CN111156860A - 一种强约束组合式陶瓷防弹面板及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种强约束组合式陶瓷防弹面板及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
一种强约束组合式陶瓷防弹面板及其制备方法,包括树脂基复合材料和陶瓷单元,陶瓷单元为棱形,陶瓷单元之间采用条状拼接或块状拼接的方式拼接成陶瓷面板,树脂基复合材料复合于陶瓷单元外部,树脂基复合材料为三面包覆,树脂基复合材料采用重复凹凸形结构,陶瓷单元,为长条状或者块状,形状与树脂基复合材料结构相匹配,陶瓷单元可重复嵌入纤维增强复合材料的凹凸型槽中,利用凹凸型结构特殊的包覆方式,将实现组合式陶瓷防弹面板中若干陶瓷单元空间位置的强约束,使陶瓷防弹面板具有良好的整体性,采用纤维增强树脂基复合材料对若干陶瓷单元进行约束,可以在不增加陶瓷防弹面板重量的前提下,显著提升陶瓷复合装甲的抗多发弹性能。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及装甲防护技术领域,具体涉及一种强约束组合式陶瓷防弹面板及其制备方法。
背景技术
陶瓷复合装甲的多层结构中,陶瓷防弹面板的抗弹能力直接决定了复合装甲最终的防护效果。由于陶瓷材料具有低密度、高硬度、高抗压强度等优点,所以陶瓷复合装甲的抗弹机理与金属装甲有明显区别。一方面,在受到子弹高速撞击时,陶瓷防弹面板不会像金属一样发生塑性变形,而是靠自身的碎裂耗散子弹的冲击能量;另一方面,陶瓷面板破坏时会形成倒锥并对复合材料背板施加应力,随后背板通过变形吸收剩余能量,而且弹头和陶瓷面板的碎片可将高度集中的能量分散,扩大冲击面积,从而大幅提高抗弹性能。因此,陶瓷面板抗弹性能的提升,对改善陶瓷复合装甲的综合性能,降低装甲重量和生产成本,极为重要。
陶瓷防弹面板的抗弹性能主要受陶瓷材料、面板结构等因素影响。目前,单块大尺寸的陶瓷块已经能够规模化的生产。然而,与由小尺寸陶瓷块拼接而成的组合式陶瓷面板相比,采用大尺寸陶瓷块制作的复合装甲抗多发子弹打击能力较弱。公开号为CN108253843A的专利提供了一种连续纤维增韧碳化硅陶瓷防弹板的制作方法,该方法确实可以提高陶瓷复合装甲抗多发弹性能,但纤维增强碳化硅陶瓷的制备周期较长,成本较高,限制了该型防弹面板的大规模推广。为减小子弹撞击时陶瓷防弹面板的损伤面积,提高陶瓷复合装甲抗多发弹性能,陶瓷复合装甲往往采用小尺寸的陶瓷单元拼接成组合式陶瓷防弹面板。一般来说,陶瓷单元要具有合理的几何形状以及合理的尺寸,并使这两者相匹配。公开号为CN108981470A的发明专利提供了一种复合装甲板及具有其的装甲车,其中,复合装甲板所采用的陶瓷面板由若干个陶瓷单元拼接而成。目前使用的陶瓷单元几何形状主要有圆柱形、正六边形和正方形。采用圆柱形陶瓷单元拼接时陶瓷单元之间的间隙过大,正方形陶瓷单元拼接后则拼接缝隙多,正六边形陶瓷单元虽然形状效应好,拼接间隙小,但是陶瓷单元之间的粘接强度较低,因此缺乏有效的位置约束。
