CN109280961A - A kind of orientation furnace and single crystal casting method using asynchronous bending techniques - Google Patents
A kind of orientation furnace and single crystal casting method using asynchronous bending techniques Download PDFInfo
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- CN109280961A CN109280961A CN201811190083.XA CN201811190083A CN109280961A CN 109280961 A CN109280961 A CN 109280961A CN 201811190083 A CN201811190083 A CN 201811190083A CN 109280961 A CN109280961 A CN 109280961A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C30—CRYSTAL GROWTH
- C30B—SINGLE-CRYSTAL GROWTH; UNIDIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION OF EUTECTIC MATERIAL OR UNIDIRECTIONAL DEMIXING OF EUTECTOID MATERIAL; REFINING BY ZONE-MELTING OF MATERIAL; PRODUCTION OF A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; SINGLE CRYSTALS OR HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; AFTER-TREATMENT OF SINGLE CRYSTALS OR A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C30B11/00—Single-crystal growth by normal freezing or freezing under temperature gradient, e.g. Bridgman-Stockbarger method
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D27/00—Treating the metal in the mould while it is molten or ductile ; Pressure or vacuum casting
- B22D27/02—Use of electric or magnetic effects
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D27/00—Treating the metal in the mould while it is molten or ductile ; Pressure or vacuum casting
- B22D27/04—Influencing the temperature of the metal, e.g. by heating or cooling the mould
- B22D27/045—Directionally solidified castings
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C30—CRYSTAL GROWTH
- C30B—SINGLE-CRYSTAL GROWTH; UNIDIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION OF EUTECTIC MATERIAL OR UNIDIRECTIONAL DEMIXING OF EUTECTOID MATERIAL; REFINING BY ZONE-MELTING OF MATERIAL; PRODUCTION OF A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; SINGLE CRYSTALS OR HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; AFTER-TREATMENT OF SINGLE CRYSTALS OR A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C30B29/00—Single crystals or homogeneous polycrystalline material with defined structure characterised by the material or by their shape
- C30B29/10—Inorganic compounds or compositions
- C30B29/52—Alloys
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of orientation furnaces using asynchronous bending techniques, belong to Casting Equipment technical field.The present invention solves the indoor heat of casting mold and magnetic line of force the technical issues of causing the raising of the temperature gradient at this to be restricted by magnetic receptor thermal insulation layer of orientation furnace.The orientation furnace includes casting mold room, reversed magnetostatic field warehouse and drop-down water mold；Casting mold room is magnetostatic field applied area and temperature heating zone；Magnetic receptor thermal insulation layer is equipped between casting mold room and reversed magnetostatic field warehouse；The part of magnetostatic field forms magnetic flux leakage by magnetic receptor thermal insulation layer in casting mold room, and the magnetic flux leakage and the magnitude of field intensity of magnetostatic field interior in reversed magnetostatic field warehouse are equal, contrary.It is additionally provided with insulation cooling unit in reversed magnetostatic field warehouse, for cooling down reversed magnetostatic field warehouse；It pulls down and is equipped with casting mold formwork above water mold, be used for casting single crystal.The present invention is used to improve temperature gradient when master alloy solidifies in solid, liquid interface.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to precision casting equipment technical field more particularly to a kind of orientation furnaces using asynchronous bending techniques
And single crystal casting method.
Background technique
Application field of the invention is the directional solidification furnace or single crystal growing furnace in precision casting equipment field, Er Qieshi
The directional solidification furnace or single crystal growing furnace of Bridgman mode.The height of directional solidification furnace performance depends primarily on its crystal growth
Solid, liquid interface temperature gradient height.
Industry improves the temperature gradient at the solid, liquid interface of the crystal growth of the directional solidification furnace of Bridgman mode at present
Effort arrived the limit, from the seventies in relation to document report of the temperature gradient up to 50~70 DEG C after, for many years not
See that this respect has breakthrough document report.Also mainly since furnace construction mechanism does not change.Therefore, I is applied before this
Patent " the high mold-filling capacity fine grain foundry furnace of magnetostatic cause high undercooling and application method ", " obtain liquid depth using asynchronous bending
The foundry furnace and application method of supercooling " and " the difunctional foundry furnace of fine grain, monocrystalline and single crystal casting method and fine grain casting method "
Some research efforts have been done in terms of Industrial Metal liquid supercooling, can have been obtained with magnetostatic field in particular by asynchronous bending techniques
The temperature width being subcooled below to a fusing point.It is superimposed with this fusing point or less mistake again in the temperature width of ordinary temperature gradient
Cold temperature width, so that it may so that this temperature gradient obviously increases, although different plant-scale directional solidification furnaces or list
The degree that this temperature gradient of brilliant furnace increases will be different, but its new construction mechanism provides new raising possibility.But
With the progress of research work, finding this patent still has not perfect place, and the new invention of this patent is resolved it finally.Its
The method of solution is detailed in technical solution chapters and sections.
Summary of the invention
In view of above-mentioned analysis, the embodiment of the present invention is intended to provide a kind of orientation furnace using asynchronous bending techniques, uses
The low technical problem of the temperature gradient at the single crystal growing furnace solid, liquid interface in a manner of solving the Bridgman of existing industrial application.
The present invention provides a kind of orientation furnaces using asynchronous bending techniques, including casting mold room, reversed magnetostatic field warehouse
With the drop-down water mold being located in the middle part of reversed magnetostatic field warehouse；
Casting mold room includes the first hot-wire coil, the second hot-wire coil and load slot, the first hot-wire coil and the second live wire
It encloses inner space and constitutes magnetostatic field applied area, magnetostatic field applied area is also temperature heating zone；First hot-wire coil and second is powered
Coil is located in load slot, and the first hot-wire coil is located at the top of the second hot-wire coil；
Reversed magnetostatic field warehouse includes third hot-wire coil and insulation cooling unit, and third leads to coil inside formation and casting mold
The contrary magnetostatic field of room magnetostatic field；Insulation cooling unit is for cooling down reversed magnetostatic field warehouse；Casting mold room with it is reversed magnetostatic
Magnetic receptor thermal insulation layer is equipped between the warehouse of field.
