CN104237032A - Bullet impulse online detector - Google Patents

Abstract

An impulse online detector comprises an outer frame, an inner frame, pressure sensors and columns. The pressure sensors are connected with a data high speed recording system through a wire, a target plate containing structure is arranged on the front of the outer frame, a striking plate is arranged on the back of the outer frame, a linear guide rail is fixed below the outer frame, and the outer frame can slide on a slide block fixed on the ground. A steel plate is vertically arranged on the back of the inner frame, a slide block is arrange below the inner frame, and the inner frame can slide on a linear guide rail fixed on the ground. Columns are arranged on the back of the striking plate of the outer frame and the back of the steel plate of the inner frame. The sensors are installed on the fronts of the columns. A retaining column is arranged on the front of the outer frame to prevent the outer frame from being bounced back, colliding with the column of the inner frame and causing 'rear-end collision' after the outer frame is struck. The detector is simple in structure, convenient to operate and capable of accurately recording the impulse force and the impulse of a bullet when and after the bullet strikes the target plate and is an effectively test instrument for testing penetration resistance, impulse force bearing limit and toughness of an armored material.

Description

Bullet impulse force on-line detector

Technical field

The present invention relates to test and the metering field of armour material barrier propterty and bullet penetration performance, relate to the on-line checkingi of impulse force in bullet or explosion fragment impact target sample process, for testing the penetration resistance of armour material, toughness and bearing the limit to impulsive force, both can be used for the optimization of armour material barrier propterty, also can be used for the optimization of bullet or explosion fragment penetration performance.

Background technology

According to the practice of armour material Computer-Assisted Design, Manufacture And Test for many years, applicant thinks at present too extensive to the metering of armour material barrier propterty, test, assessment.The usual appraisal procedure of armour material ballistic performance is: carry out shooting test by examination criteria to target plate, does not do further metering to the material penetrated, to the bump height at the target plate metering shell hole diameter do not penetrated, the shell hole degree of depth and the back side; Have the back side, without splash qualitative evaluation, metrology and measurement be there is no to the dynamic process of impulse force during bullet impact armour material.

But, the bump height at accurate measurement shell hole diameter, the shell hole degree of depth and the back side is difficult to the measurement facility of routine.As everyone knows, it is irregular that shell hole or bullet damage face, and periphery is with many chevron crackings, and the randomness of measurement is very large, and same hole, the Numerical Aperture that different people measures differs greatly.Be difficult to carry out qualitative assessment to the barrier propterty of armour material with or without indexs such as splashes with the bump height at manual measurement shell hole diameter, the shell hole degree of depth, the back side, the back side.What is more, and the relation of shell hole sectional area and bullet speed is complicated, and sometimes, bullet speed is more than 1000m/s, and shell hole sectional area can diminish, as shown in Figure 6.As the bullet of ss109, caliber 5.6mm, the shell hole diameter got on 6mm steel plate is about 6mm, and the steel plate deformation of shell hole periphery is not obvious.And during the bullet impact 6mm steel plate of low speed, the comparatively large deformation near shock point can be caused.That is, under high velocity bullet impacts, steel plate can become " crisp ", and therefore, the barrier propterty assessing armour material by shell hole size has some limiting factor, and the barrier propterty assessing armour material with penetration resistance then can be better.

By the penetration resistance of quantitative test armour material, quantitative assessment can be made to the ballistic performance of various armour material sample.By the toughness of quantitative test armour material with bear the limit to impulsive force, the two large key elements affecting armour material penetration resistance can be resolved further, namely length perdurability (Measure Indexes of armour material toughness) withstood shocks, and the limit (Measure Indexes of armour material intensity) is born to impulsive force.The penetration performance of above-mentioned three barrier propterty, bullet or explosion fragments testing not only directly to assess armour material, and contribute to the manufacturing process of armour material and bullet or explosion fragment or the optimal design of structure.Applicant often ponders thinking test way repeatedly, and finally solve this puzzlement hard nut to crack for many years, therefore this case occurs.

Summary of the invention

The object of the invention is to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, by rapid-action force snesor and data acquisition technology at a high speed, impulsive force dynamic process when target plate is subject to bullet impact is recorded.For the bear limit and the toughness of test armour material to certain bullet impact power provide a kind of effective testing tool.

