CN109279644B - 一种狼牙棒状CdS的制备方法及产品 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种狼牙棒状CdS的制备方法及产品,制备包括:1)将硫脲溶解在乙二醇水溶液中得到硫脲溶液;2)将氯化镉与聚乙二醇溶解在乙二醇水溶液中得到氯化镉溶液;3)将硫脲溶液与氯化镉溶液滴加混合,继续加入乙二醇水溶液得到混合液;所述混合液中水与乙二醇的体积比为1:1~3:1;4)混合液进行水热反应,得到狼牙棒状CdS。本发明通过调控溶剂的不同比例,以氯化镉为镉源,以硫脲为硫源,在表面修饰剂的作用下,通过对反应条件的精确调控,制备得到了分布均匀的狼牙棒状CdS。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及无机材料合成领域,具体涉及一种狼牙棒状CdS的制备方法及产品。
背景技术
硫化镉(CdS)是一种常见的金属硫化物,相对分子量为144.48,微溶于水。硫化镉的固体形态包括晶态和无定形态,一般为黄色或橘红色粉末。其中硫化镉的晶体结构有两种类型,分别为闪锌矿型(面心立方)结构与纤锌矿型(六方)结构。硫化镉一般是多晶结构,它由较为稳定的纤锌矿型晶相和次稳定的闪锌矿型晶相组成。
硫化镉是一种典型的Ⅱ-Ⅵ族半导体材料,并且属于n型直接半导体。硫化镉的禁带宽度约为2.42eV,对光的最大吸收峰位于514nm,因此可以用波长低于514nm的可见光和紫外光将其位于价带中的电子激发跃迁至导带。基于这些特性,硫化镉能直接对可见光响应,可以作为太阳光催化反应的催化剂。另外,硫化镉具有介电常数小、激子效应大等特点,因而在非线性光学、光电调节器、光敏电阻、传感器等领域具有广泛的应用前景。
然而硫化镉也具有易发生光腐蚀、光生电子-空穴对容易复合、颗粒易团聚等缺点,这些缺点使得在实际的可见光催化反应中硫化镉的光催化活性较低,降低了其实用价值。但是,通过对硫化镉进行纳米化,改变颗粒形貌等方式,硫化镉在光催化方面仍能发挥巨大的作用。
溶剂热法是现在制备纳米材料的常用方法,该方法是指在密闭体系内使用特定的溶剂,在一定的温度和溶液的自生压力下,原始混合物进行反应的一种合成方法。如中国发明专利申请(CN 107043124 A)公开一种硫化镉纳米花的制备方法,镉源与硫脲分散和/或溶解在二乙烯三胺/乙醇的混合溶液中,随后进行水热反应,固液分离、洗涤、冷冻干燥得所述的硫化镉纳米花,由于反应所采用的溶剂不同,导致硫化镉的形貌完全不同。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于针对现有技术的不足,提供一种狼牙棒状CdS的制备方法。
本发明所提供的技术方案为:
一种狼牙棒状CdS的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
1)将硫脲溶解在乙二醇水溶液中得到硫脲溶液;
2)将氯化镉与聚乙二醇溶解在乙二醇水溶液中得到氯化镉溶液;
3)将硫脲溶液与氯化镉溶液滴加混合,继续加入乙二醇水溶液得到混合液;所述混合液中水与乙二醇的体积比为1:1~3:1;
4)混合液进行水热反应,得到狼牙棒状CdS。
本发明中通过调控溶剂的不同比例,以氯化镉为镉源,以硫脲为硫源,在表面修饰剂的作用下,通过对反应条件的精确调控,制备得到了分布均匀的狼牙棒状CdS,制备工艺简单、可控。
作为优选,所述硫脲与氯化镉的摩尔比为2.8~3.2:1。
作为优选,所述步骤1)中硫脲溶液的浓度为2.8~3.2mol/L;所述硫脲溶液中的水与乙二醇的体积比为1:1~3:1。
作为优选,所述步骤2)中氯化镉溶液的浓度为0.8-1.2mol/L;所述氯化镉溶液中的水与乙二醇的体积比为1:1~3:1。
作为优选,所述步骤2)中氯化镉与聚乙二醇的质量比为5~7:1。进一步优选为5.5~6:1。
作为优选,所述步骤4)中水热反应的反应温度为180~220℃,反应时间为5~20h。进一步优选,反应温度为195~205℃,反应时间为10~14h。
本发明还提供一种如上述的制备方法制备得到狼牙棒状CdS。
同现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果体现在:通过调节溶剂的组分,实现对CdS形貌的可控调节,制备过程简单,易于规模化生产。
附图说明
图1为实施例1制备的CdS的XRD表征图;
图2为实施例1制备的CdS的SEM图;
图3为实施例1制备的CdS的紫外-可见吸收光谱结果图;