Further, the part magnetic line of force of magnetostatic field passes through magnetic receptor thermal insulation layer and forms magnetic flux leakage in casting mold room；Leakage field
Field is equal in magnitude, contrary with the reversed indoor static magnetic field strength in magnetostatic field storehouse.
Further, it is equipped with casting mold formwork above drop-down water mold, drop-down water is equipped with below drop-down water mold
Cooling crystallizer jacking system pulls down water mold for ascending, descending.
Further, insulation cooling unit includes insulation cooling oil, insulation cooling oil input pipe and efferent duct；Insulation cooling
Oil is for cooling down the heat of third hot-wire coil generation and being conducted through the heat come out of casting mold room.
Further, the first hot-wire coil includes multilayer energization subcoil；Second hot-wire coil includes one layer of energization sub-line
Circle；Load slot is equipped with groove structure corresponding with multilayer energization subcoil and one layer of energization subcoil.
Further, orientation furnace further includes insulating layer 4, insulating layer 4 be set to load slot outer peripheral surface and load slot it is upper
End face.
Further, orientation furnace further includes cooling layer, and cooling layer is set to the outer peripheral surface of insulating layer 4.
The present invention also provides a kind of single crystal casting methods using asynchronous bending techniques, are oriented using any of the above
Furnace, single crystal casting method the following steps are included:
S1. casting mold formwork is placed on the drop-down water mold below casting mold room, drop-down water mold is risen
The position fair to the upper plane of its lower plane and magnetic receptor heat screen；
S2. the first hot-wire coil and the second hot-wire coil lead to direct current, so that the indoor temperature of casting mold reaches set temperature,
Inside magnetostatic field inside first hot-wire coil and the second hot-wire coil reaches setting intensity, and at the same time opening third live wire
The reversed direct current of circle；Magnetostatic field reaches the leakage field field intensity by magnetic receptor thermal insulation layer inside third hot-wire coil；
S3. the master alloy liquid castable of fusing is entered in casting mold formwork；
S4. by the speed decline drop-down water mold of setting, drop-down water mold is removed into casting mold room；
S5. the direct current for closing the first hot-wire coil and the second hot-wire coil, closing when casting mold formwork is cooled to room temperature
Third hot-wire coil simultaneously takes out monocrystalline.
Further, in S2 step, when casting mold room temperature reaches 1500~1600 DEG C, DC current is maintained to stablize dimension
The indoor temperature of casting mold and static magnetic field strength are held, DC current is that 400000~600000 ampere-hour static magnetic field strengths reach 1.0
~2.5 teslas.
Further, it in S4 step, after drop-down water mold removes casting mold room, is held with the speed of 0.5~4.5mm/min
20~40min of continuous decline；In S5 step, the direct current of the first hot-wire coil and the second hot-wire coil is closed, water cooling knot will be pulled down
Brilliant device drops to fire door with the speed of 60~120mm/min.
Further, reversed magnetostatic field is the reversed magnetostatic field warehouse of annular magnetism-free stainless steel.
Further, the first hot-wire coil and the second hot-wire coil are all made of tungsten alloy coil windings coiling and form.
Further, the outer cover of tungsten alloy coil windings is equipped with 99% aluminium oxide corundum casing of high-temperature insulation.
Further, magnetic receptor heat screen is graphite carbon felt magnetic receptor heat screen.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the benefit that
1. the present invention is provided with magnetic receptor heat screen between casting mold room and reversed magnetostatic field warehouse；It reduces in casting mold room
Heat and the magnetic line of force be pierced by casting mold；And in the lower section of magnetic receptor heat screen, the opposite third hot-wire coil of current direction is configured,
The third hot-wire coil is the oil cooled copper coil winding with demagnetization heat sinking function of insulation, which is passed into directly
Galvanic electricity simultaneously generates the magnetostatic field contrary with the magnetostatic field of casting mold room above magnetic receptor heat screen, to offset through magnetic by
The magnetic flux leakage that the magnetic line of force that body heat screen gets off is formed helps to improve the temperature ladder at the upper and lower interface of magnetic receptor heat screen
Degree.
2. copper coil winding can be absorbed by the copper coil winding equipped with insulation cooling unit by being passed through direct current institute
The heat that the resistance heating of generation and absorption are conducted through magnetic receptor heat screen, facilitates above and below magnetic receptor heat screen
Interface generates higher temperature gradient (relative to application " the difunctional foundry furnace of fine grain, monocrystalline and single crystal casting method before
With fine grain casting method ", the patent and not set copper coil winding, therefore, it is impossible to the magnetic force for being perforated through magnetic receptor heat screen
The magnetic flux leakage that line is formed carries out heat dissipation demagnetization, and temperature gradient is less than the temperature of the invention at magnetic receptor heat screen upper and lower interface
Spend gradient).
3. the temperature ladder that patent " the difunctional foundry furnace of fine grain, monocrystalline and single crystal casting method and fine grain casting method " generates
Degree has theoretical limit, and in casting mold room, the magnetostatic field that asynchronous curvature effect is generated above magnetic receptor heat screen is called
Positive magnetostatic field, if the lasting increasing of intensity, the magnetic flux leakage generated below magnetic receptor heat screen can also be increased accordingly, this
Will fail temperature gradient, and the present invention is due to the reversed magnetostatic field that is additionally arranged below magnetic receptor heat screen, as long as just
While increase to static magnetic field strength, reversed magnetostatic field also increases, and temperature gradient would not be destroyed, therefore, theoretically, just
Can infinitely it increase to static magnetic field strength, thus the degree of asynchronous curvature effect can infinitely increase, and generate higher temperature
Gradient eliminates the theoretical limit of temperature gradient, and therefore, any metal or alloy can realize that plane is solidifying using the orientation furnace
Gu higher temperature gradient just can be generated as long as the manufacture level of stove can reach, not the limitation of theoretical limit.
4. the present invention increases forced refrigeration measure to the copper coil winding for applying magnetostatic field, so that reaching crystal-pulling
When high temperature, bigger DC current can be passed through to the copper coil winding, obtain higher static magnetic field strength.Relative to existing
Temperature gradient (about 70 DEG C) at magnetic receptor heat screen in technology, on solid, liquid interface of the invention, that is, magnetic receptor heat screen
The temperature gradient of lower interface is more than 100 DEG C.