To achieve these goals, technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:

Target practice tester comprises outside framework, inner frame, force snesor, column; Force snesor is wired to data high-speed register system;

Be provided with the structure holding target plate before outside framework, be provided with crash panel, secure line slideway below after outside framework, line slideway and the slide block fixed on the ground coordinate to be installed, and outside framework can slide on slide block;

The profile of inner frame is less than outside framework, vertically be provided with baffle plate after inner frame, through the bullet of target plate, below inner frame, slide block may be provided with for meeting and bearing, coordinate with the line slideway fixed on the ground and install, inner frame can slide on line slideway; Guide rail is slided in setting can be converted into single-degree-of-freedom impact by whole Penetration;

Be provided with column all respectively after the crash panel of outside framework and after the baffle plate of inner frame, installed force snesor respectively before column, the force snesor clashed into by outside framework is outer sensor, and the force snesor clashed into by inner frame is inner sensor; The bullet impact power that outside framework is subject to, by the analog signal output of outer sensor to data high-speed register system A; The bullet impact power that inner frame is subject to, by the analog signal output of inner sensor to data high-speed register system B.

Before outside framework, be provided with retaining post, after preventing outside framework from clashing on outer sensor, bounce-back is returned, and encounters inner frame column below and " knocks into the back ", affect inner sensor test data.

As prioritization scheme, suspension is set above outside framework and inner frame, makes the weight of more than 90% of inter and outer gimbal drop in suspension, make the drag minimization that outside framework and inner frame slide on guide rail.Such as with rope, outside framework and inner frame are suspended in the air; Or on outside framework and inner frame, hang hydrogen balloon; When conditions permit, magnetic suspended guide can also be set below outside framework and inner frame.

After employing suspender, the line slideway that can arrange or not arrange below inner frame or outside framework and slide block.

Target plate is subject to bullet impact, and outside framework is moved by slide block, impaction plates outer sensor below, and produce voltage analog signal at sensor, this signal is changed into digital signal by data high-speed register system, and then outputs to computer stored.This process is approximately 50 microseconds, collects about 5000 data.These data are exactly the bullet impact power that outside framework is subject to, and time (interval of each data acquisition) amassing is exactly momentum.The dynamic process of momentum can be obtained thus further, impulse force when realizing bullet impact target plate and momentum on-line determination.Wherein, the momentum recorded can as the index passing judgment on armour material ballistic performance.

Bullet penetrates after target plate and continues flight, and impingement baffles, causes inner frame to slide, and baffle plate clashes into inner sensor, and generation voltage signal, is changed into digital signal by data high-speed register system, impulse force when realizing bullet impact baffle plate thus and momentum on-line determination.Can calculate from these data above the difference Δ E that bullet penetrates the kinetic energy before and after target plate, it is exactly the energy absorbed by target plate, is the best index of tolerance target plate ballistic performance.

The detection method of the said equipment is used to comprise the steps and computing formula:

1., outside framework past pusher as far as possible, let go when crash panel just contacts outer sensor; Inner frame also toward pusher, let go when baffle plate just contacts inner sensor; At this time, the display recorder of inside and outside sensor is reset, keep holding state;

2. after practicing shooting, analyze, calculate, compare curve shape that display recorder records and represent numerical value, referring to accompanying drawing 5, accompanying drawing 6, the curve 1 that wherein crest ratio is higher is the change procedure (or being called the change procedure of the pressure to sensor) of target plate impulsive force when being subject to bullet impact; F can be used ₁t () function describes;

The difference of target plate materials and structures can affect f ₁the parameter of (t) function. if target plate is thick, and the number of plies of compound is many, and the adhesive strength of interlayer is high, and bullet penetration resistance will increase.In like manner, curve 2 be baffle plate (2-1) by impulsive force change procedure during bullet impact, use f ₂t () describes;

A) by theorem of momentum, the knots modification of bullet momentum equals target plate to the accumulation in time of the resistance of bullet, is referred to as momentum.So this momentum calculates by formula (1):

$I=\underset{t1}{\overset{t2}{\∫}}f\left(t\right)\mathrm{dt}=P_t-P_0---\left(1\right)$

I is the momentum of bullet, and in the impulsive force detected of t when f (t) is bullet impact target plate, the lower limit of integration is t ₁,

The upper limit is t ₂, P ₀and P _tthe momentum before and after projectile impact respectively.Can be come by the momentum measuring knockout process

To momentum knots modification during bullet armour-piercing, thus the performance of metering armour material.Therefore, the momentum that records of the program

Can be used as the important indicator evaluating armoring ballistic performance.

