CN109265656B - 双烷硫链取代的共轭聚合物及其制备和应用 - Google Patents
双烷硫链取代的共轭聚合物及其制备和应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种如式I所示的双烷硫链取代的共轭聚合物:其中:R1为C8~C12直链烷基、C8~C12支链烷基或C8~C12烷硫基;R2为氢原子、氯原子或氟原子;且R3为C8~C12直链烷基或C8~C12支链烷基;n代表聚合物的重复单元个数,为4‑400之间的任一自然数。本发明还提供了一种聚合物太阳能电池的活性层,包括上述如式I所示的双烷硫链取代的共轭聚合物给体和非富勒烯n‑型稠环受体分子。本发明的共轭聚合物作为聚合物给体在应用于有机太阳能电池时表现出了优异的光伏性能以及良好的器件稳定性。电池面积为0.04cm2时能量转换效率(PCE)达到13.10%,尤其是,当器件面积为1cm2时,仍达到了10.21%的能量转换效率。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及光伏材料领域,尤其涉及一种双烷硫链取代的共轭聚合物及其制备和应用。
背景技术
将太阳能转换为电能的太阳能电池技术被广泛认为是解决人类能源危机的有效途径之一。其中,有机(包括聚合物)太阳能电池因其具有质量轻、制备工艺简单以及可以制备成柔性大面积半透明器件等突出优点,受到了世界各国研究者的关注。近年来,有机太阳能电池得到了迅猛的发展,其能量转换效率已经超过了13%(J.Am.Chem.Soc.2017,139,7148-7151;J.Am.Chem.Soc.2018,140,7159-7167;Nat.Commun.2018,9,743),显示出了非常光明的商业应用前景。
现阶段,有机太阳能电池的能量转换效率、器件稳定性等仍是制约其商业应用的瓶颈。有机太阳能活性层材料的创新(包括聚合物/小分子给体材料以及受体)是解决上述难点的关键所在。
发明内容
为解决上述技术问题,本发明的目的是提供一种双烷硫链取代的共轭聚合物及其制备和应用,本发明的共轭聚合物作为聚合物给体在应用于有机太阳能电池时表现出了优异的光伏性能以及良好的器件稳定性。
在一方面,本发明公开了一种如式I所示的双烷硫链取代的共轭聚合物:
其中:
R1为C8~C12直链烷基、C8~C12支链烷基或C8~C12烷硫基;
R2为氢原子、氯原子或氟原子;且
R3为C8~C12直链烷基或C8~C12支链烷基;
n代表聚合物的重复单元个数,为4-400之间的任一自然数。
进一步地,R1为C8~C12支链烷基或C8~C12支链烷硫基;
R2为氢原子、氯原子或氟原子;且
R3为C8~C12支链烷基。
优选地,R1为C8~C12支链烷基或C8~C12支链烷硫基;
R2为氟原子;且
R3为C8~C12支链烷基。
更优选地,R1为2-乙基己基或2-乙基己基硫基;
R2为氟原子;且
R3为2-乙基己基。
当R1为2-乙基己基,R2为氟原子,且R3为2-乙基己基,式I所示的双烷硫链取代的共轭聚合物命名为PBN-S。
当R1为2-乙基己基硫基,R2为氟原子,且R3为2-乙基己基,式I所示的双烷硫链取代的共轭聚合物命名为PBSN-S。
本发明还公开了上述双烷硫链取代的共轭聚合物的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
将式Ⅱ所示的化合物与式Ⅲ所示的化合物在催化剂的作用下,于有机溶剂中在保护气氛下反应,反应温度为105-130℃(优选为110℃),反应完全后得到式I所示的双烷硫链取代的共轭聚合物,反应路线如下:
进一步地,式Ⅱ所示的化合物与式Ⅲ所示的化合物的摩尔比为1:1。
进一步地,催化剂为四(三苯基膦)钯(Pd(PPh3)4)。
进一步地,有机溶剂为甲苯或氯苯。
在另一方面,本发明还要求保护上述如式I所示的双烷硫链取代的共轭聚合物在制备聚合物太阳能电池器件中的应用。
进一步地,聚合物有机太阳能电池器件为本体异质结有机太阳能电池器件。