It in the present invention, can also be combined with each other between above-mentioned each technical solution, to realize more preferred assembled schemes.This
Other feature and advantage of invention will illustrate in the following description, also, certain advantages can become from specification it is aobvious and
It is clear to, or understand through the implementation of the invention.The objectives and other advantages of the invention can by specification, claims with
And it is achieved and obtained in specifically noted content in attached drawing.
Detailed description of the invention
Attached drawing is only used for showing the purpose of specific embodiment, and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, in entire attached drawing
In, identical reference symbol indicates identical component.
Fig. 1 is the casting mold room main view of orientation furnace provided by the invention；
Fig. 2 is the casting mold room top view of orientation furnace provided by the invention；
Fig. 3 is the casting mold room longitudinal profile of orientation furnace provided by the invention；
Fig. 4 is the casting mold room A-A section of orientation furnace provided by the invention.
Appended drawing reference:
The first hot-wire coil of 1-；The second hot-wire coil of 2-；3- load slot；4- insulating layer 4；5- magnetic receptor heat screen；6- is cold
But liquid copper pipe；7- cover board；8- insulation cooling oil；9- third hot-wire coil；10- pulls down water mold；11- pulls down water cooling crystallization
Device elevating lever；The reversed magnetostatic field warehouse of 12-；13- insulation cooling oil input pipe；14- insulation cooling oil efferent duct.
Specific embodiment
Specifically describing the preferred embodiment of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawing, wherein attached drawing constitutes the application a part, and
Together with embodiments of the present invention for illustrating the principle of the present invention, it is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
Embodiment one
The present invention provides a kind of orientation furnaces using asynchronous bending techniques, as shown in figs. 1 and 3, including it is casting mold room, anti-
Drop-down water mold 10 to magnetostatic field warehouse 12 and positioned at reversed 12 middle part of magnetostatic field warehouse；Casting mold room includes the first energization
Coil 1, the second hot-wire coil 2 and load slot 3, the first hot-wire coil 1 and 2 inner space of the second hot-wire coil constitute magnetostatic field and apply
Add area, magnetostatic field applied area is also temperature heating zone；First hot-wire coil 1 and the second hot-wire coil 2 are located at load slot 3
In, the first hot-wire coil 1 is located at the top of the second hot-wire coil 2；Reversed magnetostatic field warehouse 12 is including third hot-wire coil 9 and absolutely
Edge cooling unit, third lead to coil inside and form the magnetostatic field contrary with casting mold room magnetostatic field；Insulation cooling unit is used for
Cooling reversed magnetostatic field warehouse 12；When foundry furnace is used for single crystal casting, magnetic is equipped between casting mold room and reversed magnetostatic field warehouse 12
Receptor heat screen 5, magnetic receptor heat screen 5 are set to the lower end surface of the second hot-wire coil 2.
When implementation, as shown in figure 3, the casting mold formwork for filling high temperature master alloy is set in the magnetostatic field applied area of casting mold room,
Lead to high power DC electricity in first hot-wire coil 1 and the second hot-wire coil 2, in the first hot-wire coil 1 and the second hot-wire coil 2
While resistance heating generates high temperature, the two can also generate axial magnetostatic field (steady magnetic field), and magnetic field strength is enough to cause gold
The conductive portion and its neutral fraction for belonging to liquid atom occur asynchronous bending and generate the solidification surfusion (physics of this phenomenon
Process is as described below: orienting the working principle of furnace).
It should be noted that as shown in figure 3, be pierced by casting mold room to minimize the indoor heat of casting mold and the magnetic line of force,
Temperature gradient is improved, orients and is provided with magnetic receptor heat screen 5 between the casting mold room of furnace and reversed magnetostatic field warehouse 12, (for example, stone
Black carbon felt magnetic receptor heat screen 5), which is set to the lower end surface of the second hot-wire coil 2 of casting mold room and reversed quiet
Between the upper surface of the third hot-wire coil 9 of magnetic field warehouse 12.Magnetic receptor heat screen 5 reduces the indoor heat radiation of casting mold and absorption
The magnetic line of force, but can not theoretically avoid heat radiation and the magnetic line of force to pass through magnetic receptor heat screen 5 completely and then enter reversed magnetostatic
In the warehouse 12 of field.
In order to improve temperature gradient as far as possible, the thickness of magnetic receptor heat screen 5 is more Bao Yuehao, but magnetic receptor heat screen
5 thickness is thinner, and heat-insulated magnetism isolating effect is poorer, more unfavorable instead, the of the invention innovation of the raising to temperature gradient
One of be to configure the opposite third hot-wire coil 9 of current direction in reversed magnetostatic field warehouse 12, which is
Copper coil winding with demagnetization heat sinking function, the copper coil winding are passed on direct current and generation and magnetic receptor heat screen 5
The contrary magnetostatic field of the magnetostatic field of the casting mold room of side is formed to offset the magnetic line of force to get off through magnetic receptor heat screen 5
Magnetic flux leakage, meanwhile, copper coil winding is equipped with insulation cooling unit, to the cooling copper coil winding due to being passed through direct current
The heat that generated resistance heating and absorption are conducted through magnetic receptor heat screen 5, in this way, 5 top of magnetic receptor heat screen
Casting mold room add magnetic to heat, and the copper coil winding of the reversed magnetostatic field of the lower section of magnetic receptor heat screen 5 can demagnetization heat dissipation, because
This, can generate higher temperature gradient (relative to application before: fine grain, monocrystalline at the upper and lower interface of magnetic receptor heat screen 5
Difunctional foundry furnace and single crystal casting method and fine grain casting method, and not set copper coil winding, therefore, it is impossible to being perforated through
The magnetic flux leakage that the magnetic line of force of magnetic receptor heat screen 5 is formed carries out heat dissipation demagnetization, therefore, the temperature of current orientation furnace or single crystal growing furnace
It spends gradient and is less than the temperature gradient of the orientation furnace of the application at runtime).
