CN109263191B - 一种制备陶瓷复合装甲的方法 - Google Patents
一种制备陶瓷复合装甲的方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN109263191B CN109263191B CN201811021533.2A CN201811021533A CN109263191B CN 109263191 B CN109263191 B CN 109263191B CN 201811021533 A CN201811021533 A CN 201811021533A CN 109263191 B CN109263191 B CN 109263191B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- epoxy resin
- mold
- ceramic
- vacuum drying
- thickness
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 140
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 134
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 65
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 65
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 65
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 55
- 238000001291 vacuum drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- 239000004005 microsphere Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 239000004964 aerogel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 229910052681 coesite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 229910052906 cristobalite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 229910052682 stishovite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 229910052905 tridymite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 230000007480 spreading Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000004699 Ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 53
- 229920000785 ultra high molecular weight polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 53
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 238000001723 curing Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 150000008065 acid anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000004982 aromatic amines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- ZBCBWPMODOFKDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethanolamine Chemical compound OCCNCCO ZBCBWPMODOFKDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000013035 low temperature curing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004841 bisphenol A epoxy resin Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 244000137852 Petrea volubilis Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 60
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 5
- YAIQCYZCSGLAAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Si+4].[O-2].[Al+3] Chemical compound [Si+4].[O-2].[Al+3] YAIQCYZCSGLAAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052574 oxide ceramic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011224 oxide ceramic Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000008685 targeting Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N bisphenol A Chemical compound C=1C=C(O)C=CC=1C(C)(C)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003981 vehicle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008093 supporting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
- B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B18/00—Layered products essentially comprising ceramics, e.g. refractory products
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B33/00—Layered products characterised by particular properties or particular surface features, e.g. particular surface coatings; Layered products designed for particular purposes not covered by another single class
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B37/00—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding
- B32B37/02—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by a sequence of laminating steps, e.g. by adding new layers at consecutive laminating stations
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B37/00—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding
- B32B37/10—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the pressing technique, e.g. using action of vacuum or fluid pressure
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B37/00—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding
- B32B37/12—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by using adhesives
- B32B37/1284—Application of adhesive
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B37/00—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding
- B32B37/14—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the properties of the layers
- B32B37/24—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the properties of the layers with at least one layer not being coherent before laminating, e.g. made up from granular material sprinkled onto a substrate
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B38/00—Ancillary operations in connection with laminating processes
- B32B38/16—Drying; Softening; Cleaning
- B32B38/164—Drying
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B7/00—Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
- B32B7/04—Interconnection of layers
- B32B7/12—Interconnection of layers using interposed adhesives or interposed materials with bonding properties
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B9/00—Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00
