CN109256797B - Wind-solar-storage-contained local power grid optimization method considering market trading - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to a local area power grid optimization method considering market trading and comprising wind-solar energy storage, which comprises the following steps: 1) acquiring three operation modes of a local area power grid containing wind energy, solar energy and storage for participating in market trading; 2) considering an operation mode, establishing a local area power grid optimization planning mathematical model, taking the optimal investment benefit as an objective function for optimizing the local area power grid optimization mathematical model, and taking power balance constraint, energy storage limit constraint, network topology constraint and reliability constraint as constraint conditions; 3) and simplifying and solving the mathematical model to obtain an optimal planning scheme. Compared with the prior art, the method has the advantages of obtaining the business model according with the national conditions, accurate modeling, simple method, strong practicability and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of power grid planning optimization, in particular to a local power grid optimization method considering market trading and comprising wind-solar energy storage.
Background
At present, the large-scale development of the local area power grid still has some problems, wherein the economy is the main reason for restricting the commercial application of the local area power grid. The development of the local area network requires a business model suitable for it, and the business operation model can be innovative, but the electricity selling business is still the most basic and main business operation model of the local area network. However, how to develop electricity selling business is always an important problem which troubles the commercial development of the local power grid. In 2015, 3 months, a plurality of suggestions about further deepening the power system reform of the Zhongzhong central State institute are centrally issued, and the sequential screen about further deepening the power system reform in China is drawn. The reform of the electricity selling side is the bright point of the electricity reformation, and policy guarantee is provided for the local power grid to develop electricity selling business and participate in the electricity market.
The local area network planning based on the reasonable commercial operation mode is a key factor for improving the economy of the local area network. The planning of the local power grid is different from the planning of a general power supply or a power grid, the types of distributed power supplies in the local power grid are various, and the operation mode of a system is complex, so that the planning method of the traditional power grid is not suitable for the local power grid. Scholars at home and abroad do a lot of research work on market trading modes and planning optimization of local area power grids, however, most of the research on the local area power grid power market trading modes is based on a more open power market at home and abroad and various games in the spot market, but at present, China is just at the initial stage of power system innovation, and the research on the local area power grid power trading modes based on the national conditions of China is more beneficial to the healthy development of the local area power grids in China. Meanwhile, the local area network planning method based on the development trend at the present stage is more beneficial to improving the overall economy of the local area network.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a method for optimizing a local area power grid containing wind, light and storage by considering market trading.
The purpose of the invention can be realized by the following technical scheme:
a local area power grid optimization method considering market trading and including wind, light and storage comprises the following steps:
1) acquiring three operation modes of a local area power grid containing wind energy, solar energy and storage for participating in market trading;
2) considering an operation mode, establishing a local area power grid optimization planning mathematical model, taking the optimal investment benefit as an objective function for optimizing the local area power grid optimization mathematical model, and taking power balance constraint, energy storage limit constraint, network topology constraint and reliability constraint as constraint conditions;
3) and simplifying and solving the mathematical model to obtain an optimal planning scheme.
In the step 1), the three operation modes of the local area power grid including the wind energy, the solar energy and the storage energy participating in market trading comprise:
the first mode is as follows: the local power grid does not participate in the power market, the power is supplied by the power grid when the electric quantity of a local power grid user is insufficient, and the power grid is bought when the surplus is obtained;
and a second mode: only surplus electricity of the local power grid participates in electric power market transaction, when the electric quantity of a local power grid user is insufficient, the power grid supplies power, and the surplus electricity is sold to adjacent users of a public power grid bus through the electric power market transaction;
and a third mode: the local power grid completely participates in the power market, when the electric quantity of a local power grid user is insufficient, the local power grid operation main body purchases power to the wholesale market, and the surplus power is sold to a public power grid bus adjacent user.