Since this patent is compared to application (the difunctional foundry furnace of fine grain, monocrystalline and single crystal casting method and fine grain before
Casting method) higher temperature can be formed at the upper and lower end face of magnetic receptor heat screen 5, so that the solidification of monocrystalline can reach
It is solidified to plane, forms the extreme idealization level for reaching monocrystalline quality without dendrite.
It is emphasized that the innovation of the application is the reversed magnetostatic field warehouse of casting mold room and the setting of its bottom
12 construction, function and the method for operation, and its to meet the related auxiliary facility of its function, orientation furnace (or single crystal growing furnace)
Other constructions and the method for operation are identical as the construction of the directional solidification furnace of routine Bridgman mode or single crystal growing furnace.
The design principle of orientation furnace provided in this embodiment:
Currently, the physics essence for being proved gravitational field in terms of mathematics and observation two is space-time bending.In nature
Four interactions power in, gravitational active force is weaker, and the active force of magnetostatic field force is stronger, and due to electromagnetic force ratio
Gravitational action intensity wants big ten tens powers times, and therefore, electromagnetic force field space-time bending degree will be far longer than universal
Gravitational field space-time bending degree.That is, due to the application of magnetostatic field so that the conductive portion of atom and neutral fraction when
Asynchronous bending has occurred in empty interval.
Specifically, metal or alloy is all by atomic building, and atom includes conductive portion and neutral fraction, conductive portion
It is exactly negative electron and positive electron, positive electron and neutron constitute proton, proton constituting atom core, and negative electron is run outside atomic nucleus.
Either magnetisable material or namagnetic substance, empty interval is in electrostatic electromagnetism when locating for the positive electron and negative electron in atom
Corresponding bending all necessarily occurs in high forces gravitational field as.And empty interval when locating for the neutral fraction of the atom
Bending degree still maintains the when empty interval bending degree of weak force gravitational field as the gravitation locating for it, this is also
Be it is described above, the conductive portion of atom and the when empty interval bending degree of neutral fraction are nonsynchronous.In this way, the substance
Atom conductive portion when empty interval reduce.
It should be noted that the neutral fraction of the atom of the substance accounts for the 99.9% of nuclear quality, the quality of positive electron
It is identical in quality with negative electron, it therefore, also can not be obvious in the small high forces gravitational field as electrostatic electromagnetic field of quality
Change the space-time position that space-time bending degree of the atomic nucleus in weak force gravitational field is determined.Therefore, the atom of the substance
The distance of core from each other will not change.The distance between they are that the size of its average translational kinetic energy is determined, also
It is that temperature is determined.And the negative electron electron cloud that the solidification of liquid is exactly adjacent atom in fact be in contact occur electron exchange at
Bond is brilliant, so if the distance between adjacent atom core does not become, and electron cloud reduces, that bonding that can not just contact with each other
It crystallizes, therefore, under the electromagnetic force space-time bending condition for applying magnetostatic field, the fluid temperature of the substance is still lower than freezing point
It will not solidify or crystallize, to generate liquid supercooling.
It should be noted that it is passive supercooling that existing liquid, which crosses refrigeration technique, extraneous intervention is not applied, only by strongly
The interference to liquid is reduced, for example, improving the degree of purity of liquid, the disturbance for reducing liquid etc., its inside is made not have fluctuation of energy,
It is subcooled from without solidifying or crystallizing, and then with the decline of temperature.But the mode of above-mentioned passive supercooling is nothing
Method realizes big deeply undercooling, and industrial condition is to be difficult to meet its requirement；And orientation furnace provided in this embodiment, using difference
It is actively to be subcooled that step, which was bent refrigeration technique, leans on applying means intervention, by applying magnetostatic field strength under the conditions of coarse industrial environment
System supercooling, and since magnetostatic field does not have heat effect, it is possible to its static magnetic field strength is improved as possible, is also just bigger depth
Supercooling provide possibility.
Monocrystalline is produced using above-mentioned orientation furnace, the monocrystalline quality level that plane can be made to solidify is (that is: without the water of dendrite
Flat, this is that the extreme idealization of monocrystalline quality is horizontal) it is realized under the conditions of industrial coarse, and reach industrial
Magnitude.
Meanwhile the casting mold room of above-mentioned orientation furnace can also extend metal liquid (casting mold of casting mold formwork in casting mold formwork
In type chamber) high undercooling holds time, and not only mold-filling capacity can achieve the mold-filling capacity of neat liquid, but also complete due to filling type
This pure metal liquid can also maintain a period of time afterwards, when this just also to gas, field trash and solidification feeding provides required
Between, be conducive to improve single crystal casting quality.
For single crystal growing furnace, the superiority and inferiority of monocrystalline solidification is that at the liquid-solid interface in metal liquid solidification at this time
Temperature gradient, the temperature gradient the big better.Compared to invention (the difunctional foundry furnace of fine grain, monocrystalline and monocrystalline before
Casting method and fine grain casting method), the present invention is provided with reversed while generating asynchronous curvature effect using magnetostatic field
Magnetostatic field and insulation cooling unit, so that reversed magnetostatic field counteracts and generates the magnetostatic field of asynchronous curvature effect and coagulate in master alloy
Gu when solid, liquid interface location magnetic flux leakage in downward direction, that is to say, that so that this interface location in downward direction
Asynchronous curvature effect also without.Thus the solid, liquid interface when metal liquid solidifies forms higher temperature ladder
Degree.In this way, the magnetostatic field for generating asynchronous curvature effect just only generates asynchronous bending in the top of solidification solid, liquid interface location
Effect, so that the freezing point of the substance declines, this is equivalent to be to further improve melt under same overtemperature
The degree of superheat, because the overtemperature of melt has been superimposed this section of overheat of melt freezing point decline due to asynchronous curvature effect
Degree, is also equivalent to further improve overtemperature, therefore be also equivalent to further improve temperature gradient.