图4为实施例2制备的CdS的SEM图;
图5为对比例1制备的CdS的SEM图;
图6为对比例2制备的CdS的SEM图;
图7为对比例3制备的CdS的SEM图;
图8为对比例4制备的CdS的SEM图;
图9为对比例5制备的CdS的SEM图。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体的实施例对本发明作进一步详细地说明。
实施例1
1)配置乙二醇水溶液,总体积为40mL,水和乙二醇的体积比为30:10。
2)计量称取3mmol的硫脲(0.228g)和1mmol的氯化镉晶体(CdCl2·2.5H2O,0.228g),分别溶于10ml上述步骤1)得到的溶剂中,所得S2-离子浓度0.3mol/L,Cd2+离子0.1mol/L。
3)继续向将步骤2)得到的氯化镉溶液加入表面修饰剂聚乙二醇0.04g,待两个烧杯内的物质溶解且搅拌均匀后,将两个溶液缓慢地滴加混合。
4)将步骤3)得到的混合溶液转移到有效容积50mL的反应釜内,然后加入剩余的步骤1)得到的溶剂。将反应釜在200℃下保温12h,然后自然冷却到室温,用蒸馏水清洗沉淀物数次,最后在60℃的条件下用12h进行干燥,得到狼牙棒状CdS。
针对实施例1制备的狼牙棒状CdS进行XRD表征,如图1所示,X射线衍射测试表明产物为纯相CdS,主要衍射峰非常明显,证实制备得到的产物结晶性良好,反应过程中未引入杂质。
针对实施例1制备的狼牙棒状CdS进行SEM表征,如图2所示,即为狼牙棒状。
针对实施例1制备的狼牙棒状CdS进行紫外-可见吸收测试,如图3所示,可以看到所得样品禁带宽度在2.30eV左右,理论上对可见光有较大的吸收。
实施例2
参照实施例1进行制备,不同之处在于,步骤1)中水和乙二醇的体积比为20:20,同样得到狼牙棒状CdS,进行SEM表征,如图4所示,即为狼牙棒状。
对比例1
参照实施例1进行制备,不同之处在于,步骤1)中采用40ml水,得到CdS,进行SEM表征,如图5所示,没有得到狼牙棒状,当溶剂为纯水时,产物CdS呈现出典型的多级枝杈结构,其中每个晶体的主干与枝晶均十分明显,枝晶沿着主干呈对称分布,并与主干呈固定的角度。
对比例2
参照实施例1进行制备,不同之处在于,步骤1)中水和乙二醇的体积比为10:30,得到CdS,进行SEM表征,如图6所示,得到的是扁平的树叶状和畸变的狼牙棒混合形貌。
对比例3
参照实施例1进行制备,不同之处在于,步骤1)中水和乙二醇的体积比为5:35,得到CdS,进行SEM表征,如图7所示,随着乙二醇含量的增加,产物形貌从多级枝杈状逐渐向扁平的枝叶状、二维花状转变,得到的是枝叶状向二维花状的中间形貌。
对比例4
参照实施例1进行制备,不同之处在于,步骤1)中采用40ml乙二醇,得到CdS,进行SEM表征,如图8所示,产物形貌为较厚的片组装成的类玫瑰状的花。
对比例5
参照实施例1进行制备,不同之处在于,步骤1)中采用乙醇水溶液,总体积为40mL,水和乙醇的体积比为30:10,得到CdS,进行SEM表征,如图9所示,产物形貌为二维花状,花瓣的表面积很大。
Claims (3)
1.一种狼牙棒状CdS的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
1)将硫脲溶解在乙二醇水溶液中得到硫脲溶液;
2)将氯化镉与聚乙二醇溶解在乙二醇水溶液中得到氯化镉溶液;氯化镉与聚乙二醇的质量比为5~7:1;
3)将硫脲溶液与氯化镉溶液滴加混合,继续加入乙二醇水溶液得到混合液;所述混合液中水与乙二醇的体积比为1:1~3:1;所述硫脲与氯化镉的摩尔比为2.8~3.2:1;
4)混合液进行水热反应,得到狼牙棒状CdS;水热反应的反应温度为180~220 ℃,反应时间为5~20 h。
2.根据权利要求1所述的狼牙棒状CdS的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤1)中硫脲溶液的浓度为2.8~3.2 mol/L;所述硫脲溶液中的水与乙二醇的体积比为1:1~3:1。
3.根据权利要求1所述的狼牙棒状CdS的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤2)中氯化镉溶液的浓度为0.8-1.2 mol/L;所述氯化镉溶液中的水与乙二醇的体积比为1:1~3:1。
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