In the step 2), the objective function of the local area power grid optimization planning mathematical model is as follows:
Y＝Max fFNVP(CINV,Cn,Bn,iC)
CINV＝CINV，s+CINV,b+CINV,g+CINV,ems
Cn＝Cm,n+Cc,n+Cf,n+Cp,n+Co,n+Cb,n
Bn＝Bpro,n+Bg,n+Bs,n+Bh,n+Bl,n+Bc,n+Bu,n
wherein, CINVFor construction period cost, CnTo run time costs, BnFor regional grid operating income, iCFor a set project benchmark profitability, CINV，sFor initial investment costs of distributed power supplies, CINV,bFor initial investment costs of energy storage, CINV,gFor initial investment costs of the distribution facilities, CINV,emsInitial investment cost for local area grid energy management system, Cm,nFor operating maintenance costs, Cc，nFor equipment replacement cost, Cf，nAs a cost of fuel, Cp，nPunishment for pollution discharge, Co,nFor penalty of power outage, Cb,nFor the electricity purchase cost in grid-connected operation, the subscript n is the cost of the nth year after project delivery, Bpro,nFor energy-supply service income, Bg,nRevenue for distribution services, Bs,nSubsidizing income for renewable energy sources, Bh,nFor grid-oriented auxiliary service revenue, Bl，nFor energy saving and emission reduction benefit income, Bc,nTo improve the reliability benefit revenue, Bu,nThe additional benefit income brought by the investment of the power grid is delayed.
In the step 2), the constraint conditions of the local area power grid optimization planning mathematical model include:
A. power and energy balance constraints
fe(Pe,n,hi,n,Ebuy,n,Ps,e)＝fcu(En)
Wherein h isi,nFor the annual hours of use of different kinds of distributed power supplies, Ebuy，nFor the quantity of electricity purchased from wholesale markets, P, by local grid electricity selling companies each yeare,nAnnual generated power, P, for heterogeneous distributed power sourcess,eAnnual generated power for energy storage, fcu(En) And the power is sold to users every year for local power grid power selling companies.
B. Energy storage device constraint equation constraints
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
for the real-time capacity of the cold energy storage device,
for the real-time capacity of the thermal energy storage device,
for the real-time capacity of the electrical energy storage device,
is the upper limit of the capacity of the cold energy storage equipment,
The upper limit of the capacity of the heat energy storage equipment,
Is the upper limit of the electrical energy storage device;
C. energy storage device continuous operation restraint
Wherein T is a statistical period;
D. network topology constraints
Pn,i≤PL.i
Pm,i≤PS.i
Wherein, Pn,iFor the calculated load flow of the ith circuit, PL.iIs the thermal stability value of the ith loop line, Pm,iCalculated power flow for the ith main transformer, Ps.iThe maximum capacity of the ith main transformer;
E. reliability constraints
Ki≥ko
Wherein, KiTo plan the reliability index, koIs a reliability index required by national and industrial specifications.
In the step 3), the principle of simplifying the mathematical model is as follows:
(1) simplifying the type of an energy supply unit and constraint conditions according to the type of the energy supply of the local area power grid;
(2) the pollution discharge punishment and the power failure punishment are not considered at the cost stage;
(3) simplifying the local area network income model according to the local area network investment subject and the business model, and only considering the energy supply service income B for the local area network invested in social capitalpro,nDistribution service is entered into Bg,nAnd renewable energy sources subsidy Bs,n。
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
the invention fully considers the domestic electricity change background and the local area network transaction mode at the present stage, obtains three commercial operation modes which accord with the national conditions of China, and researches the local area network planning method with the optimal investment benefit on the basis of the commercial mode.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a connection relationship between a local area network and a user.
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of model calculation.
Fig. 4 is a graph of a relationship between the important load guarantee time of the local power grid and the internal yield.
Fig. 5 is a graph of the relationship between the important load capacity of the local area power grid guarantee and the internal yield.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below with reference to the figures and specific embodiments.
Examples
As shown in fig. 1, the present invention provides a local area power grid optimization method including wind, photovoltaic and energy storage considering market trading, comprising the following steps:
s1, obtaining a business mode of the local area power grid containing the wind-solar energy storage for participating in market trading, and obtaining a business mode of the local area power grid containing the wind-solar energy storage for participating in market trading in step S1.