It should be noted that copper coil winding is cooled down equipped with insulation in reversed magnetostatic field-reversed magnetostatic field warehouse 12
Unit, which is the cooling circulating liquid that insulate, to the cooling copper coil winding as being passed through resistance caused by direct current
The heat that fever and absorption are conducted through magnetic receptor heat screen 5, in this way, the casting mold room of 5 top of magnetic receptor heat screen adds magnetic
Heating, and the copper coil winding of the reversed magnetostatic field of the lower section of magnetic receptor heat screen 5 can demagnetization heat dissipation therefore can be in magnetic receptor
Higher temperature gradient is generated at the upper and lower interface of heat screen 5, such structure and mechanism can generate higher temperature gradient,
It breaks through and eliminates the theoretical limit of temperature gradient, and application (the difunctional foundry furnace of fine grain, monocrystalline and the single crystal casting of earlier application
Method and fine grain casting method) there are theoretical limit, concrete reason are as follows:
The magnetostatic field of asynchronous curvature effect is generated above casting mold room magnetic receptor heat screen 5 as positive magnetostatic field, if its
Magnetic field strength persistently increases, then the magnetic flux leakage generated below magnetic receptor heat screen 5 can also increase accordingly, and then the magnetic flux leakage meeting
Fail temperature gradient；And this patent is below magnetic receptor heat screen 5 due to being additionally arranged reversed magnetostatic field, as long as in forward direction
While static magnetic field strength increases magnetic field strength, while the magnetic field strength of reversed magnetostatic field is accordingly increased, casting mold room and reversed
The temperature gradient of magnetostatic field would not be destroyed, and therefore, theoretically, positive static magnetic field strength can infinitely increase, because without
The degree of synchronous curvature effect can infinitely increase, and generate higher temperature gradient, also just without theoretical limit, thus not
It is those, but any metal or alloy can realize that plane solidifies.As long as the manufacture level of stove can reach, higher temperature
Gradient is spent, without theoretical limit.(the different metal fluid requirements magnetic field strength when the static magnetic field strength applied is sufficiently high in this way
It is different) solidification of monocrystalline can reach plane solidification, and no dendrite, this is that the extreme idealization of monocrystalline quality is horizontal.
Meanwhile above-mentioned orientation furnace can make the temperature gradient of technical grade single crystal growing furnace reach the level that plane solidifies.Thus
Can make this in-situ fiber composite material of directional eutectic largely be prepared into may (if monocrystal is compared to body of cement,
So directional eutectic body is exactly reinforced concrete body).In-situ fiber composite material is different from plus fiber composite material, plus fiber
Fiber and matrix combination degree of perfection be always unable to catch up with due to natural in-situ fiber fiber and matrix combination
Degree of perfection.In addition, in terms of high-temperature stability, since in-situ fiber composite material is that directional eutectic is concretionary,
It is thermodynamic equilibrium state, will not be changed until melting its in-situ fiber high-temperature stability all.And plus fiber is compound
Material works as temperature height to a certain extent, and plus fiber will react with matrix causes its fibre strength to decline.But from
Raw fibrous composite must be directional eutectic solidification, and orienting eutectic freezing must be plane solidification, solidifying if not plane
Gu eutectic phase just can not grow threadiness but is grown to serve as sunflower shape, sunflower shape eutectic phase is the routine of eutectic alloy composition
Solidified structure.
In addition, solidifying segregation is inevitable for the production of single crystal product article, that is to say, that it casts microcosmic group
Knit be grown to serve as it is dendritic be desirably also born of the same parents' shape the non-uniform microstructure of alloying component, industry at present in the world is single
Brilliant furnace single crystal product article produced is all dendroid.Namely why current aero-engine single crystal blade requires to carry out for this
The reason of high-temperature heat treatment, seeks to eliminate these dendroid component segregations, and can not thoroughly eliminate at present, thus makes
Mechanical property is by certain loss.And it is this be for high temperature alloy close to the maximum temperature of fusing point heat treatment this
Not only energy consumption is high and it is necessary to the controllable temperature for manufacture of just being had the ability using the aero-engine big countries for only having minority traditional in the world
High-temperature vacuum heat-treatment furnace, therefore cost is very high, and this is heat-treated the finished product list for having given many difficulties just to produce
The final qualification of brilliant blade brings many uncertainties, this is the current non-traditional insoluble problem of aero-engine big country.
And the temperature gradient of our single crystal growing furnace can achieve the plane solidification of single crystal alloy ingredient, that is to say, that can directly grow
There is no the intact single crystal blade of dendritic segregation, therefore can be the highest close to fusing point for high temperature alloy to avoid that
The heat treatment of temperature.
Gradient, casting mold room are mentioned in order to greatly improve the temperature between 5 upper surface of magnetic receptor heat screen and lower end surface
Interior magnetostatic field applied area is equal in reversed magnetostatic field warehouse 12 by the magnetic field strength of the magnetic flux leakage of magnetic receptor heat screen 5 by third
The magnetic field strength for the magnetostatic field that hot-wire coil 9 is formed.Specifically, reversed magnetostatic field warehouse 12 (such as: annular magnetism-free stainless steel is anti-
To magnetostatic field warehouse 12) magnetic field strength of reversed magnetostatic field that generates of interior copper coil winding is equal to magnetostatic field applied area in casting mold room
Pass through the magnetic field strength of the magnetic flux leakage of magnetic receptor heat screen 5.
In order to more easily control the speed of lifting casting mold formwork, casting mold mould is equipped with above drop-down water mold 10
Shell is equipped with drop-down water mold jacking system in drop-down 10 bottom of water mold, and drop-down water cooling jacking system includes drop-down
Water mold elevating lever 11, drop-down water mold elevating lever 11 is for going up and down drop-down water mold 10.
Specifically, casting mold formwork is placed on the drop-down water mold 10 below casting mold room, center is aligned to ensure
Casting mold formwork will not scratch the device of surrounding when ascending into casting mold room, then will place the drop-down water cooling knot of casting mold formwork
Brilliant device 10 rises to plane and graphite carbon felt magnetic receptor on drop-down water mold 10 by pulling down water mold elevating lever 11
The fair position of the lower plane of heat screen 5, that is, the lower plane and the lower of graphite carbon felt magnetic receptor heat screen 5 of casting mold formwork are put down
The fair position in face；Samming is required to stablize the time according to the technique of conventional single, then starting drop-down water crystallization device jacking system,
Drop-down water crystallization device is removed in casting mold room；By pulling down water mold elevating lever 11, control drop-down water cooling can be accurate to
Crystallizer 10, and then master alloy liquid is accurately controlled in the crystallization time in casting mold formwork and at magnetic receptor heat screen 5
Residence time under temperature gradient, refine dendrite obviously.