- B32B9/005—Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00 comprising one layer of ceramic material, e.g. porcelain, ceramic tile
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B9/00—Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00
- B32B9/04—Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00 comprising such particular substance as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B9/00—Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00
- B32B9/04—Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00 comprising such particular substance as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
- B32B9/047—Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00 comprising such particular substance as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material made of fibres or filaments
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F41—WEAPONS
- F41H—ARMOUR; ARMOURED TURRETS; ARMOURED OR ARMED VEHICLES; MEANS OF ATTACK OR DEFENCE, e.g. CAMOUFLAGE, IN GENERAL
- F41H5/00—Armour; Armour plates
- F41H5/02—Plate construction
- F41H5/04—Plate construction composed of more than one layer
- F41H5/0414—Layered armour containing ceramic material
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F41—WEAPONS
- F41H—ARMOUR; ARMOURED TURRETS; ARMOURED OR ARMED VEHICLES; MEANS OF ATTACK OR DEFENCE, e.g. CAMOUFLAGE, IN GENERAL
- F41H5/00—Armour; Armour plates
- F41H5/02—Plate construction
- F41H5/04—Plate construction composed of more than one layer
- F41H5/0414—Layered armour containing ceramic material
- F41H5/0428—Ceramic layers in combination with additional layers made of fibres, fabrics or plastics
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
- B32B2262/02—Synthetic macromolecular fibres
- B32B2262/0253—Polyolefin fibres
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2264/00—Composition or properties of particles which form a particulate layer or are present as additives
- B32B2264/10—Inorganic particles
- B32B2264/107—Ceramic
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/50—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular mechanical properties
- B32B2307/558—Impact strength, toughness
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2571/00—Protective equipment
- B32B2571/02—Protective equipment defensive, e.g. armour plates, anti-ballistic clothing
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- Aiming, Guidance, Guns With A Light Source, Armor, Camouflage, And Targets (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
