CN109281735A - 用于确定颗粒过滤器的灰尘负载的方法 - Google Patents

用于确定颗粒过滤器的灰尘负载的方法 Download PDF

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CN109281735A
CN109281735A CN201810788841.1A CN201810788841A CN109281735A CN 109281735 A CN109281735 A CN 109281735A CN 201810788841 A CN201810788841 A CN 201810788841A CN 109281735 A CN109281735 A CN 109281735A
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particulate filter
load
determining
dust
dust load
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安德烈亚斯·格特
马克·亨德里克斯
迈克尔·戈尔根
康斯坦丁·利布
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FEV Europe GmbH
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N9/00—Electrical control of exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/033—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices
    • F01N3/035—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices with catalytic reactors, e.g. catalysed diesel particulate filters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N11/00—Monitoring or diagnostic devices for exhaust-gas treatment apparatus, e.g. for catalytic activity
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N11/00—Monitoring or diagnostic devices for exhaust-gas treatment apparatus, e.g. for catalytic activity
    • F01N11/007—Monitoring or diagnostic devices for exhaust-gas treatment apparatus, e.g. for catalytic activity the diagnostic devices measuring oxygen or air concentration downstream of the exhaust apparatus
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2550/00—Monitoring or diagnosing the deterioration of exhaust systems
    • F01N2550/04—Filtering activity of particulate filters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2560/00—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics
    • F01N2560/02—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics the means being an exhaust gas sensor
    • F01N2560/025—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics the means being an exhaust gas sensor for measuring or detecting O2, e.g. lambda sensors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2570/00—Exhaust treating apparatus eliminating, absorbing or adsorbing specific elements or compounds
    • F01N2570/16—Oxygen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2900/00—Details of electrical control or of the monitoring of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F01N2900/06—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing
    • F01N2900/16—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing said parameters being related to the exhaust apparatus, e.g. particulate filter or catalyst
    • F01N2900/1606—Particle filter loading or soot amount
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2900/00—Details of electrical control or of the monitoring of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F01N2900/06—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing
    • F01N2900/16—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing said parameters being related to the exhaust apparatus, e.g. particulate filter or catalyst
    • F01N2900/1611—Particle filter ash amount
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/40—Engine management systems

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
  • Processes For Solid Components From Exhaust (AREA)
  • Filtering Of Dispersed Particles In Gases (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及用于确定颗粒过滤器的灰尘负载的方法以及一种用于执行此类方法的控制装置。本发明的用于确定颗粒过滤器的灰尘负载的方法(其中该颗粒过滤器具有储存氧的催化性涂层)包括以下步骤：确定使该颗粒过滤器中先前储存的氧卸载的卸载时间，并且借助于该卸载时间来确定灰尘负载。