In addition, to further increase the temperature gradient at the magnetic receptor heat screen 5 below casting mold room, the present invention passes through to anti-
Copper coil winding into magnetostatic field warehouse 12 is provided with insulation cooling unit, and insulation cooling unit includes insulation cooling oil input
Pipe 13, insulation cooling oil 8 and insulation cooling oil efferent duct 14；Insulation cooling oil 8 is used to cool down the heat of the generation of third hot-wire coil 9
Measure and be conducted through from casting mold room the heat come.Specifically, insulation cooling unit uses forced refrigeration measure, the insulation cooling unit
It is copper coil winding to the third hot-wire coil 9 in reversed magnetostatic field warehouse 12 using the forced circulation system of insulation cooling oil 8
Pressure cooling is carried out, after copper coil winding is cooling, since the oil temperature of heat transfer insulation cooling oil 8 will do it raising, in order to guarantee
The cooling effect for the cooling oil 8 that insulate, is cooled down using external circulating water-cooled system insulation cooling oil 8 raised to the temperature, from
And the temperature gradient at magnetic receptor heat screen 5 is further improved, solid, liquid interface temperature gradient generally can be improved on industrial furnace
Slightly surpass 100 DEG C.
The arrangement of first hot-wire coil 1 for convenience, as shown in Figure 3 and Figure 4, above-mentioned first hot-wire coil 1 can be more
Layer structure (for example, 2~5 layers) may include specifically multilayer the first energization subcoil axially arranged along casting mold room.
It is understood that load slot 3 includes the sub- groove of multilayer, for accommodating the first energization subcoil.And for the second hot-wire coil
2, since its own highly cannot be excessively high, the second hot-wire coil 2 is single layer structure, including one layer of second energization subcoil,
Meanwhile load slot 3 further includes the sub- groove for accommodating the second energization subcoil.This is because load slot 3 at high temperature can
The weight of receiving is limited, and the first hot-wire coil 1 need to have it is certain using height, can be with by the first hot-wire coil 1
For multilayered structure, every layer of first energization subcoil is arranged in corresponding sub- groove, can reduce the first hot-wire coil 1 to load
The pressure of slot 3 guarantees the integrally-built safety in above-mentioned casting mold room and stablizes.
It is burnt in order to avoid electrical current is excessive in the first hot-wire coil 1 and the second hot-wire coil 2, above-mentioned first is logical
Electric coil 1 and the second hot-wire coil 2 can be formed using tungsten alloy coil windings coiling, the outer cover of tungsten alloy coil windings
Equipped with 99% aluminium oxide corundum casing of high-temperature insulation.Due to tungsten alloy fusing point close to 3000 DEG C be much higher than copper wire fusing point
(close to 1000 DEG C), can be to avoid electrical current in the first hot-wire coil 1 and the second hot-wire coil 2 using tungsten alloy coil windings
Excessive the problem of burning.
It further include insulating layer 4 as shown in Figures 2 to 4 to provide above-mentioned foundry furnace temperature controlled accuracy, it should
Insulating layer 4 is set to the outer peripheral surface of load slot 3 and the upper surface of load slot 3, and the insulating layer 4 positioned at load slot upper surface is cylinder
Shape forces cold cover board 7.Since the temperature of casting mold room is higher (can generally achieve 1500~1600 DEG C), setting insulating layer 4 can
High temperature is avoided to cause to damage to furnace wall.
In order to reduce the furnace body other parts that the indoor heat of casting mold is dissipated to orientation furnace, orientation furnace further includes cooling layer, cold
But layer is set to the outer peripheral surface of insulating layer 4, is different from existing technology (the difunctional foundry furnace of fine grain, monocrystalline and single crystal casting method
With fine grain casting method), as shown in Figures 2 to 4, rectangular water cooling stainless steel tube has been changed to rectangular coolant liquid copper pipe 6, to obtain
Stronger cooling effect, and then can further improve the tungsten alloy wire for being passed through and being cased with 99% aluminium oxide corundum casing of high-temperature insulation
The DC amperage of winding is enclosed, to obtain the higher magnetostatic field of intensity, and then obtains bigger metal liquid degree of supercooling.
It should be noted that the shape of the magnetostatic field applied area of above-mentioned casting mold room is that center axial symmetry is cylinder-shaped.The present invention
Innovation be the structure and function and the method for operation of casting mold room, and its to meet the related auxiliary facility of its function,
Orient the directional solidification furnace or monocrystalline of other constructions and the method for operation and routine Bridgman mode of furnace or single crystal growing furnace
Furnace it is identical.
The present invention also provides a kind of single crystal casting methods using asynchronous bending techniques, which is characterized in that in use
The orientation furnace stated, single crystal casting method the following steps are included:
S1. then deoxidation carbon needed for master alloy being placed in fusion crucible and being added checks the thermometric dress of orientation furnace
It sets with whether peep-hole is (some conventional equipments or component of orientation furnace are not drawn in Figure of description) good for use, opens
Furnace body and vacuum system are opened, and opens the cooling water recirculation system of rectangular coolant liquid copper pipe 6 and drop-down water mold 10, and
Open the forced circulation system of the transformer insulation cooling oil 8 of the annular reversed magnetostatic field warehouse 12 of magnetism-free stainless steel and cold to this
But oil carries out forcing cooling external circulating water-cooled system.
S2. casting mold formwork is placed on the drop-down water mold 10 below casting mold room, center is aligned to ensure casting mold
Formwork will not scratch the device of surrounding when ascending into casting mold room, then will place the drop-down water mold of casting mold formwork
10 rise to the position that plane is fair with the lower plane of graphite carbon felt magnetic receptor heat screen 5 thereon, that is, under casting mold formwork
The fair position of the lower plane of plane and graphite carbon felt magnetic receptor heat screen 5.