Abstract
一种制备陶瓷复合装甲的方法,将一块纤维复合板放置在模具内腔的底部,铺撒一层中空陶瓷微球粉末,然后将SiO2气凝胶毡放置在粉末层上,在其上表面再铺撒一层中空陶瓷微球粉末,然后将另一块纤维复合板放置在粉末层上,在其上表面再铺撒一层中空陶瓷微球粉末,然后将SiC陶瓷板放置在粉末层上,将模具置于真空干燥箱内并向模具内输送环氧树脂,使环氧树脂充满模具内腔后再将模具内腔密封,保温使模具内的环氧树脂固化交联,取出后清理即得到陶瓷复合装甲。本发明中环氧树脂分布在中空陶瓷微球之间的空隙内,并与多个中空陶瓷微球之间产生复合粘接作用形成固态环氧复合泡沫,粘接更加牢固使装甲的各层之间复合更为紧密,提升了复合装甲的防弹性能。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及陶瓷复合装甲领域,尤其涉及一种制备陶瓷复合装甲的方法。
背景技术
复合装甲是由多种物理性能不同的材料,按照一定的层次比例复合而成,依靠各层之间物理性能的差异来干扰弹丸的穿透,消耗其能量,并最终达到阻止弹丸穿透的目的装甲,广泛应用于作战装甲车、武装直升机、装甲防暴车、防弹衣等领域。陶瓷材料因具有高硬度、低密度、高抗压强度、高声速等良好的动态力学性能,被广泛应用于复合装甲的设计,但陶瓷材料也存在成型尺寸较小、塑性差、断裂强度低等不足,使陶瓷不能作为均质防弹材料单独应用,必须有背板对其支撑,就产生了由陶瓷面板和纤维增强树脂基复合材料背板复合而成的陶瓷复合装甲。陶瓷复合装甲的防弹机理为,弹头先撞击陶瓷面板,陶瓷面板随着弹头的撞击和侵彻而破碎,同时吸收弹头的动能使弹头的速度降低,然后,弹头穿透防弹面板并和破碎的陶瓷块一起撞击纤维背板,纤维背板吸收冲击力并产生拉伸变形,使弹头在穿透纤维背板前停止,从而达到防弹的目的,子弹停止后,在纤维背板的背面的对应位置会因弹头的冲击而产生向外凸出的背凸变形。
现有技术中制备陶瓷复合装甲时,先在各层板之间涂抹环氧树脂,再将各层板依次叠放,使环氧树脂固化后将各层板之间粘接到一起,环氧树脂在各层板之间传递和吸收冲击的能力不足,对各层板的粘接也不够牢固,使纤维背板在被弹头撞击后与陶瓷面板之间的分离程度较大,背凸变形量也较大,使陶瓷复合装甲的防弹能力不足;并且现有技术中制得的陶瓷复合装甲在轻量化方面的性能也不足,使采用现有技术制得的陶瓷复合装甲的武器装备等较为笨重,难以满足现代化的实战要求。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供了一种制备陶瓷复合装甲的方法,制得的陶瓷复合装甲与现有技术相比,各复合层之间不仅传递和吸收冲击的能力更强,粘接的也更为牢固,并且在保证陶瓷复合装甲轻量化的前提下,提升了防护能力。
本发明为解决上述技术问题所采用的技术方案是:一种制备陶瓷复合装甲的方法,包括以下步骤:
步骤一、预备一块SiC陶瓷板、两块UHMWPE纤维复合板、一块SiO2气凝胶毡和一个用于制备所述陶瓷复合装甲的模具,将模具水平放置并打开模具的盖板,在模具的内腔表面均匀涂抹脱模剂;
步骤二、将步骤一中的两块UHMWPE纤维复合板的其中一块水平放置在模具内腔的底部,在该块UHMWPE纤维复合板的上表面均匀铺撒一层中空陶瓷微球粉末,粉末层的厚度为0.9-1.1mm;
步骤三、将步骤一中的SiO2气凝胶毡水平放置在步骤二铺撒的中空陶瓷微球粉末层上,用手压实,然后在SiO2气凝胶毡的上表面均匀铺撒一层中空陶瓷微球粉末,粉末层的厚度为0.9-1.1mm;
步骤四、将步骤一中的另一块UHMWPE纤维复合板水平放置在步骤三铺撒的中空陶瓷微球粉末层上,用手压实,然后在该块UHMWPE纤维复合板的上表面均匀铺撒一层中空陶瓷微球粉末,粉末层的厚度为0.9-1.1mm;
步骤五、将步骤一中的SiC陶瓷板水平放置在步骤四铺撒的中空陶瓷微球粉末层上,用手压实,再将模具的盖板盖上;
步骤六、将模具放置于真空干燥箱内,并向模具内输送环氧树脂,使环氧树脂充满模具的内腔,输送完毕后将模具的内腔密封;
步骤七、将真空干燥箱内的温度设置为140-160℃,保温2-3h,使模具内的环氧树脂固化交联;
步骤八、待模具自然冷却至室温后,将模具从真空干燥箱内取出,再使用脱模工装将陶瓷复合装甲从模具内取出,表面打磨清理,即得到陶瓷复合装甲。
优选的,定义所述的SiC陶瓷板的厚度为d,两块UHMWPE纤维复合板的厚度均为0.6-0.9d,SiO2气凝胶毡的厚度为1-1.4d,制得的陶瓷复合装甲的厚度≤3.8d。
优选的,所述的UHMWPE纤维复合板在室温下的拉伸强度大于3500MPa,断裂伸长率大于180%。
优选的,所述的中空陶瓷微球的直径为1-180μm,密度为2.0-2.4g/cm3,为高强度中空陶瓷微球,主要成分氧化硅铝陶瓷,抗压强度大于400MPa。
优选的,步骤六中,向模具内输送环氧树脂然后将模具的内腔密封的方法为,将一段塑料软管的一端与模具上预先开设的通孔连接,然后将模具放置于真空干燥箱内,真空干燥箱的箱门打开,使塑料软管的另一端从真空干燥箱内伸出,通过塑料软管伸出真空干燥箱的一端向模具内输送环氧树脂,输送完毕后关闭真空干燥箱的箱门,然后封堵塑料软管位于真空干燥箱外的一端。
进一步的,封堵塑料软管位于真空干燥箱外的一端的方法为,将真空干燥箱外侧的塑料软管用夹子夹住,再将塑料软管从其被夹子夹住的部位远离真空干燥箱的一侧剪断。
优选的,步骤六中,在向模具内输送环氧树脂之前,预先将环氧树脂搅拌均匀并加热到50-60℃,环氧树脂的粘度降低至500 mpa.s以下。
进一步的,所述的环氧树脂由双酚A型环氧树脂主剂、酸酐型中高温固化剂、脂肪胺型低温固化剂和芳香胺型中温固化剂混合而成,环氧树脂在室温下的粘度小于800mpa.s,环氧树脂在60℃时的粘度小于500 mpa.s。
优选的,步骤八中使用砂纸进行表面打磨清理。
根据上述技术方案,本发明的有益效果是:
本发明中,采用先在各层板之间铺撒一层中空陶瓷微球粉末,再通过向模具内输送环氧树脂,使环氧树脂能够进入各层板之间并与中空陶瓷微球粉末混合,然后再一起配合固化成为固态环氧复合泡沫的方法,使制得的陶瓷复合装甲中的各层之间由加入了中空陶瓷微球粉末的固态环氧复合泡沫粘接,与现有技术中将纯环氧树脂胶涂抹在各层之间,再使环氧树脂固化粘接相比,本发明中环氧树脂分布在中空陶瓷微球之间的空隙内,并与多个中空陶瓷微球之间产生复合粘接作用,从而粘接的更加牢固,使装甲的各层之间复合更为紧密,当弹头依次撞击复合装甲中的各层时,各层之间因复合装甲的撞击而分离的程度更小,所以能将每层所受的冲击更好的传递给复合装甲的其它各层,使复合装甲能够更充分的作为一个整体来发挥防弹作用,并能够降低背板的背凸变形量;并且,由于在各层板之间的固态环氧复合泡沫中加入了中空陶瓷微球粉末,因为中空陶瓷微球内部中空的结构,在受到弹头撞击后可以通过变形和破损吸收能量,进一步提升了本发明制得的陶瓷复合装甲的防弹性能。
本发明中,采用SiC陶瓷作为防弹面板,并将一块SiO2气凝胶毡作为夹层粘接在两块UHMWPE纤维复合板之间,由于SiO2气凝胶内部的纳米多孔网状结构,使弹头产生的冲击波在SiO2气凝胶中的衰减效果较好,而且冲击波在SiO2气凝胶中的传播速度极低,因此冲击波在SiO2气凝胶中传播时卸载波的追赶卸载效应非常明显,进一步促进了冲击波的衰减,提升吸收冲击的能力;并且,因为气凝胶夹层自身的强度较低,可以随两块UHMWPE纤维复合板产生变形,使两块UHMWPE纤维复合板在被弹头撞击而变形时,能够具有较大的伸展变形空间,并且更有效的防止弹头的非贯穿性伤害,提升了瓷复合装甲的防弹性能;同时,因为SiO2气凝胶密度极小的轻量化特性,使本发明制得的陶瓷复合装甲的轻量化性能更加优异,能够更好的满足现代化的实战要求。
本发明还能通过将复合装甲的四层的厚度设置在合理的范围内,使本发明制得的陶瓷复合装甲具有更强的防弹性能,其中,SiO2气凝胶毡的厚度适中,能够使SiO2气凝胶随两块UHMWPE纤维复合板变形时吸收冲击的效果更为突出;位于SiC陶瓷板和SiO2气凝胶毡之间的UHMWPE纤维复合板的厚度适中,能够使SiC陶瓷板得到足够的支撑作用,防止SiC陶瓷板弯曲破坏;作为背板的UHMWPE纤维复合板的厚度适中,能够在保证复合装甲防弹性能的同时,大幅提高背板受到冲击后的完整性,避免防弹面板出现整体破坏。
附图说明
图1为本发明打靶实验后的防弹靶板的正面图;
图2为本发明打靶实验后的防弹靶板的背面图。
具体实施方式
实施例1:
一种制备陶瓷复合装甲的方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
步骤一、预备一块SiC陶瓷板、两块UHMWPE纤维复合板、一块SiO2气凝胶毡和一个用于制备所述陶瓷复合装甲的模具,将模具水平放置并打开模具的盖板,在模具的内腔表面均匀涂抹脱模剂;
其中,SiC陶瓷板的厚度为6mm,两块UHMWPE纤维复合板的厚度均为4.5mm,SiO2气凝胶毡的厚度为7mm,均在本发明提供的以SiC陶瓷板的厚度为d时,两块UHMWPE纤维复合板的厚度均为0.6-0.9d,SiO2气凝胶毡的厚度为1-1.4d的优选厚度范围内;
其中,UHMWPE纤维复合板在室温下的拉伸强度大于3500MPa,断裂伸长率大于180%;
步骤二、将步骤一中的两块UHMWPE纤维复合板的其中一块水平放置在模具内腔的底部,在该块UHMWPE纤维复合板的上表面均匀铺撒一层中空陶瓷微球粉末,粉末层的厚度为1mm;
步骤三、将步骤一中的SiO2气凝胶毡水平放置在步骤二铺撒的中空陶瓷微球粉末层上,用手压实,然后在SiO2气凝胶毡的上表面均匀铺撒一层中空陶瓷微球粉末,粉末层的厚度为1mm;
步骤四、将步骤一中的另一块UHMWPE纤维复合板水平放置在步骤三铺撒的中空陶瓷微球粉末层上,用手压实,然后在该块UHMWPE纤维复合板的上表面均匀铺撒一层中空陶瓷微球粉末,粉末层的厚度为1mm;
步骤五、将步骤一中的SiC陶瓷板水平放置在步骤四铺撒的中空陶瓷微球粉末层上,用手压实,再将模具的盖板盖上;
上述的中空陶瓷微球的直径均为1-180μm,密度为2.0-2.4g/cm3,为高强度中空陶瓷微球,主要成分氧化硅铝陶瓷,抗压强度大于400MPa;
步骤六、将一段塑料软管的一端与模具上预先开设的通孔连接,然后将模具放置于真空干燥箱内,真空干燥箱的箱门打开,使塑料软管的另一端从真空干燥箱内伸出,通过塑料软管伸出真空干燥箱的一端向模具内输送环氧树脂,使环氧树脂充满模具的内腔,输送完毕后关闭真空干燥箱的箱门,将真空干燥箱外侧的塑料软管用夹子夹住,再将塑料软管从其被夹子夹住的部位远离真空干燥箱的一侧剪断;
其中,所述的环氧树脂由双酚A型环氧树脂主剂、酸酐型中高温固化剂、脂肪胺型低温固化剂和芳香胺型中温固化剂混合而成,环氧树脂在室温下的粘度小于800 mpa.s,环氧树脂在60℃时的粘度小于500 mpa.s;
在向模具内输送环氧树脂之前,预先将环氧树脂搅拌均匀并加热到55℃,环氧树脂的粘度降低至500 mpa.s以下;
步骤七、将真空干燥箱内的温度设置为150℃,保温2.5h,使模具内的环氧树脂固化交联;
步骤八、待模具自然冷却至室温后,将模具从真空干燥箱内取出,再使用脱模工装将陶瓷复合装甲从模具内取出,使用砂纸进行表面打磨清理,即得到陶瓷复合装甲。
实施例2:
一种制备陶瓷复合装甲的方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
步骤一、预备一块SiC陶瓷板、两块UHMWPE纤维复合板、一块SiO2气凝胶毡和一个用于制备所述陶瓷复合装甲的模具,将模具水平放置并打开模具的盖板,在模具的内腔表面均匀涂抹脱模剂;
其中,SiC陶瓷板的厚度为6mm,一块UHMWPE纤维复合板的厚度均为4mm,另一块UHMWPE纤维复合板的厚度为5mm,SiO2气凝胶毡的厚度为7mm,均在本发明提供的以SiC陶瓷板的厚度为d时,两块UHMWPE纤维复合板的厚度均为0.6-0.9d,SiO2气凝胶毡的厚度为1-1.4d的优选厚度范围内;
其中,UHMWPE纤维复合板在室温下的拉伸强度大于3500MPa,断裂伸长率大于180%;
