CN109253918B - Shock wave time calibration device and time calibration method for shock test - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及冲击压缩加载技术领域，具体涉及一种用于冲击试验的冲击波时间标定装置及时间标定方法，包括可控高速发射装置、靶室和信号收集装置，所述靶室为真空靶室，靶室内设置有实验靶，所述实验靶包括基板、固定柱、光探针和电探针，所述基板和固定柱之间设置有发光隙，光探针、电探针分别与信号收集装置连接，所述可控高速发射装置用于驱动飞片撞击基板的左侧侧壁。本发明将根据电探针和光探针检测到的信号产生的两种波形进行对比分析，选择更为精确的波形数据图来最终判断冲击波进入样品的时间点，即可很简单的对冲击波进入样品的时间点这个重要的参数进行更为精确的标定，使得后续实验数据更为可靠有效。
The invention relates to the technical field of shock compression loading, in particular to a shock wave time calibration device and a time calibration method for shock testing, comprising a controllable high-speed launch device, a target chamber and a signal collection device, wherein the target chamber is a vacuum target chamber, An experimental target is arranged in the target chamber. The experimental target includes a substrate, a fixed column, an optical probe and an electrical probe. A light-emitting gap is arranged between the substrate and the fixed column. The optical probe and the electrical probe are respectively connected to the signal collection device. connected, the controllable high-speed launching device is used to drive the flyer to strike the left side wall of the base plate. The invention compares and analyzes two waveforms generated according to the signals detected by the electrical probe and the optical probe, and selects a more accurate waveform data map to finally determine the time point when the shock wave enters the sample, so that the shock wave can enter the sample easily. This important parameter is calibrated more accurately at the time point, which makes the subsequent experimental data more reliable and effective.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及冲击压缩加载技术领域，具体涉及一种用于冲击试验的冲击波时间标定装置及时间标定方法。The invention relates to the technical field of shock compression loading, in particular to a shock wave time calibration device and a time calibration method for shock testing.
背景技术Background technique
动态超高压技术及其理论是在第二次世界大战后期发展成熟的。它的任务通常是研究固体靶在动态超高压条件下的力学性质。Dynamic ultra-high pressure technology and its theory matured in the late World War II. Its task is usually to study the mechanical properties of solid targets under dynamic ultra-high pressure conditions.
极强的冲击波(即激波)在介质(主要指固体)中传播时，会使介质的压力、密度、温度等状态参量发生急剧变化。这种状态称为动态超高压状态，产生强冲击波的技术称为动态超高压技术。动态超高压技术在物态方程测量、人工合成新材料(如金刚石)、地球内部结构研究、冲击引爆机理、陨石成坑及对空间飞行器的破坏，以及穿甲、侵彻、爆炸加工等研究工作中是一项重要技术，被广泛应用于固体物理、天体物理、地球物理、固体化学、爆炸力学、军事科学等学科以及许多工业技术的研究工作中。When an extremely strong shock wave (ie, shock wave) propagates in a medium (mainly solid), the state parameters of the medium, such as pressure, density, and temperature, will change rapidly. This state is called dynamic ultra-high pressure state, and the technology that generates strong shock waves is called dynamic ultra-high pressure technology. Dynamic ultra-high pressure technology is used in the measurement of the equation of state, artificial synthesis of new materials (such as diamond), research on the internal structure of the earth, impact detonation mechanism, meteorite cratering and damage to space vehicles, as well as armor piercing, penetration, explosion processing and other research work It is an important technology and is widely used in the research of solid state physics, astrophysics, geophysics, solid chemistry, explosive mechanics, military science and many other industrial technologies.
气体炮是在火炮加载技术基础上发展起来的一种动高压加载装置。火炮装置简单但是由于火药室能承受的火药点火时的峰值压强有限，一般火炮弹丸底部允许的平均压强不超过150MPa，因此弹丸的速度调节范围十分小，只能达到1km/s～2km/s。而气体炮克服了这个困难，气体炮能发射各种形状的弹丸，弹丸的材料、质量、尺寸和速度均有较大的选择范围。更为突出的优点是，弹丸在承受较低加速度或较低应力的驱动下就可以获得较高的速度，因此气炮驱动有较大的通用性，是目前我国动压加载技术最常用的技术之一。Gas cannon is a dynamic high pressure loading device developed on the basis of artillery loading technology. The artillery device is simple, but due to the limited peak pressure of the gunpowder when the gunpowder is ignited, the average pressure at the bottom of the general artillery projectile does not exceed 150MPa, so the speed adjustment range of the projectile is very small, and can only reach 1km/s ~ 2km/s. The gas cannon overcomes this difficulty. The gas cannon can launch various shapes of projectiles, and the material, quality, size and speed of the projectiles have a large selection range. The more prominent advantage is that the projectile can obtain a higher speed under the drive of lower acceleration or lower stress, so the air gun drive has greater versatility and is currently the most commonly used technology in my country's dynamic pressure loading technology. one.
