value of the difference between the expected voltage rise value and the actual voltage rise value is not greater than the preset voltage threshold value, determining that the charging system is in a normal insulation state; and when the voltage value of the phase difference between the two is greater than a preset voltage threshold value, determining that the charging system is in an abnormal insulation state.
According to the method, under the condition that the charging system is normally charged, the expected voltage rise value of the voltage at two ends of the energy storage power supply of the energy storage type railway vehicle within a certain charging time is a fixed value, so that the actual voltage rise value is correspondingly obtained, and when the voltage value of the phase difference between the expected voltage rise value and the actual voltage rise value is within an allowable range, the charging system is considered to be in a normal insulation state at the moment; otherwise, the vehicle is in an abnormal insulation state, so that the insulation detection problem under the condition that the negative electrodes of the energy storage type rail vehicle and the charging system of the energy storage type rail vehicle are grounded is solved, and the charging safety of the energy storage type rail vehicle is further ensured. In addition, the insulation detection method does not need to additionally arrange a detection circuit, and only needs to correspondingly process data on software, so that the detection cost is saved.
On the basis of the above-described embodiment:
as a preferred embodiment, the process of obtaining in advance the expected voltage rise value of the voltage across the energy storage power supply of the energy storage type rail vehicle within the preset charging time when the charging system is normally charged specifically includes:
in advance according to the relational expression
Figure BDA0001839825230000091
And obtaining a voltage rise expected value of the voltage at two ends of the energy storage power supply of the energy storage type rail vehicle in preset charging time, wherein delta U is the voltage rise expected value, I is the charging current of a charging system, delta t is the preset charging time, and C is the capacitance value of a super capacitor in the energy storage power supply.
Specifically, the content of the present embodiment has been described in detail in the above embodiments, and is not described herein again.
As a preferred embodiment, the process of periodically obtaining the actual voltage rise value within the preset charging time is specifically as follows:
and correspondingly subtracting the voltage value at the later moment after the preset charging time from the voltage value at the previous moment before the voltage value at the later moment so as to obtain the actual voltage rise value of the voltage at the two ends of the energy storage power supply within the preset charging time in real time.
Specifically, in order to obtain the actual voltage rise value of the vehicle-mounted energy storage power supply within the set charging time in real time, all detection voltages (1s, 2s and 3s … …) from the beginning of initially detecting the voltages at two ends of the vehicle-mounted energy storage power supply are used as a set of voltage values at the previous moment, and all detection voltages (1s + Δ t, 2s + Δ t and 3s + Δ t … …) after the set charging time Δ t (determined according to the actual charging condition of the charging system) are used as a set of voltage values at the later moment, so that the voltage values at the later moment and the voltage values at the previous moment are subjected to one-to-one correspondence difference (from the moment of 1s + Δ t, the actual voltage rise value is obtained every second), and the purpose of obtaining the actual voltage rise value in real time is achieved.
Of course, the actual voltage rise value may also be obtained periodically, that is, the actual voltage rise value is obtained every preset period time (greater than one second) from the time point of 1s + Δ t. The real-time determination or the periodic determination of the actual voltage rise value is not particularly limited in this application, and is determined according to the actual situation.
As a preferred embodiment, the insulation detecting method further includes:
presetting a short-circuit voltage change threshold corresponding to a charging system;
when the voltage value of the phase difference between the two is greater than the preset voltage threshold, the process of determining that the charging system is in the abnormal insulation state specifically comprises the following steps:
when the voltage value of the phase difference between the two is greater than a preset voltage threshold value and the actual voltage rising value is greater than the short-circuit voltage change threshold value, determining that the output end of the charging system leaks electricity; and when the voltage value of the phase difference between the two is greater than the preset voltage threshold value and the actual voltage rise value is not greater than the short-circuit voltage change threshold value, determining that the output end of the charging system is short-circuited.
Further, there are two cases in which the charging system is in an abnormal insulation state: the output end of the charging system is in electric leakage (leakage current exists but the short circuit to the ground is not completed, so a certain resistance exists between the positive cable and the ground, the actual voltage rise value of the vehicle-mounted energy storage power supply is smaller than the expected voltage rise value, but the voltage of the vehicle-mounted energy storage power supply still has visible change), and the output end of the charging system is in short circuit (at the moment, the voltage change of the vehicle-mounted energy storage power supply is very small, under the condition of the complete short circuit to the ground, the charging current of the vehicle-mounted energy storage power supply is 0, and.