Description

用于确定颗粒过滤器的灰尘负载的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及用于确定颗粒过滤器的灰尘负载的方法以及一种用于执行此类方法的控制装置。
背景技术
WO 2014178633 A1和WO 2017109514 A1公开了具有储氧涂层的颗粒过滤器。DE102014209810 A1公开了一种方法，借助于该方法可以通过压差测量来确定颗粒过滤器的灰尘负载。JP 2016136011 A公开了一种方法，通过该方法可以通过向回移动的行程来确定颗粒过滤器的灰尘负载。US 20170182447 A1公开了借助于电磁波来确定颗粒过滤器的灰尘负载。
发明内容
本发明的用于确定颗粒过滤器的灰尘负载的方法(其中该颗粒过滤器具有储存氧的催化性涂层)包括以下步骤：确定使该颗粒过滤器中先前储存的氧卸载的卸载时间，并且借助于该卸载时间来确定灰尘负载。
在本发明的范围内已知，灰尘负载对颗粒过滤器的卸载时间有影响。由此卸载时间的测量适合于确定灰尘负载。灰尘负载可以影响颗粒过滤器的烟灰负载的确定。因此本发明的可能的优点是：在确定烟灰负载时可以考虑到所确定的灰尘负载，以便改进颗粒过滤器的再生策略，例如由此可以更精确地获取颗粒过滤器的再生的时间点。另外的可能的优点是，将灰尘负载值用于诊断目的，例如用于获得颗粒过滤器的状态。
灰尘一般由油的燃烧残留物组成，烟灰由燃料燃烧的残留物组成。颗粒过滤器优选为用在奥托发动机的排气后处理系统中的颗粒过滤器。特别优选的是，该颗粒过滤器是四效催化器的一部分。由于催化性涂层，该颗粒过滤器可能能够取消另外的催化剂，这使得能够降低对构造空间的要求。该涂层可以为基于氧化铝或氧化铈的通常用于此类颗粒过滤器的涂层。
有利地，借助于在颗粒过滤器下游的排气的流动方向上的λ跃变来确定卸载时间。卸载时间给出的是使部分或完全负载有氧的颗粒过滤器至少部分卸载的时间。为此，优选使用常规已经设置在排气后处理系统中的λ探头，因而不需要另外的传感器。卸载时间可以通过在不同点之间的时间段来确定，例如在卸载开始与跃变开始或在跃变的一侧。可以将如此测量的卸载时间与参照值相比较。比较的结果能够倒推到灰尘负载。
本发明的用于具有燃烧发动机的机动车辆的控制装置被适配为执行根据本发明所述的方法。
从属权利要求描述了本发明的其他有利的实施方式。
附图说明
优选的实施例借助于以下附图来详细说明。附图示出
图1示出排气后处理系统的局部图，
图2示出在卸载期间和之后在颗粒过滤器的下游所确定的λ值的图表。
具体实施方式
图1示出排气后处理系统的局部图。该排气后处理系统包括四效催化器1，该催化器具有带有储存氧的催化性涂层的颗粒过滤器。另外，该排气后处理系统包括在催化器1下游安排的用于测量λ值的λ探头2、以及用于确定灰尘负载且用于确定烟灰负载的控制装置3。控制装置3与λ传感器2相连。该排气后处理系统是用于奥托发动机的排气的排气后处理的系统。
根据本发明方法的一个实施例，确定了使先前储存在颗粒过滤器中的氧卸载的卸载时间。借助于卸载时间来确定灰尘负载。该方法通过控制装置3执行，该控制装置具有对应的程序。此外，借助于在颗粒过滤器下游的λ跃变来确定卸载时间。λ值通过λ探头2来测量。通过将所确定的卸载时间与参照值的比较来获得灰尘负载。
根据该方法，卸载导致颗粒过滤器的再生、即燃烧位于颗粒过滤器中的烟灰，以及用氧加载颗粒过滤器。加载通过用富氧的混合物(λ>1)工作来进行。在工作中，该混合物例如可以在燃烧发动机空转过程中(例如在下坡(Abfahrt)过程中)进行。如果储氧的涂层用氧加载、优选完全加载，则在时间上后续的步骤中进行颗粒过滤器的卸载。为此，用贫氧的(也就是富燃料的)混合物(λ<1)工作来进行。只要在颗粒过滤器中储存的氧可以与富燃料的混合物反应，λ传感器下游所测量的λ值就升高，见图2。如果在颗粒过滤器中储存的氧不能再反应，λ值就降低，导致跃变。在卸载A开始与跃变B之间的时间区段就是对卸载时间的度量。在此实施例中，卸载时间是在卸载开始与在跃变一侧升高被反转的时间点之间的时间区段。但是还可以使用其他的时间点来确定卸载时间。
在此情况下，灰尘负载借助于表格来确定，该表格对于不同的卸载时间给出了灰尘负载的值。表格值预先通过模型或通过参比测量来确定。另一个实例是，灰尘负载借助于模型来确定，在该模型中卸载时间作为参数输入。
所确定的灰尘负载优选在确定颗粒过滤器的烟灰负载时确定。替代地或附加地还可行的是，将灰尘负载用于确定颗粒过滤器的储氧能力、尤其储氧能力的劣化，或者用于诊断目的。
在一个优选的实施方式中，在确定灰尘负载时考虑到颗粒过滤器的老化。这可以例如通过表格或模型来进行。为此可以回溯到已知的用于确定老化的方法。
此外还可行的是，灰尘负载另外通过至少一种其他的、不同的方法来确定。例如可以考虑通过在过滤器上的压差测量、通过考虑油耗、或者通过基于微波的方法来确定灰尘负载。这样使得能够通过取平均值或通过排除位于容差带之外的结果来提高确定灰尘负载的准确度并且因此例如优化再生策略。
同样可行的是，如果在确定储氧能力时考虑到如此确定的灰尘负载，则该结果可以与其他用于确定储氧能力的方法的结果相比较和/或组合。

Claims (10)

1.一种用于确定颗粒过滤器的灰尘负载的方法，其中该颗粒过滤器具有储存氧的催化性涂层，该方法包括以下步骤：确定使该颗粒过滤器中先前储存的氧卸载的卸载时间，并且借助于该卸载时间来确定该灰尘负载。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中借助于在该颗粒过滤器下游的λ跃变来确定该卸载时间。
3.根据以上权利要求之一所述的方法，其中通过将所确定的卸载时间与参照值的比较来获得该负载。
4.根据权利要求3所述的方法，其中该参照值对应于该颗粒过滤器的没有负载灰尘的状态。
5.根据以上权利要求之一所述的方法，其中在卸载之前该颗粒过滤器基本上完全用氧加载。
6.根据以上权利要求之一所述的方法，其中预先进行该颗粒过滤器的再生。
7.根据以上权利要求之一所述的方法，其中在确定该灰尘负载时考虑到该颗粒过滤器的老化。
8.根据以上权利要求之一所述的方法，其中该颗粒过滤器的负载通过另外的方法确定，并且在确定该负载时考虑到这两个方法的结果。
9.根据以上权利要求之一所述的方法，其中将对于该灰尘负载所确定的值用于确定该颗粒过滤器的烟灰负载、该颗粒过滤器的储氧能力和/或该颗粒过滤器的诊断。
10.一种用于具有燃烧发动机的机动车辆的控制装置，该控制装置配置有根据以上权利要求之一所述的方法。
CN201810788841.1A 2017-07-20 2018-07-18 用于确定颗粒过滤器的灰尘负载的方法 Pending CN109281735A (zh)

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CN112727581B (zh) * 2020-10-30 2022-03-15 联合汽车电子有限公司 一种颗粒捕集器中颗粒的含量的计算方法

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