步骤二、将步骤一中的厚度为5mm的UHMWPE纤维复合板水平放置在模具内腔的底部,在该块UHMWPE纤维复合板的上表面均匀铺撒一层中空陶瓷微球粉末,粉末层的厚度为1mm;
步骤三、将步骤一中的SiO2气凝胶毡水平放置在步骤二铺撒的中空陶瓷微球粉末层上,用手压实,然后在SiO2气凝胶毡的上表面均匀铺撒一层中空陶瓷微球粉末,粉末层的厚度为1mm;
步骤四、将步骤一中的厚度为4mm的UHMWPE纤维复合板水平放置在步骤三铺撒的中空陶瓷微球粉末层上,用手压实,然后在该块UHMWPE纤维复合板的上表面均匀铺撒一层中空陶瓷微球粉末,粉末层的厚度为1mm;
步骤五、将步骤一中的SiC陶瓷板水平放置在步骤四铺撒的中空陶瓷微球粉末层上,用手压实,再将模具的盖板盖上;
上述的中空陶瓷微球的直径均为1-180μm,密度为2.0-2.4g/cm3,为高强度中空陶瓷微球,主要成分氧化硅铝陶瓷,抗压强度大于400MPa;
步骤六、将一段塑料软管的一端与模具上预先开设的通孔连接,然后将模具放置于真空干燥箱内,真空干燥箱的箱门打开,使塑料软管的另一端从真空干燥箱内伸出,通过塑料软管伸出真空干燥箱的一端向模具内输送环氧树脂,使环氧树脂充满模具的内腔,输送完毕后关闭真空干燥箱的箱门,将真空干燥箱外侧的塑料软管用夹子夹住,再将塑料软管从其被夹子夹住的部位远离真空干燥箱的一侧剪断;
其中,所述的环氧树脂由双酚A型环氧树脂主剂、酸酐型中高温固化剂、脂肪胺型低温固化剂和芳香胺型中温固化剂混合而成,环氧树脂在室温下的粘度小于800 mpa.s,环氧树脂在60℃时的粘度小于500 mpa.s;
在向模具内输送环氧树脂之前,预先将环氧树脂搅拌均匀并加热到60℃,环氧树脂的粘度降低至500 mpa.s以下;
步骤七、将真空干燥箱内的温度设置为140℃,保温3h,使模具内的环氧树脂固化交联;
步骤八、待模具自然冷却至室温后,将模具从真空干燥箱内取出,再使用脱模工装将陶瓷复合装甲从模具内取出,使用砂纸进行表面打磨清理,即得到陶瓷复合装甲。
实施例3:
一种制备陶瓷复合装甲的方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
步骤一、预备一块SiC陶瓷板、两块UHMWPE纤维复合板、一块SiO2气凝胶毡和一个用于制备所述陶瓷复合装甲的模具,将模具水平放置并打开模具的盖板,在模具的内腔表面均匀涂抹脱模剂;
其中,SiC陶瓷板的厚度为6mm,一块UHMWPE纤维复合板的厚度均为4mm,另一块UHMWPE纤维复合板的厚度为5mm,SiO2气凝胶毡的厚度为7mm,均在本发明提供的以SiC陶瓷板的厚度为d时,两块UHMWPE纤维复合板的厚度均为0.6-0.9d,SiO2气凝胶毡的厚度为1-1.4d的优选厚度范围内;
其中,UHMWPE纤维复合板在室温下的拉伸强度大于3500MPa,断裂伸长率大于180%;
步骤二、将步骤一中的厚度为4mm的UHMWPE纤维复合板水平放置在模具内腔的底部,在该块UHMWPE纤维复合板的上表面均匀铺撒一层中空陶瓷微球粉末,粉末层的厚度为1mm;
步骤三、将步骤一中的SiO2气凝胶毡水平放置在步骤二铺撒的中空陶瓷微球粉末层上,用手压实,然后在SiO2气凝胶毡的上表面均匀铺撒一层中空陶瓷微球粉末,粉末层的厚度为1mm;
步骤四、将步骤一中的厚度为5mm的UHMWPE纤维复合板水平放置在步骤三铺撒的中空陶瓷微球粉末层上,用手压实,然后在该块UHMWPE纤维复合板的上表面均匀铺撒一层中空陶瓷微球粉末,粉末层的厚度为1mm;
步骤五、将步骤一中的SiC陶瓷板水平放置在步骤四铺撒的中空陶瓷微球粉末层上,用手压实,再将模具的盖板盖上;
上述的中空陶瓷微球的直径均为1-180μm,密度为2.0-2.4g/cm3,为高强度中空陶瓷微球,主要成分氧化硅铝陶瓷,抗压强度大于400MPa;
步骤六、将一段塑料软管的一端与模具上预先开设的通孔连接,然后将模具放置于真空干燥箱内,真空干燥箱的箱门打开,使塑料软管的另一端从真空干燥箱内伸出,通过塑料软管伸出真空干燥箱的一端向模具内输送环氧树脂,使环氧树脂充满模具的内腔,输送完毕后关闭真空干燥箱的箱门,将真空干燥箱外侧的塑料软管用夹子夹住,再将塑料软管从其被夹子夹住的部位远离真空干燥箱的一侧剪断;
其中,所述的环氧树脂由双酚A型环氧树脂主剂、酸酐型中高温固化剂、脂肪胺型低温固化剂和芳香胺型中温固化剂混合而成,环氧树脂在室温下的粘度小于800 mpa.s,环氧树脂在60℃时的粘度小于500 mpa.s;
在向模具内输送环氧树脂之前,预先将环氧树脂搅拌均匀并加热到50℃,环氧树脂的粘度降低至500 mpa.s以下;
步骤七、将真空干燥箱内的温度设置为160℃,保温2h,使模具内的环氧树脂固化交联;
步骤八、待模具自然冷却至室温后,将模具从真空干燥箱内取出,再使用脱模工装将陶瓷复合装甲从模具内取出,使用砂纸进行表面打磨清理,即得到陶瓷复合装甲。
实施例4:
所用的SiC陶瓷板的厚度为6mm,一块UHMWPE纤维复合板的厚度均为3mm,另一块UHMWPE纤维复合板的厚度为6mm,SiO2气凝胶毡的厚度为7mm,各层板之间的厚度关系超出了本发明提供的以SiC陶瓷板的厚度为d时,两块UHMWPE纤维复合板的厚度均为0.6-0.9d,SiO2气凝胶毡的厚度为1-1.4d的优选厚度范围;
其余部分与实施例2均相同。
实施例5:
所用的SiC陶瓷板的厚度为6mm,一块UHMWPE纤维复合板的厚度均为2mm,另一块UHMWPE纤维复合板的厚度为7mm,SiO2气凝胶毡的厚度为7mm,各层板之间的厚度关系超出了本发明提供的以SiC陶瓷板的厚度为d时,两块UHMWPE纤维复合板的厚度均为0.6-0.9d,SiO2气凝胶毡的厚度为1-1.4d的优选厚度范围;
其余部分与实施例3均相同。
对本发明实施例1-5所制备的陶瓷复合装甲和现有技术中常规陶瓷复合装甲进行同等条件下的打靶实验比对,防弹级别标准采用影响力较大的北约AEP-55 STANAG 4569防护标准中的Ⅱ级,即采用7.62 ×39mm钢弹,以695m/s着弹速度射击靶板,每块靶板射击3发子弹;如图1和图2所示,本发明的陶瓷复合装甲靶板均未被击穿。