目前我国较为成熟的气体炮技术主要有一级轻气炮、二级轻气炮以及三级轻气炮。在气炮冲击压缩实验中，冲击波进入样品的时间点是一个非常重要的参数，这对于求解冲击波波速以及后续数据的分析有非常重要的意义。目前用于判断这个时间点的方法通常是利用示波器等信号处理装置收集实验靶上的实验信号，通过分析示波器上收集到的波形信息来判断。通常有两种方法，一种是利用冲击发光的原理利用光纤收集样品表面冲击光信号，另一种是接入光缆，从而收集电信号。最终利用示波器收集到的波形上的跳变点来判断冲击波进入样品的时间。两种方法各有优劣，在实验材料、实验目的、以及精准度等条件不同的情况下，两种方法测出来的数据可能大不相同，为了使实验数据更加精确，对于冲击波进入样品的时间点的标定是非常有必要的。At present, the more mature gas cannon technologies in my country mainly include the first-level light gas cannon, the second-level light gas cannon and the third-level light gas cannon. In the gas cannon shock compression experiment, the time point when the shock wave enters the sample is a very important parameter, which is of great significance for solving the shock wave velocity and subsequent data analysis. The current method for judging this time point is usually to use a signal processing device such as an oscilloscope to collect experimental signals on the experimental target, and to judge by analyzing the waveform information collected on the oscilloscope. There are usually two methods, one is to use the principle of shock luminescence to collect the shock light signal on the surface of the sample with an optical fiber, and the other is to connect the optical cable to collect the electrical signal. Finally, the transition point on the waveform collected by the oscilloscope is used to judge the time when the shock wave enters the sample. The two methods have their own advantages and disadvantages. Under different conditions such as experimental materials, experimental purposes, and accuracy, the data measured by the two methods may be very different. In order to make the experimental data more accurate, the time for the shock wave to enter the sample Point calibration is very necessary.
为此，本发明提供一种装置结构简单，标定方法便捷，用于冲击试验的冲击波时间标定装置及时间标定方法。Therefore, the present invention provides a shock wave time calibration device and a time calibration method for shock test with simple device structure and convenient calibration method.
发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
本发明的目的在于克服现有技术的不足，提供一种用于冲击试验的冲击波时间标定装置及时间标定方法，装置结构简单，标定方法便捷，将根据电探针和光探针检测到的信号产生的两种波形进行对比分析，选择更为精确的波形数据图来最终判断冲击波进入样品的时间点，即可很简单的对冲击波进入样品的时间点这个重要的参数进行更为精确的标定，使得后续实验数据更为可靠有效。The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art, and to provide a shock wave time calibration device and a time calibration method for shock testing. The device has a simple structure and a convenient calibration method. The two waveforms are compared and analyzed, and a more accurate waveform data graph is selected to finally judge the time point when the shock wave enters the sample, so that the important parameter of the time point when the shock wave enters the sample can be easily calibrated more accurately, so that Subsequent experimental data are more reliable and effective.
本发明的目的是通过以下技术方案来实现的：The purpose of this invention is to realize through the following technical solutions:
一种用于冲击试验的冲击波时间标定装置，包括可控高速发射装置、靶室、和信号收集装置，所述靶室为真空靶室，靶室内设置有实验靶，所述实验靶包括基板、固定柱、至少一根光探针、以及至少两根电探针，所述固定柱设置在基板的右侧侧壁上，所述基板和固定柱之间设置有发光隙，所述光探针的一端、电探针的一端分别穿过固定柱与发光隙连接，光探针的另一端、电探针的另一端分别与信号收集装置连接，所述可控高速发射装置用于驱动飞片撞击基板的左侧侧壁。A shock wave time calibration device for shock test, comprising a controllable high-speed launch device, a target chamber, and a signal collection device, wherein the target chamber is a vacuum target chamber, an experimental target is arranged in the target chamber, and the experimental target comprises a substrate, a fixed column, at least one optical probe, and at least two electrical probes, the fixed column is arranged on the right side wall of the substrate, a light-emitting gap is arranged between the substrate and the fixed column, and the optical probe One end of the optical probe and one end of the electrical probe are respectively connected to the light-emitting gap through the fixed column, and the other end of the optical probe and the other end of the electrical probe are respectively connected to the signal collection device, and the controllable high-speed emission device is used to drive the flyer. Hit the left side wall of the substrate.