B) absorption of target plate material can be able to be obtained by following steps.According to formula (1), list following two by twice collision

Individual equation:

$\underset{t1}{\overset{t2}{\∫}}{f}_1\left(t\right)\mathrm{dt}=P_1-P_0---\left(2\right)$

$\underset{t3}{\overset{t4}{\∫}}{f}_2\left(t\right)\mathrm{dt}=0-P_1=-P_1---\left(3\right)$

Wherein, f ₁in the impulsive force of t when () is bullet impact target plate t, the lower limit of integration is t ₁, the upper limit is t ₂; f ₂in the impulsive force of t when () is bullet impact target plate t, the lower limit of integration is t ₃, the upper limit is t ₄.P ₀and P ₁be the initial momentum of bullet and the momentum after passing target plate respectively, they can solve from formula (2) and formula (3) simultaneous.

C) P is being solved ₀and P ₁afterwards, according to the relation of momentum and kinetic energy, the kinetic energy Δ E in working direction consumption during projectile impact target plate can be calculated as follows:

$\mathrm{\ΔE}=\frac{{P_0}^1}{2m}-\frac{{P_1}^2}{2m}---\left(4\right)$

Wherein, m is the quality of bullet.

This part used up kinetic energy is absorbed by target plate, has changed into acoustic energy (E _s), luminous energy (E _l), heat energy (E _t), energy of vibration (E _v), the deformation energy (E of armour material _d), pulverizing can (E _g) etc. various energy consumption, thus reach shellproof effect.Therefore, total energy consumption Δ E value when bullet penetrates target plate is the best index of the ballistic performance of tolerance target plate.

D) impact strength of armour material: the maximal value (F in Fig. 5 curve _max1) be maximum the withstand shocks power of target plate to such bullet impact, can be used for measuring the intensity of armour material.

E) toughness of armour material: time interval time in Fig. 5 curve from force acting on transducer to momentum maximal value can be used for measuring the toughness of armour material.

F) the Penetration Dynamics mechanism of armour material: with No. 1 curve in mathematical model or finite element software fitted figure 5, can analyze and explain whole dynamic process, and pointing out the factor affecting this armoring ballistic performance, proposing the measure improving its ballistic performance.

Structure of the present invention is simple, easy and simple to handle, its beneficial effect be have recorded respectively impulsive force, momentum and the bullet of bullet when clashing into target plate penetrate target plate after impulsive force, momentum to baffle plate.Accurately reflect the barrier propterty of target plate under bullet impact.Curve from the stressed interval penetrating target plate (maximum value position of curve) to bullet be valid metric to armour material toughness, the maximal value of curve is the maximum impulse force that armour material bullet impact can bear, can as the valid metric of armour material intensity, these test and measurings contribute to disclosing the internal mechanism of armour material barrier propterty, improving the protective of armour material further.Also contributing to resolving the mechanism that bullet or explosion fragment penetrate armour material, providing theoretical foundation for improving penetration performance further.The key element such as physical dimension, profile, bullet material, speed of bullet can affect the penetration resistance of bullet.With the bullet shooting same armour material of different disposal, the dynamic process curve of a series of bullet impulse force therefrom obtained and equation.By the difference of comparison equation parameter, the penetration resistance impact of the key element such as physical dimension, profile, bullet material, speed on bullet of bullet can obtain quantitative assessment, for the penetration performance improving bullet provides effective instrument.

Accompanying drawing explanation

Fig. 1 is target practice tester general assembly (GA) schematic diagram;

Fig. 2 is outside framework stereographic map;

Fig. 3 is inner frame stereographic map;

Fig. 4 is that column arranges schematic diagram;

Fig. 5 is the impulsive force curve map of record; ;

Fig. 6 is the relation schematic diagram of bullet speed and shell hole sectional area.