实验结果见表1:
表1 本发明与常规陶瓷复合装甲打靶实验结果对比
从表1中可看出:本发明实施例1-5的陶瓷复合装甲,在靶板总重量相近的情况下,子弹侵彻剩余厚度均大于常规陶瓷复合装甲,并且背凸高度均小于常规陶瓷复合装甲,即本发明的防弹效果优于常规陶瓷复合装甲;
同时,从表1中还可看出,本发明实施例1-3的陶瓷复合装甲,在靶板总重量相近的情况下,子弹侵彻剩余厚度均大于本发明实施例4-5的陶瓷复合装甲,并且背凸高度均小于本发明实施例4-5的陶瓷复合装甲;而且,本发明实施例4的子弹侵彻剩余厚度大于本发明实施例5,且本发明实施例4的背凸高度小于本发明实施例5,
即可知,当本发明的陶瓷复合装甲中各层厚度的取值,在本发明提供的以SiC陶瓷板的厚度为d时,两块UHMWPE纤维复合板的厚度均为0.6-0.9d,SiO2气凝胶毡的厚度为1-1.4d的优选厚度范围内时,防弹效果会更好。
实施例中未注明具体条件者,按照常规条件或制造商建议的条件进行。所用试剂或仪器未注明生产厂商者,均为可以通过市售购买获得的常规产品。
Claims (6)
1.一种制备陶瓷复合装甲的方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
步骤一、预备一块SiC陶瓷板、两块UHMWPE纤维复合板、一块SiO2气凝胶毡和一个用于制备所述陶瓷复合装甲的模具,将模具水平放置并打开模具的盖板,在模具的内腔表面均匀涂抹脱模剂;
步骤二、将步骤一中的两块UHMWPE纤维复合板的其中一块水平放置在模具内腔的底部,在该块UHMWPE纤维复合板的上表面均匀铺撒一层中空陶瓷微球粉末,粉末层的厚度为0.9-1.1mm;
步骤三、将步骤一中的SiO2气凝胶毡水平放置在步骤二铺撒的中空陶瓷微球粉末层上,用手压实,然后在SiO2气凝胶毡的上表面均匀铺撒一层中空陶瓷微球粉末,粉末层的厚度为0.9-1.1mm;
步骤四、将步骤一中的另一块UHMWPE纤维复合板水平放置在步骤三铺撒的中空陶瓷微球粉末层上,用手压实,然后在该块UHMWPE纤维复合板的上表面均匀铺撒一层中空陶瓷微球粉末,粉末层的厚度为0.9-1.1mm;
步骤五、将步骤一中的SiC陶瓷板水平放置在步骤四铺撒的中空陶瓷微球粉末层上,用手压实,再将模具的盖板盖上;
步骤六、将模具放置于真空干燥箱内,并向模具内输送环氧树脂,使环氧树脂充满模具的内腔,输送完毕后将模具的内腔密封;在向模具内输送环氧树脂之前,预先将环氧树脂搅拌均匀并加热到50-60℃,环氧树脂的粘度降低至500 mpa.s以下;向模具内输送环氧树脂然后将模具的内腔密封的方法为,将一段塑料软管的一端与模具上预先开设的通孔连接,然后将模具放置于真空干燥箱内,真空干燥箱的箱门打开,使塑料软管的另一端从真空干燥箱内伸出,通过塑料软管伸出真空干燥箱的一端向模具内输送环氧树脂,输送完毕后关闭真空干燥箱的箱门,然后封堵塑料软管位于真空干燥箱外的一端;封堵塑料软管位于真空干燥箱外的一端的方法为,将真空干燥箱外侧的塑料软管用夹子夹住,再将塑料软管从其被夹子夹住的部位远离真空干燥箱的一侧剪断;
步骤七、将真空干燥箱内的温度设置为140-160℃,保温2-3h,使模具内的环氧树脂固化交联;
步骤八、待模具自然冷却至室温后,将模具从真空干燥箱内取出,再使用脱模工装将陶瓷复合装甲从模具内取出,表面打磨清理,即得到陶瓷复合装甲。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种制备陶瓷复合装甲的方法,其特征在于:定义所述的SiC陶瓷板的厚度为d,两块UHMWPE纤维复合板的厚度均为0.6-0.9d,SiO2气凝胶毡的厚度为1-1.4d,制得的陶瓷复合装甲的厚度≤3.8d。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种制备陶瓷复合装甲的方法,其特征在于:所述的UHMWPE纤维复合板在室温下的拉伸强度大于3500MPa,断裂伸长率大于180%。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种制备陶瓷复合装甲的方法,其特征在于:所述的中空陶瓷微球的直径为1-180μm,密度为2.0-2.4g/cm3。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种制备陶瓷复合装甲的方法,其特征在于:所述的环氧树脂由双酚A型环氧树脂主剂、酸酐型中高温固化剂、脂肪胺型低温固化剂和芳香胺型中温固化剂混合而成,环氧树脂在室温下的粘度小于800 mpa.s,环氧树脂在60℃时的粘度小于500mpa.s。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种制备陶瓷复合装甲的方法,其特征在于:步骤八中使用砂纸进行表面打磨清理。
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN201811021533.2A CN109263191B (zh) | 2018-09-03 | 2018-09-03 | 一种制备陶瓷复合装甲的方法 |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN201811021533.2A CN109263191B (zh) | 2018-09-03 | 2018-09-03 | 一种制备陶瓷复合装甲的方法 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CN109263191A CN109263191A (zh) | 2019-01-25 |
CN109263191B true CN109263191B (zh) | 2020-06-09 |
Family
ID=65187793