The first mode is as follows: the local power grid does not participate in the power market, power is supplied by the power grid when the electric quantity of a local power grid user is insufficient, and the local power grid is bought by the power grid when surplus, so that the mode of self-generation and self-use and surplus power internet surfing can be understood;
and a second mode: the local power grid only participates in the electricity market transaction, when the electricity quantity of a local power grid user is insufficient, the electricity is supplied by the power grid, the surplus electricity is sold to a neighboring user of a public power grid bus through the electricity market transaction, and the current business mode of encouraging local consumption and neighboring sale of the distributed power supply is used for reference;
and a third mode: the local power grid completely participates in the power market, when the electric quantity of a local power grid user is insufficient, the local power grid operation main body purchases power to the wholesale market, and the surplus power is sold to a public power grid bus adjacent user. In the mode, once a user selects the local power grid power selling company, the user needs to participate in the market in full electric quantity, namely the local power grid power selling company is responsible for all electric quantity of the user, the generated energy of the local power grid is insufficient, and the local power grid power selling company needs to go to a wholesale market for purchase.
The local area power grid in the third mode is used as an electric power selling company and has the following operation characteristics:
(1) considering from the perspective of a large power grid, when the generated energy of a power supply in the local power grid is insufficient, the local power grid as a whole is used as an electricity selling company to buy electricity to a wholesale market so as to meet the electricity purchasing requirements of users inside and outside the local power grid, and the electricity transmission and distribution fee and government funds of a corresponding electricity part are considered, and the local power grid operation main body bears the fee;
(2) the local area power grid operation main body bears system capacity standby charge;
(3) the local area power grid operation main body and the local area power grid internal users settle the fees at the unified electricity price, the users are not required to be separately charged with power distribution service fees or trade prices for distinguishing different types of power supplies, and the unified electricity price settlement fees need to be accounted after the local area power grid construction fees (including distributed power supplies in the local area power grid) and the outsourcing electricity cost fees are considered;
(4) local power grid surplus electricity is encouraged to be consumed locally through reasonable 'network passing fee', taking fig. 2 as an example, in order to encourage local power grid electricity to be consumed nearby, the local power grid is sold to a user (user 1 in fig. 2) close to the same bus, the corresponding electric quantity (local power grid power generation part) of the local power grid can avoid the power transmission and distribution service fee of the power rate electricity price part, and the basic electricity price of the user 1 part is reduced according to the credible capacity agreement of the local power grid for the user 1; if the user is sold to other users of the power grid (for example, user 2 in fig. 2), the user still needs to pay the relevant power transmission and distribution service fee;
s2, establishing a local area network optimization planning mathematical model, and in the step S2, establishing the local area network optimization planning mathematical model, wherein the steps are as follows: the investment income in the life cycle of the local area power grid is a key factor for determining whether the local area power grid is worth investment. And (5) optimally taking the investment benefit as an objective function for optimizing the planning of the local power grid. The cost of the full life cycle of the local area power grid includes construction period cost and operation period cost. The project gains of the local power grid come from energy supply services (including cold, heat and electricity), power distribution services, renewable energy subsidies, auxiliary services facing the power grid, energy conservation and emission reduction benefits, reliability benefits and additional gains brought by delaying power grid investment.
For the present stage, energy supply (sale) service, power distribution service and renewable energy subsidy are the most practical and feasible revenue sources of the local area power grid, and the electricity sale modes corresponding to different business modes are different; the auxiliary service facing the power grid mainly comprises peak regulation, frequency modulation, reactive support and the like, and because the electric power market in China just starts and the electric energy trading market is mainly focused at present, the auxiliary service income at the present stage is not obvious; energy-saving and emission-reducing benefits can include green certificate system, carbon emission right trade income and the like, the green certificate system is just started in China, although the carbon emission right trade has a plurality of pilot cities, the carbon emission right trade income accounts for a very small total income ratio; the reliability benefit is improved, and the additional benefit brought by power grid investment is delayed, so that the local power grid investment and construction of a power grid company need to be considered in an important way, but the local power grid investment and construction of the social capital investment and construction project is difficult to embody.