进一步地，所述基板为导电金属。Further, the substrate is a conductive metal.
进一步地，所述发光隙的尺寸为5～20微米。Further, the size of the light-emitting gap is 5-20 microns.
进一步地，所述可控高速发射装置为具有测速功能的可控高速发射装置。Further, the controllable high-speed transmitting device is a controllable high-speed transmitting device with a speed measurement function.
进一步地，所述可控高速发射装置为气体炮。Further, the controllable high-speed launching device is a gas cannon.
进一步地，所述可控高速发射装置包括加载装置和发射管，所述发射管的管口设置有磁测速装置，所述加载装置用于驱动飞片沿发射管向基板撞击。所述磁测速装置用于检测飞片的初速度。Further, the controllable high-speed launch device includes a loading device and a launch tube, the nozzle of the launch tube is provided with a magnetic speed measuring device, and the loading device is used to drive the flyer to strike the substrate along the launch tube. The magnetic speed measuring device is used to detect the initial speed of the flyer.
进一步地，所述信号收集装置包括瞬态高温计、直流电源和示波器，所述瞬态高温计的一端与光探针连接，瞬态高温计的另一端与示波器连接，所述直流电源的一端与电探针连接，直流电源的另一端与示波器连接。Further, the signal collection device includes a transient pyrometer, a DC power supply and an oscilloscope, one end of the transient pyrometer is connected to the optical probe, the other end of the transient pyrometer is connected to the oscilloscope, and one end of the DC power supply is connected. Connect to the electrical probe, and connect the other end of the DC power supply to the oscilloscope.
进一步地，所述冲击波时间标定装置包括多个对称设置的光探针和多个对称设置的电探针。Further, the shock wave time calibration device includes a plurality of symmetrically arranged optical probes and a plurality of symmetrically arranged electrical probes.
进一步地，所述固定柱与基板可拆卸连接。Further, the fixing column is detachably connected to the base plate.
进一步地，所述固定柱与基板的连接端还设置有密封层，所述密封层用于防止发光隙漏光。Further, a sealing layer is also provided at the connecting end of the fixing column and the substrate, and the sealing layer is used to prevent light leakage from the light-emitting gap.
一种用于冲击试验的冲击波时间标定方法，通过上述冲击波时间标定装置进行标定。A shock wave time calibration method for shock test, which is calibrated by the above shock wave time calibration device.
一种用于冲击试验的冲击波时间标定方法，具体为：通过可控高速发射装置驱动飞片撞击基板的左侧侧壁，飞片与基板碰撞产生冲击波，在冲击波入样品前，光探针接收电信号并传递至信号收集装置，同时碰撞使得电探针与基板接通，产生电信号，电信号由电探针传递至信号收集装置，根据信号收集装置收集到的两种电信号数据产生相应的两种波形曲线，选择信号更稳定、能够准确读出跳变点的波形数据图来最终判断冲击波进入样品的时间点。A method for calibrating shock wave time for impact test, specifically: driving a flyer to hit the left side wall of a substrate through a controllable high-speed launch device, the flyer collides with the substrate to generate a shock wave, and before the shock wave enters a sample, an optical probe receives the shock wave. The electrical signal is transmitted to the signal collection device, and the collision makes the electrical probe connect with the substrate to generate an electrical signal. The electrical signal is transmitted from the electrical probe to the signal collection device, and the corresponding electrical signal data is generated according to the two electrical signal data collected by the signal collection device. Choose the waveform data graph with a more stable signal and can accurately read the transition point to finally judge the time point when the shock wave enters the sample.