在又一方面,本发明还要求保护一种聚合物太阳能电池的活性层,包括上述如式I所示的双烷硫链取代的共轭聚合物给体以及非富勒烯n-型稠环受体分子。
进一步地,非富勒烯n-型稠环受体分子为IT-4F、ITIC和IDIC中的一种或几种。
进一步地,双烷硫链取代的共轭聚合物与非富勒烯n-型稠环受体分子的质量比为1:0.5-2。优选地,双烷硫链取代的共轭聚合物与非富勒烯n-型稠环受体分子的质量比为1:1。
进一步地,还包括添加剂,添加剂占活性层体积分数的0.5-1.5%。优选地,添加剂占活性层体积分数的1%。
进一步地,添加剂为1,8-二碘辛烷(DIO)、1-苯基萘(PN)、1-氯萘(CN)和二苯醚(DPE)中的一种或几种。
优选地,聚合物太阳能电池的活性层,包括如式I所示的双烷硫链取代的共轭聚合物、IT-4F和添加剂。优选地,式I所示的双烷硫链取代的共轭聚合物为PBN-S。
进一步地,聚合物太阳能电池的活性层通过将含有双烷硫链取代的共轭聚合物与掺加剂的混合溶液在70~120℃下退火1~20min后得到。优选地,退火温度为100~110℃,退火时间为10~15min。
借由上述方案,本发明至少具有以下优点:
本发明的共轭聚合物具有较宽的可见区吸收特性及作为给体材料所具备的合适的能级。由该共轭聚合物制备的有机太阳能电池表现出了优异的光伏性能,电池面积为0.04cm2时能量转换效率(PCE)达到13.10%,尤其是,当器件面积为1cm2时,仍达到了10.21%的能量转换效率。
上述说明仅是本发明技术方案的概述,为了能够更清楚了解本发明的技术手段,并可依照说明书的内容予以实施,以下以本发明的较佳实施例并配合附图详细说明如后。
附图说明
图1是本发明实施例2中有机太阳能电池器件的结构示意图;
图2是本发明实施例2中一种有机太阳能电池器件的电流-电压曲线。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例,对本发明的具体实施方式作进一步详细描述。以下实施例用于说明本发明,但不用来限制本发明的范围。
实施例1双烷硫链取代的共轭聚合物PBN-S的合成
本实施例提供了PBN-S的合成方法,由化合物M1和M2共聚后得来,其中,化合物M1的反应路线和制备方法如下:
1、化合物1的合成:
将2,5-二溴噻吩-3,4-二甲酸(3.0g,9.1mmol)溶解于50mL二氯甲烷中,再加入2滴DMF,冰水浴下滴加草酰氯(3.1mL,36.4mmol)。反应物室温搅拌直澄清。旋转蒸发除去二氯甲烷和草酰氯得到白色固体2,5-二溴噻吩-3,4-二甲酰氯(3.27g,产率98%)。
将上述得到的白色固体(3g,8.2mmol)和1,2-双(2-乙基己基硫基)苯(3.6g,9.8mmol)溶解于20mL 1,2-二氯乙烷中,在冰水浴下缓慢加入三氯化铝固体(4.4g,32.8mmol)。在0℃下搅拌半小时之后室温搅拌3小时。反应结束后将混合物倒入冰水(300g)和浓盐酸(20ml)的混合液中,搅拌1小时。用三氯甲烷萃取多次,合并有机相并用无水硫酸镁干燥。旋转蒸发除去溶剂,以石油醚和二氯甲烷(5:1)为淋洗剂过色谱柱,最终得到黄色固体化合物1(2.3g,产率42%)。其1H NMR表征结果如下:
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ8.01(s,2H),3.10(d,J=6.2Hz,4H),1.76(m,J=12.4,6.2Hz,2H),1.40–1.14(m,16H),0.94–0.89(t,12H).13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3)δ177.28,145.88,132.82,130.36,122.28,120.69,38.46,37.01,32.61,31.57,29.01,25.84,22.79,14.09。
2、化合物2的合成:
将以上得到的化合物1(1.0g,1.5mmol)和2-三甲基锡噻吩(1.2g,4.5mmol)溶于20mL甲苯,加入四三苯基膦钯(100mg,0.086mmol)作为催化剂,氩气保护下,在110℃下加热搅拌24小时。反应结束后旋转蒸发除去溶剂甲苯,以石油醚和二氯甲烷(5:1)为淋洗剂过色谱柱,最终得到红色固体化合物2(700mg,产率71%)。其1H NMR表征结果如下:
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ8.03(s,2H),7.83(d,J=3.2Hz,2H),7.56(d,J=4.8Hz,2H),7.20–7.13(m,2H),3.11(d,J=5.5Hz,4H),1.75(dt,J=12.3Hz,2H),1.62–1.38(m,16H),0.96–0.82(m,12H).13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3)δ179.39,145.72,145.00,143.78,132.88,131.07,130.86,129.78,127.37,122.50,38.54,37.01,32.69,31.60,28.80,25.89,22.93,14.07。
3、化合物M1的合成:
将化合物2(700mg,1.05mmol)溶于20mL三氯甲烷中并将反应瓶避光,随后加入N-溴代琥珀酰亚胺(467mg,2.6mmol),氩气保护下室温搅拌12小时。反应结束后直接旋转蒸发除去溶剂三氯甲烷,以石油醚和二氯甲烷(5:1)为淋洗剂过色谱柱,最终得到红色固体化合物M1(692mg,产率80%)。其1H NMR表征结果如下:
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ8.02(s,2H),7.53(d,J=3.9Hz,2H),7.12(d,J=3.9Hz,2H),3.12(d,J=5.8Hz,4H),1.82–1.70(m,2H),1.65–1.43(m,16H),1.08–0.92(m,12H).13CNMR(100MHz,CDCl3)δ179.36,145.43,144.58,143.67,134.10,130.91,130.49,129.45,122.39,118.61,38.51,37.02,32.72,31.50,28.87,25.92,22.95,14.09。
4、PBN-S的合成:
其反应路线和具体制备方法如下:
将化合物M1(0.247mg,0.03mmol)和M2(0.271mg,0.03mmol)溶解于10在mL甲苯中,并向溶液中鼓吹氩气10分钟,随后加入18mg Pd(PPh3)4,继续往溶液中鼓吹氩气15分钟。将反应体系在110℃下加热搅拌3.5小时后,将反应物沉降在100mL甲醇中,抽滤收集产物。将收集的聚合物分别用甲醇、己烷和三氯甲烷进行索氏提取。最后将聚合物沉降在甲醇中,抽滤干燥得到产物PBN-S。对产物PBN-S进行分子量测试,结果如下:
Mn=16.2kDa,Mw=38.1kDa,PDI=2.36。
在本实施例中,还可以按照制备化合物1的方法,将制备化合物1时选用的原料1,2-双(2-乙基己基硫基)苯中与硫原子连接的支链烷基替换为C8~C12直链烷基或其他C8~C12支链烷基,以得到具有不同取代基R3的式Ⅱ所示的化合物,进一步制备其他结构的双烷硫链取代的共轭聚合物。
同时也可以将M2替换为其他式Ⅲ所示的化合物,其中的R1为C8~C12直链烷基、除2-乙基己基之外的其他C8~C12支链烷基或C8~C12烷硫基;R2为氢原子、氯原子或氟原子,进一步制备其他结构的双烷硫链取代的共轭聚合物。
实施例2双烷硫链取代的共轭聚合物PBSN-S的合成
本实施例提供了PBSN-S的合成方法,由化合物M1和M3共聚后得来,反应路线如下:
其中,化合物M1的制备方法同实施例1。PBSN-S的合成步骤与实施1中PBN-S的步骤类似,不同之处在于,将实施例1中的M2换成M3,即得到PBSN-S。对产物PBSN-S进行分子量测试,结果如下:
Mn=18.8kDa,Mw=33.1kDa,PDI=1.75。
实施例3PBN-S的光伏性质
以下以PBN-S聚合物为例,对其光伏性质进行测试,本发明的其他双烷硫链取代的共轭聚合物与该物质性质接近,均具有较好的光伏性能。
制备图1所示的有机太阳能电池器件,其中器件的层状结构从下到上依次为玻璃层、ITO层、PEDOT:PSS层、活性层、ZnO层和Al层。其中,活性层制备方法如下:
以PBN-S为给体,IT-4F为受体,按照不同的质量比(w/w),将二者溶于氯苯中,将得到的氯苯溶液进行旋涂,以形成不同的活性层。其中,PBN-S和IT-4F的质量比分别为1:0.5,1:1,1:1.5,1:2。
对上述制备的有机太阳能器件在模拟太阳光AM 1.5G,100mW cm-2照射下的光伏性能。器件有效面积为0.04cm2,测试结果如表1所示。
表1有机太阳能器件的光伏性能测试结果
此外,选择PBN-S与IT-4F质量比为1:1,将二者溶于氯苯中,同时向其中添加添加剂1,8-二碘辛烷(DIO),得到混合液,DIO添加体积分别为混合液体积分数的0.5%,1%和1.5%,将得到的氯苯溶液进行旋涂,以形成不同的活性层。此外,对1%添加剂的实验组旋涂溶液在100℃下退火10min,得到活性层。按照上述条件测试器件的光伏性能,结果如表2所示。
表2有机太阳能器件的光伏性能测试结果
a活性层100℃热退火10分钟。
结合表1和表2的结果可知,PBN-S:IT-4F的质量比为1:1(w/w)、使用1%(v/v)1,8-二碘辛烷(DIO)为添加剂时且活性层100℃热退火10分钟,电池器件达到最优的光伏性能。当电池有效面积为0.04cm2时,器件取得的开路电压(Voc)为0.89V,短路电流密度(Jsc)为21.03mA cm-2,填充因子(FF)为0.699,能量转换效率(PCE)为13.10%;当电池有效面积为1cm2时,器件Voc=0.87V,Jsc=19.20mA cm-2,FF=0.610,PCE=10.21%。图2是PBN-S:IT-4F的质量比为1:1(w/w)、使用1%(v/v)1,8-二碘辛烷(DIO)为添加剂时且活性层100℃热退火10分钟所制备的电池器件的电流-电压曲线。
以上实施例中,在制备活性层时,受体不仅局限为IT-4F,还可以替换为ITIC或IDIC,将其应用于有机太阳能器件中,同样具有良好的光伏性能。
由上述实施例可知,本发明中一种双烷硫侧链取代共轭聚合物材料作为给体材料用于有机太阳能电池,表现出了优异的光伏性能,电池面积为0.04cm2时PCE达到13.10%,尤其是,当器件面积为1cm2时,仍取得了10.21%的能量转换效率。这些结果有效证明了这类聚合物作为有机太阳能电池给体材料具有巨大的潜力,为设计高效光伏材料打开了一条新途径。
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式,并不用于限制本发明,应当指出,对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明技术原理的前提下,还可以做出若干改进和变型,这些改进和变型也应视为本发明的保护范围。
Claims (4)
2.权利要求1所述的如式Ӏ所示的双烷硫链取代的共轭聚合物在制备聚合物太阳能电池器件中的应用,所述聚合物太阳能电池器件的活性层包括如式Ӏ所示的双烷硫链取代的共轭聚合物、IT-4F和添加剂;所述添加剂占活性层体积分数的0.5-1.5%。
3.一种聚合物太阳能电池的活性层,其特征在于:包括权利要求1所述的如式Ӏ所示的双烷硫链取代的共轭聚合物给体、IT-4F和添加剂,所述添加剂为1,8-二碘辛烷、1-苯基萘、1-氯萘和二苯醚中的一种或几种;所述添加剂占活性层体积分数的0.5-1.5%。
4.根据权利要求3所述的聚合物太阳能电池的活性层,其特征在于:所述双烷硫链取代的共轭聚合物给体与IT-4F的质量比为1 : 0.5-2。
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