From the above analysis, the investment benefit optimization objective function herein is as follows:
Y＝Max fFNVP(CINV,Cn,Bn,iC)
(1) construction period cost
CINV＝CINV，s+CINv，b+CINV,g+CINV,ens
(2) Run time costs
Cn＝Cm,n+Cc,n+Cf,n+Cp，n+Co,n+Cb,n
(3) Regional grid operating revenue
Bn＝Bpro,n+Bg,n+Bs，n+Bh，n+Bl，n+Bc，n+Bu，n
Wherein iCBenchmark profitability for the set project; construction period cost CINVIncluding initial investment cost C of distributed power supplyINV，sInitial investment cost of energy storage CINV,bInitial investment cost C of power distribution facilitiesINv,gAnd initial investment cost C of local area power grid energy management systemINv,emsEtc.; run time cost CnIncluding operating maintenance costs Cm,nReplacement cost of equipment Cc,nFuel cost Cf，nPollution discharge punishment Cp，nPower outage penalty Co,nAnd the electricity purchase cost C in grid-connected operationb,nAnd the like. n represents the operating cost of the nth year after project delivery. Operating income BnIncluding energy supply service (cold, hot, electric) Bpro，nDistribution service is entered into Bg,nAnd renewable energy sources are subsidized Bs，nAuxiliary service to the grid Bh,nEnergy saving and emission reduction benefits Bl,nAnd improvement of the reliability benefits Bc,nDelaying additional benefits from grid investment Bu,n. Where n represents the operational cost of the nth year after project commissioning.
Step S22: the constraint conditions to be considered in the planning process include power balance constraint, energy storage limit constraint, network topology constraint, reliability constraint and the like.
(1) Power and energy balance constraints
The local power grid containing various energy forms of cold, heat and electricity needs to consider the balance of cold, heat and electricity loads. Meanwhile, for planning each horizontal year, the electric quantity balance is required to be met:
fe(Pe，n,hi,n，Ebuy，n，Ps，e)＝fcu(En)
wherein h isi，nThe number of annual hours of use for different kinds of distributed power; ebuy,nThe electric quantity purchased from the wholesale market every year for the local power grid electricity selling company; f. ofcu(En) The electric quantity is sold to users every year for local power grid electricity selling companies;
(2) energy storage device constraint equation constraints
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
respectively, the upper limit of each energy storage device.
(3) Energy storage device continuous operation restraint
In the planning design, the equipment capacity constraint is carried out by considering the typical load time period. After the counted period of T time periods, the front and back states of each type of energy storage device need to be kept unchanged.
(4) Network topology constraints
The power distribution facility needs to meet the requirements of related circuits and main transformer capacity of planning and design to meet basic power supply requirements.
Pn,i≤PL.i
Pm,i≤PS.i
Wherein P isn,iFor the calculated load flow of the ith circuit, PL.iThe thermal stability value of the ith return line; pm,iCalculated power flow for the ith main transformer, PS.iThe maximum capacity of the ith main transformer.
(5) Reliability constraints
The power supply reliability of the local power grid meets the requirements of relevant national and industrial regulations, and is generally not lower than the basic requirements of the reliability of the local power grid. And the reliability index is used as a basic constraint condition for planning the local power grid and carries out reliability evaluation on the planning scheme.