Description of reference numerals:

1 outside framework, 1-1 crash panel, 2 inner frames, 2-1 baffle plate, 3 slide blocks, 4 line slideways, 5-1 outside framework column, 5-2 outside framework retaining column, 5-3 inner frame column, 6-1 outer sensor, 6-2 inner sensor, 7 target plates, the bullet that 8 bullets piercing target plate, 8-1 penetrate the bullet of target plate, 8-2 encounters baffle plate.

(two the data high speed recording systems be connected with inside and outside sensor are not shown)

Embodiment

Below by drawings and Examples, the present invention is further elaborated.

Embodiment 1:

The structure of target practice detector is as shown in Fig. 1 to Fig. 4, and the description referring to summary of the invention can be clear, and it is no longer repeated here.The definition of the present invention to data high speed recording systems is: namely at least can complete the sampling that 100,000,000 times precision is the data of more than 8 in 1 second.

As shown in Figure 1, target plate 7 (the present embodiment employs bullet proof glass) is fixed on the upright position before outside framework 1, we assemble up inner frame 2 outside framework 1 respectively with slide block 3 and line slideway 4, outside framework 1 as far as possible toward pusher, let go when crash panel 1-1 has just touched outer sensor 6-1; Inner frame 2 also toward pusher, let go when baffle plate 2-1 has just touched inner sensor 6-2, the armor that the baffle plate 2-1 of the present embodiment uses 30mm thick; At this time, the display recorder of interior outer sensor is reset, keep holding state.

With 3 7.62MM bullets, in 10 meters of shootings of distance target plate 7, bullet is when piercing target plate, promotion outside framework is turned right and is slided, outside framework 1 crash panel 1-1 below hits on outer sensor 6-1, the data high-speed register system A be electrically connected just can see the records of values of three Secondary Shocks power with outer sensor 6-1; The reacting force that outside framework 1 produces when clashing into outer sensor 6-1 makes it retreat, because outside framework retaining column 5-2 is arranged on 2-3 centimeters, outside framework 1 front end place, backway is restricted, makes it be unlikely to meet inner frame column 5-3, is unlikely to have influence on inner sensor 6-2 and produces data.When bullet 8 has penetrated target plate 7, continuation is flown forward by bullet 8, (8-1 see accompanying drawing 1) is until knocked on the baffle plate 2-1 that is arranged on after inner frame 2, the shock of bullet 8-2 to baffle plate 2-1 makes inner frame 2 slide backward, the inner sensor of the shock below 6-2 of baffle plate 2, the data of impulsive force to the data high-speed register system B of electrical connection, thus are recorded by its analog signal output.Obtain the time-domain curve of impulsive force, as shown in Figure 5.

(bullet shape of the same race under same target practice test condition, material, speed etc.), we by record bullet 8 at the time-domain curve figure clashing into target plate 7 and impulsive force remaining after penetrating target plate 7, can the barrier propterty of accurately more multiple target plate (target plate 7).

(target plate of the same race under same target practice test condition, as homogeneous armor steel of the same race), we at the time-domain curve figure clashing into target plate 7 and impulsive force remaining after penetrating target plate 7, accurately often can plant the penetration performance of bullet (bullet 8) by record bullet 8.

Claims (4)

1. bullet impulse force on-line detector comprises outside framework, inner frame, force snesor, fixed leg; Force snesor is wired to data high-speed register system;

Be provided with the structure holding target plate before outside framework, be provided with crash panel, secure line slideway below outside framework after outside framework, line slideway and the slide block fixed on the ground coordinate to be installed, and outside framework can be slided on slide block by line slideway;

The profile of inner frame is less than outside framework, vertically be provided with baffle plate after inner frame, through the bullet of target plate, below inner frame, slide block may be provided with for bearing and meeting, coordinate with the line slideway fixed on the ground and install, inner frame can slide on line slideway;

Be provided with column all respectively after the crash panel of outside framework and after the baffle plate of inner frame, before column, force snesor be installed respectively; ; The bullet impact power that outside framework is subject to, by the analog signal output of outer sensor to data high-speed register system A; The bullet impact power that inner frame is subject to, by the analog signal output of inner sensor to data high-speed register system B;

Retaining post is provided with before outside framework.