公开号为CN1746609A的发明专利公开了一种钢蜂窝陶瓷夹芯复合防弹装甲板,将陶瓷单元嵌入到钢蜂窝芯板中,可实现对陶瓷单元的约束,但这种方法制备工艺复杂、防弹机理不明确且防弹面板较重;公开号为CN110108163A的发明专利公开了一种结构自约束陶瓷面板,由若干个呈正六边形的陶瓷块组成,相邻单元陶瓷块之间相接的侧壁通过紧配合结构进行连接,但此方法采用的陶瓷块结构较为复杂,不易加工。当前,组合式陶瓷防弹面板在应用过程中仍存在以下问题:1)采用粘接方式对小尺寸陶瓷单元的约束力不够,且暂未考虑三维空间上的约束;2)采用金属嵌入形式不仅不能保证接缝处的抗弹能力,还会大幅增加防弹面板的重量,且加工工艺复杂;3)在抗弹过程中应力波传递时,当前的约束方式未能给组合陶瓷单元有效缓冲,面对大口径子弹仍会产生较大面积碎裂。
发明内容
针对目前陶瓷复合装甲抗多发弹性能差的问题,本发明提供了一种强约束组合式陶瓷防弹面板及其制备方法,本发明具有生产效率高、成本低,制备工艺简单,适于规模化生产的优点。
为解决上述技术问题,本发明采用的技术方案是:一种强约束组合式陶瓷防弹面板,包括树脂基复合材料和陶瓷单元,所述陶瓷单元为棱形,所述陶瓷单元之间采用条状拼接或块状拼接的方式拼接成陶瓷面板,所述树脂基复合材料包覆于所述陶瓷单元外部,所述树脂基复合材料为三面包覆。
进一步的,所述树脂基复合材料采用重复凹凸形结构,所述陶瓷单元,为长条状或者块状,形状与所述树脂基复合材料结构相匹配,所述陶瓷单元嵌入纤维增强复合材料的凹凸型槽中,利用凹凸型结构特殊的包覆方式,将实现组合式陶瓷防弹面板中若干陶瓷单元空间位置的强约束,使陶瓷防弹面板具有良好的整体性。
进一步的,树脂基复合材料包括树脂基体和高性能纤维增强体,采用高性能纤维织物或者高性能纤维预浸料经复合材料成型工艺制备而成,将树脂基体与高性能纤维增强体进行含浸,能够增强纤维织料的韧性和强度,能够提升其拉伸强度和抗冲击性能,且能拓宽耐受温度。
进一步的,所述树脂基体为环氧树脂、酚醛树脂、聚氨酯树脂、不饱和聚酯树脂中的一种或几种。
进一步的,所述高性能纤维增强体,由连续纤维和非连续纤维的一种或两种组成;
进一步的,所述高性能纤维增强体为碳纤维、玻璃纤维、玄武岩纤维、芳纶纤维、碳化硅纤维、氧化铝纤维、聚乙烯纤维、涤纶纤维中的一种或几种。
进一步的,相邻所述陶瓷单元结合处填充有所述树脂基体,在相邻陶瓷单元之间的接缝处会填充树脂基体,树脂基体既能缓冲抗弹过程中的应力波传递,又能保证接缝处的抗弹能力。
进一步的,所述树脂基复合材料的密度为1.4-2.0g/cm3,所述陶瓷单元的密度为2.5-3.0g/cm3。
制备强约束组合式陶瓷防弹面板的方法,包括如下步骤:
步骤一:按设计尺寸制备若干块状或条状陶瓷单元;
步骤二:采用高性能纤维织物或者预浸料,将条状陶瓷单元按照重复凹凸形结构进行包覆,制备陶瓷防弹面板预制体;
或
将块状陶瓷单元拼接成条状,采用高性能纤维织物或者预浸料,将拼接后的块状陶瓷单元按照重复凹凸形结构进行包覆,制备陶瓷防弹面板预制体,将陶瓷单元包覆于高性能纤维织物或者预浸料重复凹凸形结构内部,能够通过高性能纤维织物或者预浸料将组合式的陶瓷单元结合并约束起来,使陶瓷防弹面板具有良好的整体性;
步骤三:采用复合材料成型工艺,将包覆后的陶瓷防弹面板预制体固化成型,成为具有整体结构的陶瓷防弹面板,从而将高性能高性能纤维织物或者预浸料与陶瓷面板固化在一起,能够通过纤维织料的韧性和强度,对陶瓷防弹面板进行全方位的约束,提升其拉伸强度和抗冲击性能,并能够在抗弹过程中防止碎片飞溅。
进一步的,步骤三中,所述复合材料成型工艺为树脂传递模塑成型、真空导入成型、真空袋压成型或热压罐成型的任意一种。