本发明的工作原理：利用气体炮给与飞片以极高的速度使它与实验靶碰撞产生瞬时高压，同时产生冲击波，当冲击波进入样品前的发光隙时，强冲击下发光隙会产生光信号，同时碰撞使得电探针与基板接通，这样基板就会和电探针接入的直流电源形成一个回路，产生相应的电信号，并传递至示波器；而光探针与电探针安装位置相同，并且冲击波在发光间隙的传播时间为纳秒级别，可以忽略不计，所以可以认为二者同步触发；碰撞产生的冲击波在进入样品前的发光信号由光探针接收后接入瞬态高温计将光信号转化为电信号，而电信号则直接由光缆来接收；瞬态高温计、直流电源分别与示波器连接，由示波器接收整个过程的电信号，并在示波器上产生波形曲线，然后将两种波形进行对比分析，选择信号更稳定、能够准确读出跳变点的波形数据图来最终判断冲击波进入样品的时间点。The working principle of the present invention: using a gas gun to give the flyer a very high speed to make it collide with the experimental target to generate an instantaneous high pressure, and at the same time generate a shock wave. When the shock wave enters the light-emitting gap in front of the sample, the light-emitting gap will generate light under strong impact. signal, and the collision makes the electrical probe connect with the substrate, so that the substrate will form a loop with the DC power supply connected to the electrical probe, generate a corresponding electrical signal, and transmit it to the oscilloscope; and the optical probe is installed with the electrical probe The position is the same, and the propagation time of the shock wave in the luminescence gap is in nanoseconds, which can be ignored, so it can be considered that the two are triggered synchronously; the luminescence signal of the shock wave generated by the collision before entering the sample is received by the optical probe and then connected to the transient high temperature The meter converts the optical signal into an electrical signal, and the electrical signal is directly received by the optical cable; the transient pyrometer and the DC power supply are respectively connected to the oscilloscope, and the oscilloscope receives the electrical signal of the whole process, and generates a waveform curve on the oscilloscope, and then The two waveforms are compared and analyzed, and the waveform data graph with a more stable signal and an accurate reading of the transition point is selected to finally determine the time point when the shock wave enters the sample.
本发明的有益效果是：本发明用于冲击试验的冲击波时间标定装置及时间标定方法，装置结构简单，标定方法便捷，一方面，利用碰撞使得电探针与基板接通，这样基板就会和电探针接入的直流电源形成一个回路，产生相应的电信号，该电信号由示波器接收，将碰撞中产生的冲击波在进入样品前的发光信号由光探针接收后接入瞬态高温计将光信号转化为电信号，并传递至示波器，示波器根据电探针和光探针检测的信号产生波形曲线，然后将两种波形进行对比分析，选择更为精确的波形数据图来最终判断冲击波进入样品的时间点，即可很简单的对冲击波进入样品的时间点这个重要的参数进行更为精确的标定，使得后续实验数据更为可靠有效。The beneficial effects of the present invention are: the shock wave time calibration device and the time calibration method used for the shock test of the present invention have simple structure and convenient calibration method. The DC power supply connected to the electrical probe forms a loop to generate a corresponding electrical signal, which is received by the oscilloscope, and the luminescent signal of the shock wave generated in the collision before entering the sample is received by the optical probe and then connected to the transient pyrometer The optical signal is converted into an electrical signal and transmitted to the oscilloscope. The oscilloscope generates a waveform curve according to the signals detected by the electrical probe and the optical probe, and then compares and analyzes the two waveforms, and selects a more accurate waveform data graph to finally judge the shock wave entering. The time point of the sample, the important parameter of the time point when the shock wave enters the sample can be easily calibrated more accurately, which makes the subsequent experimental data more reliable and effective.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明冲击波时间标定装置的结构示意图；Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram of the shock wave time calibration device of the present invention;
图2为本发明实验靶与信号收集装置的连接结构示意图；2 is a schematic diagram of the connection structure of the experimental target and the signal collection device of the present invention;
图中，1-可控高速发射装置，2-靶室，3-信号收集装置，4-加载装置，5-发射管，6-磁测速装置，7-实验靶，8-飞片，9-基板，10-固定柱，11-光探针，12-电探针，13-瞬态高温计，14-直流电源，15-示波器，16-发光隙，17-密封层。In the figure, 1-controllable high-speed launching device, 2-target chamber, 3-signal collecting device, 4-loading device, 5-launching tube, 6-magnetic speed measuring device, 7-experimental target, 8-flying piece, 9- Substrate, 10-fixed column, 11-optical probe, 12-electrical probe, 13-transient pyrometer, 14-DC power supply, 15-oscilloscope, 16-luminescence gap, 17-sealing layer.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合附图进一步详细描述本发明的技术方案，但本发明的保护范围不局限于以下所述。The technical solutions of the present invention are further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the following.