S3. fire door is closed to vacuumize, the vacuum degree of furnace to be oriented is extracted into≤5Pa after, open tungsten alloy coil windings
DC power supply is with heated mold room, when casting mold room reaches set temperature, DC current is maintained to maintain casting mold indoor to stablize
Temperature and static magnetic field strength as high as possible, and at the same time opening the reversed reversed magnetostatic field of direct current electric forming of copper coil winding.
S4. according to a conventional method (refer in the difunctional foundry furnace of fine grain, monocrystalline and single crystal casting method and fine grain casting method or
Person's single crystal casting method in the prior art) master alloy in fusion crucible is melted, routinely monocrystalline master alloy melt overheats
And cooling, this master alloy liquid castable is then entered into casting mold formwork.
S5. it holds samming required by master alloy liquid and casting mold formwork routine crystal-pulling technique and stablizes the time, then open
Dynamic drop-down water mold jacking system, by the speed decline drop-down water mold 10 of setting, the master alloy liquid is opened at this time
Beginning is solidified with sequence from bottom to top, and the superiority and inferiority of monocrystalline solidification is the liquid-solid interface leading edge temperature ladder in solidification at this time
The size of degree, temperature gradient is bigger, and the performance of monocrystalline is better, for general single crystal growing furnace, that is, on magnetic receptor heat screen 5
The size of the temperature gradient of the cold-zone of the hot-zone and 5 lower part of magnetic receptor heat screen in portion, and orientation furnace casting mold room of the invention has
It is (that is: curved that strong static magnetic field can make space-time section locating for the atomic nucleus neutral fraction and its electronics of the liquid that asynchronous bending occur
Qu Chengdu is different), then solidification and crystallization temperature exchange pair that electronically forms of the electronics of the atom of the liquid and adjacent atom melts
Point, to temperature passage lower (than the environment of conventional not electromagnetic field), this is equal on the heat screen of general single crystal growing furnace casting mold room
It has been superimposed again in the quantity of portion hot-zone overtemperature since liquid fusing point reduces (the i.e. temperature of the difference of supercooling fusing point and normal melting point
Quantity) and increased temperature amount, although therefore the casting mold room heat screen top hot-zone of the orientation furnace temperature unlike general list
Brilliant furnace casting mold room heat screen top hot zone temperature is high, but two parts temperature amount being superimposed is added up than general single crystal growing furnace casting mold
The degree of superheat of room heat screen top hot-zone is high, therefore the heat screen top hot-zone of the stove and the temperature gradient of lower part cold-zone are certain
Also just bigger than general single crystal growing furnace.
S6. when all drop-down removes stone to the monocrystalline casting mold containing master alloy liquid being placed on drop-down water mold 10
After under black carbon felt magnetic receptor heat screen 5, at this point, master alloy liquid contained in the monocrystalline casting mold is suitable with from bottom to top
Sequence all solidifies out into monocrystal, and when this, drop-down water mold can be shut down by pulling down when crystallizer drops to suitable position
Jacking system closes the DC power supply of input tungsten alloy coil windings, and after monocrystalline solidifies well, casting mold formwork is cooled to room
Temperature takes out the casting mold formwork, completes single crystal casting process.
S7. for drawing directional eutectic product, the difference is that the above monocrystalline master alloy is changed into eutectic master alloy, according to need
Improve the static magnetic field strength of casting mold preheating temperature and casting mold local environment in S3 step, in terms of casting mold, eutectic casting mold one
As it is identical as the constituent material of monocrystalline casting mold and manufacturing process.
It should be noted that, when casting mold room temperature reaches 1500~1600 DEG C, maintaining DC current with steady in S2 step
Surely the indoor temperature of casting mold and static magnetic field strength are maintained, DC current is 400000~600000 ampere-hours, and static magnetic field strength reaches
To 1.0~2.5 teslas.
It also needs to illustrate, in S4 step, after drop-down water mold 10 removes casting mold room, with 0.5~4.5mm/
The speed of min continues to decline 20~40min；In S5 step, the direct current of the first hot-wire coil 1 and the second hot-wire coil 2 is closed,
Drop-down water mold 10 is dropped into fire door with the speed of 60~120mm/min.
Embodiment two
S1. 10 kilograms of master alloys are placed in fusion crucible, then 1 gram of deoxidation carbon is placed on master alloy, is then examined
It looks into temperature measuring equipment and whether peep-hole is good for use, open furnace body and vacuum system, and open rectangular coolant liquid copper pipe 6 and drop-down
The insulation cooling unit of water mold 10, and the cooling water for opening rectangular coolant liquid copper pipe 6 and drop-down water mold 10 follows
Loop system, and open the forced circulation of the transformer insulation cooling oil 8 of the reversed magnetostatic field warehouse 12 of annular magnetism-free stainless steel
System and the external circulating water-cooled system for force to the cooling oil cooling.
S2. casting mold formwork is placed on the drop-down water mold 10 below casting mold room, center is aligned to ensure casting mold
Formwork will not scratch the device of surrounding when ascending into casting mold room, then will place the drop-down water mold of casting mold formwork
10 rise to the position that plane is fair with the lower plane of graphite carbon felt magnetic receptor heat screen 5 thereon, that is, under casting mold formwork
The fair position of the lower plane of plane and graphite carbon felt magnetic receptor heat screen 5.
S3. fire door is closed to vacuumize, be extracted into vacuum degree≤5Pa after, open the DC power supply of tungsten alloy coil to add
Hot-cast type room maintains DC current when casting mold room temperature reaches 1580 DEG C to stablize the indoor temperature of maintenance casting mold and to the greatest extent may be used
The high static magnetic field strength of energy, generally can achieve 1.6 teslas or so in 558000 ampere-hours, and at the same time opening reversed magnetostatic
Field oil cools down the reversed direct current of demagnetization, the coil windings that radiate.
S4. the master alloy in fusion crucible is melted according to a conventional method, routinely monocrystalline master alloy melt overheat and drop
Then this master alloy liquid castable is entered casting mold formwork by temperature；
S5. samming required by master alloy liquid and casting mold formwork routine crystal-pulling technique is maintained to stablize the time, then
Starting drop-down water mold jacking system sets drop-down 10 decrease speed of water mold as 3 millimeters per minute, opens drop-down
Water mold 10, the liquid starts consecutive solidification from bottom to top at this time.