Ki≥ko
S3 solves and simplifies the mathematical model, and verifies the optimization method by combining the examples, and the flow chart is shown in FIG. 3 according to the objective function and the constraint conditions. In order to adapt to the practical application of the local area power grid planning at the present stage, the model simplification principle is as follows:
(1) the type and constraint conditions of the energy supply units are simplified according to the type of the local area power grid energy supply, for example, the pure power supply local area power grid only needs to consider the distributed power supply and the electric balance constraint;
(2) no pollution discharge punishment C is considered in the cost stagep,nPower outage penalty Co,n；
(3) Simplifying LAN revenue models based on LAN investment bodies and business model design, e.g. for social fundingThe local power grid invested by the local power grid (non-grid company) only needs to consider energy supply service (cold, heat and electricity) to enter Bpro,nDistribution service is entered into Bg,nAnd renewable energy sources are subsidized Bs,n；
The embodiment is a plant area grid-connected local power grid, users do not have the cold and heat load requirements, and the local power grid is constructed by social capital investment. The data of the examples are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 examples basic parameters
| User cold and heat load demand | 0MW |
| Maximum load of user power consumption | 9MW |
| Important load of user | 1MW |
| Local area network neighboring user maximum load | 7MW |
| Annual hours of use for a user | 5000h |
| Maximum photovoltaic installed capacity | 10MW |
| Maximum installed capacity of fan | 100kW |
| Maximum installed capacity of combustion engine | 6MW |
(remarks: maximum machine-installable capacity of photovoltaic, wind turbine and gas turbine is limited by site and resource conditions;)
Considering the instability of the subsidy policy, the renewable energy subsidy income is not considered for the moment, the planning scheme analysis is carried out on the local area power grid according to the three modes acquired by the method, and the calculation result is shown in table 2. Meanwhile, according to a business mode (mode three) that the local area power grid completely participates in the power market, the isolated grid operation characteristic of the local area power grid is analyzed, according to calculation and analysis, in order to guarantee reliable power supply of important loads during isolated grid operation, more construction cost needs to be invested into the local area power grid, and the investment yield of the local area power grid is greatly influenced, and as shown in fig. 4 and 5, the internal yield of the local area power grid is gradually reduced along with the increase of important load guarantee time and guarantee load.
The first mode is as follows: the local power grid does not participate in the power market, the power is supplied by the power grid when the electric quantity of a user is insufficient, and the power is purchased by the power grid when the surplus is obtained;
and a second mode: the local power grid only participates in the power market, when the electric quantity of a user is insufficient, the power is supplied by the power grid, and the surplus power is sold to a user adjacent to a bus of the public power grid;
and a third mode: the local power grid completely participates in the power market, when the electric quantity of a user is insufficient, a local power grid electricity selling company purchases electricity to the wholesale market, and the rest electricity is sold to a user adjacent to a public power grid bus;
according to the calculation result, the local area network adopting the mode III can obtain the maximum yield and the maximum net profit, and the participation in the power market is the best business mode according with the development of the local area network.
TABLE 2 optimization of the calculated results
Claims (1)
1. A local area power grid optimization method considering market trading and including wind, light and storage is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) acquiring three operation modes of a local area power grid containing wind energy, solar energy and storage participating in market trading, wherein the three operation modes of the local area power grid containing wind energy, solar energy and storage participating in market trading comprise:
the first mode is as follows: the local power grid does not participate in the power market, the power is supplied by the power grid when the electric quantity of a local power grid user is insufficient, and the power grid is bought when the surplus is obtained;
and a second mode: only surplus electricity of the local power grid participates in electric power market transaction, when the electric quantity of a local power grid user is insufficient, the power grid supplies power, and the surplus electricity is sold to adjacent users of a public power grid bus through the electric power market transaction;
and a third mode: the local power grid completely participates in the power market, when the electric quantity of a local power grid user is insufficient, the local power grid operation main body purchases power to the wholesale market, and the surplus power is sold to a public power grid bus adjacent user;