2. bullet impulse force on-line detector according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described inter and outer gimbal arranges suspension up, bears more than 90% from the weight of inter and outer gimbal and target plate.

3. bullet impulse force on-line detector according to claim 2, is characterized in that: after use suspender, below described inter and outer gimbal, no longer arrange line slideway and slide block.

4. use the bullet impulse force on-line detector described in claim 1, its detection method comprises the steps and computing formula:

1) outside framework past pusher as far as possible, let go when crash panel just touches outer sensor; Inner frame also toward pusher, arrive

Let go when baffle plate has just touched inner sensor; At this time, the display recorder of inside and outside sensor is reset, keeps standby

State;

2) after practicing shooting, analyze, calculate, compare curve shape that display recorder records and represent numerical value, wherein crest ratio

Higher curve 1 is the change procedure of target plate impulsive force when being subject to bullet impact; F can be used ₁t () function describes;

The difference of target plate materials and structures can affect f ₁the parameter of (t) function, that is f ₁t the parameter characterization of () function the performance of target plate materials and structures; In like manner, curve 2 be baffle plate (2-1) by impulsive force change procedure during bullet impact, use f ₂t () describes;

A) by theorem of momentum, the knots modification of bullet momentum equals target plate to the accumulation in time of the resistance of bullet, is referred to as momentum, and so this momentum calculates by formula (1):

$I=\underset{t1}{\overset{t2}{\∫}}f\left(t\right)\mathrm{dt}=P_t-P_0---\left(1\right)$

I is the momentum of bullet, and in the impulsive force detected of t when f (t) is bullet impact target plate, the lower limit of integration is t ₁, the upper limit is t ₂, P ₀and P _tthe momentum before and after projectile impact respectively;

B) absorption of target plate material can be able to be obtained by following steps, according to formula (1), lists following two equations by twice collision:

$\underset{t1}{\overset{t2}{\∫}}{f}_1\left(t\right)\mathrm{dt}=P_1-P_0---\left(2\right)$

$\underset{t3}{\overset{t4}{\∫}}{f}_2\left(d\right)\mathrm{dt}=0-P_1=-P_1---\left(3\right)$

Wherein, f ₁in the impulsive force of t when () is bullet impact target plate t, the lower limit of integration is t ₁, the upper limit is t ₂; f ₂in the impulsive force of t when () is bullet impact target plate t, the lower limit of integration is t ₃, the upper limit is t ₄.P ₀and P ₁be the initial momentum of bullet and the momentum after passing target plate respectively, they can solve from formula (2) and formula (3) simultaneous.

C) P is being solved ₀and P ₁afterwards, according to the relation of momentum and kinetic energy, the kinetic energy Δ E in working direction consumption during projectile impact target plate can be calculated as follows:

$\mathrm{\ΔE}=\frac{{P_0}^2}{2m}-\frac{{P_1}^2}{2m}...\left(4\right)$

Wherein, m is the quality of bullet;

This part used up kinetic energy is absorbed by target plate, has changed into acoustic energy (E _s), luminous energy (E _l), heat energy (E _t), energy of vibration (E _v), the deformation energy (E of armour material _d), pulverizing can (E _g) etc. various energy consumption, thus reach shellproof effect; Therefore, total energy consumption Δ E value when bullet penetrates target plate is the best index of the ballistic performance of tolerance target plate;

D) impact strength of armour material: the maximal value (F in Fig. 5 curve _max1) be maximum the withstand shocks power of target plate to such bullet impact, can be used for measuring the intensity of armour material;

E) toughness of armour material: time interval time in Fig. 5 curve from force acting on transducer to momentum maximal value can be used for measuring the toughness of armour material;

F) the Penetration Dynamics mechanism of armour material: with No. 1 curve in mathematical model or finite element software fitted figure 5, can analyze and explain whole dynamic process, and pointing out the factor affecting this armoring ballistic performance, proposing the measure improving its ballistic performance.