进一步的,步骤三中,固化温度为120℃,固化时间为2h,固化后冷却至40℃后脱模。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有的优点和积极效果是:
1.本发明提供的一种强约束组合式陶瓷防弹面板及其制备方法,采用纤维增强树脂基复合材料对若干陶瓷单元的空间位置进行约束,可以在不增加陶瓷防弹面板重量的前提下,显著提升陶瓷复合装甲的抗多发弹性能。
2.本发明提供的一种强约束组合式陶瓷防弹面板及其制备方法,利用凹凸型结构特殊的包覆方式,将实现组合式陶瓷防弹面板中若干陶瓷单元空间位置的强约束,使陶瓷防弹面板具有良好的整体性。
3.本发明提供的一种强约束组合式陶瓷防弹面板及其制备方法,因为复合材料成型工艺过程中有树脂基体的流动,因此在相邻陶瓷单元之间的接缝处会填充树脂基体,树脂基体既能缓冲抗弹过程中的应力波传递,又能保证接缝处的抗弹能力。
4.本发明提供的一种强约束组合式陶瓷防弹面板及其制备方法,陶瓷防弹面板采用复合材料成型工艺固化而成,该类工艺技术成熟,生产效率高、成本低,制备工艺简单,适于规模化生产。
附图说明
图1是本发明实施例1梯形块状陶瓷面板的结构示意图;
图2是本发明实施例1梯形块状陶瓷面板的正视图;
图3是本发明实施例4三角形条状陶瓷面板的结构示意图;
图4是本发明实施例4三角形条状陶瓷面板的结构示意图;
图5是本发明条状陶瓷单元的结构示意图;
图6是本发明块状陶瓷单元的结构示意图。
图中:陶瓷单元-1、树脂基复合材料-2、陶瓷面板-3。
具体实施方式
为了更好的理解本发明,下面结合具体实施例和附图对本发明进行进一步的描述。
实施例1:
采用横截面为梯形的陶瓷块制备强约束组合式陶瓷防弹面板的方法,包括如下步骤:
步骤一:将氧化铝陶瓷在具有梯形模腔的模具内压制成胚体,然后采用高温烧结,制备若干横截面为梯形,厚10mm的块状氧化铝陶瓷单元;
步骤二:将横截面为梯形的块状陶瓷单元拼接成条状,接缝处结构匹配完好,采用碳纤维织物,将拼接后的块状陶瓷单元按照重复凹凸形结构进行包覆,制备陶瓷防弹面板预制体;
步骤三:将预制体放入300mm*300mm的模具内,闭模密封后抽真空,真空度0.08MPa;
树脂采用热固性环氧树脂,将树脂与固化剂按照质量比5:1的比例均匀混合,采用树脂传递模塑成型工艺利用注胶机将混合后的环氧树脂导入模腔内,充分浸渍预制体以后将模具密封,放入烘箱内加热到120℃,保温保压2小时,固化成型;
预制体固化后烘箱自然冷却至40℃,随后将模具从烘箱中取出,脱模修边后即可得到300mm*300mm,厚10mm的强约束组合式陶瓷防弹面板,作为实验组A。
实施例2:
采用横截面为等边三角形的陶瓷块制备强约束组合式陶瓷防弹面板的方法,包括如下步骤:
步骤一:将氧化铝陶瓷在具有三角形模腔的模具内压制成胚体,然后采用高温烧结,制备若干横截面为三角形,高10mm的块状氧化铝陶瓷单元;
步骤二:将横截面为三角形的块状陶瓷单元拼接成条状,接缝处结构匹配完好,采用芳纶纤维织物,将拼接后的块状陶瓷单元按照重复凹凸形结构进行包覆,制备陶瓷防弹面板预制体;
步骤三:将预制体放入平板模具上,采用真空袋密封后抽真空,真空度0.08MPa;