Based on this, this application is on the basis of abnormal insulation state at charging system, and the voltage variation size according to on-vehicle energy storage power judges whether charging system's output belongs to the electric leakage condition or the short circuit condition. Specifically, the application sets a short-circuit voltage change threshold in advance, and considers that: if the voltage value of the difference between the two is larger than the set voltage threshold value and the actual voltage rising value is larger than the set short-circuit voltage change threshold value, the output end of the charging system leaks electricity; if the voltage value of the difference between the two is larger than the set voltage threshold value and the actual voltage rising value is not larger than the short-circuit voltage change threshold value, the output end of the charging system is short-circuited.
As a preferred embodiment, when the voltage value of the difference between the expected value of the voltage rise and the actual value of the voltage rise is not greater than the preset voltage threshold, it is determined that the charging system is in a normal insulation state; when the voltage value of the phase difference between the two is greater than the preset voltage threshold, the process of determining that the charging system is in the abnormal insulation state specifically comprises the following steps:
according to the relational expression
Figure BDA0001839825230000111
Calculating the ratio of the actual voltage rise value to the expected voltage rise value, wherein delta U' is the actual voltage rise value and delta U is the expected voltage rise value;
when K is more than or equal to K1 and less than or equal to 1, determining that the charging system is in a normal insulation state; when K2 is more than K and less than K1, determining the leakage of the output end of the charging system; when K is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to K2, determining that the output end of the charging system is short-circuited; wherein, 1 > K1 > K2 > 0, K1 is a leakage ratio threshold value set in advance according to the acquisition precision of the charging system and the charging condition, and K2 is a short-circuit ratio threshold value set in advance according to the acquisition precision of the charging system and the charging condition.
Specifically, the present application may use a ratio to indicate a value difference between an actual voltage rise value and an expected voltage rise value, where K is the actual voltage rise value/the expected voltage rise value. Accordingly, the leakage ratio threshold K1 and the short-circuit ratio threshold K2 are set, and it is considered that: if K1 is less than or equal to K less than or equal to 1 (ideally, K is 1, the smaller the vehicle auxiliary power consumption and the loss are, the closer K is to 1), the charging system is in a normal insulation state; if K2 is more than K and less than K1, the output end of the charging system leaks electricity; and if K is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to K2, the output end of the charging system is short-circuited.
Of course, the present application may also use the difference mode to represent the value difference between the actual voltage rise value and the expected voltage rise value, and the present application is not limited herein.
As a preferred embodiment, the insulation detecting method further includes:
when the output end of the charging system is determined to be in electric leakage, controlling the charging system to stop charging, and controlling a display screen of the charging system to display electric leakage fault information;
and when the output end of the charging system is determined to be short-circuited, controlling the charging system to stop charging and controlling a display screen of the charging system to display short-circuit fault information.
Further, the insulation detection method of the present application further includes: when the charging system is determined to be in an abnormal insulation state, the charging system is controlled to stop charging, so that the charging safety is ensured; and the display screen of the charging system is controlled to display corresponding fault information (the output end of the charging system leaks electricity, the leakage fault information is displayed, and the output end of the charging system is short-circuited, the short-circuit fault information is displayed), so that a manager is reminded of carrying out fault processing in time.
As a preferred example, K1-0.8 and K2-0.2.
Specifically, according to the actual conditions and experience of the project, K1 is set to 0.8, and K2 is set to 0.2, which are not particularly limited herein and may be adjusted according to the current acquisition accuracy and charging condition of the charging system.
Referring to fig. 4, fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a controller of an energy storage type rail vehicle charging system provided in the present invention.
The controller of this energy storage formula rail vehicle charging system includes:
the expected value acquiring unit 01 is used for acquiring a voltage rise expected value of the voltage at two ends of an energy storage power supply of the energy storage type railway vehicle within preset charging time under the condition that a charging system is normally charged in advance;
the actual value calculating unit 02 is used for detecting the voltages at two ends of the energy storage power supply in real time through an output voltage sensor of the charging system in the process that the charging system charges the energy storage type rail vehicle, and periodically calculating the actual voltage rising value of the energy storage power supply within the preset charging time;
the insulation state determining unit 03 is configured to determine that the charging system is in a normal insulation state when a voltage value of a difference between the expected voltage rise value and the actual voltage rise value is not greater than a preset voltage threshold value; and when the voltage value of the phase difference between the two is greater than a preset voltage threshold value, determining that the charging system is in an abnormal insulation state.