S6. when the casting mold formwork containing master alloy liquid being placed on drop-down water mold 10 all declines and removes
After under graphite carbon felt magnetic receptor heat screen 5, at this point, master alloy liquid contained in the casting mold formwork is suitable with from bottom to top
Sequence all solidifies out into monocrystal, at this point, still maintaining velocity pull-down 40 minutes of 3mm/min, is then shut off input tungsten alloy wire
The direct current of winding is enclosed, drop-down speed is then adjusted to 60mm/min, this drop-down water mold 10 is dropped into orientation furnace
Drop-down water cooling Crystal-pulling machine jacking system is shut down when lower furnace door position to be cooled to room temperature casting mold formwork after monocrystalline solidifies well, beat
Lower furnace door is opened, takes out the casting mold formwork, and new casting mold formwork is placed on the water mold, which is crystallized
Device 10, which rises, to be resetted, then restarts a new furnace by S1.Or DC power supply is directly closed, vacuum system power supply is closed, is closed
Control power supply is closed, insulation 8 circulatory system of cooling oil is closed, closes water circulation system.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto,
In the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, any changes or substitutions that can be easily thought of by anyone skilled in the art,
It should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of orientation furnace using asynchronous bending techniques, which is characterized in that including casting mold room, reversed magnetostatic field warehouse and position
Drop-down water mold in the middle part of reversed magnetostatic field warehouse；
The casting mold room includes the first hot-wire coil, the second hot-wire coil and load slot, and first hot-wire coil and second are led to
Electric coil inner space constitutes magnetostatic field applied area, and the magnetostatic field applied area is also temperature heating zone；First live wire
Circle and the second hot-wire coil are located in load slot, and first hot-wire coil is located at the top of the second hot-wire coil；
The reversed magnetostatic field warehouse include third hot-wire coil and insulation cooling unit, the third lead to coil inside formed with
The contrary magnetostatic field of casting mold room magnetostatic field；Insulation cooling unit is for cooling down reversed magnetostatic field warehouse；The casting mold room with
Magnetic receptor thermal insulation layer is equipped between reversed magnetostatic field warehouse.
2. the orientation furnace according to claim 1 using asynchronous bending techniques, which is characterized in that quiet in the casting mold room
The part magnetic line of force in magnetic field passes through magnetic receptor thermal insulation layer and forms magnetic flux leakage；In the magnetic flux leakage and the reversed magnetostatic field warehouse
Static magnetic field strength it is equal in magnitude, contrary.
3. the orientation furnace according to claim 2 using asynchronous bending techniques, which is characterized in that the drop-down water cooling knot
It is equipped with casting mold formwork above brilliant device, drop-down water mold jacking system is equipped with below the drop-down water mold, for rising,
Fall drawing water mold.
4. the orientation furnace according to claim 1 or 3 using asynchronous bending techniques, which is characterized in that the insulating cold
But unit includes insulation cooling oil, insulation cooling oil input pipe and efferent duct；The insulation cooling oil is for cooling down third energization
The heat that coil generates and the heat conducted from casting mold room.
5. the orientation furnace according to claim 4 using asynchronous bending techniques, which is characterized in that first live wire
Circle includes multilayer energization subcoil；Second hot-wire coil includes one layer of energization subcoil；The load slot be equipped with it is more
Layer energization subcoil and the corresponding groove structure of one layer of energization subcoil.
6. the orientation furnace according to claim 5 using asynchronous bending techniques, which is characterized in that the orientation furnace also wraps
Insulating layer is included, the insulating layer is set to the outer peripheral surface of load slot and the upper surface of load slot.
7. the orientation furnace according to claim 6 using asynchronous bending techniques, which is characterized in that the orientation furnace also wraps
Cooling layer is included, the cooling layer is set to the outer peripheral surface of insulating layer.
8. a kind of single crystal casting method using asynchronous bending techniques, which is characterized in that using as described in claim 1 to 7
Orientation furnace, the single crystal casting method the following steps are included:
S1. casting mold formwork is placed on the drop-down water mold below casting mold room, drop-down water mold is risen to it
The fair position of the upper plane of lower plane and magnetic receptor heat screen；
S2. the first hot-wire coil and the second hot-wire coil lead to direct current, so that the indoor temperature of casting mold reaches set temperature, first
Inside magnetostatic field inside hot-wire coil and the second hot-wire coil reaches setting intensity, and at the same time opening third hot-wire coil
Reversed direct current；Magnetostatic field reaches the leakage field field intensity by magnetic receptor thermal insulation layer inside third hot-wire coil；
S3. the master alloy liquid castable of fusing is entered in casting mold formwork；
S4. drop-down water mold is moved down by the decrease speed of setting, drop-down water mold removes casting mold room；
S5. the direct current for closing the first hot-wire coil and the second hot-wire coil closes third when casting mold formwork is cooled to room temperature
Hot-wire coil simultaneously takes out monocrystalline.
9. the single crystal casting method according to claim 8 using asynchronous bending techniques, which is characterized in that the S2 step
In rapid, when casting mold room temperature reaches 1500~1600 DEG C, DC current is maintained to stablize and maintain the indoor temperature of casting mold and quiet
Magnetic field strength, DC current are 400000~600000 amperes, and static magnetic field strength reaches 1.0~2.5 teslas.
10. the single crystal casting method according to claim 8 using asynchronous bending techniques, which is characterized in that the S4
In step, after drop-down water mold removes casting mold room, 20~40min is continued to decline with the speed of 0.5~4.5mm/min；Institute
State in S5 step, close the direct current of the first hot-wire coil and the second hot-wire coil, will drop-down water mold with 60~
The speed of 120mm/min drops to fire door.
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| RU2754215C1 (en) * | 2020-11-02 | 2021-08-30 | Федеральное государственное унитарное предприятие "Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт авиационных материалов" (ФГУП "ВИАМ") | Device for producing large-sized castings with directional and single-crystal structure |
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Application publication date: 20190129 |