树脂采用酚醛树脂,将树脂与固化剂按照质量比5:1的比例均匀混合,采用真空导入成型工艺利用真空泵将混合后的树脂导入真空袋内,充分浸渍预制体后将真空袋密封,放入烘箱内加热到120℃,保温保压2小时,固化成型;
预制体固化后烘箱自然冷却至40℃,随后将模具从烘箱中取出,脱模修边后即可得到300mm*300mm,厚10mm的强约束组合式陶瓷防弹面板,作为实验组B。
实施例3:
采用横截面为矩形的陶瓷块制备强约束组合式陶瓷防弹面板的方法,包括如下步骤:
步骤一:将碳化硼陶瓷在具有矩形模腔的模具内压制成胚体,然后采用高温烧结,制备若干横截面为矩形,高10mm的条状碳化硼陶瓷单元;
步骤二:采用玻璃纤维预浸料,玻璃纤维预浸料为玻璃纤维充分浸渍聚氨酯树脂的预浸料,将条状陶瓷单元按照重复凹凸形结构进行包覆,制备陶瓷防弹面板预制体;
步骤三:将预制体放入平板模具上,按照方向和角度对陶瓷防弹面板预制体进行铺层,并用刮板将玻璃纤维预浸料刮平,除去层间空气,采用真空袋密封后抽真空,真空度0.08MPa;
放入烘箱内加热到120℃,保温保压2小时,固化成型;
预制体固化后烘箱自然冷却至40℃,随后将模具从烘箱中取出,脱模修边后即可得到300mm*300mm,厚10mm的强约束组合式陶瓷防弹面板,作为实验组C。
实施例4:
采用横截面为三角形的陶瓷块制备强约束组合式陶瓷防弹面板的方法,包括如下步骤:
步骤一:将碳化硼陶瓷在具有矩形模腔的模具内压制成胚体,然后采用高温烧结,制备若干横截面为三角形,高10mm的条状碳化硼陶瓷单元;
步骤二:采用聚乙烯纤维预浸料,聚乙烯纤维预浸料为聚乙烯纤维充分浸渍不饱和聚酯树脂的预浸料,本实施例采用的不饱和聚酯树脂为将条状陶瓷单元按照重复凹凸形结构进行包覆,制备陶瓷防弹面板预制体;
步骤三:将预制体放入平板模具上,采用真空袋密封后抽真空,真空度0.08MPa;
将模具放入热压罐内,加热到120℃,加压到0.7MPa,保温保压2小时,将预制体固化成型;
预制体固化后,热压罐释放压力,自然冷却至40℃后将模具取出,脱模修边后即可得到300mm*300mm,厚10mm的强约束组合式陶瓷防弹面板,作为实验组D。
实施例5:
步骤一:将氧化铝陶瓷在具有300mm*300mm,厚10mm模腔的模具内压制成胚体,然后采用高温烧结成300mm*300mm,厚10mm的氧化铝陶瓷面板。
步骤二:采用尼龙纤维,通过环氧树脂胶黏剂粘贴于氧化铝陶瓷面板表面,将聚乙烯纤维的两端口通过密封胶黏贴于陶瓷面板上,制备陶瓷防弹面板,作为对照组A。
实施例6:
检测实施例1-5中提供的防弹面板的防弹性能,实验组A-D和对照组A提供的均为300mm*300mm,厚10mm的陶瓷面板,分别与10mm厚的超高分子量聚乙烯板和10mm厚的芳纶板粘合制成复合靶板,通过发射12.7mm的半速钢芯子弹垂直射击陶瓷面板,测试子弹冲击防弹板后的穿透情况,并检测面板的碎片飞溅情况,检测结果见表1。
表1.实施例1-5的防弹性能
由检测结果可知,实施例1-4中提供的复合防弹面板具有较好的抗多发子弹的性能,采用纤维增强树脂基复合材料对若干陶瓷单元的空间位置进行约束,利用凹凸型结构特殊的包覆方式,将实现组合式陶瓷防弹面板中若干陶瓷单元空间位置的强约束,陶瓷防弹面板具有良好的整体性,树脂基体既能缓冲抗弹过程中的应力波传递,又能保证接缝处的抗弹能力,可以在不增加陶瓷防弹面板重量的前提下,显著提升陶瓷复合装甲的抗多发弹性能,而对照组A中,抗弹性能较差,更不具备抗多发子弹的性能,且陶瓷面板受应力冲击碎裂较多,碎片飞溅程度较为严重。