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CN201811021533.2A Active CN109263191B (zh) | 2018-09-03 | 2018-09-03 | 一种制备陶瓷复合装甲的方法 |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
CN (1) | CN109263191B (zh) |
Family Cites Families (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
AU645739B3 (en) * | 1993-08-19 | 1994-01-20 | Martial Armour Pty Limited | Bullet resistant material |
CN205066581U (zh) * | 2015-09-23 | 2016-03-02 | 成都索客通信息技术有限公司 | 一种汽车用防弹衣 |
CN107328304B (zh) * | 2017-07-01 | 2019-09-10 | 中国人民解放军63908部队 | 一种防弹用橡胶复合陶瓷及其制备方法 |
-
2018
- 2018-09-03 CN CN201811021533.2A patent/CN109263191B/zh active Active
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN109263191A (zh) | 2019-01-25 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US6389594B1 (en) | Anti-ballistic ceramic articles | |
CN205138327U (zh) | 一种复合结构防弹板 | |
CN105444622A (zh) | 一种复合结构防弹板及其制造方法 | |
CN109855473B (zh) | 一种复合防弹装甲板及其制备方法 | |
EP1925903B1 (en) | Armor | |
CN111319318B (zh) | 防弹复合装甲及其制备方法 | |
CN203274595U (zh) | 含有气凝胶层的复合防弹板 | |
CN109443093B (zh) | 一种多层次防弹构件及其制备方法与应用 | |
CN112066805B (zh) | 一种轻量化纤维/陶瓷基复合防弹结构 | |
US8087340B2 (en) | Composite treatment of ceramic tile armor | |
CN111156860A (zh) | 一种强约束组合式陶瓷防弹面板及其制备方法 | |
CN111805983A (zh) | 一种防弹单元及其制造工艺 | |
CN114933479B (zh) | 一种抗多发弹陶瓷的制备方法及防弹插板 | |
US9919492B2 (en) | Armor system with multi-hit capacity and method of manufacture | |
CN114087924A (zh) | 一种抗多发弹的轻量化仿生防弹插板及其制造方法 | |
CN109263191B (zh) | 一种制备陶瓷复合装甲的方法 | |
CN110631421A (zh) | 一种超轻装甲及其制备方法 | |
EP1288607A1 (en) | Anti-ballistic ceramic articles | |
CN108859357A (zh) | 一种可防御12.7mm穿甲燃烧弹陶瓷基复合材料 | |
CN110749235A (zh) | 一种超轻装甲产品及其制备方法 | |
CN112229272A (zh) | 一种轻质复合防护装甲 | |
CN206459566U (zh) | 一种复合防弹板材 | |
CN117029579A (zh) | 一种新型防弹装甲及其制备方法 | |
CN115972699A (zh) | 一种复合陶瓷层状材料及其制备方法 | |
CN212721107U (zh) | 一种复合结构陶瓷 |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PB01 | Publication | ||
PB01 | Publication | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
GR01 | Patent grant | ||
GR01 | Patent grant | ||
EE01 | Entry into force of recordation of patent licensing contract | ||
EE01 | Entry into force of recordation of patent licensing contract |
Application publication date: 20190125 Assignee: Luoyang Hongrun New Materials Technology Co.,Ltd. Assignor: LUOYANG INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Contract record no.: X2024980003045 Denomination of invention: A method for preparing ceramic composite armor Granted publication date: 20200609 License type: Common License Record date: 20240322 |