As a preferred embodiment, the expected value obtaining unit 01 is specifically configured to previously obtain the relation
Figure BDA0001839825230000121
And obtaining a voltage rise expected value of the voltage at two ends of the energy storage power supply of the energy storage type rail vehicle in preset charging time, wherein delta U is the voltage rise expected value, I is the charging current of a charging system, delta t is the preset charging time, and C is the capacitance value of a super capacitor in the energy storage power supply.
As a preferred embodiment, the controller further comprises:
the short-circuit threshold presetting unit is used for presetting a short-circuit voltage change threshold corresponding to the charging system;
the insulation state determination unit 03 includes:
the first determining subunit is used for determining that the charging system is in a normal insulation state when the voltage value of the difference between the expected voltage rise value and the actual voltage rise value is not greater than the preset voltage threshold value;
the second determining subunit is used for determining the electric leakage of the output end of the charging system when the voltage value of the phase difference between the first determining subunit and the second determining subunit is larger than the preset voltage threshold value and the actual voltage rising value is larger than the short-circuit voltage change threshold value;
and the third determining subunit is used for determining that the output end of the charging system is short-circuited when the voltage value of the phase difference between the first determining subunit and the second determining subunit is greater than the preset voltage threshold and the actual voltage rising value is not greater than the short-circuit voltage change threshold.
For introduction of the controller provided in the present application, reference is made to the embodiments of the insulation detection method described above, and details of the controller are not repeated herein.
It is further noted that, in the present specification, relational terms such as first and second, and the like are used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising an … …" does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims (10)

1. An insulation detection method of an energy storage type rail vehicle charging system is characterized in that the method is applied to a controller of the charging system and comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the steps that under the condition that a charging system is normally charged, the expected voltage rise value of the voltage at two ends of an energy storage power supply of the energy storage type railway vehicle within preset charging time is obtained in advance;
in the process that the charging system charges the energy storage type rail vehicle, detecting the voltages at two ends of the energy storage power supply in real time through an output voltage sensor of the charging system, and periodically calculating the actual voltage rise value of the energy storage power supply within the preset charging time;
when the voltage value of the difference between the expected voltage rise value and the actual voltage rise value is not greater than a preset voltage threshold value, determining that the charging system is in a normal insulation state; and when the voltage value of the difference between the two is greater than the preset voltage threshold value, determining that the charging system is in an abnormal insulation state.
2. The insulation detection method for the energy storage type rail vehicle charging system according to claim 1, wherein the process of pre-acquiring the voltage rise expected value of the voltage across the energy storage power supply of the energy storage type rail vehicle within the preset charging time under the condition that the charging system is normally charged is specifically as follows:
in advance according to the relational expression
Figure FDA0001839825220000011
The expected value of the voltage rise of the voltage at two ends of the energy storage power supply of the energy storage type rail vehicle in the preset charging time is obtained, wherein the expected value of the voltage rise is obtained through the delta U, the I is the charging current of the charging system, the delta t is the preset charging time, and the C is the capacitance value of the super capacitor in the energy storage power supply.
3. The insulation detection method for the energy-storage type rail vehicle charging system according to claim 2, wherein the process of periodically obtaining the actual voltage rise value within the preset charging time is specifically as follows:
and correspondingly making a difference between the later moment voltage value after the preset charging time and the earlier moment voltage value before the later moment voltage value so as to obtain the actual voltage rise value of the voltages at the two ends of the energy storage power supply within the preset charging time in real time.
4. The insulation detection method of the energy storage type rail vehicle charging system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized by further comprising:
presetting a short-circuit voltage change threshold corresponding to the charging system;
when the voltage value of the difference between the two is greater than the preset voltage threshold, the process of determining that the charging system is in the abnormal insulation state specifically includes:
when the voltage value of the phase difference between the two is larger than the preset voltage threshold value and the actual voltage rise value is larger than the short-circuit voltage change threshold value, determining that the output end of the charging system leaks electricity; and when the voltage value of the phase difference between the two is greater than the preset voltage threshold value and the actual voltage rise value is not greater than the short-circuit voltage change threshold value, determining that the output end of the charging system is short-circuited.