以上对本发明的实施例进行了详细说明,但所述内容仅为本发明的较佳实施例,不能被认为用于限定本发明的实施范围。凡依本发明范围所作的均等变化与改进等,均应仍归属于本专利涵盖范围之内。
Claims (10)
1.一种强约束组合式陶瓷防弹面板,其特征在于:包括树脂基复合材料(2)和陶瓷单元(1),所述陶瓷单元(1)为棱形,所述陶瓷单元(1)之间采用条状拼接或块状拼接的方式拼接成陶瓷面板(3),所述树脂基复合材料(2)包覆于所述陶瓷单元(1)外部,所述树脂基复合材料(2)为三面包覆。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种强约束组合式陶瓷防弹面板,其特征在于:所述树脂基复合材料(2)采用重复凹凸形结构,所述陶瓷单元(1),为长条状或者块状,形状与所述树脂基复合材料(2)结构相匹配,所述陶瓷单元(1)嵌入纤维增强复合材料的凹凸型槽中。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种强约束组合式陶瓷防弹面板,其特征在于:树脂基复合材料(2)包括树脂基体和高性能纤维增强体,采用高性能纤维织物或者高性能纤维预浸料经复合材料成型工艺制备而成。
4.根据权利要求3所述的一种强约束组合式陶瓷防弹面板,其特征在于:所述树脂基体为环氧树脂、酚醛树脂、聚氨酯树脂、不饱和聚酯树脂中的一种或几种。
5.根据权利要求3所述的一种强约束组合式陶瓷防弹面板,其特征在于:所述高性能纤维增强体,由连续纤维和非连续纤维的一种或两种组成。
6.根据权利要求3所述的一种强约束组合式陶瓷防弹面板,其特征在于:相邻所述陶瓷单元(1)结合处填充有所述树脂基体。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种强约束组合式陶瓷防弹面板,其特征在于:所述树脂基复合材料(2)的密度为1.4-2.0g/cm3,所述陶瓷单元(1)的密度为2.5-3.0g/cm3。
8.制备权利要求1-7任一所述的强约束组合式陶瓷防弹面板的方法,其特征在于:包括如下步骤:
步骤一:按设计尺寸制备若干块状或条状陶瓷单元(1);
步骤二:采用高性能纤维织物或者预浸料,将条状陶瓷单元(1)按照重复凹凸形结构进行包覆,制备陶瓷防弹面板预制体;
或
将块状陶瓷单元(1)拼接成条状,采用高性能纤维织物或者预浸料,将拼接后的块状陶瓷单元(1)按照重复凹凸形结构进行包覆,制备陶瓷防弹面板预制体;
步骤三:采用复合材料成型工艺,将包覆后的陶瓷防弹面板预制体固化成型,成为具有整体结构的陶瓷防弹面板。
9.根据权利要求8所述的强约束组合式陶瓷防弹面板的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤三中,所述复合材料成型工艺为树脂传递模塑成型、真空导入成型、真空袋压成型或热压罐成型的任意一种。
10.根据权利要求8所述的强约束组合式陶瓷防弹面板的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤三中,固化温度为120℃,固化时间为2h,固化后冷却至40℃脱模。
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