实施例Example
一种用于冲击试验的冲击波时间标定装置，如图1和图2所示，包括可控高速发射装置1、靶室2、和信号收集装置3，所述靶室2为真空靶室，靶室2内设置有实验靶7，所述实验靶7包括基板9、固定柱10、至少一根光探针11、以及至少两根电探针12，所述固定柱10设置在基板9的右侧侧壁上(当然，固定柱10也可以设置在基板9的左侧侧壁上，当其设置在基板9的左侧侧壁时，后续的可控高速发射装置1用于驱动飞片8撞击基板9的右侧侧壁。)，所述基板9和固定柱10之间设置有发光隙16，所述光探针10的一端、电探针11的一端分别穿过固定柱10与发光隙16连接，光探针11的另一端、电探针12的另一端分别与信号收集装置3连接，所述可控高速发射装置1用于驱动飞片8撞击基板9的左侧侧壁。A shock wave time calibration device for shock test, as shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2, includes a controllable high-speed launch device 1, a target chamber 2, and a signal collection device 3, the target chamber 2 is a vacuum target chamber, and the target chamber is a vacuum target chamber. An experimental target 7 is arranged in the chamber 2 , and the experimental target 7 includes a substrate 9 , a fixed column 10 , at least one
具体地，所述基板9为导电金属。Specifically, the substrate 9 is a conductive metal.
具体地，所述发光隙16的尺寸为5～20微米。Specifically, the size of the light-emitting
具体地，所述可控高速发射装置1为具有测速功能的可控高速发射装置1。Specifically, the controllable high-speed transmitting device 1 is a controllable high-speed transmitting device 1 with a speed measurement function.
具体地，所述可控高速发射装置1为气体炮。Specifically, the controllable high-speed launching device 1 is a gas cannon.
具体地，所述可控高速发射装置1包括加载装置4和发射管5，所述发射管5的管口设置有磁测速装置6，所述加载装置1用于驱动飞片8沿发射管5向基板9撞击。所述磁测速装置6用于检测飞片8的初速度。Specifically, the controllable high-speed launch device 1 includes a loading device 4 and a launch tube 5 , the nozzle of the launch tube 5 is provided with a magnetic speed measuring device 6 , and the loading device 1 is used to drive the
具体地，所述信号收集装置1包括瞬态高温计13、直流电源14和示波器15，所述瞬态高温计13的一端与光探针10连接，瞬态高温计13的另一端与示波器15连接，所述直流电源14的一端与电探针12连接，直流电源14的另一端与示波器15连接。Specifically, the signal collection device 1 includes a
具体地，所述冲击波时间标定装置包括多个对称设置的光探针11和多个对称设置的电探针12。Specifically, the shock wave time calibration device includes a plurality of symmetrically arranged
具体地，所述固定柱10与基板9可拆卸连接。Specifically, the fixing column 10 is detachably connected to the base plate 9 .
具体地，所述固定柱10与基板9的连接端还设置有密封层17，所述密封层17用于防止发光隙16漏光。Specifically, a
一种用于冲击试验的冲击波时间标定方法，具体为：通过可控高速发射装置1驱动飞片8撞击基板9的左侧侧壁，飞片8与基板9碰撞产生冲击波，在冲击波入样品前，光探针10接收电信号并传递至信号收集装置3，同时碰撞使得电探针11与基板9接通，产生电信号，电信号由电探针11传递至信号收集装置3，根据信号收集装置3收集到的两种电信号数据产生相应的两种波形曲线，选择信号更稳定、能够准确读出跳变点的波形数据图来最终判断冲击波进入样品的时间点。A method for calibrating shock wave time for impact test, specifically: driving
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式，应当理解本发明并非局限于本文所披露的形式，不应看作是对其他实施例的排除，而可用于各种其他组合、修改和环境，并能够在本文所述构想范围内，通过上述教导或相关领域的技术或知识进行改动。而本领域人员所进行的改动和变化不脱离本发明的精神和范围，则都应在本发明所附权利要求的保护范围内。The foregoing are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and it should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the forms disclosed herein, and should not be construed as an exclusion of other embodiments, but may be used in various other combinations, modifications, and environments, and Modifications can be made within the scope of the concepts described herein, from the above teachings or from skill or knowledge in the relevant field. However, modifications and changes made by those skilled in the art do not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and should all fall within the protection scope of the appended claims of the present invention.
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| CN111366482B (en) * | 2020-03-27 | 2023-04-11 | 山西采薇集能科技有限公司 | Dynamic high-speed loading ejection device |
| CN111537055B (en) * | 2020-05-18 | 2021-11-19 | 商丘师范学院 | Experimental device and experimental method for arranging ultrahigh-pressure shock wave measurement probes |
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| CN113532783B (en) * | 2021-07-12 | 2022-06-28 | 中山大学 | Space environment hypervelocity impact test device and method |
| CN114018730B (en) * | 2022-01-10 | 2022-03-11 | 西南交通大学 | Convenient speed measurement target device based on solid particles under light gas gun impact loading |
| CN115060939B (en) * | 2022-06-10 | 2024-08-13 | 西南交通大学 | Electric probe signal simulator under shock wave measurement situation |
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