5. The insulation detection method of the energy storage type rail vehicle charging system according to claim 4, wherein the charging system is determined to be in a normal insulation state when the voltage value of the difference between the expected voltage rise value and the actual voltage rise value is not greater than a preset voltage threshold value; when the voltage value of the difference between the two is greater than the preset voltage threshold, the process of determining that the charging system is in the abnormal insulation state specifically comprises the following steps:
according to the relational expression
Figure FDA0001839825220000021
Calculating the ratio of the actual voltage rise value to the expected voltage rise value, wherein delta U' is the actual voltage rise value and delta U is the expected voltage rise value;
when K is more than or equal to K1 and less than or equal to 1, determining that the charging system is in a normal insulation state; when K2 < K1, determining that the output end of the charging system leaks electricity; when K is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to K2, determining that the output end of the charging system is short-circuited; the charging system comprises a charging system, a charging system and a short-circuit ratio threshold, wherein 1 is more than K1 and more than K2 is more than 0, K1 is a leakage ratio threshold which is preset according to the acquisition precision of the charging system and the charging condition, and K2 is a short-circuit ratio threshold which is preset according to the acquisition precision of the charging system and the charging condition.
6. The insulation detection method of a rail vehicle charging system as claimed in claim 5, further comprising:
when the output end of the charging system is determined to be in electric leakage, controlling the charging system to stop charging, and controlling a display screen of the charging system to display electric leakage fault information;
and when the output end of the charging system is determined to be short-circuited, controlling the charging system to stop charging and controlling a display screen of the charging system to display short-circuit fault information.
7. The insulation detection method of the rail vehicle charging system according to claim 5, wherein K1-0.8 and K2-0.2.
8. A controller for an energy storage rail vehicle charging system, comprising:
the expected value acquiring unit is used for acquiring a voltage rise expected value of the voltage at two ends of an energy storage power supply of the energy storage type railway vehicle within preset charging time under the condition that the charging system is normally charged in advance;
the actual value calculating unit is used for detecting the voltages at two ends of the energy storage power supply in real time through an output voltage sensor of the charging system in the process that the charging system charges the energy storage type railway vehicle, and periodically calculating the actual voltage rising value of the energy storage power supply within the preset charging time;
an insulation state determination unit configured to determine that the charging system is in a normal insulation state when a voltage value of a difference between the expected voltage rise value and the actual voltage rise value is not greater than a preset voltage threshold value; and when the voltage value of the difference between the two is greater than the preset voltage threshold value, determining that the charging system is in an abnormal insulation state.
9. The controller of an energy-storing rail vehicle charging system as claimed in claim 8, characterized in that the expected value acquisition unit is specifically configured to pre-determine the relationship
Figure FDA0001839825220000031
The expected value of the voltage rise of the voltage at two ends of the energy storage power supply of the energy storage type rail vehicle in the preset charging time is obtained, wherein the expected value of the voltage rise is obtained through the delta U, the I is the charging current of the charging system, the delta t is the preset charging time, and the C is the capacitance value of the super capacitor in the energy storage power supply.
10. The controller for an energy storing rail vehicle charging system as claimed in any one of claims 8 to 9, further comprising:
the short-circuit threshold presetting unit is used for presetting a short-circuit voltage change threshold corresponding to the charging system;
the insulation state determination unit includes:
a first determining subunit, configured to determine that the charging system is in a normal insulation state when a voltage value of a difference between the expected voltage rise value and the actual voltage rise value is not greater than a preset voltage threshold value;
the second determining subunit is configured to determine that the output end of the charging system leaks electricity when the voltage value of the phase difference between the two is greater than the preset voltage threshold and the actual voltage rise value is greater than the short-circuit voltage change threshold;
and the third determining subunit is configured to determine that the output end of the charging system is short-circuited when the voltage value of the difference between the two is greater than the preset voltage threshold and the actual voltage rise value is not greater than the short-circuit voltage change threshold.
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