2) considering an operation mode, establishing a local area power grid optimization planning mathematical model, taking the optimal investment benefit as an objective function for optimizing the local area power grid optimization mathematical model, and taking power balance constraint, energy storage limit constraint, network topology constraint and reliability constraint as constraint conditions;
the objective function of the mathematical model for optimizing and planning the local power grid is as follows:
Y＝Max fFNVP(CINV，Cn，Bn，iC)
CINV＝CINV，s+CINV，b+CINV，g+CINV，ems
Cn＝Cm，n+Cc，n+Cf，n+Cp，n+Co，n+Cb，n
Bn＝Bpro，n+Bg，n+Bs，n+Bh，n+B1，n+Bc，n+Bu，n
wherein, CINVFor construction period cost, CnTo run time costs, BnFor regional grid operating income, iCFor a set project benchmark profitability, CINV，sFor initial investment costs of distributed power supplies, CINV，bFor initial investment costs of energy storage, CINV，gFor initial investment costs of the distribution facilities, C1NV，emsInitial investment cost for local area grid energy management system, Cm，nFor operating maintenance costs, Cc，nFor equipment replacement cost, Cf，nAs a cost of fuel, Cp，nPunishment for pollution discharge, Co，nFor penalty of power outage, Cb，nFor the electricity purchase cost in grid-connected operation, the subscript n is the cost of the nth year after project delivery, Bpro，nFor energy-supply service income, Bg，nRevenue for distribution services, Bs，nSubsidizing income for renewable energy sources, Bh，nFor grid-oriented auxiliary service revenue, Bl，nFor energy saving and emission reduction benefit income, Bc，nTo improve the reliability benefit revenue, Bu，nThe additional benefit income brought by the investment of the power grid is delayed;
the constraint conditions of the mathematical model for optimizing and planning the local power grid comprise:
A. power and energy balance constraints
fe(Pe，n，hi，n，Ebuy，n，Ps，e)＝fcu(En)
Wherein h isi，nFor the annual hours of use of different kinds of distributed power supplies, Ebuy，nFor the quantity of electricity purchased from wholesale markets, P, by local grid electricity selling companies each yeare，nAnnual generated power, P, for heterogeneous distributed power sourcess，eAnnual generated power for energy storage, fcu(En) And the power is sold to users every year for local power grid power selling companies.
B. Energy storage device constraint equation constraints
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
for the real-time capacity of the cold energy storage device,
for the real-time capacity of the thermal energy storage device,
for the real-time capacity of the electrical energy storage device,
is the upper limit of the capacity of the cold energy storage equipment,
The upper limit of the capacity of the heat energy storage equipment,
Is the upper limit of the electrical energy storage device;
C. energy storage device continuous operation restraint
Wherein T is a statistical period;
D. network topology constraints
Pn，i≤PL.i
Pm，i≤PS.i
Wherein, Pn，iFor the calculated load flow of the ith circuit, PL.iIs the thermal stability value of the ith loop line, Pm，iCalculated power flow for the ith main transformer, PS.iThe maximum capacity of the ith main transformer is obtained;
E. reliability constraints
Ki≥ko
Wherein, KiTo plan the reliability index, koThe reliability index required by national and industrial specifications;
3) simplifying and solving the mathematical model to obtain an optimal planning scheme, wherein the principle of simplifying the mathematical model is as follows:
(1) simplifying the type of an energy supply unit and constraint conditions according to the type of the energy supply of the local area power grid;
(2) the pollution discharge punishment and the power failure punishment are not considered at the cost stage;
(3) simplifying the local area network income model according to the local area network investment subject and the business model, and only considering the energy supply service income B for the local area network invested in social capitalpro，nDistribution service is entered into Bg，nAnd renewable energy sources subsidy Bs，n。
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| CN102479350A (en) * | 2010-11-25 | 2012-05-30 | 国网能源研究院 | New-energy large-scale grid connection based electric power analysis system and method thereof |
| CN102800032A (en) * | 2012-07-13 | 2012-11-28 | 中国电力科学研究院 | Cost benefit analysis method of renewable energy source distributed generation operation mode |
| US9484747B1 (en) * | 2012-01-25 | 2016-11-01 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Holistic optimization of distribution automation using survivability modeling |
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| CN102479350A (en) * | 2010-11-25 | 2012-05-30 | 国网能源研究院 | New-energy large-scale grid connection based electric power analysis system and method thereof |
| US9484747B1 (en) * | 2012-01-25 | 2016-11-01 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Holistic optimization of distribution automation using survivability modeling |
| CN102800032A (en) * | 2012-07-13 | 2012-11-28 | 中国电力科学研究院 | Cost benefit analysis method of renewable energy source distributed generation operation mode |
| CN107134771A (en) * | 2017-04-10 | 2017-09-05 | 电子科技大学 | A kind of microgrid mode switch control method based on assessment of economic benefit |
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